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DESCRIPTION
မဟန ဘာလဲ ဘယ္လဲTRANSCRIPT
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q&mawmfESpfyg;udk rvGefqefvdkí wm0efus t"dywdq&mawmfBuD;xH pmrlwifvdkufavonf/
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rodbJ vSdrfhaigufaeaom tmPm&Sdq&mawmfBuD;rsm;tay: tjypfr,lEdkifcJhjcif; jzpfyg\/
þum; r[etzGJU\ wpfvGJqHyifaumif;yHk jzpfygonf/
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&SifOwårausmf vlxGuf? vlysHawmfOD;OKwfausmf ydkYcsaom oifwef;jzpf\/ xdkoifwef;ü OD;OKwfausmf ydkYcs
aepOf wpfaeYwGif &[ef;awmfESpfyg; pm&Gufvma0avonf/ xdkpm&GufrSm c&pf,mOfwdkYtm; ar;xm;aom
ar;cGef;(22)csuf jzpfavonf/ ar;olu c&pf,mefbmomrS Ak'bmomodkY a&muf&SdNyD; &[ef;0wfaeol
jzpfNyD;? tar;cH&olu ol\zcif jzpfavonf/ xdkpm&Gufrsm;udk oifwef;om; &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; a0oGm;
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OD;OKwfausmfudk qifhac:um y&dowfrsm;a&SUwGif vufrSwfxdk;cdkif;avonf/ OD;OKwfausmfu rxdk;Edkifyg/
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em,utzGJUu tmPmzDqef&aumif;vm;[k tjyif;txefNcdrf;ajcmufygonf/ OD;OKwfausmfu ]]zrf;vQif
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xdktcsdefü vlYtzGJUtpnf; oHCmhtzGJUtpnf; pHknDae&m NrdKUe,foHCem,utzGJUu Xmewm0efcHrsm;udk
OD;OKwfausmfudk zrf;csKyfzdkY trdefYay;avonf/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;uvnf; omoema&;udpöjzpfaeí qifjcif
&ay&m t&rf;uma&m rvkyf&JMuay/ xdktcsdefrSpí NrdKUe,foHCem,utzGJUonf OD;OKwfausmftay:
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uREfkyfu ]]omoema&;udpörSm oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;u t"dujzpfygvsuf? vlYtzGJUtpnf;udk ykHcswm[m
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NrdKUe,foHCem,utzGJUu "r®uxduoifwef;udk cGifhjyKcsufay;avonf/ &mxl;jyKwfrSmawmh aMumufMu
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jyóemwpfckudk owd&rd\/ omoemydkif armif;axmifq&mawmfonf awmifilrif;\q&m q&mawmf
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q&mawmfudk tjypfwifav&m vlESifh&[ef; tcsif;yGm;Muavonf/ armif;axmifq&mawmfu axG;cHjzifh
awmifilrif;udk aygufonf/ awmifilrif;uvnf; jyefaygufonf/ armif;axmifq&mawmfu awmifilrif;
udk ajcjzifhuefonf? awmifilrif;u eyef;jyefvHk;onf/ vlrif;ESifh&[ef;rif;? vlt&m&SdESifh &[ef;tmPm&Sd
wdkY eyef;owfyGJrSm aejynfawmfwpf0Srf;vHk; ausmfapmoGm;avonf/ omoemavmuü armif;axmifu
vnf; axmifvGef;? awmifiluvnf; ilvGef; [k ajymprSwf jzpfoGm;cJhavonf/
awmifilrif;u oHCmhy&dowfa&SUwGif armif;axmifq&mawmftm; 0efcsawmif;yef&m?
