I. I CNG- Bnh tay-chn-ming l bnh truyn nhim ly t ngi sang ngi, d gy thnh dch do vi rt ng rut gy ra. Hai nhm tc nhn gy bnh thng gp l Coxsackie virus A16 v Enterovirus 71 (EV71). - Biu hin chnh : st nh, mt mi, au hng, bing n, tiu chy vi ln trong ngy.Tn thng da, nim mc di dng phng nc cc v tr c bit nh nim mc ming (vt lot hay phng nc ng knh 2-3 mm nim mc ming, li, li, gy au ming, b n, b b, tng tit nc bt), lng bn tay,lng bn chn, mng, gi. Bnh c th gy nhiu bin chng nguy him nh vim no-mng no, vim c tim, ph phi cp dn n t vong nu khng c pht hin sm v x tr kp thi. - Bnh ly ch yu theo ng tiu ho. Ngun ly chnh t nc bt, phng nc v phn ca tr nhim bnh.

Hnh minh ho 1

Hnh minh ho 2

Hnh nh minh ho

- Bnh tay-chn-ming gp ri rc quanh nm hu ht cc a phng. Ti cc tnh pha Nam, bnh c xu hng tng cao vo hai thi im t thng 3 n thng 5 v t thng 9 n thng 12 hng - Bnh c th gp mi la tui nhng thng gp tr di 5 tui, c bit tp trung nhm tui di 3 tui. Cc yu t sinh hot tp th nh tr i hc ti nh tr, mu gio, n cc ni tr chi tp trung l cc yu t nguy c ly truyn bnh, c bit l trong cc t bng pht.

II. PHNG BNH1. Nguyn tc phng bnh: - Hin cha c vc xin phng bnh c hiu.- p dng cc bin php phng nga i vi bnh ly qua ng tiu ho, c bit ch tip xc trc tip vi ngun ly.2. Phng bnh trng mm non, mu gio:Nhim v ca gio vin :* V sinh phng hc, bp :- Lau sn nh bng dung dch kh khun Cloramin B 2% hoc cc dung dch kh khun khc nh : x phng, Vim, Dung dch Javel .... - Cch pha Cloramin B kh trng b mt, vt dng : Dng 200 g Cloramin B 25% pha trong 10 lt nc. Tt nht pha v s dng trong ngy. Nu khng c cn c th dng tha canh ong bt ha cht kh trng, mi tha canh y tng ng 10 g.

Quy trnh kh khun cn tin hnh qua 2 bc:+ Lau chi sn nh bng dung dch kh khun pha sn, trong 15 pht (dit khun). Sau lau chi sn nh bng nc sch (xa sch cht kh khun s dng).Trc khi hc sinh vo lp hoc khi ra v.+ Ngm vt dng hay chi ca tr vi dung dch kh khun pha sn, trong 15 pht (dit khun). Sau ra vt dng hay chi bng nc sch (xa sch cht kh khun s dng) ri lau kh bng khn sch hay phi nng.- Nh bp phi bo m iu kin v sinh v cch bit vi nh v sinh v ngun nhim khc.- C s phi c nc sch v x phng. vi nc cho hc sinh ra tay- Thng rc phi c np y.

* V sinh i vi dng c :- Phi c ra sch nhiu ln, gi kh. Cc dng c nh dao tht v cc dng c khc khi dng xong phi c ra ngay v gi gn ni sch s. - Mt bn ch thc phm phi c lm t cc vt liu khng thm nc v d lau sch.C dao tht ring cho thc phm chn v ring cho thc phm sng.* i vi gio vin v ngi ch bin thc n cho tr.- Phi t gi v sinh c nhn sch s, ct ngn v gi sch mng tay, khng eo trang sc, ra tay bng x phng v nc sch khi: ch bin, cho tr n, chm sc tr, sau khi i v sinh....(c bit sau khi thay qun o, t, sau khi tip xc vi phn, nc bt).Ra di vi nc ( running water).

i vi tr :- Hng dn cho tr c thi quen v sinh c nhn, ra tay bng x phng di vi nc chy, trc khi n v sau khi i v sinh. - Cho tr n chn, ung si- Khng n thc n ti, sng, khng m bo v sinh. - Che ming, mi khi ho hay ht hi. Bo m thong mt cho khng kh lu thng. Ra sch cc vt dng, chi m cht tit mi hng ca tr c th bm vo bng dung dch. Ra sch chi, vt dng, sn nh.- Thay qun o, ct mng tay thng xuyn cho tr.- Khng dng chung vt dng c nhn. Trnh tip xc thn mt vi ngi bnh nh hn, vut ve- Cch ly tr bnh ti nh v ti cc c s y t. Khng n nh tr, trng hc, ni cc tr chi tp trung trong 10-14 ngy u ca bnh.- Khi pht hin ca bnh nghi ng, Nh trng cn phi thng bo cho c s y t trn a bn c hng dn, x l.