Imp

eria

l Tre

asur

esA

rcha

ic B

ronz

es fr

om th

e G

olde

n A

ge o

f Chi

na

imperial treasuresArchaic Bronzes from the Golden Age of china

御雅居

吉金御賞

前言吉金御賞，第一卷收錄了海外私人收藏的 29件中國古代青銅器，有部份是未經著錄和發表的。這些藏

品，各具特色，是從古代青銅器不同門類的造型，挑選其中的精品，再結集成書。所含器物的年代，由商

代晚期起始，下至西漢時代，鑄造時間距今超過二、三千年。在商周時期，青銅器是專用作為王室貴族統

治階級宴饗和祭祀的禮器，其鑄造的規格、使用的數量、以至使用者的身份，都有非常嚴格的規定，所以

青銅器並不單純是青銅時代的使用器，它實際反映著一個時代統治階級的象徵，是統治權威的體現，特別

是帶有銘文的銅器，一篇銘文就是一篇《尚書》，具有很深層次的政治價值和歷史含義。如果說，宋元明清

瓷器收藏要講究分辨“官窯”和“民窯”，那麼青銅器收藏便沒有這個問題，原因很簡單，因為夏、商、周三

代鑄造的每一件青銅禮器，都是“官窯”，民間根本沒有鑄造和使用青銅器的能力和權利。

青銅器的製造技術要求，較諸陶器、瓷器、玉器、漆器等其他門類，也相對較高。從全方位尋找銅

礦、鉛礦、錫礦開始，到冶煉正確比例的青銅合金、設計和創造形制、刻範做模、澆鑄銅液，最後開範取

器、精細打磨，每一件青銅器的製作，都經過一系列精密而繁複的工序。這集合傾國之力、巧匠神工而創

造的珍品，確實並非其他門類的藝術品可以比擬。除了製造門檻較高，青銅器作為上古“黃金時代”遺留下

來的文物，對後世演化的藝術品有很深遠的影響，可以說，商周銅器就是這些後世藝術品模仿的母本，像

從宋代開始到清代的官窯瓷器、及明清兩代的掐絲琺瑯等，皆有大量模仿商周銅器的形制。中國的收藏傳

統，以金、石、書、畫為大宗，代表青銅器的“金”位列首選。作為中華文化原創的商周銅器，一直是歷代

帝王家和士大夫珍藏的重器，其藝術的原創性、所含歷史的價值，都要遠高於其他後世的模仿品。

儒家以夏、商、周三代為上古“黃金時代”的復古主義，主宰著中國封建時代二千多年來在物質文化和

人文藝術方面的審美標準。但時至今日，隨著新中國社會價值的建立，復古主義已被摒棄，連帶傳統的審

美標準也一併被忽略。現今社會大眾收藏的主調，亦由以往崇尚古典的文人審美標準，轉而傾向淺白的世

俗工藝品，他們只追求收藏品完璧無瑕、美輪美奐，而沒有適當關注藏品背後的文化意義和歷史價值，更

分不清收藏歷史文化藝術和工藝品的分別。吉金御賞，除了希望讓大家有機會欣賞難得一見的青銅器珍品

外，更寄望這上古“黃金時代”遺留給全世界人文藝術的瑰寶，能夠重新得到收藏界的關注和認同，讓這富

有歷史韻味的青銅文化，走進殿堂和有品味的收藏者家中，世世代代永寶。

最後要感謝陝西師範大學歷史文化學院張懋鎔教授，在百忙之中抽空為西周中期的伯句簋撰寫考釋，

並完整地搜集了該特殊形制器所有已知的相似品，以備各家參考，特此致謝。

御雅居

2012年 5月

伯句簋考證張懋鎔

（陝西師範大學歷史文化學院 教授）

【一】伯句簋一件，有蓋。通高 19、兩耳間距

23、口徑 18.8釐米。（圖一、圖二）口部略微內斂，頸腹不分，下腹鼓起，腹部略呈梯

形，最大腹徑接近底部。蓋沿有一段直壁，

蓋面隆起，上有圈形捉手。口沿兩側設獸首

小環耳，原本應套有環耳，已丟失。圈足較

低矮，圈足上附有四個獸首小短足。器蓋和

器口沿下飾一周長鼻夔龍紋，圈足飾以斜角

雲紋，均以雲雷紋襯地。器內底與蓋內鑄有

對銘 4行 22字：（圖三）

白（伯）句作寶 （簋），其

朝夕用盛稻、京、

（穛），其用享於

尹人 倗友。

在這裏，對銘文做一點解釋。

器主伯句在以往金文中未見，從而新增

添了一位金文人物。

在“用盛稻、京、 （穛）”一句中，“稻”

字的寫法比較特別，與曾伯 簠近。 字

亦見於 1977年陝西扶風縣黃堆鄉雲塘村窖藏出土的伯公父簠，其銘曰：“用成（盛）

（穛）、稻、需（糯）、粱”。（注 1）（圖四，集成

04628）。《說文•七上》“ ，早取榖也”。

《禮記•內則》“稰穛”注云：“熟獲曰稰，生

獲曰穛”。段玉裁謂 即經籍之“穛”字，亦作

“穱”。張衡《南都賦》：“冬稌夏穱，隨時代

熟。”劉良注：“穱，麥也。”可見銘文中的

當指早熟之麥。

“京”字作何解釋，則需要梳理相關銘文。

圖一

圖二

圖四

圖三

以上銘文中以“盛稻、粱”最為常見，食

物品種多者達 4種，如伯公父簠“用盛穛、稻、糯、粱”，或如弭仲簠“用盛秫、稻、

穛、粱。”（圖五）伯紳簋的銘文中食物品種

是“粱、稻、 （穛）”三種，（圖六、圖七）與

本器最為接近。依以上諸例例之，伯句簋銘

中的“京”字應是“粱”的通假字。“京”字上

古屬耕部韻，“粱”是陽部韻，耕部韻與陽部

韻可以旁轉。從“京”之字多讀如“粱”音，如

涼、晾、諒、椋、倞、輬、綡、鍄、諒。《禮

記•樂記》：“子諒之心”，《韓詩外傳》：“子

諒”作“慈良”。

“尹人”一詞也見於妊小簋：“白（伯）艿

父事（使）口犢（覿）尹人于齊師，妊小從。”

（集成 04123）還有萬諆觶：“萬諆乍（作）茲觶，用享 尹人，配用□，侃多友。”（集成

06515）《爾雅•釋言》“尹，正也。”這裏的“尹人”是複數，指諸尹，即泛指伯句的諸位

長官。（注 2）“倗友”是指自己的同僚、同志，

如 曹鼎銘：“用鄉（饗）倗（朋）友”。

伯紳簋銘曰：“白（伯）紳乍（作）寶

（簋），其朝夕用盛粱、稻、 （穛），其用 正、御史、倗友、尹人，其用 眉壽萬

年。”尹人排在“正”與“御史”之後，可見其

地位並不很高，稍高於器主而已。

伯句簋的銘文內容並不難懂。大意是說

伯句鑄造這件銅簋，早晚用來盛放稻、粱、

麥之類的食物，來宴享自己的長官與朋友。

伯句簋器形大方，紋飾凹凸分明，銘文

字形秀美遒勁，篇幅不長，但有一定內容，

器表紅斑、綠鏽和藍鏽交相輝映，古樸典

雅，是一件品質上乘的青銅器。

先將資料羅列如下：

1. 伯 （紳）簋（西周中期）： “用盛粱、稻、 （穛）。”（金文通鑒 05383）2. 叔奐父  （西周晚期）： “用 稻、穛、需（糯）、粱。”（新收 41）3. 伯公父簠（西周晚期）： “用成（盛）（穛）、稻、需（糯）、粱。”（集成 04628）4. 史免簠（西周晚期）： “用盛稻、粱”。（集成 04579）5. 弭仲簠（西周晚期）： “用成（盛）朮（秫）、稻、 （穛）、粱。”（集成 04627）6. 邿召簠（春秋早期）： “用實稻、粱。”（新收 1042）7. 叔家父簠（春秋早期）： “用盛稻、粱。”（集成 04615）8. 叔朕簠（春秋早期）： “以 稻、粱。”（集成 04620）9. 曾伯 簠蓋（春秋早期）： “用盛稻、粱。”（集成 04632）10. 叔原父甗（春秋早期）： “用饎稻、粱。”（集成 00947）11. 王孫叔口甗（春秋時期）： “以口稻、粱。”（金文通鑒 03363）

圖五

圖六

圖七

【二】伯句簋與一般的銅簋不一樣，形制比較

特別。與它相似的器物不多，目前只見有

簋、仲州簋、仲競簋、大作大中簋、伯紳

簋等五件銅器。 簋現藏北京保利藝術博物

館。（注 3）通高 22.5、口徑 18釐米，比伯句簋略高一點。其形制除了雙耳為半環耳外，

與伯句簋極為相似，腹部正視圖也略呈梯

形。蓋沿和器腹飾分尾鳥紋帶，這一點與伯

句簋不同，但圈足飾三角雲雷紋，則與伯句

簋相同。（圖八） 簋的器主 可不是一位一

般的貴族，據研究他與河南平頂山 84號墓出土的應侯 的主人應侯 是同一個人，是

應國的國君，地位很高。（圖九、圖十）李家

浩先生認為 簋的年代早於應侯 ，有可

能早到穆王時期，其說可信。（注 4）所以伯句

簋的年代亦可能早到穆王時期。

仲州簋系 1949年以前陝西岐山縣薄村一村民在本縣京當一帶購得，1981年 4月捐獻給岐山縣博物館。（注 5）高 12、口徑 18、腹深 10釐米，大小與伯句簋相仿。仲州簋失蓋，但形制較 簋更像伯句簋。同樣是腹壁

斜直，上窄下寬，同樣是銜環獸首耳，並丟

失環耳，同樣是圈足下連鑄四條獸面扁足，

同樣是口沿下飾長鼻獸紋，不同的僅僅是仲

州簋的圈足飾變形鳥紋。（圖十一、圖十二）

內底鑄銘文 5字：“中（仲）州乍（作）寶（簋）”。（圖十三）簡報作者認為該器年代在

西周晚期，吳鎮烽先生在《金文通鑒》（編號

04226）中指出仲州簋是西周中期器物，當以吳說為是。

圖八

圖九 圖十

圖十一 圖十二

圖十三

仲競簋也是一件四足簋，形態與伯句簋

相近，唯簋耳與較大差別。（圖十四）其銘文

曰：“中（仲）競乍（作）寶 （簋），其萬年子

子孫永用。”（集成 03783）（圖十五）唐蘭認為是穆王時器，可以信從。（注 6）

大作大中簋是一件三足簋，除足之外，

其他方面與伯句簋很相似。（圖十六）從銘文

字體來看，行文佈局像剌鼎，與伯句簋的年

代相去不遠。（圖十七）唐蘭就將它放在穆王

銅器中。（注 7）

六件簋中，數伯紳簋與伯句簋最像。伯

紳簋通高 19.3、口徑 19.2釐米，尺寸與伯句簋最接近。伯紳簋也是頸腹不分，腹壁較

直，口沿兩側設獸首小環耳，蓋面隆起，上

有圈狀捉手，圈足較矮，其上連鑄 4個獸面小柱足。紋飾的種類與佈局也很一致。蓋面

及口沿下飾象鼻夔龍紋，均以雲雷紋填地，

圈足飾三角形雲雷紋。唯一不同的是伯句

簋的下腹鼓出，而伯紳簋的下腹沒有鼓出。

伯紳簋的環耳尚在，形制上更為完整。（圖

十八）從銘文可知，伯紳簋與新近著錄的紳

鼎為同人之器，差別是前者器主名前冠有排

行。（圖十九）紳鼎銘文中的人物有密叔，密

叔也見於 鼎銘文：“密叔右（佑） 即立，”