armif;axmifq&mawmfuvnf; jyefvnfawmif;yefcJhayonf/ rif;y&dowf? oHCmhy&dowfa&SUwGif tjyef
tvSef awmif;yefMu&mwGif armif;axmifq&mawmf\ pum;awmfrSm rSwfom;zG,faumif;vSayonf/
]]tif; - om"k? om"k? om"k/ igonf;cH\? rif;om;csnf; rSm;onfr[kwf? igvnf;]]tif; - om"k? om"k? om"k/ igonf;cH\? rif;om;csnf; rSm;onfr[kwf? igvnf;]]tif; - om"k? om"k? om"k/ igonf;cH\? rif;om;csnf; rSm;onfr[kwf? igvnf;]]tif; - om"k? om"k? om"k/ igonf;cH\? rif;om;csnf; rSm;onfr[kwf? igvnf;]]tif; - om"k? om"k? om"k/ igonf;cH\? rif;om;csnf; rSm;onfr[kwf? igvnf;
rSm;avonf? rif;om;vnf; ykxkZOf? igvnf; ykxkZOf jzpfcJh\/ ykxkZOf *wdudk vdkufpm;rdonfhrSm;avonf? rif;om;vnf; ykxkZOf? igvnf; ykxkZOf jzpfcJh\/ ykxkZOf *wdudk vdkufpm;rdonfhrSm;avonf? rif;om;vnf; ykxkZOf? igvnf; ykxkZOf jzpfcJh\/ ykxkZOf *wdudk vdkufpm;rdonfhrSm;avonf? rif;om;vnf; ykxkZOf? igvnf; ykxkZOf jzpfcJh\/ ykxkZOf *wdudk vdkufpm;rdonfhrSm;avonf? rif;om;vnf; ykxkZOf? igvnf; ykxkZOf jzpfcJh\/ ykxkZOf *wdudk vdkufpm;rdonfh
twGuf jzpfMuaomaMumifh rSm;MuacsNyD/ ykxkZOfyifjzpfaomfvnf; iguomí rSm;acsonf/twGuf jzpfMuaomaMumifh rSm;MuacsNyD/ ykxkZOfyifjzpfaomfvnf; iguomí rSm;acsonf/twGuf jzpfMuaomaMumifh rSm;MuacsNyD/ ykxkZOfyifjzpfaomfvnf; iguomí rSm;acsonf/twGuf jzpfMuaomaMumifh rSm;MuacsNyD/ ykxkZOfyifjzpfaomfvnf; iguomí rSm;acsonf/twGuf jzpfMuaomaMumifh rSm;MuacsNyD/ ykxkZOfyifjzpfaomfvnf; iguomí rSm;acsonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;\ ta&awmfudk 0wfqifjref; vsuf r[moHC&mZmtrnfudk &&Sdojzifh onf;rcHEdkifjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ta&awmfudk 0wfqifjref; vsuf r[moHC&mZmtrnfudk &&Sdojzifh onf;rcHEdkifjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ta&awmfudk 0wfqifjref; vsuf r[moHC&mZmtrnfudk &&Sdojzifh onf;rcHEdkifjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ta&awmfudk 0wfqifjref; vsuf r[moHC&mZmtrnfudk &&Sdojzifh onf;rcHEdkifjrwfpGmbk&m;\ ta&awmfudk 0wfqifjref; vsuf r[moHC&mZmtrnfudk &&Sdojzifh onf;rcHEdkif
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þodkY rdefYawmfrlaomtcg rif;y&dowf? &[ef;y&dowftm;vHk; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"kac:Mu
avonf/ (ndKjr? ukef;abmif&SmyHkawmf? pm-269)
odu©morm"dt&mü rnfodkYrQ tjypfqdkp&mr&Sdaom a&S;q&mawmfBuD;rsm;onfyif omoemydkif
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&mxl;BuD;Muolrsm; owdBuD;Muapcsifygonf/ tmPmBuD;Muolrsm; owdBuD;Muapcsifygonf/ owdryg
aom &mxl;tm;Pmum; tjyKxuf tzsufbufü tpGrf;xufwwfMuyg\/
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tqifhqifhyif jzpfayonf/ vmbfpm;jcif;? rw&m;qHk;jzwfjcif;wdkYum; ajymrqHk;aygif awmoHk;axmifwrQ
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a*gyua[mif;udk jzKwfcsum olUtvdkus a*gyutopf zGJUpnf;&mrS topf ta[mif; trIjzpfjcif;
jzpfonf/ q&mawmfBuD;rsm;rSm ta[mif;bufvdkufí trSefqHk;jzwfvQif "r®0de,ESifhnDaomfvnf; topf
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<uonfudkyif oHCm[kqdkum ESifxkwfavonf/ uREfkyfonf iwfaerSef;rodí aiGjzifh rpGefYjcif;jzpfav
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axmifusaeaom oHCmrsm;udk MunfhvdkufvQif omoemnd§K;EGrf;jzifh usvmolrsm; jzpfavonf/
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tzGJUtpnf;\ rn§mrwm vkyfaqmifrIaMumifh axmifusae&olrsm; jzpfavonf/ &[ef;odu©mvnf;
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tvkyfMurf;vkyf&onfrSmvnf; vlom;rqef? EGm;wrQ jzpfavonf/ udk,fhomoemudk udk,fwdkifzsufqD;
aeaom oHCmhtzGJUtpnf; jzpf\/ tmPm&Siftm;udk;ESifh rdkufvHk;BuD;aeaom oHCmhtzGJUtpnf;jzpf\/
tmPm&SifuJhodkY vufeufrudkif½Hkwrnfom xl;avonf/ oHCem,utzGJUrsm;um; vufeufryg?
