i limiti del diritto di cronaca. il caso sarah scazzi
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UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIA Facoltà di Economia, Giurisprudenza, Ingegneria, Lettere e Filosofia, Scienze Politiche Corso di Laurea Specialistica Interfacoltà in Editoria e Comunicazione Multimediale. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
I LIMITI DEL DIRITTO DI CRONACA.IL CASO SARAH SCAZZI
Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Stefano Colloca
Correlatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Giampaolo Azzoni
Tesi di laurea di Stefania Scalercio
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PAVIAFacoltà di Economia, Giurisprudenza, Ingegneria,
Lettere e Filosofia, Scienze Politiche
Corso di Laurea Specialistica Interfacoltà in Editoria e Comunicazione Multimediale
The limits of freedom of press.The Sarah Scazzi case
IntroductionThe issueI first addressed the issue of the limits of freedom of press and its balance with other rights that ought to be protected.
The effective exerciseSecondly, I analyzed the effective exercise of freedom of press and its limits in the recent and not yet concluded case of Sarah Scazzi.
A deontological analysisFor methodological requirements I have analized in depth the journalistic treatment of the case only in Italy and the period between September 1 and November 30, 2010, period in which the turning points of the survey took place.I have analized 623 news rerports.
The Freedom of Press
The freedom of press is the freedom of an individual in telling the facts as they occur and by any suitable means.
It is considered the basis of the information and contempory democracies
The journalist has the duty to bring a version of the facts that fits the reality entirety
Enhanced Protection: the right of the individual may succumbs to the information need
Decalogue Sentence n. 5259/1984 of the Court of Cassation
The Limits of the Freedom of Press
• Truth: substantial correspondence between the facts as they happened and how they are narrated. Strict or putative, provided that they are the result of a diligent and serious research on the sources;
• Relevance: existence of a clear public interest of the knowledge of the facts in relation to their relevance to the community and the formation of public opinion;
• Continence: civil form of the narration of facts, which should not exceed to the information objective.
Freedom of the Press and Respect for the Person
• Right to personal identity: everybody can be represented with his true identity;
• Right to privacy: a fact must be considered private when its spread has no social utility;
• Protection of honor: feeling and opinion that the subject has of his/her value;
• Protection of reputation: the esteem which the individual has within a given social environment;
• Right to oblivion : a person's interest not to stay indefinitely exposed to the damage caused by repeated publication of a story in the past lawfully disclosed.
The public interest marks the limit beyond which the protection of personal privacy is weakened
is absolute in relation to the facts of crime
exceptional event
seriousness of the event
narrative of freedom guaranteed by Article 6, paragraph 1 of the Codice deontologico relativo al trattamento dei dati personali
nell’esercizio dell’attività giornalistica
Materiality of the information
History of the Sarah Scazzi Case August 26, 2010: disappearance of the fifteen years old Avetrana girl (Taranto);
September 29, 2010: discovery of the girl’s cellular phone by the uncle;
October 7, 2010: After confession, Michele Misseri, let investigators find Sarah's body;
October 15, 2010: Sabrina Misseri is detained for cooperation in the murder of her cousin;
February 23, 2011: Carmine Misseri and Cosimo Cosma are arrested because they were accused of conspiring to corpse suppression;
March 9, 2011: Misseri’s brother and his nephew return to freedom.
An Investigation into the Violated Rights
- horrifying background, disastrous revelations
- Lack of respect against persons involved in the story
-Description of Avetrana as a silence and retrograde town
appeal from the Journalists Order
Publication of audio recordings of interrogations regarding the murder
Committee for the implementation of the codice di autoregolamentazione in materia di rappresentazioni delle vicende giudiziarie nelle trasmissioni televisive
Address by the Garante della privacy
Amendment of a seizure order, with the value of assurance information and paper copies of audio and video files stored on magnetic tapes in Italy
An Investigation into the Violated Rights
The Chronicle of the Violated Rights of Children
Sarah Scazzi (15 years old)
2a phase
Missing child Dead child
Art. 7, paragraph 3, Codice deontologico
andCarta di Treviso
The Codice deontologico does not contain specific references. The only
study in the Carta di Treviso is in relation to the case of suicide
"The child's right to confidentiality must always be considered as primary to the right of criticism and commentary"
1a phase
The Chronicle of the Violated Rights of Children
Children witnesses of morbid taste and
cynical representation of pain
The freedom of press must not exceed the limit of good sense and delicate emotional fragility of children
Codice in materia di Media e Minori
The Public Opinion Attention
THE CAUSES
Ascertain the truth or satisfaction of curiosity?