密叔還見於虎簋蓋銘文：“密叔入右（佑）虎

即立（位）”。虎簋蓋鑄於三十年，應是周穆

王三十年，虎簋蓋是穆王晚期的銅器。 鼎

銘文沒有鑄造年份，但與虎簋蓋相比，年代

十分接近，亦應為穆王晚期的銅器。伯紳簋

應為穆王晚期的銅器，所以伯句簋的年代也

與之相近。（注 8）

圖十四

圖十七

圖十八

圖十九

圖十六

圖十五

【三】伯句簋的價值在形制與銘文上。

如前所言，伯句簋、 簋、仲州簋、仲競簋、大作大中簋與伯紳

簋是六件形制比較特別的銅簋。它們有一個共同的特點，即器足的

內側已凹陷，與西周早期銅器的柱形足不同，所以它們不可能早到

西周早期，換言之，它們是穆王開始新出現的銅簋形制。它們主要

流行在西周中期，多半在穆王時期。以前曾有人將大作大中簋放在

西周晚期，現在看來是不合適的。正因為其流行時間較短，所以時

代特徵明顯，所起的斷代作用較高。

它們流行時間不長，但對後世影響很大。一是它們的短足，很有

特點，與穆王以前盛行的長足簋不同，而穆王以後的簋多數是這樣

的短足簋。二是它們的小環耳，自商代晚期以來到西周早期，主要

流行較大的半環耳簋。這種小環耳簋的出現，令人耳目一新。它們

盛行在西周中晚期，對春秋戰國流行的小環耳、鋪首銜環耳的產生

也有一定的影響。我們曾說過穆王時期是器物大發展的時期，由此

可見一斑。

與伯句簋形制相近的簋至少有五件，但只有伯句簋與伯紳簋的

銘文告訴我們它的功能是盛放稻、粱、麥，這是伯句簋、伯紳簋特

別有價值的一點。在所有銅簋中，也只有這兩件簋告訴我們它的功

能，這是否與這種簋的形制特殊有關，值得關注。

在沒有發現伯句簋與伯紳簋之前，盛稻、粱、 的內容見於銅

簠、 與甗的銘文，但不見於銅簋。這次在伯句簋與伯紳簋上看到

盛稻、粱、 的內容，是很有意義的事情。從以上事例，我們不難

看出，伯句簋與伯紳簋是目前所見最早記錄具有盛稻、粱、麥功能

的銅器。

《詩經•秦風•權輿》：“於我乎每食四簋。”鄭玄注云：“內方

外圓曰簋，以盛黍稷；外方內圓曰簠，用貯稻、粱。”後世學者遂認

為簋與簠的功能不同，有嚴格區分。現在來看，這種認識顯然缺乏

依據，伯句簋、伯紳簋的銘文證明銅簋也能夠盛放稻、粱。我們曾

經說過簠、 系由簋派生出來，功能相同或近似，伯公父簠、史免

簠、 叔奐父 等與伯句簋、伯紳簋一樣能夠盛放稻、粱，這又一

次證明了我們的觀點是可靠的。（注 9）

2012年 3月 29日於陝西師範大學中國青銅文化研究中心

注釋

1. 周原考古隊：《周原出土伯公父簠》，《文物》1982年 6期 87頁。

2. 張亞初、劉雨：《西周金文官制研究》56-57頁，中華書局，1986年。

3. 保利藏金編輯委員會：《保利藏金》73-78頁，嶺南美術出版社，1999年。

4. 保利藏金編輯委員會：《保利藏金》77頁，嶺南美術出版社，1999年。

5. 祁健業：《岐山縣博物館近幾年來徵集的商周青銅器》，《考古與文物》

1984年 5期 11頁。6. 唐蘭：《西周青銅器銘文分代史征》

395頁，中華書局，1986年。7. 唐蘭：《西周青銅器銘文分代史征》

375-376頁，中華書局，1986年。8. 張懋鎔：《新出金文與穆王銅器斷

代》，待刊。

9. 張懋鎔：《試論中國古代青銅器器類之間的關係》，《華學》第八輯，紫禁

城出版社，2006年。

14

青銅獸面紋爵（ 父爵）商代晚期　　　通高 : 1 7 . 5 厘米　流與尾間距 : 1 4 . 8 厘米

青銅爵是夏、商、周時期的禮器，是中國最早出現的溫酒器及飲酒器。此爵口沿前端設有狹

長的流，另一邊是呈尖形的尾，爵身深腹圜底，下接外撇的三錐足。口沿與流的接駁位置上

設一對菌形立柱，柱頂上飾圓渦紋。口沿下與腹部連接着弧形牛首鋬。腹部飾一道分解式獸

面紋，獸眼凸起。通器基本以淡綠色淺鏽覆蓋，形制規整，紋飾精細，保存良好。鋬內腹壁

上鑄有銘文兩字： 父。

類似這種分解式獸面紋，盛行於殷墟二期至四期。上海博物館藏旅爵，除鋬上沒飾獸首外，

其餘形制、紋飾與此器幾乎一致，詳見中國青銅器全集編輯委員會編：《中國青銅器全集》，

北京：文物出版社，1993-1998年，第三冊，第 22號，頁 22。

源流：

1. 歐洲私人舊藏品

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Jue,with AnimAl mAsk PAttern And inscriPtionlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 17.5 cm / l: 14.8 cm

The U-shaped body supported on three triangular blade feet, cast with two dissolved taotie animal masks on body, symmetrically divided by a vertical flange, with raised eyes on a finely cast angular spiral pattern as background known as leiwen, a guttered spout flanked by two posts set with conical ‘fire-whorl’ medallions, one side set with a loop handle issuing from a bovine mask with an inscription of two pictograms beneath, overall in a malachite-green patina

Jue was one of the earliest invented forms of archaic bronzes in China, and it was used mostly by nobility as a wine warming vessel or a drinking cup. Similar taotie masks in such a dissolved form are commonly found on archaic bronzes in phase II to phase IV of Anyang period. For a nearly identical piece, see Lu Jue in the Shanghai Museum illustrated in Zhongguo qingtong qi quanji (Complete Collection of Bronze wares in China), 1993-1998, vol.3, no.22, p.22.

ProVenAnce

1. Formerly in a european Private collection

16

青銅獸面紋爵商代晚期　　　通高 : 1 8 厘米　流與尾間距 : 1 6 厘米

此器呈圓卵形器腹，腹部較深，下接外撇的三錐足，在口沿上靠近流的地方設有一對菌形立

柱，柱頂稍高，飾圓渦紋。此器紋飾繁華瑰麗，不僅佈滿腹部，更遍及流和尾的底部。腹身

飾獸面紋，以雲紋填滿，獸面中間鑄有扉棱作鼻，雙瞳突出。口沿底下則飾有三角紋，爵流

底部飾有雲紋。器身側面的鋬上飾有牛首。整器銅質保存狀況較好，屬稀見的黑漆古，局部

表面有綠繡。

1983年河南安陽大司空村東南m663墓曾出土相近紋飾和形制的殷墟二期晚段銅爵（83Asm663:54），見中國社會科學院考古研究所、安陽市文物考古研究所編：《殷墟新出土青銅器》，昆明：雲南人民出版社，2008年，第 29號，頁 101。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Jue,with AnimAl mAsk PAtternlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 18 cm / l: 16 cm

Deep U-shaped body supported on three blade-form tapering legs, cast around the sides with two dissolved taotie animal masks with raised prominent eyes on a fine leiwen spiral ground, all divided by notched ridges, upright blades and triangular spirals decorated below the flared rim, the spout flanked by a pair of capped finials set with conical ‘fire-whorl’ medallions, upon one leg set with a loop handle issuing from a bovine head, shiny black patina with areas of malachite and azurite encrustation

An archaeological sample in very similar design to this piece is a bronze jue (83ASM663:54) from phase IIB of Anyang period, excavated in Tomb M663 Southeast of Dasikong Village, Anyang, Henan in 1983, see Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Science (CASS) et al., eds., Yinxu xin chu tu qing tong qi (Ritual Bronzes Recently Excavated in Yinxu), 2008, no.29, p.101.

18

青銅浮雕獸面紋觚

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, Gu, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern in relieFlAte shAnG dynAsty c. 1300-1046 B.c.

商代晚期　　　通高 (h): 29.8 cm　口徑 (d): 16.7 cm

20

青銅浮雕獸面紋觚商代晚期　　　通高 : 2 9 . 8 厘米　口徑 : 1 6 . 7 厘米

青銅觚盛行於商代至西周早期，是高級的飲酒器及禮器。此器敞口呈喇叭形，長頸，腰腹收

窄，弧線優美，折足，足部外撇。器身紋飾分為三段，均以淺浮雕紋飾襯以雲紋作地；上段

先飾蕉葉紋，下飾一道相對的蛇紋；中段飾一周獸面紋，有四條扉棱對稱分布，與下段圈足

上的四條扉棱位置相應；圈足亦飾獸面紋，獸角作曲折式，以雲雷紋填地，上有一道左右相

對的夔龍紋；腹部與圈足之間前後兩面均有十字鏤孔。此器屬於西方品評中最高規格的三層

紋飾器，雲雷紋在地，各組獸面、夔龍及蛇紋均作浮雕凸出，眼睛再從身上凸起，其身上再

飾有一層雲雷紋及鱗紋，層次分明，立體感非常強烈。整器銅質富光澤，金屬厚重，是難得

的精品。

形制紋飾相似的考古品，可以參考：1985年山西靈石旌介m1墓出土的銅觚（m1:16），詳見山西省考古研究所編：《靈石旌介商墓》，北京：科學出版社，2006年，頁 62-63，圖68-70。

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, Gu, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern in relieFlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c.      h: 29.8 cm / d: 16.7 cm

Of slender form rising from a hollow base to a trumpet mouth, the neck crisply cast with four tapering blades rising from a band of angular snake motifs, with two taotie animal masks divided and separated by narrow notched flanges on the center section and on the spreading foot, those on the foot with prominent eyes and brows, set below a band of two pairs of confronted dragons, all in relief and reserved on layers of finely cast leiwen sprial ground, overall in a silverery patina with areas of green malachite encrustation

Gu is one of the important types of bronze wares in the Shang dynasty, and it was commonly used as a ritual wine containing and drinking vessel by royal families or high ranking nobilities. A bronze gu with very similar decoration and design excavated in 1985 from Tomb M1 in Jingjie, Lingshi, Shanxi, and now in the Shanxi Museum, is illustrated in Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology ed., Lingshi Jingjie Shang mu (The Shang Dynasty Burial Sites at Jingjie near Lingshi), 2006, pp.62-63, pl.68-70.

22

青銅提梁鴞卣

A Very rAre ArchAic Bronze douBle-owl Form coVered Vessel, XiAoyoulAte shAnG dynAsty c. 1300-1046 B.c.

商代晚期　　　通高 (h): 16 cm　闊 (w): 13 cm

24

青銅提梁鴞卣商代晚期　　　通高 : 1 6 厘米　闊 : 1 3 厘米

青銅卣盛行於商代晚期至西周早期，是高級的盛酒禮器。此卣作兩鴞相背的式樣，有蓋，蓋上有棱形鈕，兩

側有角上翹。卣身豐滿，自頸部以下外侈，底內斂較平，下承粗壯四足。頸部兩側設環耳，用以連接一條拱

形繩索狀提梁。卣蓋上飾兩組朝向外的鴞鳥面臉，兩側上翹的角又成了鴞鳥鉤喙，卣身飾鴞鳥羽翼。鴞鳥神

態非常高貴典雅，這種將動物形象與器物造型巧妙地融為一體的設計思想，反映了高度的藝術創造和當時高

超的設計水平。器蓋內壁及器身內底各鑄有銘文三字：祖、山、兄。

鴞卣只見於商代晚期，是非常罕有的青銅器造型，在國內博物館收藏的數量不及十件，上海博物館收藏的

徒卣與此器最相似，見陳佩芬編：《夏商周青銅器研究》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2004年，夏商篇下，第152號，頁 310-311；1999年河南安陽苗圃北地m229墓出土的殷墟二期晚段鴞卣（99APnm229:16），形制亦相似，惟蓋鈕作四阿屋頂形，見中國社會科學院考古研究所、安陽市文物考古研究所編：《殷墟新出

土青銅器》，昆明：雲南人民出版社，2008年，頁 120-121，圖 39-40；1957年山西石樓二郎坡亦曾出土相似的鴞卣，但不設提梁，見山西省文物局編：《山西文物館藏珍品：青銅器》，太原：山西人民出版社，

1995年，頁 25，第 36號。

A Very rAre ArchAic Bronze douBle-owl Form coVered Vessel, XiAoyoulate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 16 cm / w: 13 cm

Of oval section, well cast in the form of two addorsed owls, their plump bodies forming the vessel, raised on four stout legs ending in clawed feet and crisply cast in soft relief with four simplified wings of simple curvilinear outline sweeping back from their rounded breasts to a pair of rings attached to a rope-twist handle, the domed cover cast at each end with a well-defined owl’s head represented by a short, hooked beak, domed circular eyes with recessed pupils, large C-scroll horns with tips cast in high relief, all below a central conical knob, the interior and cover each cast with an inscription of three pictograms, meaning “grandfather”, “mountain” and “elder brother” respectively, with a general black patina and some areas of malachite encrustation

Vessels of this unusual addorsed owl shape appear to have been made primarily during the Anyang period. The design is highly artistic in skillfully combining the pragmatic vessel shape with an animal sculpture. It is a rare masterpiece that truly reflect the elegancy and aesthetics of ancient China, a symbol of climax and maturity in art innovation and metal casting.

