Immigration Group

Immigration TimeLineNaturalization Act of 1790:

Naturalization was limited to aliens, who were “free white persons”.

1875:

The Supreme Court transferred responsibility of regulating immigration to the Federal Government.

1882 The Chinese Exclusion Act:

• The first law to restrict immigration into the United States

• Increase job opportunities

• Maintained white “racial purity”.

• Suspended all Chinese immigration for 10 years

• was renewed in 1892 for another 10 years

• In 1902 was made permanently illegal.

1885 Alien Contract Labor Law:

Prohibits importation of foreigners under any agreements and/or contracts to perform labor in the US.

1907 The US Immigration Act of 1907:

Inspection and limitation of immigrants entering into the US, through Mexican borders.

1917-1924:

A series of laws were enacted to further limit the number of new immigrants (literacy requirement- read 40 words in some language). These laws established the quota system (limiting by nationality the number of immigrants who may enter the US each year) and imposed passport requirements.

1924 Act:

The border patrol is created to combat smuggling and illegal immigration.

1940 The Alien Registration Act:

Required all aliens within the United States to register and fingerprint with the Government and receive an Alien Registration Receipt Card.

1952 Act:

Established the preference system that gave priority to family members and people with special skills.

1968 Act:

Eliminated US immigration discrimination based on race, place of birth, sex and residence. It also officially abolished restrictions on Oriental US immigration.

1986 Act:

• Commonly known as the 1986 Immigration Amnesty.

• Legalized hundred of thousands of illegal immigrants.

• Introduced the employer sanctions program

• Passed laws to prevent bogus marriage fraud.

1990 Act:

• Annual limit for certain categories of immigrants

• Expanded the business class categories

• Created the Immigrant Investor Program.

Creation of the USCIS 2003:

As of March 1, 2003, the US immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) becomes part of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

US Immigration History

http://www.rapidimmigration.com/1_eng_immigration_history.html

Immigration to the US, Timeline

http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/timeline.html

Impact of Globalization on Immigration• Competitive labor markets might persuade job-seekers to find work abroad.

• Paul A. Harris, PhD, Assistant Professor of Public Administration, International Studies and Philosophy at Augusta State University, wrote:

"Globalization has been the defining feature of the late twentieth-century, exemplified by sharply increased trade in goods, inter-connected financial markets and large-scale international migration. Globalization is defined by cross-border connectivity, including porous borders, which serve to expedite flows of goods while at the same time increase the level of immigration – both legal and illegal.“

• NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) may have been the factor in the large immigration of Mexicans living in the U.S. without proper documentation. The number has increased from about 2 million in 1990 to an estimated 6.2 million in 2005.

Impact of Globalization on Immigration

• In 2005, there were an estimated 200 million migrants in the world’s labor force. The economy of remittances (i.e., money paid back to source countries) is at roughly $150 billion.

• In China, the number of migrant workers is about 9% of its population, or 120 million people. This pool of migrant workers sends back US$65.4 billion back to their source countries, which accounts for almost 50% of the economy of remittances.

• According to the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia, "In Europe, 28% of foreigners between the ages of 25 and 49 are unable to find work, with unemployment rates as high as 35% for Turks and Pakistanis and 60% for recent immigrant groups such as Somalis.“

• Toronto’s unemployment rate was 6.7% in November 2010, including 19.7% among recent immigrants

Impact of Globalization on Immigrationl• According to the European Monitoring Centre on Racism

and Xenophobia, "In Europe, 28% of foreigners between the ages of 25 and 49 are unable to find work, with unemployment rates as high as 35% for Turks and Pakistanis and 60% for recent immigrant groups such as Somalis.“

• Toronto’s unemployment rate was 6.7% in November 2010, including 19.7% among recent immigrants

Impact of Globalization on Immigration

• Immigration with proper documentation has been argued to strengthen communities and foreign countries:

• The import of foreign laborers adds to a new set of skills and lowers the transaction costs in international trade.

• The experiences of foreign laborers would bring in valuable knowledge about foreign markets which would induce trade amongst countries.

• Having foreign immigrants would also diversify a particular country, which would make it stronger in attempting foreign affairs abroad.

• The increase in foreign legal immigrants would also add to the country’s work force and human capital capabilities.

Impact of Globalization on Immigration•

What is Immigration Law?

• Immigration laws are used to control how non-citizens come in and out of the United States.

• Govern the entry, admission, and status of people wishing to transit, reside in, or become citizens of the United States

Current Immigration LawsIt is against the law to enter the United States without permission.

Consequences: (1st Time ) Misdemeanor offense (2nd Time) Felony

It is against the law to overstay the time allowed by US Government issued visa

Immigration to the United States is govern by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)

Employment Eligibility Verification • Although federal government has always required business

owners to verify an employee’s eligibility, the department of Homeland Security has made recent changes to how this is accomplished, and had begun strictly enforcing employment eligibility verification.

-Employers are now required to complete I-9 forms within three days after hiring an employee.-Must submit documentation sufficient to complete the

I-9 form.-Employer must examine the documentation which establishes identity and eligibility to work.-Employer must update when the documentation submitted expires.

