history of hadith
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Hadith
adth- ( )
History[hide]
Prophetic Period
Post-Prophetic Period
Categories[hide]
a
asan
af
Maw
Maqlb
Terminology[hide]
a
asan
Musnad
Muttail
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af
Muallaq
Mursal
Mual
Munqai
Munkar
Shdhdh
Muarib
Maw
Mutawatir
Ahaad
Mashhur
`Aziz
Gharib
Marfu`
Mawquf
Maqtu'
Isra'iliyat
Collections[hide]
Sunni[hide]
Al-Kutub Al-Sittah - (The six books)
Sahih Al-Bukhari ( )
Sahih Muslim ( )
Al-Sunan Al-Sughra ( )
Sunan Abi Dawood ( )
Sunan Al-Tirmidhi ( )
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#.E1.B8.8Ca.CA.BB.C4.ABfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#.E1.B8.8Ca.CA.BB.C4.ABfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#.E1.B8.8Ca.CA.BB.C4.ABfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.CA.BBallaqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.CA.BBallaqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mursalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.CA.BB.E1.B8.8Dalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.CA.BB.E1.B8.8Dalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.CA.BB.E1.B8.8Dalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Munqa.E1.B9.ADi.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Munqa.E1.B9.ADi.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Munqa.E1.B9.ADi.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Munqa.E1.B9.ADi.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Munkarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Sh.C4.81dhdhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Sh.C4.81dhdhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.E1.B8.8D.E1.B9.ADaribhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.E1.B8.8D.E1.B9.ADaribhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.E1.B8.8D.E1.B9.ADaribhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Maw.E1.B8.8D.C5.AB.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Maw.E1.B8.8D.C5.AB.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Maw.E1.B8.8D.C5.AB.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Maw.E1.B8.8D.C5.AB.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mutawatirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Ahaadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mashhurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#.60Azizhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Gharibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Marfu.60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mawqufhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Maqtu.27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra%27iliyathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kutub_al-Sittahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukharihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sunan_al-Sughrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_Abi_Dawoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_al-Tirmidhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_al-Tirmidhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_Abi_Dawoodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sunan_al-Sughrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukharihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kutub_al-Sittahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isra%27iliyathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Maqtu.27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mawqufhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Marfu.60http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Gharibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#.60Azizhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mashhurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Ahaadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mutawatirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Maw.E1.B8.8D.C5.AB.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.E1.B8.8D.E1.B9.ADaribhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Sh.C4.81dhdhhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Munkarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Munqa.E1.B9.ADi.CA.BBhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.CA.BB.E1.B8.8Dalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mursalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#Mu.CA.BBallaqhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminology#.E1.B8.8Ca.CA.BB.C4.ABf -
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Sunan Ibn Maja ( )
Others
Muwatta Imam Malik
Musnad Ahmad Ibn Hanbal(780855)
Sunan Al-Darimi (868)
Shama'il Muhammadiyah often referred to as
Shamaail Tirmidhi (9th Century)
Sahih Ibn Khuzaymah (923)
a Ibn ibbn(965)
Al-Mustadrak Alaa Al-aan
Al-Mawd't Al-Kubr(11281217)
Ra As-lin(12331278)
Mishkat Al-Masabih (1340)
Talkhis Al-Mustadrak(12741348)
Majma Al-Zawa'id (13351405)
Bulugh Al-Maram (13721449)
Kanz al-Ummal (16th century)
Zujajat al-Masabih (19th century)
Minhaj us Sawi (20th century)
Muntakhab Ahadith (20th century)
Shi'a[hide]
Al-Kutub Al-Arb'ah - (The four books)
Kitab Al-Kafi ( )
Man La Yahduruhu Al-Faqih (
(
Tahdhib Al-Ahkam ( (
Al-Istibsar( )
Others
The Book of Sulaym Ibn Qays (7th Century)
Al-Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya (678
713)
Sharh Usul al-Kafi (?1081)
Nahj Al-Balagha (10th Century)
Was'il Al-Sha(17th century)
Bihar Al-Anwar(17th century)
Haqq al-Yaqeen (17th century)
Ain Al-Hayat (17th century)
Qalam-e-Mowla (?)