Xiaoyou is an extreme rare type of archaic bronze, and from a quantitative study of such pieces, there are less than ten among all the museums in China, with a nearly identical one being Tu You in the Shanghai Museum, illustrated in Chen Peifen ed., Xia Shang Zhou qing tong qi yan jiu (Research on Bronzes of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties), 2004, Xia-Shang vol.2, no.152, pp.310-311. Another similar piece (99APNM229:16), with its knob on cover in hipped roof design rather than conical, comes from the archaeological find in Tomb M229 at North Site of Miaopu, Anyang, Henan in 1999, see Institute of Archaeology CASS et al., eds., Yinxu xin chu tu qing tong qi (Ritual Bronzes Recently Excavated in Yinxu), 2008, pp.120-121, pl.39-40. Another similar example, but with its handle missing, is the famous one excavated in 1957 from Erlangpo, Shilou, Shanxi, included in the exhibition, The Genius of China, Royal Academy of Art, London, 29 September 1973 - 23 January 1974, no. 81; also see Cultural Relics Bureau of Shanxi Province ed., Shanxi wen wu guan cang zhen pin: Qing tong qi (Selected Cultural Relics from Local Museums in Shanxi: Bronzes), 1995, p.25, no.36.

28

青銅獸面紋斝商代晚期　　　通高 :   3 0 . 5 厘米　口徑 :   1 7 . 5 厘米　橫寬 :   1 9 厘米

青銅斝盛行於商代至西周中期，是高級的溫酒禮器。此器敞口，口沿上立一對方形柱，上設

圓帽形頂，雙柱高聳，帽身飾三角紋。器束頸，鼓腹，底部微向外突，呈圓罐狀，下連三棱

形錐足，足尖外撇。腹部一側有半圓鋬，頸部下飾一道獸面紋帶，中間有淺扉棱作鼻。通器

表面覆蓋綠鏽，間有紅斑，銅質精良，保存完好。器體作圓罐形的斝，盛行於殷墟一、二

期。

與此器形制相近的考古品，可以參考：河南羅山蟒張一號墓出土的銅斝，詳見信陽地區文管

會、羅山縣文化館：〈河南羅山縣蟒張商代墓地第一次發掘簡報〉，《考古》，1981年第2期，圖版叁：3。

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, JiA, with AnimAl mAsk PAtternlate shang dynasty, c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 30.5 cm / d: 17.5 cm / w: 19 cm

Raised on three slightly outstretching blade feet, the S-curved body cast with a band of elongated taotie masks with raised eyes centered on narrow flanges, with a pair of capped rectangular posts decorated with conical whorl motifs and triangular patterns set upon the circular mouth rim, along with a loop handle set on side of the body, with overall malachite encrustation

Jia was used as a wine warmer for ritual ceremonies by high ranking nobilities from the Shang dynasty to mid Western Zhou, and for this particular type of S-curved body jia, it was commonly found in phase I to II of Anyang period, circa 13th century BC. An archaeological sample of very similar design, found in Luoshan, Henan, is illustrated in Kaogu (Archaeology), 1981.2, pl.3:3.

30

青銅鳥喙夔龍紋簋(盂)商代晚期　　　通高 : 1 7 . 2 厘米　口徑 : 2 7 厘米

青銅簋是盛放熟食的器皿，始見於商代，至西周時期仍十分流行。簋和鼎經常互相配合在饗宴及

祭祀時使用。此器較一般簋形器碩大，屬於商代晚期無耳簋的形制，西方學者常稱這種形制的銅

器為盂。器侈口，直腹，身呈碗狀，至底部內收，有高圈足。口沿下飾一組兩兩相對的長鳥喙夔

龍紋，中間飾有一個浮雕大獸首。圈足飾有由左右兩邊夔龍紋合成的大獸面紋，中有淺扉棱作鼻

樑。紋飾帶以雲雷紋填地，浮雕獸首放大突出，獸角卷曲，類似的浮雕大獸首同樣見於河南安陽

小屯婦好墓出土的殷墟二期 i i i式銅直腹圈足簋（m5:848），收錄於中國社會科學院考古研究所編：《殷虛婦好墓》，北京：文物出版社，1980年，圖版 17:1。

其他相似形制但體積較小的參考品，見 1980年河南安陽大司空南m539墓出土，現藏中國社會科學院考古研究所的寢出簋（80Asm539:30），詳見中國社會科學院考古研究所安陽工作隊：〈1980 年河南安陽大司空村m539 發掘簡報〉，《考古》，1992 年第 6期，圖版肆：1。

青銅簋不單展示了古代中國的飲食文化，更是體現古代社會階級制度嚴密性的重要遺存，蘊含著

珍貴的歷史文化內涵及工藝技術價值。

源流：

1. 傳河南安陽出土2. 美國德克薩斯州私人舊藏品

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, yu (Gui), with kui drAGon PAtternlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 17.2 cm / d: 27 cm

The deep rounded body in bowl shape supported on a high splayed foot, below the everted rim cast with three large horned beast heads in relief, each flanked by two pairs of curled-beak dragon motifs, the foot cast with three taotie masks, each composed of two lateral view of the animal terminating at ends with another dragon head symmetrically divided by a narrow flange at centre, with raised eyes and all reserved on a neat spiral leiwen ground, metal in a greenish grey tone with an overall cuprite patina and large areas of malachite encrustation

Gui was a ritual vessel for containing cooked food and sacrifices. It was first used in the Shang dynasty, usually accompanied with ding, for banquets and ritual ceremonies. For this particular type of gui, comparatively larger in size with no loop ears on sides, Western and Japanese scholars usually referred it as yu.

A very similar piece in shape and design, also cast with the same type of beast heads below the rim, is a gui (M5:848) from phase II of Anyang period excavated from the famous tomb of Fuhao, consort of King Wu Ding, in Xiaotun, Anyang, Henan in 1976, illustrated in Institute of Archaeology CASS, Yinxu Fuhao mu (Tomb of Lady Hao at Yinxu in Anyang), 1980, pl.17:1. Another similar piece but smaller in size is Qin Chu Gui (80ASM539:30) excavated in Tomb M539 at South Site of Dasikong Village, Anyang, Henan in 1980, see Kaogu (Archaeology), 1992.6, pl.4:1.

ProVenAnce

1. Found at Anyang, henan (by repute)

2. collection of a Private collector in texas, u.s.A.

32

青銅獸面紋盤（舉父丁盤）

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, PAn, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern And inscriPtioneArly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c.

西周早期　　　通高 (h): 13 cm　口徑 (d): 35.8 cm

34

青銅獸面紋盤（舉父丁盤）西周早期　　　通高 :   1 3 厘米　口徑 :   3 5 . 8 厘米

此器侈口，折沿，深腹，高直壁圈足，折足。口沿下和圈足均飾一周歧尾夔龍紋，夔龍左右

相對，結合而成一組完整的獸面紋，圓眼突出，紋飾上下一致。腹上的主紋中間飾以一個淺

浮雕獸首，圈足上對應位置有淺扉棱象徵獸面的鼻樑。通器被一層薄薄的銅綠鏽覆蓋。盤內

底部鑄有銘文 3字：舉父丁。

形制相近的高圈足青銅盤，可以參看：1991年陝西涇陽高家堡出土商末周初銅盤（91sJGm4:15），陝西省考古研究所編：《高家堡戈國墓》，西安：三秦出版社，1995年，彩色版陸：1。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, PAn, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern And inscriPtionearly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c. h: 13 cm / d: 35.8 cm

The rounded body and the tall foot cast in shallow relief with thick bands of large animal masks constituting kui-dragons with raised large eyes symmetrically divided by a small animal head in high relief on body and a narrow flange on foot, the interior cast with an inscription of three characters that reads “Ju Fu Ding” or Father Ding of the Ju clan, with malachite and cuprite encrustation

For a similar piece from archaeological find, see the bronze pan (91SJGM4:15) excavated from Tomb M4 in Gaojiabao, Jingyang, Shaanxi in 1991, illustrated in Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology ed., Gaojiabao Ge guo mu (Graves of the Ge State at Gaojiabao), 1995, colour pl.6:1.

36

青銅圓渦龍紋三角蟬紋鼎商代晚期　　　通高 :   2 2 厘米　兩耳闊 :   1 9 厘米　口徑 :   1 8 厘米

青銅鼎盛行的時間非常長，由商代早期開始，一直延續至漢代，最初為烹煮器，後來演變為

盛食器及在饗宴和祭祀時使用的高級禮器。此器整體厚重，口徑兩側設立圜頂立耳，折沿方

唇，深腹微鼓，腹壁與圜底轉曲圓和，下承三柱足。三足粗壯，外形穩重。口沿下飾一周主

紋，主紋上有九個圓渦紋，渦紋之間有變體龍紋，龍身捲曲抽象，只剩“日”字形眼珠，下以

雲紋襯地。主紋下方飾有十五個三角蟬紋，排列規整有序，線條一絲不苟。器內鑄有氏族銘

文。

此器造形和紋飾常見於殷墟晚期出土的銅鼎。考古出土品可以參看：1986年河南安陽大司空南m29墓出土的三角龍紋鼎（m29:8），見中國社會科學院考古研究所安陽工作隊：〈1986年安陽大司空村南地的兩座殷墓〉，《考古》，1989年第 7期，圖版肆：1。1999年河南安陽劉家莊北地 1046號墓出土的圓鼎（99Alnm1046:3），見中國社會科學院考古研究所、安陽市文物考古研究所編著：《殷墟新出土青銅器》，昆明：雲南人民出版社，2008年，第 202號，頁 376。

源流：

1. 傳河南安陽出土2. 台灣私人舊藏品

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, dinG, with drAGon And cicAdA PAtternlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 22 cm / w: 19 cm / d: 18 cm

Deep rounded U-shaped body resting on three cylindrical legs, crisply cast around the exterior with a band of abstract dragons with a prominent eye divided by nine whorls in relief, above a skirt of inverted triangular lappets set with pendent cicadas in abstract form against a spiral leiwen ground, the rim set with two loop handles, a single pictogram at bottom of interior, metal in a silvery grey tone with an overall cuprite patina and malachite encrustation

Ding had been used continuously throughout the entire Bronze Age of China, from the Erlitou culture up to the Han dynasty for more than two millennia. It was first served as a cooking cauldron, and gradually transformed in later periods into a ritual vessel for containing cooked food and sacrifices.

Ding with similar design and patterns are usually found from archaeological excavations at Anyang, for example, the ding with triangular dragon pattern (M29:8), excavated in Tomb M29 at South of Dasikong Village, Anyang, Henan in 1986, illustrated in Kaogu (Archaeology), 1989.7, pl.4:1. Another similar sample (99ALNM1046:3) was excavated in Tomb M1046 at North of Liujiazhuang Village, Anyang, Henan in 1999, see Institute of Archaeology CASS et al., eds., Yinxu xin chu tu qing tong qi (Ritual Bronzes Recently Excavated in Yinxu), 2008, no.202, p.376.