• Crime not completed within criminal organizations but in an apparently normal context;
• change in mentality and lifestyle of our society, which is located also in the success of noir fiction;
• use by media of the criteria typical of story and narrative, in comparison to those in journalism;
• existence of morbid voyeurism in each of us;
The Public Opinion Attention
THE CONSEQUENCES• perverse craving for knowledge and a strong need to know;
• feelings of apathy in front of murders and violent events;
• inability to distinguish fact from fiction.
The Public Opinion Attention
The Mechanism of AudienceBecause of the exceptional nature of the news, the most atrocious crimes arouse public impressive attention The Sarah Scazzi case could not be addressed in a less deep way
This mechanism, however, has no right to invoke the more macabre and morbid details of the story
COMMON INFORMATION MODELS
CRITERIA FOR ECONOMIC COMPETITION
High audience is not an indicator of high quality or high appreciation from the public
AUDIENCE > ADVERTISING REVENUE >
Deontological Analysis
THE PRESS
Deontological Analysis
31
432
18
osservanza dei criteri
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione basso
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione medio
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione alto
54
20
8 3
RELEVANCE CONTINENCE
On 85 articles analyzed, 31 didn’t observe the criteria of relevance and 54 didn’t observe the criteria of continence.
Deontological Analysis
282
24 19 7
osservanza dei criteri
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione basso
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione medio
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione alto
CONTINENCE
256
4125 10
RELEVANCE
On 332 articles analyzed, 76 didn’t observe the criteria of relevance and 50 didn’t observe the criteria of continence.
Deontological Analysis
THE WEB
Deontological Analysis
44
2
osservanza dei criteri
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione basso
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione medio
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione alto
CONTINENCE
43
2 1
RELEVANCE
On 46 articles analyzed, 3 didn’t observe the criteria of relevance and 2 didn’t observe the criteria of continence.
Deontological Analysis
TV NEWS
Deontological Analysis
212
7
5
RELEVANCE
20
7
53
osservanza dei criteri
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione basso
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione medio
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione alto
CONTINENCE
On 35 news repotrs analyzed, 14 didn’t observe the criteria of relevance and 15 didn’t observe the criteria of continence.
Deontological Analysis
20
2
6
RELEVANCE
202
5
8
osservanza dei criteri
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione basso
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione medio
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione alto
CONTINENCE
On 35 news reports analyzed, 15 didn’t observe the criteria of relevance and 15 didn’t observe the criteria of continence.
7
Deontological Analysis
32
3
RELEVANCE
32
3
osservanza dei criteri
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione basso
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione medio
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione alto
CONTINENCE
On 35 news reports analyzed, 3 didn’t observe the criteria of relevance and 3 didn’t observe the criteria of continence.
Deontological Analysis
14
5
12
4
RELEVANCE
22
6
52
osservanza dei criteri
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione basso
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione medio
inosservanza: livello di vio-lazione alto
CONTINENCE
On 35 news reports analyzed, 21 didn’t observe the criteria of relevance and 13 didn’t observe the criteria of continence.
Dossier European Observatory on Sicurity
• ample space everyday dedicated to criminal acts;
• crimes treated as fiction and drama;
• shift of pubblic attention from social issues to crime
STUDIO APERTO
TG5 TG4 TG1 TG2 TG3 TG LA70
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
di cui Caso Scazzi
Criminalità
Deontological Analysis
MAGAZINE PROGRAMS
Deontological Analysis
“Porta a Porta”, “Matrix” and “Quarto Grado” have searched in the Sarah and characters of the story’s life
revealing information not belonging to journalism
violating the right to privacy and the right to presumption of innocence
ConclusionMotivation of the media success of Sarah Scazzi case:
1. Emotional envolvement;
2. High plays;
3. Low cost;
4. Narrative technique of seriality,
5. Self-body information;
Ethical duties not respected:
1. Materiality of information;
2. Respect for the dignity of the person;
3. Presumption of innocence;
4. Rights of children.