Daim al-Islam (?)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_Ibn_Majahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_al-Darimihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shama%27il_Muhammadiyahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamaail_Tirmidhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Khuzaymahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishkat_al-Masabihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkhis_al-Mustadrakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majma_al-Zawa%27idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugh_al-Maramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanz_al-Ummalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zujajat_al-Masabihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhaj_us_Sawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntakhab_Ahadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi%27ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi%27ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi%27ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kutub_Al-Arb%27ahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_la_yahduruhu_al-Faqihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahdhib_al-Ahkamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Istibsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Sulaym_ibn_Qayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sahifa_al-Sajjadiyyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharh_Usul_al-Kafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahj_al-Balaghahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was%C4%81%27il_al-Sh%C4%AB%CA%BFahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was%C4%81%27il_al-Sh%C4%AB%CA%BFahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was%C4%81%27il_al-Sh%C4%AB%CA%BFahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was%C4%81%27il_al-Sh%C4%AB%CA%BFahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar_al-Anwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_of_Certaintyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence_of_Life_(book)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalam-e-Mowlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daim_al-Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daim_al-Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalam-e-Mowlahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence_of_Life_(book)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reality_of_Certaintyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihar_al-Anwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Was%C4%81%27il_al-Sh%C4%AB%CA%BFahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahj_al-Balaghahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharh_Usul_al-Kafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sahifa_al-Sajjadiyyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Sulaym_ibn_Qayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Istibsarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahdhib_al-Ahkamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_la_yahduruhu_al-Faqihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitab_al-Kafihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Kutub_Al-Arb%27ahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi%27ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi%27ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntakhab_Ahadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhaj_us_Sawihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zujajat_al-Masabihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanz_al-Ummalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulugh_al-Maramhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majma_al-Zawa%27idhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talkhis_al-Mustadrakhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mishkat_al-Masabihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh_as-Saaliheenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Great_Collection_of_Fabricated_Traditionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mustadrak_alaa_al-Sahihainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Hibbaanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Ibn_Khuzaymahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamaail_Tirmidhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shama%27il_Muhammadiyahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_al-Darimihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musnad_Ahmad_ibn_Hanbalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunan_Ibn_Maja 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Ibadi[hide]
Al-Jami' As-Sahih
Tartib Al-Musnad
Mu'tazila[hide]
Comments on the Peak of Eloquence (?1258)
Related Articles[hide]
Hadith studies
Biographical evaluation
Ahl Al-Hadith
Jihad in Hadith Criticism of Hadith
Category
Portal
Traditions regarding the life ofMuhammadand the early history of Islam were passed down both orally and
written for more than a hundred years after the death ofMuhammadin 632. According toMuslims, the
collection ofhadithor sayings by or about the prophet Muhammad was a meticulous and thorough process
that began right at the time of Muhammad. Needless to say hadith collection (even in the written form)
began very early on from the time ofMuhammadand continued through the centuries that
followed.[1]
Thus, Muslims reject any collections that are not robust in withstanding the tests of authenticity
per the standards ofhadith studies. This article goes through the historical evolution of the hadith literature
from its beginning in the 7th century to present day.
