history of china: the life of chiang kai shek
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History of China: The Life Of Chiang Kai Shek. An account of Chiang Kai Shek’s career. Beginning . First, he attended a military academy in North China, Baoding, 1906 (1907-1911) Went to japan for military training and served in the Japanese army. He adopted and admired its ideals - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
History of China: The Life Of
Chiang Kai Shek
An account of Chiang Kai Shek’s career
First, he attended a military academy in North China, Baoding, 1906(1907-1911) Went to japan for military training and served in the Japanese army. He adopted and admired its idealsInfluenced by his Chinese comrades to overthrow the Manchus. This was the start of his revolutionary life…
Beginning
Was appointed commander in the 83rd brigade at
Shanghai, he took part in the fighting to over throw the Manchus.
(1911-1915) after a power struggle between Yuan Shi Kai and the KMT, the republicans finally succeeded in saving republicanism from Yuan, who had attempted to establish a new dynasty.
1918- Chiang Kai Shek joined Sun and the KMT as a major general of the Southern Armies in a failed attempt to unify the warlords-dominated north with South China.
The KMT relations begin
1923, Chiang Kai
Shek went to the Soviet Union to study the Red Army. After returning, he became the commandant of military academy in Whampoa, near Guangzhou, which was established along Soviet lines. Soviets provided advice for the Chinese.
Learning from the
Russians
Joffe and Sun laid the foundation of the coalition
between KMT and CCP CCP as a smaller bloc within a bigger bloc(KMT) and
the leftists have to accept the rightists as leader. Reasons(Sun’s): all Chinese have a right to be part
of the NR; CCP’s ties with workers, peasants and soviet aid to reorganise the KMT; and if CCP works outside of KMT it would undermine the purpose of NR.
CCP reasons: they were persuaded by the comintern to do so; both leftists wish to use KMT to expand their influence and eventually subvert it from within
Incorporation of the CCP
March 1925: Sun dies and Chiang takes over
CKS becomes head
1926-28, Chiang and the KMT attempts to
unify China by getting rid of the warlords. But in the end he was only able to neutralise and not eliminate the warlords.
Display of political skill: he expertly used propaganda on top of military superiority to win support for the Nationalists.
Result: undermined appeal for the warlords.
The Northern Expedition
1927, Chiang grows increasingly rightist and closer to
capitalists ie in Shanghai. Leftist activities starting to become an embarassment to
their movement Soviet advisers like Borodin were denounced. Separate nationalist govt in Nan Jing was established. Wedded to Song Mei Ling and deepened connections with
the Songs, who had great power in China converted to christianity(communists were non-believers) Significance: all these adds up to the possibility of the split
between the 2 parties as there were clashes in ideology and as disgust for the communists in Chiang starts to build.
Both parties deviate
After crushing the warlords, Chiang initiated
an anti-left campaign. Examples were the Shanghai Massacre and The Killings, both in 1927. They were attempted genocides to crush the communists.
Mao and the CCP started the Long March, thus fleeing from blood thirsty KMT
Crush the communists
Chiang did not resist the Japanese until he had
crushed the communists. He finally relented at the Xian incident. Only then did he recognise the Japs as the real threat.
Significance: lost much popular support from the Chinese
Sino Jap war(1937)
A flimsy KMT-CCP coalition was formed as a
front against the Japs.
WW2
The Civil War resumed KMT meets defeatthere was corruption in his govtCKS awarded high ranking positions to loyal followers, not those with rightful merit.Chiang also has no plan as to how he was to win the war; he blindly captured land.The advice of American advisors fell on deaf ears. He made many serious mistakes which proved detrimental for the standing of the KMT.KMT soldiers see no meaning to fight on as they were poorly 1)fed 2)disciplined 3)trained 4)treated. In fact, many defected to the communists.
Conflict resumed
He fled to Formosa and
established Nationalist China with US protection(1955). From there his KMT continued to battle CCP forces.
The US agreement with regards to guaranteeing the defence of Nationalist China lapsed in 1972 when the US and PRC reconciled
Taiwan
Chiang dies April 1, 1975 in Taipei. Aged 87 He had suffered a major heart attack and
pneumonia in the months before and died from renal failure aggravated with advanced cardiac malfunction.
Death
All taken from www.google.com
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