vufeufrdkifaom tmPm&Sifrsm;omwnf;/
oHCmh'Drd kua&pD/oHCmh'Drd kua&pD/oHCmh'Drd kua&pD/oHCmh'Drd kua&pD/oHCmh'Drd kua&pD/ ///// ,cktcg Clean Government (oefY&Sif;aomtpdk;&) jzpfap&ef jynfxJa&;ü
wdkifcsufrsm; vufcHonfhXmewpfck zGifhxm;onfudk awGU&avonf/ 0efxrf;rsm; vmbfpm;jcif;? rw&m;
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ta&;,laeonfudk awGU&\/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;yif oefY&Sif;aomtpdk;&jzpfatmif aqmif&GufaeygvQif
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rsm;omwnf;/
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&vdkí qdkif&muyfí aiGay;&m olvnf; t*¾r[my@dwbGJU&avonf/ xdktcgusrS ]]a&S;u ratay;awG
vnf; igvdkyJ aerSm}}[k ajymav\/
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(rCa'0? pmydk'f 223)
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toif;BuD;ü a[mMum;aomw&m;awmf jzpf\/ xdkw&m;yGJü pmcstausmfq&mawmfBuD;u ]]bkef;BuD;wdkYu
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ydkYcsvmonfrSm ESpfaygif;oHk;q,fausmf&SdcJhNyD;? oifwef;om;aygif; ig;&mausmf ydkYcscJhavonf/ olUtm;
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jynfe,frsm;odkY oGm;a&mufajzqdkMurnf/ NrdKUBuD;rsm;ü oHCmtiftm; enf;oGm;rnf jzpfavonf/ xdkodkY
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0gavm'uZmwf)
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at'D(18)&mpkwGif jzpfyGm;aom jyifopfta&;awmfyHkBuD;aMumifh oufOD;qHydkif Louis 14 (vl0Dbk&if
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pkzk&m;vwf trsufawmf&Sí y,fcsvdkuf\/ 1240 ckESpfü wifoGif;&m rvdkufemcJhojzihf 1247 ckESpfü
rif;ESifh wdkif;jynfwpfckvHk; uRefb0a&mufcJh&\/
(ndKjr? ukef;abmif&SmyHkawmf? 496 -7)
uREfkyfonf uREfkyfwdkY\ tem*wfomoemtwGuf þpmwrf;udk jyKpkygonf/ twåBuD;í
tjrifusOf;vQif pkzkk&m;vwfvdk y,fcsEdkifygonf/ twåyg;vTmí tjrifBuD;tjrifus,fygrl tjyKoabmESifh
a0zeftBuHjyKí tem*wfomoem\ tajccHtk#fjrpfudk pepfwus cdkifrmatmif vkyfoifhygonf/
tu,fí a&m*gaygif;pHk 0ifa&mufaeonfh *dvmeomoemudk tcsdefrDrukpm;ygvQif ordkif;\w&m;cHonf
pkzk&m;vwfyifjzpfayrnf/ ordkif;\ vufn§Kd;xdk; usdefqJrIudk cH&ygvdrfhrnf/ omoemBuD; emwm&Snf
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