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing in the Pre-Islamic Period
2 Prophetic Period
o 2.1 Writing of hadith
3 Post-prophetic period
o 3.1 The beginning of systematic hadith collection
3.1.1 Early written hadith collections
4 Canonical texts
5 Contemporary Analysis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comments_on_the_Peak_of_Eloquence_(book_by_Abd_al-Hamid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_evaluationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_in_Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Writing_in_the_Pre-Islamic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Writing_in_the_Pre-Islamic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Prophetic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Prophetic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Writing_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Writing_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Post-prophetic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Post-prophetic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#The_beginning_of_systematic_hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#The_beginning_of_systematic_hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Early_written_hadith_collectionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Early_written_hadith_collectionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Canonical_textshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Canonical_textshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Contemporary_Analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Contemporary_Analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Contemporary_Analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Canonical_textshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Early_written_hadith_collectionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#The_beginning_of_systematic_hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Post-prophetic_periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Writing_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Prophetic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Writing_in_the_Pre-Islamic_Periodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_in_Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_evaluationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comments_on_the_Peak_of_Eloquence_(book_by_Abd_al-Hamid)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%27tazilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith -
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6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 Notes
[edit]Writing in the Pre-Islamic Period
Prior to the advent ofIslam, memorization was the primary means of conveyance of information amongst
theArabs.[2]
There were, however, some instances of writing present at that time, including promissory
notes, personal letter, tribal agreements and some religious literature.[3]
There were very few Arabs that
could read or write in the beginning ofMuhammad's era: The majority were unlettered, and according
toSunnitraditions, so was Muhammad.[4]
[edit]Prophetic Period
According toIbn Hajar, During the Prophets lifetime and into the time of theCompanionsand
olderFollowers, the narrations of the Prophet were not transcribed in a systematic manner. This was due to
two reasons. The first, was that early on they had been prohibited from doing so, as has been established
inSahih Muslim,[5]
lest the hadith become confused with the Quran. The second was due to expansive
capability of their ability to memorize and because the majority of them were unable to write.[6]
A possible explanation of aforementioned hadith is that the majority of the companions were illiterate with
only a few individuals from them able to write. If they were to write, it was unrefined, not conforming to thewritten alphabet. Thus, the prohibition was due to the fear of erring while writing.[7]Another is that the
prohibition was of writing the Quran with other than it in one place so as to avoid the two from becoming
mixed up confusing the one reading it. As for writing in its entirety having been prohibited, then this was not
the case as we see from another hadith, 'Convey what I say.' Present within the command to convey is
permission to write and record.[8]
[edit]Writing of hadith
Despite this, there are a number ofhadiththat indicate the permissibility if not encouragement to write
down hadith. From them:
The hadith of Abd Allah ibn Amr who said, I used write everything I heard from the Prophet wanting to
preserve it. TheQurayshthen prohibited me from doing so, saying, Do you write down everything?
And the Prophet is human who speaks while angry and pleased? So I refrained from writing and then
mentioned this to the Prophet. He gestured to his mouth and said, Write, by the one in whose hand is
my soul! Nothing emanates from this except the truth. [9]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98unhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98unhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98unhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh_(tribe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh_(tribe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh_(tribe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quraysh_(tribe)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_Muslimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabi%E2%80%98unhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#See_also 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Among theprisoners of wartaken at theBattle of Badrthose who were literate were released after
each taught ten Muslims how to read and write.[4][10]
Sahih Bukharistates thatAbd-Allah ibn Amrwrote
down his hadith.[11]
A man came to Muhammad and complained about his memory, saying: O Messenger of Allah: We
hear many things from you. But most of them slip our minds because we cannot memorize them.
Muhammad replied: Ask your right hand for help.[12]
Muhammad meant that he should write down what
he heard.