ProVenAnce

1. Found at Anyang, henan (by repute)

2. collection of a Private collector in taiwan

38

青銅獸面紋鼎商代晚期　　　通高 :   2 3 . 8 厘米　兩耳闊 :   1 8 . 3 厘米　  口徑 :   1 8 . 4 厘米

立耳，侈口折唇，腹微鼓，底較平，下有三柱足，視覺上予人敦厚穩重的感覺。口沿下飾三

對帶狀歧尾夔龍紋，日字形眼睛微凸，頭上有角，龍身以兩條簡潔的線條延伸表達，末尾作

魚尾狀上鈎。每對夔龍紋以中間扉棱左右相對，整合即為一組完整的獸面紋，中以淺扉棱作

鼻，並以雲雷紋襯地。器表呈黑褐色，又稱黑漆古，口沿和雙耳有薄薄一層碧綠鏽，整體器

形厚重，具有大器的氣勢。

形制和紋飾相似的考古品，可以參考：1963年河南安陽苗圃北地m172墓出土，現藏中國社會科學院考古研究所的亞盥鼎（Pnm172:2），參看中國社會科學院考古研究所編：《殷墟青銅器》，北京：文物出版社，1985年，第 186號；1994年河南安陽大司空村東地m7墓出土，分屬殷墟四期的圓鼎（94Asm7:26），詳見中國社會科學院考古研究所、安陽市文物考古研究所編：《殷墟新出土青銅器》，昆明：雲南人民出版社，2008年，第 152號，頁296。

源流：

1. 收藏家戴潤齋（1910-1992）舊藏品

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, dinG, with AnimAl mAsk PAtternlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 23.8 cm / w: 18.3 cm / d: 18.4 cm

The deep rounded body supported on three straight columnar legs, decorated with a single frieze of hooked-tail kui dragon motifs arranged in two confronted pairs in a wiry form of triple bands, each centred on a vertical narrow flange, with heads forming a taotie mask with prominent eyes, rested on a neat spiral leiwen ground, the lipped rim set with a pair of upright handles, shiny black patina with some areas of bright green encrustation

An archaeological sample in similar pattern and design to this piece is Ya Guan Ding (PNM172:2) excavated in Tomb M172 at North Site of Miaopu, Anyang, Henan in 1963, see Institute of Archaeology CASS ed., Yinxu qing tong qi (Bronze vessels from Yinxu), 1985, no.186. Another similar example is a bronze ding (94ASM7:26) from phase IV of Anyang period, excavated in Tomb M7 at East Site of Dasikong Village, Anyang, Henan in 1994, see Institute of Archaeology CASS et al., eds., Yinxu xin chu tu qing tong qi (Ritual Bronzes Recently Excavated in Yinxu), 2008, no.152, p.296.

ProVenAnce

1. collection of J. t. tai (1910-1992)

40

青銅龍紋獸面紋瓿商代晚期　　　通高 : 2 6 厘米　腹徑 : 3 4 . 5 厘米　口徑 : 2 4 . 5 厘米

商代晚期大型青銅盛酒禮器。此器侈口，短頸，頸上飾兩道弦紋，鼓腹，下附高圈足。肩、

腹、圈足三處均飾大夔龍紋，並以雲雷紋襯地。整器由三塊陶範鑄造，鼓腹上每邊兩組相對

的夔龍紋，可合併為一個正面的獸面紋，獸目圓潤突出，精炯有神，中間以淺扉棱飾作鼻

樑，肩部飾有凸出的浮雕羊角獸首。整器的紋飾細緻有序，扉棱和浮雕獸首則增強了全器的

層次和立體感。這種富有現代藝術的風格，可謂突顯出三千多年前商代鑄匠獨有而靈巧的藝

術觸覺。全器通體綠鏽淡雅，保存狀況良好，是難得的青銅禮器精品。

商代銅瓿屬相對較稀少的器類，相似參考品可以參見 1975年陝西城固縣五郎廟出土的獸面紋瓿（1975chwt:1），詳見西北大學文博學院、陝西省文物局編：《城洋青銅器》，北京：科學出版社，2006年，圖版 35；波士頓美術館藏獸面紋瓿（08.455），收錄於陳夢家著、松丸道雄改編：《殷周青銅器分類圖錄》，東京：汲古書院，1977年，下冊，A788。

源流：

1. 日本正金銀行武內金平氏（1873-1960）舊藏品2. 日本企業家佐野隆一氏（1889-1977）舊藏品3. 日本靜岡縣三島市佐野美術館舊藏器

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Pou, with drAGon And AnimAl mAsk PAtternlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 26 cm / w: 34.5 cm / d: 24.5 cm

Of globular shape in magnificent size and swelling volume, raised on a high splayed foot, the rounded body with a waisted neck and flared rim, cast in shallow relief around the body with a main register of three large taotie masks each marked by low ridges and flanked by protruding eyes, the rounded shoulders with a narrower band of confronted dragons centering on prominent large bovine masks cast in high relief, the foot similarly decorated with dragons, all reserved on a fine spiral leiwen ground, overall in a grayish-green patina with some areas of malachite encrustation

Pou first appeared in the bronze casting repertory at the end of the Erligang phase and disappeared before the fall of Shang dynasty at Anyang. It serves as a rare and important type of wine containing vessel in early Anyang rituals and ceremonies.

An archaeological sample in similar design is a bronze pou (1975CHWT:1) excavated in Wulangmiao, Chenggu, Shaanxi in 1975, see Shaanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau et al., eds., Cheng yang qing tong qi (Bronzes of Chenggu and Yang Counties), 2006, pl.35. Another similar example can be found in the permanent collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, see Chen Mengjia, ed. Matsumaru Michio, In Shu seidoki bunrui zuroku (A Corpus of Chinese Bronzes in American Collections), 1977, vol.2, pl.A788.

ProVenAnce

1. collection of kinpei takeuchi (1873-1960), director of yokohama seikin Bank

2. collection of ryuichi sano (1889-1977)

3. collection of sano Art museum, mishima city, shizuoka, Japan

42

青銅龍紋獸面紋瓿

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Pou, with drAGon And AnimAl mAsk PAtternlAte shAnG dynAsty c. 1300-1046 B.c.

商代晚期　　　通高 (h): 26 cm　腹徑 (w): 34.5 cm　口徑 (d): 24.5 cm

44

青銅獸面紋甗（ 作祖癸甗）商代晚期　　　通高 : 4 4 . 2 厘米　兩耳闊 :   2 9 厘米　口徑 :   2 8 . 2 厘米

青銅甗為蒸煮食物的炊器，分上下兩層，中間有箅子。甑、鬲連體合鑄，器口微外侈，口徑兩側

設有立耳，深腹。自腹以下分襠，三柱足。甑部口沿下飾三組獸面紋，圍繞一周，獸面以兩足之

間為正面，以扉棱作鼻，圓眼突出。鬲部三足各飾牛首紋，眉額稍突，紋飾簡潔，牛首外貌保存

完好。甑上有紅、綠色鏽斑，饒有古意。

甑口沿內壁鑄有銘文兩行五字： 作祖癸彝。 字從必（一說從弋）從卩，是此甗的作器者，癸

是 祖父的日名，作祖癸彝就是 為祖父癸鑄造此銅器。 字於金文中並不多見，而只見用於人

名，同一字曾出現於北京故宮博物院藏的商代晚期二祀、四祀及六祀 其卣三器。

形制相近的銅甗可以參看：1978年陝西鳳翔花園村出土的商代晚期父乙甗，收錄於中國青銅器全集編輯委員會編：《中國青銅器全集》，北京：文物出版社，1993-1998年，第四卷，第 29號；上海博物館藏的商代晚期亞 甗，收錄於同書，第四卷，第 28號。

源流及著錄文獻：

1. 紐約佳士得：Fine chinese ceramics, Jades and works of Art，1987年6月4日，第9號。2. 劉雨、盧岩編：《近出殷周金文集錄》，北京：中華書局，2002年，第1冊，第155號。3. 汪濤、劉雨編：《流散歐美殷周有銘青銅器集錄》，上海：上海辭書出版社，2007年，第5號。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, yAn, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern And inscriPtionlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 44.2 cm / w: 29 cm / d: 28.2 cm

Hollow cast on top as a straight deep basin encircled by a band of kui-dragon motifs arranged in two confronted pairs, each centred on a vertical narrow flange, with heads forming a taotie mask with raised prominent eyes, set below a flaring rim with a pair of upright bail handles in twisted rope form, atop on a hollow tripod base cast with a magnificent bull mask in high relief on top of each lobed leg, the interior cast with an inscription of five characters below the rim and attached with a grated vent at bottom of the basin section, with an overall reddish-black patina and areas of malachite encrustation

The five characters read “Bi zuo zu gui yi” which literarily means Bi made this ritual vessel for his grandfather Gui. The character Bi is not commonly seen in bronze inscriptions, the others are used only as names, the same character also appears on the famous set of three bronze you dedicated to Bi Qi of late Shang dynasty, now kept in the Palace Museum in Beijing.

Yan was a steamer used in ritual ceremonies. An archaeological sample in similar design to this piece is Fu Yi Yan of late Shang dynasty that was excavated in Huayuan Village, Fengxiang, Shaanxi in 1978 as illustrated in Zhongguo qingtong qi quanji (Complete Collection of Bronze wares in China), 1993-1998, vol.4, no.29. Another similar example is a yan in the Shanghai Museum, illustrated in ibid, vol.4, no.28.

ProVenAnce & literAture

1. christie’s, new york, Fine chinese ceramics, Jades and works of Art, 4 June 1987, lot 9.

2. liu yu & lu yan, Jin chu yin zhou jin wen ji lu (collection of recently discovered Bronze inscriptions of the yin and zhou), 2002, vol.1, no.155.

3. wang tao & liu yu, liu san ou mei yin zhou you ming qing tong qi ji lu (A selection of early chinese Bronzes with inscriptions from sotheby’s and christie’s sales), 2007, no.5.

46

青銅長喙立鳥扁足鼎（子鼎）

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, dinG, with FlAttened leGs in stAndinG PhoeniX desiGn And inscriPtionlAte shAnG dynAsty c. 1300-1046 B.c.

商代晚期　　　通高 (h): 19.5 cm　兩耳闊 (w): 16.5 cm　口徑 (d): 16 cm

48

青銅長喙立鳥扁足鼎（子鼎）商代晚期　　　通高 : 1 9 . 5 厘米　兩耳闊 : 1 6 . 5 厘米　口徑 : 1 6 厘米

立鳥扁足鼎是銅鼎類中特殊的器形，非常罕見。此器平口外折，立耳，圓腹飽滿，底有三扁足。扁足作立鳥形，

鳥首昂起，頂承腹底，尾羽上挑，三足壯健有力，神態栩栩如生，與口沿下鼎腹的長尾鳳鳥紋相映成趣。鳳鳥以

粗線條的方式表達，充份表現其圓滑飽滿的身軀，以及昂首挺胸的高傲神態，可謂英氣十足，加上配以繁縟細緻

的地紋，此器的紋飾剛柔兼備，尤為難得，由此可見三千年前的商代鑄匠，已懂得把自然題材融化為青銅器上的

紋飾，可謂匠心獨具。口沿內壁鑄有銘文一字：子。

“子”就是商代王室的氏族。《史記．殷本紀》記載商始祖契助大禹治水有功，被“封于商，賜姓子氏。”商代晚期

青銅重器多有“子”銘文，如子龍（子龍大鼎）、子蝠（子蝠方彝）、子戊（子戊鼎）、子雨（子雨觚）等皆為商王之子。

相似造形的立鳥扁足鼎，見於：1958年河南洛陽伊川縣出土的子申父己鼎，收錄於洛陽市文物局、洛陽師範學院編：《洛陽出土青銅器》，北京：紫城出版社，2006 年，頁 20，圖 1；上海博物館藏 父丁鼎，見陳佩芬

編：《夏商周青銅器研究》，上海：上海古籍出版社，2004 年，西周篇上，第 216 號，頁 50-51。鳥形扁足獨特的設計風格，從商代晚期一直延續至西周早期，商末周初的考古標本可以參考：北京琉璃河墓地出土的揚鼎

（m209：28），載於北京市文物研究所：《琉璃河西周燕國墓地 1973-1977》，北京：文物出版社，1995 年，彩版九。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, dinG, with FlAttened leGs in stAndinG PhoeniX desiGn And inscriPtionlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 19.5 cm / w: 16.5 cm / d: 16 cm

A very special and rare type of bronze ding, supported by three thick flatten legs in a realistic design of standing phoenixes with raised round eyes, pricked ears, curved beaks, feathered wings, strong talons and J-shaped tails, the bowl-shaped body above with a pair of bail handles rising from the everted rim, the exterior of body cast with three pairs of bold eye phoenixes in slight relief and an abstract form of animal mask at centre, all reserved on a fine spiral leiwen ground, the interior of body beneath the rim cast with an inscription of a pictogram ‘Zi’, the metal in an overall grayish black tone with areas of green malachite encrustation

The inscription, Zi, literally means son, was the clan sign and the ancestral name of the Shang royal family. According to Shiji, or the Records of the Grand Historian, the founding ancestor of Shang, Xie, was awarded, due to his contribution in assisting flood control, the feudal state of Shang and the ancestral name of Zi. The inscription was also found on other late Shang bronzes that belonged to princes of the royal family.

