ilmu penyakit parasiter - ub
TRANSCRIPT
Ilmu Penyakit Parasiter
Laboratorium Parastologi Veteriner
FKH UB
Protozoa Intestinal
Topics
Giardiasis
Amoebiasis
Balantidiasis
Trichomoniasis
Histomoniasis
GIARDASIS
MORPHOLOGY
Giardiasis
Worldwide distribution pada mamalia, burung dan amphibi.
Giardia duodenalis in domestic and wild mammals (termasuk manusia)
G. muris in rodents
Life cycle
Pathogenesis
Menyebabkan atrophy villi dan hyperplasia kripta
Terjadi penurunan luas permukaan serap usus halus; penyerapan glukosa, air, dan natrium.
Menurunkan aktifitas penyerapan disakarida
Clinical Signs
Ruminants—diare dan kehilangan berat badan
Horses—tanda-tanda klinis sering tidak ada; diare dan penurunan tingkat pertumbuhan anak kuda.
Dogs and cats—tanda-tanda klinis sering tidak ada; ketika ada, acute, chronic, or intermittent foulsmelling, fatty diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, anorexia
Diagnosis
• ANTEMORTEMDeteksi trophozoite atau cyst di feces
• Fecal flotation
• ELISA test
• Immunofluorescence
• Duodenal aspiration
Treatment and Control
• Dogs: fenbendazole, metronidazole (22 mg per kg orally twice daily for 5 days)
• Cats: metronidazole
• Calves: fenbendazole (a single 10 mg dose, 10–20 mg per day for 3 days, 0.833 mg daily for 6 days), albendazole at 20 mg per day for 3 days
• kista bertahan paling baik di bawah kondisi dingin dan lembab sehingga menjagadaerah tetap kering
• kista rentan terhadap amoniumyang direkomendasikan untukdesinfeksi kandang
• segera buang kotoran dan pembersihan kandang yang sering dan menyeluruh.
Video Giardiasis
Amoebiasis
➢CYST AMOEBA → LUMEN USUS → EPITHEL USUS →MUKOSA →SUB MUKOSA, MUSKULARIS → ULCER (LUKA) → AEROBACTER AEROGENES DAN ESCHERICHIA COLI→ DIARHAE
➢SYST. LYMPHATIC → HEPAR → LESI-LESI → ABSES → HEPATIC AMOEBIC ABSES
PATOGENESIS
DIAGNOSA :
BERDASARKAN GEJALA KLINIS
PEMERIKSAAN FESES
SEROLOGIS
• PENGOBATAN :
• METRONIDAZOLE
• TETRASIKLIN
• DILOXANIDE FUROAT
• DI IODOHYDROXYQUINOLINE
Video Amobaesis
Balantidiasis
MORPHOLOGY
Balantidium coli, 50-20 mikrometer, hidup di lumen colon dari manusia, babi, rodensia, dan mamalia.
Membentuk ulcer
Menimbulkan reaksi inflamasi memicu neutrophil
SIKLUS HIDUP
HOSPES : BABI, KERA, MANUSIA, ANJING, KUCING
PENULARAN: TERTELANNYA CYST
GEJALA KLINIS : DIARE BERDARAH,PENURUNAN BERAT BADAN,KELEMAHAN
PATOGENESIS :CYST BALANTIDIUM→EKSISTASI DI USUS HALUS→COLON MUKOSA → SUBMUKOSA → ULCERA → ENTERITIS →DIARHAE
DIAGNOSA : PEMERIKSAAN FECES
PENGOBATAN: METRONIDAZOLE, CARBAZONE
Video Balantidiasis
Trichomoniasis
AVIAN TRICHOMONIASIS
CAUSA : TRICHOMONAS GALLINAE
HOSPES : BURUNG MERPATI, AYAM,
KALKUN
CARA PENULARAN
BURUNG : PIGEON MILK
AYAM : AIR MINUM
GEJALA KLINIS
NGOROK, EXUDAT RONGGA MULUT
LESI-LESI KUNING : RONGGA MULUT, LIDAH, OESOPHAGUS,
CROP, PROVENTRICULUS, LIVER.
Patologi
• Menyebabkan inflamasi dan ulcerasi pada mouth, sinuses, esophagus, crop, and proventriculus, berlanjut ke liver, serosal surface of the intestinal tract, pancreas, and heart.
DIAGNOSA
• GEJALA KLINIS• PEMERIKSAAN PARASIT
(SWAP SAL. PENCERNAAN BAG. ATAS)
Pengobatan dan pencegahan
• Metronidazole at 30–60 mg per kg orally, twice daily for 5–7 days;
• Carnidazole 10 mg orally. • Minimalkan kontak
unggas denganmerpati; memeliharaburung di kawatuntuk menghindarikontaminasi tinja.
Tritrichomonas fetus
• Trichomonosis is a venereal disease of cattle caused by Tritrichomonas foetus, a flagellate protozoan parasite(OIE,2018)
• Tritrichomonas foetus is a flagellate, pyriform protozoan parasite
• approximately 8–18 µm long and 4–9 µm wide
• three anterior and one posterior flagellae
• undulating membrane
Ax = axostyle; Co = costa; Nu = nucleus; PB = parabasal body; PE = pelta; UM = undulating membrane; FA = anterior flagella; FP = posterior flagellum.
Clinical signs
Trichomonosis is asymptomatic in bulls
however in cows the disease is characterised by infertility,
abortion, embryonic and early fetal death, fetal
maceration, pyometra and vaginal discharge.
Distribusi dan transmisi
The disease has a world-wide distribution
major economic importance as a cause of abortion and infertility, especially in dairy cattle.
Transmission of the disease is primarily by coitus, but mechanical transmission by insemination instruments can occur.
• Tritrichomonas fetus isolated from cats.
Geographical distribution of surveys for and case report of Tritrichomonas foetus detected positive cats worldwideChaoqun yao dan Liza S.Koster (2015)
diagnostic method
• In bull examination and culture of smegma from the prepuce and penis, while in cows the preferred sample is vaginal mucus
• fluid collection
• PCR
• serologis
Treatment
Therapeutics reported in the literature include:
paromomycin, fenbendazole, furazolidone, nitazoxanide, metronidazole, tinidazole and ronidazole
Histomoniasis(BLACK HEAD
DISEASES)
Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs
• Chickens: nonpathogenic.
• Turkeys:
• inflammation and ulcers in the cecanecrotic tissue, exudate, dan parasitesplug ceca
• liver, menyebabakan yellowgreen areas
• GK : depression, inappetence, sulfur-colored droppings, cyanosis of the head death.
Diagnosa
Pemeriksaan feses
Pemeriksaan apusan segar tepi lesi cecal atau hati
Histologi sections
Pengobatan dan
pencegahan
• Terapi : nitro-imidazole orally
• Pencegahan :
• Modern, intensive management
• Pisahkan turkeys dengan ayam
• Hindari kontaminasi dengan tanah
• Sanitasi kandang
• Jangan menggunakan litter secara berulang, hal ini meningkatkan jumlah H. meleagridis
• Obati unggas dari cacingan (Heterakis gallinarum)
Finish