When Rafi ibn Khadij asked Muhammad whether they could write what they heard from him, the
answer came: Write, no harm!.[13]
Another sources quotes Muhammad advising: "Record knowledge
by writing."[14]
During theconquest of Mecca, Muhammad gave a sermon. A man from theYemen, named Abu Shah,
stood up and said: "O Allahs Messenger! Please write down these [words] for me!" Muhammad
ordered: "Write for Abu Shah!"[15]
Muhammad sent a letter which contained commandments about theblood moneyfor murders and
injuries and the law of retaliation to Amr ibn Hizam.[16]
This letter was handed down to his great
grandson, Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad.[4]
Among other things, like some ofhis letters other head of
states[citation needed], some scroll transferred to Abu Rafi was handed down to Abu Bakr ibn Abd Al -
Rahman ibn Harith, belonging to the first generation after the Companions.[4]
Ibn Hajarsummarized the different ways in which scholars have sought to reconcile those hadith
prohibiting the writing of hadith and those permitting it, in the first of which he said, The reconciliation
between the two is that the prohibition was particular to the time in which the Quran was being sent down
so that it would not become mixed up with other than it and the permission was during other than that
time."[17]
[edit]Post-prophetic period
During the caliphate ofAbu Bakr, the Muslim nation had to deal with therebellion of several apostates. In
all likelihood, the apostates began to forge hadiths to suit their purposes. For this reason, Abu Bakr, and his
successor, Umar, were very strict in their acceptance of hadiths as authentic, for fear of accepting a forged
hadith.[18]
Among Sunnis,Umar ibn al-Khattabis the primary locus for many accounts about hadith collection. He is
portrayed by Sunnis as desiring to initiate this project but unwilling to do so, fearing that Muslims might then
neglect the Qur'an.[19]
Umar is also said by Sunnis that, due to fear and concerns, he sometimes warned
people against careless narration ofhadith.[4]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Badrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Badrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Badrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukharihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukharihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukharihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd-Allah_ibn_Amrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd-Allah_ibn_Amrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd-Allah_ibn_Amrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_money_(term)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_money_(term)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_money_(term)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%27s_letters_to_the_Heads-of-Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%27s_letters_to_the_Heads-of-Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%27s_letters_to_the_Heads-of-Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridda_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridda_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridda_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-18http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridda_warshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_hadith&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-17http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%27s_letters_to_the_Heads-of-Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%27s_letters_to_the_Heads-of-Statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-16http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_money_(term)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_Meccahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd-Allah_ibn_Amrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukharihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-islamanswers-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Badrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_malakat_aymanukum 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Muslim historians say that it was thecaliphUthman(the third caliph, or successor of Muhammad, who had
formerly been one of Muhammad's secretary's), encouraged Muslims to write down the hadith as
Muhammad (in some instances) had encouraged Muslims to do likewise during his
lifetime.[20][21][22][23]
Uthman's labors were cut short by his assassination, at the hands of aggrieved people
who had come to the capital to seek redressal from the Caliph for the wrongs done by his secretary,
Merwan ibn Hakam, on 17 June 656 A.D{[24]
}.The Muslim community (ummah) then fell into a prolonged
civil war, termed theFitnaby Muslim historians. After the fourth caliph,Aliibn Abi Talib, was assassinated,
control of the Islamic empire was seized by theUmayyad dynastyin 660A.D/40 A.H.{[25]
} Illustrating the
importance hadith in a written format had earned,Ibn Abbasleft behind a camel-load of books, which
mostly contain what he had heard from Muhammad and otherSahaba.[4][26]
Of the manycompanions,Abu Hurairahtaughthadithto students, one of whom wasHammam ibn
Munabbih. Ibn Munabbih wrote down thesehadith, the original manuscripts of which are present even to
this day in the libraries ofBerlin,BeirutandDamascus.[27]
Starting thefirst Islamic civil warof the 7th century, those receiving the hadith started to question the
sources of the saying, something that resulted in the development of theIsnad.[19]
Muhammad ibn Sirin(d.
110/728) stated:[19]
"[the traditionalists] were not used to inquiring after the isnad, but when the fitna occurred they
said: Name us your informants. Thus if these wereAhl al-Sunnatheir traditions were accepted, but
if they wereheretics, their traditions were not accepted."
[edit]The beginning of systematic hadith collection
The beginning of the systematic collection and compilation ofhadithbegan during the time of the
second generation of Muslims, that of theFollowers. Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubaydullah,
commonly known asibn Shihab al-Zuhri, was a prolific and prominenthadithnarrator from
theFollowerswhomIbn Hajaridentified as atabi'i.[28]
According to Ibn Hajar, Ibn Shihab al-Zuhriwas
the first to compilehadithat the beginning of the first century after theMigrationacting on the order
ofUmar ibn AbdulAziz. It was after this that the compilation, then the authoring of books
ofhadithbecame commonplace, resulting in much good.[29]
Umayyad rule was interrupted by a second civil war (theSecond Fitna), re-established, then ended in
758, when theAbbasid dynastyseized the caliphate, to hold it, at least in name, until 1517 (the last
Caliph was Al-Mutawakkil III 15081517, in Cairo and not in Baghdad).