Penalties for Hiring unauthorized Immigrants

• Penalties for Hiring knowingly employ unauthorized immigrants and failing to comply with the employment verification requirements (I-9 process) pursuant to INA Section 274A;

-First Offense: $250- $2000 per illegal employee-Second Offense: $2000-$5000 per illegal

employee

Other Controversial BillsKentucky (Senate Bill 6)

-Gives police authority to check the immigration status of people they stop.-Allow the police to arrest on trespassing charges for setting foot in Kentucky.Status: Cleared Senate 24-14, Pending House approval

Alabama “show me your papers” Provision-Original bill ordered schools to check immigration status of new students enrolling.Status: Ruled unconstitutional by federal court

Georgia “show me your papers”

Arizona Senate Bill 1070• Requires all aliens over the age of 14 who remain

in the Unites States to register with the U.S Government.

• Required to have registration documents in their possession at all times.

• Obligates police officers to make an attempt, when practicable during a “lawful stop, detention or arrest”, to determine a person's immigration status of there is reasonable suspicion that that person is an illegal alien.

• Violation of this requirement is a federal misdemeanor crime.

Why is the Arizona SB 1070 controversial?

Supporters Mostly RepublicansSay its directed towards criminals 55% of Americans support it6/10 Older AmericansWhy Will lead to less crimeDiscourage unlawful entry to U.S

CriticsMostly Democrats Latinos54% Opposed

WhyFear it will promote racial profiling

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrpZGODsaE8&feature=related

• Allows states to provide in-state tuition without regarding one’s immigration status

• Temporary legal status for certain immigrant students

• Obtain permanent legal status• Serve in the U.S. military• Attend college

Dream Act: Impacts

• Must have entered the United States before the age of 16

• Must have been present in the United States for at least 5 consecutive years prior to passing of the bill

• Must have graduated from a United States high school, or have obtained a GED, or have been accepted into an institution of higher education

• Must be between the ages of 12 and 35 at the time of application

• Must have good moral character

Dream Act: Qualifications

• Limited duration-six years• Attend school • Drive• Employment opportunities• Can use for residence requirements for

naturalization• Be eligible for Pell Grants or certain other federal

financial aid grants.

Conditional Permanent Residence Status

• Graduate from a two year college• Certain vocational colleges• Studied at least two years toward a B.A or higher

degree• Served in U.S. armed forces for at least two years

Obtaining Regular Lawful Permanent Residence Status

You Make the Difference

Deportation

• Expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country.

• The first deportation law in the United States was the Alien Act of 1798. Under this law, the president could deport any alien who was deemed dangerous.

Deportation

• In the 1980s and 1990s an increasing number of illegal immigrants from South and Central America, Haiti, and Cuba tried to enter the United States.

• Today, deportations hit a record high in the United States, nearly 393,000 people in the fiscal year that ended Sept. 30

Deportation: United States

French Roma Deportations• Program initiated in July

2010 by the government of France to repatriate thousands of Romanian and Bular-garian Roma as part of a crackdown on illegal camps in the country.

• Is "the movement, migration, or scattering of people away from an established or ancestral homeland” or "people dispersed by whatever cause to more than one location"[ or "people settled far from their ancestral homelands".

• Diasporic cultural development often assumes a different course from that of the population in the original place of settlement. Over time, remotely separated communities tend to vary in culture, traditions, language, and other factors.

Diaspora

Diaspora

Coalition for Human Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles(CHIRLA) Mission – “To advance the human and civil rights of

immigrants and refugees, promote harmonious multi-ethnic and multi-racial human relations, and empower immigrants and their allies to build a more just and humane society.”

What they do Educate Community Organizing Advocate

Federal work State work Local work

Central American Resource Center (CARECEN) Mission – “To empower Central Americans by defending human and civil

rights, working for social and economic justice and promoting cultural diversity.”

Types of programs Legal Services Educational programs Civil participation Day laborer center

Advocates Immigration Reform Educational Reform

Obamas Plan for Fixing the Immigration System• Securing our borders• Prevent the hiring and

exploitation of undocumented workers

• Create a legal immigration system that reflects our values and diverse needs.

• Hold those who are here illegally accountable

WHY IS THE IMMIGRATION REFORM ONCE MORE IN CONGRESS?

• Since President Barack Obama was re-elected with a lot of support from Latino voters, many Republicans have showed a new willingness to work with Democrats to pass immigration reform after years of legislative inaction.

Pros of Immigration Reform• Increases U.S. GDP by at least 0.84 percent. Or $1.5 trillion

cumulative increase in GDP over 10 years, which includes $1.2 trillion in consumption and $256 billion in investment

• The benefits of additional GDP will help sectors such as textiles, electronic equipment, and construction

• Increased tax revenues of $4.5-$5.4 billion in the first three years.

• Higher personal income would also generate increased consumer spending—enough to support 750,000–900,000 jobs

• Experience shows that legalized workers open bank accounts, buy homes, and start businesses, further stimulating the U.S. economy

CONS of a Immigration Reform

• Job competition. Opponents of immigrant hiring assert that immigrants take jobs away from U.S. citizens.

• Population concerns. A major concern in immigration reform is overpopulation.

• Burden on infrastructure. Critics also point out that immigration dramatically impacts the educational system and other existing infrastructure

More People Are in Favor

How could we make it pass?

• Inform People• Call your representatives• Organize People • Looking to the Past, Marches helps let the

voice of the people to be heard• www.dreamacthelp.weebly.com