Bronze ding with legs in a standing phoenix is extremely rare and appears only in a very short period from late Shang dynasty to early Western Zhou. An archaeological sample in similar design is Zi Shen Fu Ji Ding that was excavated in 1958 in Yichuan, Luoyang, Henan, illustrated in Luoyang Cultural Relics Bureau et al., eds., Luoyang chu tu qing tong qi (Bronzes excavated in Luoyang), 2006, p.20, pl.1. Another similar example is Fu Ding Ding in the permanent collection of the Shanghai Museum, illustrated in Chen Peifen ed., Xia Shang Zhou qing tong qi yan jiu (Research on Bronzes of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties), 2004, Western Zhou vol.1, no.216, pp.50-51. A similar piece, Yang Ding (M209:28), was also found in an archaeological excavation from Tomb M209 in the Yan state cemetery at Liulihe, Beijing, illustrated in Institute of Archaeology Beijing ed., Liulihe xi zhou yan guo mu di, 1973-1977 (Yan State Cemetery of the Western Zhou Period at Liulihe, 1973-1977), 1995, colour pl.9.

50

青銅獸面紋鬲鼎（父乙竹鼎）商代晚期　　　通高 : 2 1 厘米　兩耳闊 : 1 7 厘米　口徑 : 1 7 厘米

鼎口沿兩側上設立耳，腹身分襠，下承三足，足部略修長。鼎腹三襠各自飾有大獸面紋，並

以雲雷紋作地。獸面額飾菱形，粗眉大角，面相完整清晰，雙瞳稍凸，獸面兩側有一開口朝

下的倒夔龍紋，夔龍的軀幹飽滿，形態極具動感。此鼎造型穩重典雅，花紋裝飾構圖嚴謹。

口沿內壁鑄有銘文三字：父乙竹。

形制和紋飾相似的考古品，可以參看：1990年河南安陽郭家莊m160墓出土的殷墟三期分襠鼎（90郭m160:135），詳見中國社會科學院考古研究所、安陽市文物考古研究所編著：《殷墟新出土青銅器》，昆明：雲南人民出版社，2008年，頁 232-233，圖 113-114。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, dinG, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern And inscriPtionlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 21 cm / w: 17 cm / d: 17 cm

Tri-lobed body cast in low relief with three powerful taotie masks with rounded eyes and large coiled horns positioned above each of the three columnar legs and flanked by descending dragons with vertical bodies on both sides, all reserved against a neat spiral leiwen background enhanced by black niello inlay, with a pair of bail handles rising from the narrow everted rim, with an inscription of three characters “fu yi zhu”, or Father Yi of the Zhu clan, below the rim on the interior, overall in reddish-black patina with some areas of malachite encrustation

An archaeological sample in very similar design to this piece is a ding (M160:135) from phase III of Anyang period that was excavated from Tomb M160 in Guojiazhuang Village, Anyang, Henan in 1990, see Institute of Archaeology CASS et al., eds., Yinxu xin chu tu qing tong qi (Ritual Bronzes Recently Excavated in Yinxu), 2008, pp.232-233, pl.113-114.

52

青銅獸面紋鬲鼎（丙作父辛鼎）商代晚期　　　通高 : 2 3 . 5 厘米　兩耳闊 : 1 9 厘米　口徑 : 1 8 厘米

此器侈口，折唇，口沿上立一對圜耳，雙耳高挺向外微撇，鼓腹分檔，腹底下連修長的三柱

足。腹上各飾三組大獸面紋，面相飽滿，圓睛、鼻翼以及額角以浮雕造型突出其立體感；加

上卷角造型誇張，令此器更富氣勢。獸面紋兩旁亦飾口部朝下的夔龍紋，以細線雲紋襯地，

繁疏有致。此器紋飾清晰，獸面可觀，器內壁上鑄有銘文五字：丙作父辛鼎。

形制和紋飾相似的考古品，可以參看：1984年河南安陽殷墟西區m1713墓曾經出土的亞魚鼎（84AGm1713:27），詳見中國社會科學院考古研究所、安陽市文物考古研究所編著：《殷墟新出土青銅器》，2008年，第 196號，頁 366-367。

源流及著錄文獻：

1. 倫敦蘇富比：Fine chinese ceramics, works of Art & Paintings，2003年6月12日，第63號。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, dinG, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern in relieF And inscriPtionlate shang dynasty c.1300-1046 B.c. h: 23.5 cm / w: 19 cm / d: 18 cm

Of globular form with three shallow lobes standing on tubular legs, the flat everted rim with two upright loop handles, each lobe crisply cast with a powerful taotie mask, the large coiled horns sprawling above the flared nostril, the eyes formed from two prominent bosses with circular inlets simulating the pupils, separated from each other by a raised flange, flanked by dragon motifs with vertical scrolling bodies, all on a very finely cast spiral leiwen ground, the patina of a mottled malachite-green and cuprite-red, the interior cast with an inscription of five characters, “Bing zuo fu xin ding” which literarily means Bing made this vessel ding for his father Xin

An archaeological sample in very similar design to this piece is Ya Yu Ding (84AGM1713:27), which was excavated from Tomb M1713 at West Site of Anyang, Henan in 1984, see Institute of Archaeology CASS et al., eds., Yinxu xin chu tu qing tong qi (Ritual Bronzes Recently Excavated in Yinxu), 2008, no.196, pp.366-367.

ProVenAnce & literAture

1. sotheby’s london, Fine chinese ceramics, works of Art & Paintings, 12 June 2003, lot 63.

54

青銅獸面紋簋

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Gui, with AnimAl mAsk And serPent PAtterneArly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c.

西周早期　　　高 (h): 17 cm　兩耳闊 (w): 26 cm　口徑 (d): 18.5 cm

56

青銅獸面紋簋西周早期　　　高 :   1 7 厘米　兩耳闊 : 2 6 厘米　口徑 :   1 8 . 5 厘米

此簋敞口，折唇，頸至腹部直壁，下承高圈足，折足。口沿兩側設一對龍首環耳，龍首尖

喙，下有垂珥。腹壁正面起戟，飾大獸面紋，圓眼誇張，獸角凸起，立體感強，獸面正中有

較凸的扉棱；圈足上飾蛇紋，兩兩相對，折足頗高，堅實厚重，品相極為完美。

腹壁正面起戟的簋較為稀少，此類形制的簋在西周中後期發展中甚至已不多見。形制和紋飾

相近的銅器，可以參看：美國華盛頓弗利爾美術館藏獸面紋簋（編號 11.38），收錄於 J . A. Pope et al. , the Freer chinese Bronzes (1967)，第一冊，第 64號，頁 358-359。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Gui, with AnimAl mAsk And serPent PAtternearly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c. h: 17 cm / w: 26 cm / d: 18.5 cm

Raised on a high stepped foot cast with a border of eight small S-shaped snakes, the rounded body cast in relief on each side with a bold taotie mask with large eyes and enormous T-shaped horns above, symmetrically divided by a high F-shaped flange, all reserved on leiwen intaglio scrolls, with a pair of loop handles on sides emerging from a mythical beast head with raised prominent eyes and upright horns, with heavy rectangular pendants below the handles, overall in reddish-brown patina with areas of green encrustation

Bronze gui with F-shaped flanges on body are rare, all of which are dated to a period of casting no later than early Western Zhou. A museum piece (no.11.38) of similar pattern and design, now in the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., is illustrated in J. A. Pope et al., The Freer Chinese Bronzes, 1967, vol.1, no.64, pp.358-359.

58

青銅回首大鳳鳥紋簋（伯簋）

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Gui, with GrAnd PhoeniX PAttern And inscriPtioneArly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c.

西周早期　　　通高 (h): 14.5 cm　兩耳闊 (w): 29 cm　口徑 (d): 21 cm

60

青銅回首大鳳鳥紋簋（伯簋）西周早期　　　通高 : 1 4 . 5 厘米　兩耳闊 : 2 9 厘米　口徑 : 2 1 厘米

伯簋，西周早期晚段青銅盛食禮器。此器侈口，折唇，束頸，腹微微鼓脹，圈足。器身兩旁

置有虎首飾環耳，下飾象鼻形珥。頸部和圈足各飾一道回首鳳鳥紋，鳳鳥兩兩相對，頸部中

央另置有一個浮雕獸首。腹部前後各飾一對回首大鳳鳥紋，鳥首顧盼生姿，鳳冠下垂，鳥喙

內彎，鳳尾捲曲，高貴典雅，配合雲雷紋襯地，設計優美。器內底鑄有銘文 3字：伯作彝。

紋飾作大鳳鳥紋的銅簋在數量上較其他紋飾稀少，相似品可以參考：美國華盛頓弗利爾

美 術 館 藏 大 鳳 鳥 紋 簋（ 編 號 11.53）， 收 錄 於 J . A. Pope et al. , the Freer chinese Bronzes (1967)，第一冊，第 69號，頁 384-387；美國華盛頓賽克勒美術館藏靜簋（編號 s1987.329）， 載 於 Jessica rawson, western zhou ritual Bronzes from the Arthur m. sackler collections (1990)， i iB冊，第 53號，頁 424-429。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Gui, with GrAnd PhoeniX PAttern And inscriPtionearly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c. h: 14.5 cm / w: 29 cm / d: 21 cm

Raised on a stepped foot, the robust body cast on each side with a pair of grand crested phoenixes with their heads turned backwards and tails upwards, with another two pairs of elongated S-shaped phoenixes confronted across an animal head mask in relief on each side of the contracted neck below the flared rim, and identically another two pairs on each side of the stepped foot, all reserved on a spiral leiwen ground, with a pair of loop handles on sides emerging from a tiger-like beast head, with L-shaped pendants ending with Y-shaped splits below the handles, the interior cast with an inscription of three characters, “Bo zuo yi” which literarily means Bo the Duke made this vessel, overall in reddish-brown patina with areas of green encrustation

Bronze Gui with grand phoenix patterns on body are rare. A museum piece (no.11.53) of similar pattern and design, now in the Freer Gallery of Art in Washington D.C., is illustrated in J. A. Pope et al., The Freer Chinese Bronzes, 1967, vol.1, no.69, pp.384-387. Another important example is Jing Gui in the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery (S1987.329) of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C., illustrated in Jessica Rawson, Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, 1990, vol.IIB, no.53, pp.424-429.

62

青銅獸面紋尊商代晚期　　　通高 : 2 7 厘米　口徑 : 2 0 . 5 厘米

青銅尊為盛酒的禮器。此器敞口，呈喇叭形，腹微鼓，圈足外侈，有折足。腹部和足部均飾

四道扉棱，腹部飾獸面紋，以扉棱作鼻，而足部則飾左右相對的龍紋，龍口呈鳥喙狀，紋飾

均以雲紋襯地，雙眼圓突，極具視覺效果。通體銅質厚重，整體器形莊重。

相似形制和紋飾的銅尊，可以參看盧芹齋舊藏的觚形尊（盧目 1941:34），詳見陳夢家著、松丸道雄改編：《殷周青銅器分類圖錄》，東京：汲古書院，1977年，下冊，頁 698，第A422號。

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, zun, with AnimAl mAsk And PhoeniX PAtternlate shang dynasty c. 1300-1046 B.c. h: 27 cm / d: 20.5 cm

Of tall circular form with a wide trumpet mouth and raised splayed foot, the central bulb cast with a pair of taotie masks framed by two double bowstring bands, the foot cast with a pair of grand phoenixes, all on a dense spiral leiwen ground, with large raised bosses as eyes and divided flanges on four sides, with a silvery-black patina with large areas of malachite and crystalline encrustation

Bronze vessels of the zun type were made for wine containers, and were apparently used for ritual purposes. For a piece in similar design and pattern, refer to a bronze zun in the old collection of C. T. Loo as illustrated in C. T. Loo & Co., Exhibition of Chinese Arts, 1941, no.34; also illustrated in Chen Mengjia, ed. Matsumaru Michio, In Shu seidoki bunrui zuroku (A Corpus of Chinese Bronzes in American Collections), 1977, vol.2, p.698, no.A422.

