hemp biomass mankowski

8/12/2019 Hemp Biomass Mankowski

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Jacek Kolodziej, Jerzy Mankowski

Jacek Kolodziej, Jerzy Mankowski

HEMP DECORTICATION, THE TRENDS INHEMP DECORTICATION, THE TRENDS INAPPLICATION AND POSSIBILITIES OFAPPLICATION AND POSSIBILITIES OF

BYBY --PRODUCTS UTILIZATION AND SHIVESPRODUCTS UTILIZATION AND SHIVESAS A SOURCE OF ENERGYAS A SOURCE OF ENERGY


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Stem structure of fibres plants

Stem structure of fibres plants

parenchyma

parenchyma

leaf epidermis

leaf epidermis

epidermis

epidermis

wood

wood

beast fibres

beast fibres

cambium

cambium

cavity in pith

cavity in pith


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Fibres plant stem cross-section

Fibres plant stem cross-section


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Hemp fibres

The natural fibres, which arecharacterized by the:

* high tenacity,

* elasticity,

* low specific weight.

Flax fibresFlax fibres

Hemp fibres


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The new technology of flax and hemp fibre extraction is based ondecorticator processing of raw flax and hemp stalks and cleaning unit.

A decorticator equipped with hardened elements breaking the stemperforms extraction of fibre from raw hemp straw.

The fibre produced by the decorticator requires additional cleaning toremove the shives.

The cleaning process is conducted in preliminary cleaning machine,

equipped with sieves and a drum with vertical bars that separate theremains of wood.

The system could be applied as well in case of other bast plantsprocessing: kenaf, jute and ramie.


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A new decorticating technology allows for significant simplification of

a processing method used so far, improvement of productioneconomics through reduction of energy and labour consumptionduring extraction of fibre. The processing of hemp and flax straw

proposed here eliminates labour consuming, costly and depending onweather conditions natural retting processes and additional drying ofstraw before processing (maximum moisture content in the straw in

the new technology 18%).


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Decorticator

The processing yield: ca. 1500 kg/h of the raw material

The extraction process provides 25-30% of decorticated fibre, of impuritiescontent:

20-25% for raw straw

10-15% for retted straw


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Using the loosening and cleaning elements of textile machines (thedrum of carding machine) allowed for obtaining fibre containing 4-5%

of impurities.

22,5 cN/tex33,4 cN/texAverage strength ofdecorticated fibre

48,5 mm58,9 mmAverage length ofdecorticated fibre

4-5%20-25%Average fibreimpurities content

After cleaningAfter decorticationFibre parameters


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Decorticated fibre

* pulp and paper mass

* composite materials

* nonwoven

Possibilities of utilization of decorticated fibre


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Cellulose

The hemp fibre, which contains approximately 75% of cellulose.


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Pulp on the base of long fibre is characterised by such

features:

* high mechanical strength,

* resistance to tearing,* resistance to bending,

* elasticity,

* durability,

* high porosity.


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Areas of application of long fibre pulp:* tee-bag paper,

* low density condenser tissue,

* base for meat packaging paper,

* cigarette filter tissue,

* lenses packaging tissue.


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* banknote and securities,

* thin stationery (letter paper)

* base paper for packaging tapes,

* high quality book paper e.g. for Bible


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The obtained fibre, as well as waste hurds (shive), can be an excellentcomponent for production of composite materials.


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Ecological disinfection mats made in flax and

hemp fibres

Eco-friendly solutionThe technology of producing disinfection mats

based on cellulosic natural fibres allows for easy

utilization of used out products by natural

biodegradation processes and very much lowers the

costs of such utilization. The mats made of natural

bast fibres e.g. flax, hemp, jute fibres are, contrary

to the mats made of man made fibres, completely

biodegradable and thus eco-friendly.


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Ecological disinfection mats made of natural

fibres

Possible bast fibres for use:

Hemp fibres improve the breakingstrength of the mat.

Flax fibres improve the filling andwater capacity of the mat.


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Breaking strength of the disinfection mats


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Tensile strength of the sanitizing mat (surface density 950 g/m 2)


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Tensile strength of the sanitizing mat (surface density 1350 g/m 2)


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The mats , basen on nonwoven , developed at the Institute of Natural Fibres &Medicinal Plants in Poznan, are designed for protection zones that prevent

spreading infectious diseases such as e.g. avian flu.They are recommended for use at: passages in the area of chicken farms, cowshed, pigsties, dairies, fodder plants, slaughter-house, food processing plants, apiaries, livestock collection points, mushroom-growing cellars, border crossings.


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Use of disinfection mats on passages and

driveways

Examples of application


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Use of disinfection mats in farms


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In Poland, the Ministry of Economy is working on a document Energy Policyfor Poland till 2030 . The document is to define in details the strategic

directions of action in the area of energy policy of the state. It is foreseen that

estimated potential of domestic renewable energy resources in agriculture isabout 120 PJ in 10 year horizon.

According to the strategic provisions related to utilization of renewable energy

resources, the main emphasis will be on energy obtained from industrialplants and biogas in farm biogas plants . The share of renewableenergy in energy balance of the state is gradually growing: from 1.5%

in 2001 up to 7.5% in 2010 . It is estimated that the use of renewable energyin 2020 will reach 14% and 20% in 2030 .