Muslim historians say that hadith collection and evaluation continued during the first Fitna and the
Umayyad period. However, much of this activity was presumably oral transmission from early Muslims
to later collectors, or from teachers to students.
The scholars of the Abbasid period were faced with a huge corpus of miscellaneous traditions, some of
them flatly contradicting each other. Many of these traditions supported differing views on a variety ofcontroversial matters. Scholars had to decide which hadith were to be trusted as authentic narrations
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and which had been invented for various political or theological purposes. For this purpose, they used
a number of techniques inhadith studies.[citation needed]
In AH 134 (751/752),paperwas introduced into
the Muslim world.[30]
Generally,Umar IIis credited with having ordered the first collection of hadith material in an officialmanner, fearing that some of it might be lost. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn HazmandIbn Shihab al-
Zuhri, are among those who compiled hadiths at `Umar IIs behest.[19]
[edit]Early written hadith collections
List of collections ofhadith, in chronological order:
1. Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri
2. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm
3. Musannaf of ibn Jurayj ?-? CE
4. Musannafof Ma`mar bin Rashid ?-? CE
5. Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbih 670720 CE
6. Musannafof `Abd al-Razzaq al-San`ani c. 700 CE
7. MuwattaofMalik bin Anas 760795 CE
8. Sufyan al-Thawri
[edit]Canonical texts
The efforts culminated withIbn al-Qaisarani's formalization of the Sunni cannon intosix definitivecollections,
[31][32][33]after having received impetus from the establishment of the Sunnah as the second
source of law in Islam, particularly through the efforts of the famous jurist Muhammad ibn Idris al-
Shafi'i.[19]
The method of criticism and the conclusions it has reached have not changed significantly since the
ninth century. Even much of modern Muslim scholarship, while continuing to debate the validity or
authenticity of individual hadiths or perhaps the hadiths of a particular transmitter, employs the same
methods andbiographicalmaterials.[19]
The classification of Hadith intosahih (sound), hasan (good)andda'if(weak)was firmly established
byAli ibn al-Madini(d. 234 AH).[34]
Later, al-Madini's studentMuhammad al-Bukhariauthored a
collection that he stated contained only sahih hadith.[34]
al-Tirmidhiwas the first traditionist to base his
book on al-Madini's classification.[34]
[edit]Contemporary Analysis
In 1848,Gustav Weil, noted thatMuhammad al-Bukharideemed only 4,000 of his original 300,000
hadiths to be authentic.He was soon followed byAloys Sprenger, who also suggests that many of the
hadiths cannot be considered authentic.
[19]
However, this demonstrates a limited understanding by NonMuslims, of Bukhari's criterion for his Sahih. This is clarified by other statements of Bukhari in which he
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made it clear that he considered all of the hadith in his authentic, but not all authentic hadith are
included in his Sahih.Al-Dhahabiquoted Bukhari as saying, "I have memorized one hundred thousand
authentic hadith and two hundred thousand that are not authentic.'[35]
Ignaz Goldziherwas a large contributor of innovative theories to the West. The subsequent directionthe Western debate took, a direction which has focussed on the role of hadiths in the origin and
development of early Muslim jurisprudence, is largely due to the work ofJoseph Schacht.[19]
The
Common-Link Theory, invented by Joseph Schacht and widely accepted in modern scholarship,
argues that hadith authorities knowingly and purposefully placed traditions in circulation with little care
to support these hadiths with satisfactoryisnads(chains of transmitters). G. H. A. Juynboll, Michael
Cook and other Schachtians subsequently embraced and elaborated upon this theory. In 2006, Fahad
A. Alhomoudi in his thesis On the Common-Link Theory[36]challenges the accuracy of Schachts
founding theory. Because of the interconnectedness of Schachts many theses about hadith and
Islamic law, the findings of Alhomoudis thesis did not only challenge the significant Common -Link
Theory in legal hadith studies, but also open the door for scholars to question other important theories
held by Schacht and his followers with regard to larger issues in Islamic legal history.