64

青銅獸面紋顧龍紋尊（作寶彝尊）

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, zun, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern And inscriPtioneArly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c.

西周早期　　　通高 (h): 27.3 cm　口徑 (d): 20.5 cm

66

青銅獸面紋顧龍紋尊（作寶彝尊）西周早期　　　通高 : 2 7 . 3 厘米　口徑 : 2 0 . 5 厘米

作寶彝尊，西周早期青銅盛酒禮器。此器保存十分完整，敞口，鼓腹，高圈足底部微向外

侈，圈足下有一直沿邊。腹部上飾有外卷角大獸面紋，其上下各飾兩周弦紋。大獸面輪廓清

晰，眼作“日”字形，獸面兩旁飾顧龍紋，龍首的比例明顯比龍身大，嘴部上翹，頭上有大卷

角。西周早期的銅尊通常在獸面兩側配上長身夔龍紋或立鳥紋，顧龍紋的樣式相對少見。通

器雜有紅、綠鏽斑，斑駁交錯，饒有古意。銅尊內底鑄有銘文三字：作寶彝。

相似形制和紋飾的銅尊，可以參看：台北故宮博物院藏 士卿尊（中博： J .w.67-32），收錄於台北故宮博物院編：《故宮西周金文錄》，台北：故宮博物院，2001年，第 28號，頁 54；英國蘇格蘭 Burrell氏舊藏西周早期銅尊（編號 8.18），載於 Jessica rawson, western zhou ritual Bronzes from the Arthur m. sackler collections (1990)， i iB冊，圖79.2，頁 550。獸面兩側配立鳥紋的考古品，可以參看：1963年陝西隴縣南村周墓出土的饕餮紋尊（隴 314），載於陝西省考古研究所等編：《陝西出土商周青銅器》，北京：文物出版社，1980年，第三冊，頁 165，第 165號。

源流：

1. 比利時布魯塞爾zen Gallery（1992年）2. 歐洲私人舊藏品

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, zun, with AnimAl mAsk PAttern And inscriPtionearly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c. h: 27.3 cm / d: 20.5 cm

A well and crisply cast ritual wine vessel with a raised splayed foot and widely flaring neck, decorated on the central bulb section with two taotie masks in high relief, flanked by dragons on sides, all reserved on a spiral leiwen ground and framed by two double bowstring bands, base of interior inscribed with an inscription of three characters, “zuo bao yi”, in an overall even reddish brown cuprite patina with malachite green encrustations

A similar piece in shape and design is Ming Shi Qing Zun in the permanent collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei, illustrated in National Palace Museum ed., Gu gong Xi Zhou jin wen lu (Catalogue of Western Chou bronze inscription in the National Palace Museum), 2001, no.28, p.54. Another similar piece is a bronze zun (no.8.18) in the Burrell collection, Scotland, illustrated in Jessica Rawson, Western Zhou Ritual Bronzes from the Arthur M. Sackler Collections, 1990, vol.IIB, pl.79.2, p.550. An archaeological sample in similar design but with the animal mask flanked by standing phoenixes was found in an excavation at Nancun, Longxian, Shaanxi in 1963, and was illustrated in Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology et al., eds., Shaanxi chu tu shang zhou qing tong qi (Bronzes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties Unearthed in Shaanxi Province), 1980, vol.3, p.165, no.165.

ProVenAnce

1. zen Gallery, Brussels, Belgium (1992)

2. collection of a Private european collection

68

青銅獸首三足簋（季賞父簋）西周早期　　　通高 : 1 4 厘米   /  兩耳闊 : 2 3 厘米   /  口徑 : 1 5 . 5 厘米  

季賞父簋是西周早期器物。侈口，鼓圓腹。口沿下裝飾有弦紋，紋飾簡單典雅。器物兩道弦

紋之間鑄有浮雕獸首，增強紋飾的立體感。簋的頸部兩側鑄有獸形雙耳，雙耳扁圓幼細，耳

下各有一垂珥，底有網格紋。簋的腹部與圈足連接，圈足下則鑄有較罕見的柱形三足，三足

中間皆有突起的節。器表通體呈紅褐色，口沿和腹身雜有綠鏽。簋的腹底鑄有銘文兩行六

字：季賞父作旅簋，說明青銅簋為季賞父所製作，季賞父在已知的金文中未見著錄，是新見

的人名。鑄有銘文的季賞父簋，透過文字進一步詮釋時代及文化特徵，更顯獨特。

相似樣式和形制的銅簋，可以參考：仲子日乙簋，載於容庚：《商周彝器通考》，北平：哈佛

燕京學社，1941年，下冊，簋第 55號，圖第 252號，頁 137。形制近似的考古品，可以參看：1962年山東招遠東曲城出土的齊仲簋，詳見中國青銅器全集編輯委員會編：《中國青銅器全集》，1993-1998年，第六冊，頁 80，第 82號；1982年山西曲沃曲村m6130墓出土的回首龍紋簋，見同書，第六冊，頁 40，第 40號。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, Gui, with three leGs And inscriPtionearly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c. h: 14 cm / w: 23 cm / d: 15.5 cm

Raised on a stepped foot with three jointed legs as support below, the robust body cast with an animal head in relief on each side of the contracted neck framed by two bowstring bands below the flared rim, with a pair of loop handles on sides, each emerging from a beast head and ending with a rectangular pendant below, the interior cast with an inscription of six characters, “Ji Shang Fu zuo lu gui” which means Ji Shang Fu made this ritual gui, overall in red cuprite patina with areas of green malachite encrustation

A similar bronze gui in shape and design to this piece is Zhong Zi Ri Yi Gui, illustrated in Rong Geng, Shang Zhou yi qi tong kao (The Bronzes of Shang and Zhou), 1941, vol.2, gui no.55, pl.252, p.137. Another similar piece is Qi Zhong Gui excavated in Dong Qu Cheng, Zhaoyuan, Shangdong in 1962, illustrated in Zhongguo qingtong qi quanji (Complete Collection of Bronze wares in China), 1993-1998, vol.6, no.82, p.80. Another also from archaeological find is a gui unearthed in 1982 from Tomb M6130 in Qucun, Quwo, Shanxi, illustrated in ibid, vol.6, no.40, p.40.

70

青銅獸首龍紋四足連蓋簋（伯句簋）西周中期　　　通高 : 1 9 厘米　兩耳闊 : 2 3 厘米　口徑 : 1 8 . 8 厘米

伯句簋，西周中期青銅禮器。設倒碗形蓋，蓋附圓形把手。器身無肩，口沿兩側設獸首小環

耳，腹壁較直，至底部輕微鼓脹，下有圈足。圈足上各飾四個獸首，下連接四小短足。

整器紋飾簡潔疏朗，僅於器蓋和器口邊沿飾一道中目 s形變體龍紋，紋飾抽象簡化，下以雲紋襯地，是西周中晚期流行的紋飾；圈足則飾以斜角雲紋。器蓋覆有藍綠鏽為主，口沿下一

周主紋有天清藍鏽色，光澤怡人。器內底與蓋內鑄對銘 4行 22字，初釋如下：

伯句作寶簋其

朝夕用盛稻京

其用享于

尹人眾倗友

伯句是首見的名字，而盛稻、 的內容過去只見於銅簠的銘文，如西周晚期的史免簠和伯公

父簠，其銘文分別有“用盛稻梁”和“用盛 稻糯梁”，未見鑄於銅簋。文末的“倗 (朋 )友”，據統計在兩周銅器銘文中一共只出現二十餘次，是研究西周貴族的家族組織及形態的重要參考

資料。

四足簋在西周青銅簋設計的演變過程中，出現於早期的圈足簋過度至晚期的三足簋之間，在

設計上屬於一種摸索和試驗的性質。當三足簋的形制確立以後，四足簋便被放棄，故此四足

簋的數量遠較圈足和三足簋少。而這種腹壁較直，呈垂弛狀，類似於五年師 簋的形制更為

特殊，非常罕見。相似形制的直壁四足簋，暫只見容庚著錄其舊藏的一件缺蓋仲競簋，詳見

容庚：《頌齋吉金圖錄》，1933年，第 10號。

源流：

1. 台灣王氏舊藏品

72

ArchAic Bronze coVered Vessel, Gui, with Four leGs And inscriPtion mid western zhou c. 976-878 B.c. h: 19 cm / w: 23 cm / d: 18.8 cm

The flat beaker shaped body rising from a circular foot with four short legs beneath, the cover above set in the form of an inverted pan with a large flared grip at centre, the rim of cover and the upper section of body cast with a band of stylized S-shaped dragons, the latter reserved on a leiwen ground and intercepted by a pair of small loop ears in tiger head on sides with a bowstring band below, the short legs at bottom emerged from four animal heads on the circular foot, with each quarter section cast with a pair of abstract dragons in long diagonal spirals, the interior of cover and the base of body cast with an identical inscription of twenty-two characters, the core metal in dark green tone with an overall cuprite patina and large areas of malachite and azurite encrustation

The inscription can be translated as follows:

Bo Ju made this treasure gui. It shall be used days and nights to fill up with rice, sorghum and oat, so as to serve the supervisors, colleagues and friends.

Bo Ju was the caster of this gui, and it is the first time that his name has ever been documented in an inscription. The phrase “to fill up with rice, sorghum and oat” usually appears in an inscription on a rectangular-shaped bronze fu, but seldom appears on a gui. It reaffirms that gui is a food containing vessel, and in this case, for holding various type of grains. The mentioning of “supervisors”, “colleagues and friends” suggests an important source in reference to the study of Western Zhou family network and structure of the government bureaucracy.

Four-legged gui was a transitional design, that appeared only in a very short time between stepped foot and three-legged gui. When the latter became the norm in late Western Zhou, four-legged design was abandoned and disappeared, thus making it in much fewer number than other two types of bronze gui. Bo Ju Gui belongs to a rare shape and design, with only one comparable piece, Zhong Jing Gui, but with its cover lost, illustrated in Rong Geng, Song zhai ji jin tu lu (Bronze Catalogue of Song Zhai), 1933, no.10. Another piece in similar shape but with three legs beneath is Yan Gui, excavated in 1984 from a cache in Dingjiagou, Yaoxian, Shaanxi, illustrated in Li Xixing ed., Shaanxi qing tong qi (The Shaanxi Bronzes), 1994, no.73, p.109.

ProVenAnce

1. Formerly in the collection of the wang Family in taiwan

74

青銅鳳鳥紋貘首提梁卣（作寶彝卣）西周早期　　　通高 : 2 8 厘米　兩耳闊 : 2 3 厘米

西周早期青銅盛酒禮器。此卣扁圓，上連一條拱形提梁，提梁兩端飾貘首。器口上設倒碗形

頂蓋，與器口相扣合。蓋頂有圓形把手，兩側上翹，屬西周早期典型樣式。器身弧線優雅逶

麗，先從頸部位置下斜外侈，鼓腹後弧線向內收，最大徑和重心置於銅卣腹部偏低的位置，

下接圈足。此器紋飾精細，蓋頂和口沿分別飾有長尾鳳鳥紋，兩鳥左右相對，口沿下正中飾

浮雕貘首。鳳鳥紋瑰麗生動，係殷末周初典型的紋飾。全器通體覆有綠鏽，鼓腹和器內表面

蓋有稀見的藍斑，顏色蒼翠秀潤，全器雍容典雅。器蓋內壁和器身內底鑄有對銘“作寶彝”三

字。

形制相同的銅卣可以參考：1972年陝西扶風縣劉家村墓出土的 季遽父卣（甲卣：總九一

2238），詳見曹瑋編：《周原出土青銅器》，成都：巴蜀書社，2005年，第 6卷，頁 1176-1179；1976年陝西扶風縣雲塘村m20墓出土的西周早期作旅彝卣（76Fym20:7，總0436），見同書，第 7卷，頁 1474-1478。

源流：

1. 香港徐氏舊藏品，購於1970年代

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, you, with PhoeniX PAttern And inscriPtionearly western zhou c. 1046-977 B.c. h: 28 cm / w: 23 cm

The compressed pear-shaped body in elliptical cross section supported on a splayed foot, surmounted by a tapering cover with rectangular finials and flanked by a lateral swing handle with each of its ends cast with a head of tapir, the neck cast with a border comprising a tapir’s head in relief at centre of each side flanked by a pair of long curled phoenixes reserved on a spiral leiwen ground, the cover also cast with a same band of phoenixes and with a rounded rectangular grip on top, the interior of cover and body cast with an identical inscription of three characters, “zuo bao yi”, overall in an appealing dark milky green patina with large areas of blue azurite encrustation

A bronze you with similar design was excavated in 1972 from a Western Zhou Tomb in Liujia Village, Fufeng, Shaanxi, illustrated in Cao Wei ed., Zhouyuan chu tu qing tong qi (Bronzes from Zhouyuan), 2005, vol.6, pp.1176-1179. Another similar piece (76FYM20:7), exacavated in 1976 from Tomb M20 in Yuntang Village, Fufeng, Shaanxi, is illustrated in ibid, vol.7, pp.1474-1478.