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The reasons for utilization of flax and hemp biomass as a

source of energy:

The reasons for utilization of flax and hemp biomass as a

source of energy:

ECOLOGICAL FACTORS:

ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION

THE DECREASE OF THE

HARMFUL EFFECT OFAGRICULTURE ON THE

NATURAL ENVIRONMENT

INCREASE OF THE CROPSDIVERSITY

ECONOMIC AND SOCIALFACTORS:

DECREASE OF THEUNEMPLOYMENT IN RURAL

AREAS


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The basic advantage of the biomass as the raw material for energy is thesignificant decrease of the CO 2 emission to the atmosphere in comparison

with the coal burning parameters.

The steam of the CO 2 emitted during the biomass burning is absorbed inthe plant photosynthesis and it utilized for their growth.

Flax* Straw yield 7 ton/ha* Fibre yield 1,7 ton/ha


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Hemp is a phytosanitary crop, which enables hemp introduction to each cropratation, practically after almost every other type of crop.

Industrial hemp is observed as so called plastic crop:

adapts to the new conditions easily,

with significant forms, biological-morphological and economic value diversity

Hemp* Straw yield 12 ton/ha* Fibre yield 2,5 - 3 ton/ha

It is estimated that cultivation of 1 ha of hemp absorbs about

2,5 tons of CO2 whitch contributes

significantly to lessening of the greenhouse effect.


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hemp shiveshemp shives

flax shivesflax shives

In Poland up to 1990, the utilizationof shives to the production of theparticleboards was popular.

Due to the transformation of theeconomy, the and technological

changes- the shives were almost notapplied to the production of the

boards.Currently the shives are the waste

products.

In Poland up to 1990, the utilizationof shives to the production of theparticleboards was popular.

Due to the transformation of theeconomy, the and technological

changes- the shives were almost notapplied to the production of the

boards.Currently the shives are the waste

products.


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The shives in a loose form are a dangerous material, which can explode during theburning process, due to the presence of dust.

Unlike wooden chips, shives do not have to be dried before briquette production, whichaffects positively the economic aspects of their utilisation.


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Shives

Celuloza

Composit

materials

Short fibres


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The scheme of the line for flax and hemp shives pellets production

1. Loading of the grinding device2. Grinding device3. Loading of the cheaping container4. Cheaping container5. Loading the pelleting machine (pelleter)6. Pelleting machine (pelleter)7. Cooling device8. Filter9. Collection of pellets


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PELLETS are granules of the diameter of 6-10 mm andlength 5-30 mm, which have been pressed with a very

high density in the technological process.

Pellets made of hemp shives

Length 5-30 mm

Heating value 18 MJ/kg

Weight 650.000 g/m 3

Contents of ash 0,5 %

Contents of sulphur

0,05%


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The scheme of the line for flax and hemp shives briquettesproduction.

1. Cyclone2. Container (tank)3. Press4. Steering panel5. Stabilizer of briquettes


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Production of briquettesin the INF&MP

Experimental PlantLenkon

Container

Loading of shives tothe briquetting

machine

Briquetting machine

Stabilizer of

briquettes


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The trials conducted at the

INF&MP showed that it is notnecessary to apply the bonding

chemicals additivers

as the shives are bonded by

natural plant substances and highpressure.


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The processors of flax and hemp straw could obtain additional income, byselling the heating briquettes, produced on the base of flax and hemp shives,

instead of paying for the by-products storage.

According to the European Union regulations, the description of the plannedutilization of by-products from flax and hemp straw processing, is the

necessary condition to apply for the direct subventions.


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19,9

19,6

18,8

19,0

18 19 20

rape meal

hem p shives

rape m eal 70% hem pshives 30%

rape m eal 30% hem pshives 70%

[MJ/kg]

Heat of combustion of hemp shives and their mixture with rape meHeat of combustion of hemp shives and their mixture with rape me alal


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Energetic value of rapeseed is also high (17.6 MJ/kg). Thus, the conclusion is thatenergy efficiency of plants is mainly affected by the level of yield rather than bythe heat of combustion.

The very high energy efficiency is a result of high heat of combustion of hempwhich is 18.8 MJ/kg and high yield of dry matter per hectare.

Consequently, the profitability of crops cultivated for biomass depends on the

selection of proper plant species which should be characterized by high andstable yields of dry matter and relatively easy and low energy consumingagronomic treatments applied.


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ApplicationApplication of of thethe productionproduction technologytechnology of of briquettesbriquettes mademade of of flaxflaxandand hemphemp shivesshives willwill allowallow for:for:Increase of the share of the renewable energy in the fuel-energetic balance of

the country.

The utilization of shives, which are currently a by-product, as the renewablesource of energy of standard value.

Utylization of the waste raw materials from flax and hemp processing, whichrational usage is the condition for gaining the European Commission

subsides.Creating new work places in the agriculture sector as well as enlargement of

the scope of the services provided in agricultural processing.

Creating alternative sources of incomes derived from the production of nonfood renewable raw materials.


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THANK YOU FOR YOURATTENTION !!!

e-mali: [email protected]

hemp biomass mankowski

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