The Turkish government'sDiyanet leri Bakanlhas commissioned a team of scholars atAnkara
Universityto draft a new compilation ofhadiththat would omit numeroushadithconsidered historically
inauthentic by these scholars.[37]
Ibn Shihab al-ZuhriFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubaydullah ibn Shihab al-
Zuhri
Died AH 124 (741/742)
Ethnicity Arab
Era Islamic golden age
Region Damascus
Main interest(s) Hadith,sra
For the geographer fromAl-AndalusseeMohammed Ibn Abu Bakr al-Zuhri
Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Ubaydullah ibn Shihab al-Zuhri[1]
(Arabic: ) (died AH 124/741-
2), usually called simply Ibn Shihab oral-Zuhri. He was a central figure among the early collectors ofsra.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_Goldziherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_Goldziherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Schachthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Schachthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studies#The_sanad_and_the_matnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studies#The_sanad_and_the_matnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studies#The_sanad_and_the_matnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_golden_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_golden_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Andalushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%ABrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_golden_agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Religious_Affairshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_studies#The_sanad_and_the_matnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-L21RHadithCriticism-19http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Schachthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_Goldziherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collections_of_hadith#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabi -
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Contents
[hide]
1 Life
2 Relationship with the Umayyads
3 Views
o 3.1 Sunni view
o 3.2 Non-Muslim view
4 Notes
5 Further reading
[edit]Life
Ibn Sa'd[2]has an account purporting to be in al-Zuhri's own words describing how he left his home
inMadinah, went toDamascusto seek his fortune and was recruited into the administration of the
CaliphAbd al-Malik. The Caliph observed that his father had supported Ibn al-Zubayr against him in the
recent civil war. But the Caliph's policy toward the Zubayrites was reconciliation and his father's politics
were not held against him.
No connected account of al-Zuhris life after that has come down to us. There is no evidence he ever again
lived in Madinah. Abd al-Malik died in AH 86 (705 CE) and al-Zuhri continued to serve the Umayyid court
the rest of his life. He died in AH 124 (7412 CE).
In the initial conversation with Abd al-Malik the names of earlier Islamic scholars whom al-Zuhri had come
in contact with in Madinah are mentioned: 'Abdullah ibn Tha'laba al-'Adawi (though he is disparaged) ,Said
ibn al-Musayyib,Urwah ibn Zubayr, 'Ubaydullah ibn 'Abdullah ibn 'Utba, Abu Bakr ibn 'Abdul-Rahman ibn
al-Harith, Kharija ibn Zayd ibn Thabit and 'Abdul-Rahman ibn Yazid ibn Jariya. There are many stories
about the strength of al-Zuhri's learning and all the scholar's in the west who were alive when he died
quoted from him in their own works.[2]
Some sources, but not Ibn Sa'd, say that he had a son named Ahmad ibn Abu Bakr al-Zuhri.[citation needed]
[edit]Relationship with the Umayyads
Some accuse al-Zuhri of having flattered the Umayyads. He taught the son of CaliphHisham(died AH
125/743). but this does not mean that he supported the Umayyads uncritically. His relationship with the heir
to the caliphate Walid (ruled for one year 125 after al-Zuhri's death) was so bad that Walid was only
restrained from killing him by the Caliph's intervention.[2]
[edit]Views
[edit]Sunni view
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Relationship_with_the_Umayyadshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Relationship_with_the_Umayyadshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Viewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Viewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Sunni_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Sunni_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Non-Muslim_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Non-Muslim_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d_al-Baghdadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d_al-Baghdadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d_al-Baghdadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_ibn_al-Musayyibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_ibn_al-Musayyibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_ibn_al-Musayyibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_ibn_al-Musayyibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwah_ibn_Zubayrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwah_ibn_Zubayrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwah_ibn_Zubayrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hishamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hishamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hishamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hishamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abu_Bakr_al-Zuhrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-autogenerated1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urwah_ibn_Zubayrhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_ibn_al-Musayyibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_ibn_al-Musayyibhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d_al-Baghdadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sa%27d_al-Baghdadihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Non-Muslim_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Sunni_viewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Viewshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Relationship_with_the_Umayyadshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#Lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri 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Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri is regarded as one of the greatest Sunni authorities on Hadith. The leading critics of
Hadith such asIbn al-Madini,Ibn Hibban,Abu Hatim,Al-DhahabiandIbn Hajar al-Asqalaniare all agreed
upon his indisputable authority. He received ahadith from manySahaba(Companions) and numerous
scholars among the first and second generations after the Companions narrated from him.