ProVenAnce

1. collection of t. t. tsui (1970s)

76

青銅長身貫耳圓腹壺（召作父辛壺）

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, hu, in elonGAted shAPe with coVer And inscriPtionmid western zhou c. 976-878 B.c.

西周中期　　　通高 (h): 44 cm　腹闊 (w): 16.3 cm

78

青銅長身貫耳圓腹壺（召作父辛壺）西周中期　　　通高 : 4 4 厘米　腹闊 : 1 6 . 3 厘米

長身貫耳圓腹壺屬西周早期至中期早段青銅盛酒禮器，是銅壺中較少見的特殊器形。此器器

身修長，蓋頂設圓形把手，頸部微斂，左右設貫耳，鼓腹，圈足向外微撇，在貫耳相對的方

向設有兩個鏤孔。頸部飾一道細線獸面主紋，中間飾一浮雕獸首。腹身飾“田”字形寬帶網

格，十字交錯位置有突出的菱角形狀物。器身口沿內壁鑄有銘文兩行五字：召作父辛彝。

“田”字形寬帶網格的設計，可能源於華北或東北地區遊牧民族對皮革的應用，套用於長身

貫耳壺的例子殊不多見，考古品可以參看：1955年遼寧淩源縣海島營子窖藏出土的西周早期長身貫耳壺（編號 105），熱河省博物館籌備組：〈熱河凌源縣海島營子村發現的古代青銅器〉，《文物參考資料》，1955年第 8期，圖版拾，頁 23。至於形制幾近相同的考古品，可以參看：北京昌平白浮村二號墓出土的穿帶銅壺（編號 2:1），載北京市文物管理處：〈北京地區的又一重要考古收穫——昌平白浮西周木槨墓的新啟示〉，《考古》，1976年第 4期，圖版貳：4；1954年陝西長安普渡村西周墓出土的銅壺（編號 012），載陝西省文物管理委員會：〈長安普渡村西周墓的發掘〉，《考古學報》，1957年第 3期，圖版肆：3。

ArchAic Bronze wine Vessel, hu, in elonGAted shAPe with coVer And inscriPtionmid western zhou c. 976-878 B.c. h: 44 cm / w: 16.3 cm

Of elongated form, the body in bowling pin shape supported on a splayed foot, the cover with two square casting holes set in the form of an inverted cup, with a fine bovine head mask in relief at centre of each side of the neck flanked by a band of abstracted ribbon-like kui dragons against a leiwen spiral ground, ended with a pair of tubular ears on sides, all above a set of cast cross belts on body with convex pyramids at junctions, the interior of the neck cast with an inscription of five characters, “Zhao zuo fu xin yi” which meant Zhao made this vessel for Father Xin, in a silvery grey patina with areas of green malachite encrustation

Elongated bowling pin shape is a rare and special type of bronze hu that appeared only in early Western Zhou. The cross belts design was influenced and modified from belts of the nomadic cultures in northern and northeastern China. A similar bronze hu (no.105) of early Western Zhou with cross belts on body was excavated in 1955 from a cache in Haidaoyingzi, Lingyuan, Liaoning, illustrated in Wenwu can kao zi liao (Reference and Reports of Cultural Relics), 1955.8, pl.10, no.23. Another similar bronze hu (M2:1), also in bowling pin shape, was found in the excavation of Tomb M2 in Baifu Village, Changping, Beijing in 1975, illustrated in Kaogu (Archaeology), 1976.4, pl.2:4. Similar shaped piece was also found in central China, see a bronze hu (no.012) found in Pudu Village, Chang’an, Shaanxi in 1954, illustrated in Kaogu Xuebao (Acta Archaeologica Sinica), 1957.3, pl.4:3.

80

秦公方壺

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, hu,with inscriPtion dedicAted to the duke oF QinlAte western zhou / eArly sPrinG & Autumn c. 8th century B.c.

西周晚期／春秋早期　　　通高 (h): 42.3 cm　腹闊 (w): 29.3 cm

82

秦公方壺西周晚期／春秋早期　　　通高 : 4 2 . 3 厘米　腹闊 : 2 9 . 3 厘米

青銅壺為盛酒的禮器。此壺的橫截面作圓角長方形。直口，垂腹。頸部飾波曲紋，兩側有獸首銜環，扁環上飾有龍紋。腹部飾交龍

紋，腹中飾有一個高浮雕螺形角的獸首，獸首的身軀向兩側展開，與四周的龍紋反覆交纏。圈足飾獸交連紋，下設邊沿。通器形體

碩大，形制莊重，紋飾瑰麗。在造型和紋飾設計上，此方壺與中國國家博物館收藏的頌壺，及上海博物館收藏的交龍紋方壺均極其

相似，是難得一見的青銅藝術珍品。

秦公方壺是兩周之際具有重要歷史價值的青銅器。方壺的口沿內壁上，鑄有銘文兩行六字：秦公作鑄尊壺。由此可知，此方壺乃秦

國一代國君鑄造的禮器，也是現知極少數由西周最高級別地方諸侯自作的青銅器。秦國位處西垂，自西周晚期立國以後迅速崛起，

其春秋戰國時期霸業的基礎，以至後來秦始皇能夠統一六國的根本，最早便可以溯源至秦公方壺鑄造的時代。至於秦公的身份，及

秦公壺的準確年代，近十年來已經引起了學術界廣泛的關注和討論，並已成為了秦文化研究上的一項重點考察課題。秦公方壺的發

現，對於這些秦早期歷史文化的研究，以至認識秦系文字的演變、秦國青銅風格的形成，均有著重要的作用，其歷史價值與學術意

義不容低估。

源流及著錄文獻：

1. 美國紐約私人舊藏品2. 紐約佳士得：Fine chinese ceramics and works of Art，2006年9月19日，第151號。3. 台灣私人舊藏品4. 秦公方壺於2007年被全國文物專家評選為“中國民間國寶”首位，並著錄於該年第7及8期《收藏界》月刊。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, hu,with inscriPtion dedicAted to the duke oF Qinlate western zhou / early spring & Autumn c. 8th century B.c. h: 42.3 cm / w: 29.3 cm

The lower body cast in high relief on the sides with an intricate design of intertwined dragons with different heads and slender snake-like bodies, on each side two of the bodies terminating in a central large dragon mask with coiled horns, below a ribbed band at the base of the neck which is cast with wave pattern interrupted by a pair of loop handles issuing from a large dragon mask and suspending a flat ring cast as two dragons biting the tail of the other, the whole raised on a slightly spreading foot cast with angular scrolls centered by an 'eye', with original bronze patina still showing and some malachite and lapis encrustation inside and out, with a six-character inscription on the interior below the rim

The six-character inscription, which is cast inside the neck of the vessel, reads, “the Duke of Qin made this treasure hu vessel”. According to the inscription, this fanghu was cast by the command of the Duke of Qin who ruled as a feudal lord in nowadays Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. The title of the Duke is consistent to the records of history, and it is a rare and important piece that is confirmed to be cast by the highest ranking of regional nobles in late Western Zhou. During the late Western Zhou period, new forms and decorative motifs, such as the interlaced bifurcated serpents and the undulating wave band on this vessel, began to appear.

Of the published bronze fanghu cast with these designs, the most similar, both in shape and decoration, are the pair in the Buckingham Collection, The Art Institute of Chicago, illustrated in Charles Kelley and Ch’en Meng-Chia, Chinese Bronzes from the Buckingham Collection, 1946, pp.64-67. The small coiled horns of the animal masks on the handles are also quite similar, unlike the horned dragon masks seen on other fanghu with this design, exemplified by the Song Hu illustrated by W. C. Fong, J. C. Y. Watt et al., Possessing the Past: Treasures from the National Palace Museum, Taipei, 1996, p.79, pl.42.

ProVenAnce & literAture

1. collection of a Private collector in new york

2. christie’s, new york, Fine chinese ceramics and works of Art, 19 september 2006, lot 151

3. collection of a Private collector in taiwan

4. shou cang jie (collection world), 2007, vol.7 & 8.

86

青銅交龍紋連蓋方壺一對

A PAir oF ArchAic Bronze Vessels, hu, with interlock drAGon PAttern And coVerlAte western zhou c. 877-771 B.c.

西周晚期　　　甲器　　　通高 (h): 28.5 cm　兩耳闊 (w): 18.5 cm

　　　　　　　乙器　　　通高 (h): 28.6 cm　兩耳闊 (w): 18.5 cm

90

青銅交龍紋連蓋方壺一對西周晚期　　　甲器　　　通高 : 2 8 . 5 厘米　兩耳闊 : 1 8 . 5 厘米

　　　　　　　乙器　　　通高 : 2 8 . 6 厘米　兩耳闊 : 1 8 . 5 厘米

青銅方壺成對，通體厚重，橫切面基本呈圓角方形，蓋頂與器口接合完好，底部附長方形圈

足。壺蓋斂口，蓋沿飾一對回首龍紋。頸部兩側設一對環耳，耳上飾有獸首，獸首凸目張

口，頭上有左右兩翹角、前置上揚的長象鼻，末端打岔，環耳內銜圓環，環上飾有重環紋，

造型精巧雅緻。器身口沿下頸部飾波帶紋，波帶紋源於簡省或變形的動物紋，象徵獸首的軀

體，可見造匠細密的心思。壺腹微鼓，正面和側面以浮雕龍頭為中心，飾左右對稱的交龍

紋。圈足亦飾有與器蓋一致的回首龍紋，紋飾生動別緻，線條圓轉流暢，尤可反映當時鑄匠

爐火純青的工藝水平。

壺耳上的獸首象鼻主要見於西周晚期至兩周之際，類似這種造形的獸首象鼻可以參考：

1993年山西曲沃北趙晉侯墓地m64墓出土的獸目交連紋方壺（m64:103），見上海博物館編：《晉國奇珍――山西晉侯墓群出土文物精品》，上海：上海人民美術出版社，2002年，頁 146-147；壺腹上交龍紋的樣品，可以參考：台北故宮博物院藏的頌壺，載於故宮博物院編輯委員會編：《商周青銅酒器特展圖錄》，台北：國立故宮博物院，1989年，頁 169。

92

A PAir oF ArchAic Bronze Vessels, hu, with interlock drAGon PAttern And coVerlate western zhou c. 877-771 B.c. h: 28.5 cm / w: 18.5 cm

h: 28.6 cm / w: 18.5 cm

In pair with cover, robust body in rounded rectangular intersection with comparatively thick and heavy wall, the lower body cast in high relief on the sides with intertwined dragons with various heads and slender snake-like bodies, below a band of wave pattern at the neck with a pair of loop handles on two sides issuing from a large dragon mask, with elaborate horns and an elephant trunk nose ending with Y-shaped splits, suspending a flat circular ring cast with a series of scale pattern, the whole raised on a slightly spreading foot cast with slender dragons in relief, same as that cast on the sides of cover leading to a coherent from the top to the bottom, with original bronze patina on surface and some malachite and cuprite encrustation

This is a very fine example of fanghu from late Western Zhou, especially the elaborate dragon mask with an elephant trunk nose, similar design was found on the bronze fanghu (M64:103) excavated in Tomb M64 of the Cemetery of Marquis of Jin, Beizhao, Quwo, Shanxi in 1993, see Shanghai Museum ed., Jin Guo Qi Zhen: Shanxi jinhou muqun chutu wenwu jingpin (Treasures of the Jin State: Gems from Excavations of Cemetery of Marquis of Jin in Shanxi Province), 2002, pp.146-147.