In his famous letter toMalik ibn Anas,Laith ibn Sa`dwrites:
Ibn Shihab would give many contradicting statements, when we would meet him. While if any one
of us would ask him something in writing, he, in spite of being so learned, would give three
contradictory answers to the same question. He would not even be aware of what he had said
about the issue in the past. This is what prompted me to give up what you do not approve of [i.e.
quoting a narrative on the authority of ibn Shihab].[3]
[edit]Non-Muslim view
Harald Motzkiregards al-Zuhri as reliable.[4]
Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn HazmFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hazm(Arabic: ) (died 120/737) was an 8th-
centurySunniIslamic scholarbased inMadinah.[1]
He is among those who compiled hadiths atUmar IIs behest.[2]Umar asked him to write down all the
hadiths he could learn in Madinah from 'Amra bint 'Abd al-Rahman, who was at the time the most
respected scholar of hadiths narrated byAisha.[3]
Musannaf ibn JurayjFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article does notciteanyreferences or sources. Please helpimprove this
articlebyadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be
challenged andremoved.(September 2010)
Musannafof ibn Jurayjis a book byIslamic scholaribn Jurayj, one of the earliesthadith collections.
Sahifah Hammam ibn MunabbihFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sahifah Hammam ibn Munabbihis perhaps one of the earliest knownhadith collections,[1]
by 8th century
scholarHammam ibn Munabbih. It has been translated, in the 20th century, byMuhammad Hamidullah.
Muwatta Imam MalikFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hadith
adth- ( )
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Madinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Madinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Madinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hibban&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hibban&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hibban&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hatim&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hatim&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hatim&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anashttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laith_ibn_Sa%60d&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laith_ibn_Sa%60d&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laith_ibn_Sa%60d&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Motzkihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Motzkihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aishahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aishahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musannaf_ibn_Jurayj&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musannaf_ibn_Jurayj&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musannaf_ibn_Jurayj&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musannaf_ibn_Jurayj&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musannafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musannafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jurayjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jurayjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jurayjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahifah_Hammam_ibn_Munabbih#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahifah_Hammam_ibn_Munabbih#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahifah_Hammam_ibn_Munabbih#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammam_ibn_Munabbihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammam_ibn_Munabbihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammam_ibn_Munabbihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hamidullahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammam_ibn_Munabbihhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahifah_Hammam_ibn_Munabbih#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Jurayjhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musannafhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_referencing/1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musannaf_ibn_Jurayj&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Musannaf_ibn_Jurayj&action=edithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-Hadith_Literature-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aishahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Hazm#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madinahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_scholarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald_Motzkihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri&action=edit§ion=5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Shihab_al-Zuhri#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laith_ibn_Sa%60d&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Hajar_al-Asqalanihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Dhahabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hatim&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Hibban&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_ibn_al-Madini 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Portal
The Muwaa(Arabic:) is the first written collection ofhadithcomprising the subjects ofMuslim law,
compiled and edited by theImam,Malik ibn Anas.[1]
Malik's best-known work,Al-Muwatta was the first legal
work to incorporate and join hadith andfiqhtogether. The work was received with wide praise.Abu Bakr
ibn al-`Arabisaid: "The Muwatta is the first foundation and the core, while al-Bukharisbookis the second
foundation in this respect. Upon these two all the rest have built, such as Muslimandal-Tirmidhi."
Contents
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1 Description
2 History
3 Authenticity
4 Composition of al-Muwatta
5 Distinguishing characteristics
6 Commentaries on Al-Muwatta
7 References
8 External links
[edit]Description
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categories_of_Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categories_of_Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadith_terminologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malikhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_ibn_Anashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwatta_Imam_Malik#cite_note-Risalah-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muwatta_I