94

青銅蟠螭紋鼎春秋　　　通高 : 3 5 厘米　兩耳闊 : 4 7 . 5 厘米　口徑 : 4 3 厘米

此器碩大，侈口，腹壁圓曲內收，通體作深腹盆形，最大徑在口部，下有三蹄足。口沿上有

方形立耳，立耳外撇，內外兩邊均飾細緻蟠虺紋。口沿下飾一道作糾結狀的大蟠螭紋，下再

飾以一周繩紋。此器紋飾精巧，大器之中不失細節，是春秋時期銅鼎的精品。

此器的形制上承西周晚期的半球形腹鼎，延續見於春秋時期，相似形制的考古品可以參看：

山西長治分水嶺 270墓出土的兩件銅鼎（編號 5、10），詳見山西省文物工作委員會晉東南工作組、山西省長治市博物館：〈長治分水嶺 269、270號東周墓〉，《考古學報》，1974年第2期，圖版捌：2；陝西省博物館藏春秋蟠虺紋鼎，收錄於陝西省博物館、陝西省文物管理委員會編：《青銅器圖釋》，北京：文物出版社，1960年，頁 84，圖 84。

ArchAic Bronze Vessel, dinG, with interlock drAGon PAtternspring & Autumn 770-476 B.c. h: 35 cm / w: 47.5 cm / d: 43 cm

Hemispherical body supported on three cabriole legs, the exterior of body cast with a wide band of interlock angular dragons and a continuous rope in low relief, above the flared rim raised with a pair of everted rectangular handles decorated on both sides with flat cast sophisticated serpants, in an overall blue patina and azurite encrustation

The shape of this piece is derived from bronze ding with hemispherical body in late Western Zhou. Samples of ding (M270:5 & M270:10) in similar shape and design were found in the excavation of Tomb M270 in Fenshuiling, Changzhi, Shanxi, illustrated in Kaogu Xuebao (Acta Archaeologica Sinica), 1974.2, pl.8:2. Another museum piece of similar design is illustrated in Shaanxi Provincial Administration Committee of Cultural Heritage et al., eds., Qing tong qi tu shi (Study on Bronze Vessels of Shang to Warring States Periods), 1960, p.84, pl.84.

100

青銅交龍紋帶狀錯紅銅鐎盉戰國　　　通高 : 2 3 厘米　長 : 2 3 . 5 厘米   /  口徑 : 1 0 . 5 厘米

這類戰國時期的圓腹盉又名鐎，通體形制渾厚、扁橫，是當時的煮酒器。此器頸部上飾錯紅

銅三角紋，附有圓蓋，肩上有提梁，提梁上飾有魚鱗紋，兩端以獸首銜環狀鈕結尾，中間附

有三個銅環作鏈扣與圓蓋相連，腹下作三蹄足。上腹部有流，曲喙，流作張嘴狀的爬獸造

型，紋飾一絲不苟，獸身後接半圓鈕，與提梁上獸首銜環狀的造型相扣。圓腹上則作三周糾

結狀的蟠螭紋，是戰國時期流行的紋飾。中間夾有兩周帶狀的錯紅銅裝飾，形制優美。

相似品可以參看：上海博物館藏戰國春成侯盉，收載於陳佩芬編：《夏商周青銅器研究》，上

海：上海古籍出版社，2004年，東周篇下，第 628號，頁 445-447。

源流：

1. 英國私人舊藏品（1920年代）

ArchAic Bronze ewer, he, with AnimAl heAd sPout And coPPer inlAidwarring states 475-221 B.c. h: 23 cm / l: 23.5 cm / d: 10.5 cm

The compressed globular body supported on three cabriole legs, the sides encircled by three bands of flat cast interlocking angular dragons within raised borders with red copper inlaid, round opening on top with a short neck with inlaid inverted triangles on exterior, the domed lid with low raised concentric circles and a loop at centre attached to a set of three chain rings that link to a bail handle with cast scales and spirals, ending at both sides with an animal head and a loop, attached to the tail of the beast in front and an animal mask motif at the back, with dark brownish-green patina

He ewer is generally believed to have been used for heating and warming liquors. A similar piece in shape and design is Chun Cheng Hou He, now kept in the Shanghai Museum, illustrated in Chen Peifen ed., Xia Shang Zhou qing tong qi yan jiu (Research on Bronzes of the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties), 2004, Eastern Zhou vol.2, no.628, pp.445-447.

ProVenAnce

1. collection of a Private collector in Britain (1920s)

102

青銅蟠螭紋大鑑

ArchAic Bronze BAsin, JiAn, with interlock drAGon PAtternlAte sPrinG & Autumn / eArly wArrinG stAtes c. 5th century B.c.

春秋晚期／戰國早期　　　通高 (h): 35 cm　兩耳闊 (w): 83 cm　口徑 (d): 72 cm

104

青銅蟠螭紋大鑑春秋晚期／戰國早期　　　通高 : 3 5 厘米　兩耳闊 : 8 3 厘米　口徑 : 7 2 厘米

青銅鑑是大型的盛水器。此器口沿向外平折，束頸，深腹，上腹壁較直，下腹壁圓曲內收成

底，淺圈足，口沿下設四個環耳，上端各飾龍首，龍首捲角，鑄工精細。腹部紋飾分四段，

均飾蟠螭紋，龍身交纏，這類紋飾盛行於春秋戰國之際。此器較常見的銅鑑為大，器壁厚

實，銅質上好，整體保存完美，在大型器中較為難得。

相似品可參看日本東京根津美術館藏蟠螭紋鑑，收錄於根津美術館編：《館藏殷周の青銅

器》（2009），第 26號；美國芝加哥藝術學院藏蟠螭紋鑑（1930.704），收錄於 charles kelley & ch en meng-chia, chinese Bronzes from the Buckingham collection (1946)，頁 90-93。

ArchAic Bronze BAsin, JiAn, with interlock drAGon PAtternlate spring & Autumn / early warring states c. 5th century B.c. h: 35 cm / w: 83 cm / d: 72 cm

In hemispherical form with a slight concave groove before the flat everted mouth rim, the body finely cast with four registers of interlocked angular dragons with different heads and slender snake-like bodies decorated with S-curved spirals inside, horizontally divided by three narrow raised bands of cicada motifs, set with four loop handles emerging from finely cast animal masks with scroll curled ears and horns, in overall silvery-grey patina and malachite encrustation

Bronze vessels of the jian type were made for holding water or ice, and were apparently used as ritual wash basins. These massive vessels appeared not before the Spring & Autumn period and were made for only a short period. Vessels of similar form, with four animal mask handles, are known with a variety of nearly abstract design bands formed of interlaced dragon or snake motifs.

This piece is notable for its comparatively large size than its counterparts. A bronze jian of similar design but smaller in size, now kept in the Nezu Museum in Tokyo, Japan, is illustrated in Nezu Museum ed., In shu no seidoki (Ancient Chinese Bronzes of Shang and Zhou Dynasties in the Nezu Museum), 2009, no.26. Another similar example is the one currently in the Art Institute of Chicago, illustrated in Charles Kelley & Ch’en Meng-Chia, Chinese Bronzes from the Buckingham Collection, 1946, pp.90-93.

108

青銅神獸踏蛇熏爐

ArchAic Bronze GloBulAr-shAPed censer in mythicAl AnimAl desiGnwestern hAn dynAsty 206 B.c. - A.d. 8

西漢　　　通高 (h): 9.5 cm　正面闊 (w): 7.5 cm　長度 (l): 8.2 cm

110

青銅神獸踏蛇熏爐西漢　　　通高 : 9 . 5 厘米 .  正面闊 : 7 . 5 厘米　長度 : 8 . 2 厘米

此器球形，神獸呈獅子形象，頭部朝天，咧嘴露牙，作呼嘯狀，獸腹圓鼓，四足踏蛇，極富

裝飾性。這是神獸踏蛇熏爐最早的形態，自秦漢以後，歷代均有臨摹之作。北宋金石學家呂

大臨在《考古圖》曾經收錄漢代的神獸踏蛇熏爐，並稱神獸為狻猊。狻猊是龍生九子之一，形

如獅，喜煙好坐，是西域獅子的古稱，一般多作熏爐的裝飾。

漢代神獸踏蛇熏爐能保存至今者罕見，美國舊金山亞洲藝術博物館收有一件可作比較，詳

看台北故宮博物院編輯委員會編： 《海外遺珍：銅器（二）》，台北：國立故宮博物院，1988年，第 166號，頁 169。

ArchAic Bronze GloBulAr-shAPed censer in mythicAl AnimAl desiGnwestern han dynasty 206 B.c. - A.d. 8 h: 9.5 cm / w: 7.5 cm / l: 8.2 cm

Of hollow globular form cast in the form of a lion-like mythical beast standing with four clawed legs holding down a long S-curved writhing serpent, the hinged head with large bulging eyes and open mouth bearing sharp canine teeth, below with a set of curly mane on sides, overall in a dark green patina with areas of cuprite and malachite encrustation

This is the most primitive form of such type of incense burner, and ever since the Han dynasty, there are numerous imitations in later periods. Such piece was first depicted in the antiquarian album Kaogu Tu, compiled by Lu Dalin of Northern Song in A.D. 1092, and the beast was named Suan Ni according to classics, in which the beast was described as one of the nine sons of dragon, in the form of a lion and fond of smoking incense. It is a rare type of bronze, and only a few survives, among which a museum piece of similar design, once in the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, is illustrated in National Palace Museum ed., Hai wai yi zhen: Tong qi (Chinese art in overseas collections: Bronze), 1988, vol.2, no.166, p.169.

112

大型青銅奔馬

mAGniFicent Bronze GAlloPinG horsewestern hAn dynAsty 206 B.c. - A.d. 8

西漢　　　通高 (h): 132 cm　長 (l): 110 cm　腹圍 (Belly encirclement): 102 cm

114

大型青銅奔馬西漢　　　通高 : 1 3 2 厘米　長 : 1 1 0 厘米　腹圍 : 1 0 2 厘米

這是現在所知最大、藝術上最完美、動感最好的漢代青銅大馬。

此馬體型碩大，為雄性，由頭、頸、前胸、後腹、四肢、尾等九段裝配而成。馬頭右轉，粗頸微彎，背鬃剪齊。頭

上兩耳豎直，巨目有神，鼻孔外張。張口吐舌，翹唇露齒，作嘶鳴噴氣狀。此馬在雕鑄上較同類器更加注重細節的

刻畫，尤其在對馬匹骨骼結構形態的表現上，通體的肌理自然分明，特別是面頰、眼簾、胸肌、腹肌、股肌、四肢

等部位，透過簡單利落的線條，和頭部誇張放大的比例，使得整體散發著強勁有力而懾人的動態力量感。

此馬三足騰空，只有右前足著地，很成功地捕捉了俊馬奔騰最美妙的一瞬間，而較諸其他同類呈站立形態的，或呈

踱步形態的銅馬，此件則更顯出馬匹本身的動感和力量。透過漢代雕塑家優美的藝術創意和卓越的鑄造技術，這匹

銅馬像被賦予了生命一樣。可以想像，這並不是如鎮墓獸一類憑空塑造的形象，而是雕塑家通過細心觀察自然界活

生生的馬匹，在強化寫實的形象和動態上，添飾了對理想良駒的無限想像，並且大膽運用塊狀切割結構於創作表達

之中，最終成就出一件在世界藝術史上不朽的作品，是結合了寫實與抽象的偉大創作。

漢代超過一米高的大銅馬，現時全球博物館暨私人收藏的就只有約十件，科學考古出土的可以參看：1990年四川綿陽何家山hm2墓（《文物》1991年 3月，圖 26）、1980年廣西貴縣風流嶺m31墓（《中國青銅器全集》第 12冊，頁 141），以及 1981年河北徐水防陵m2墓（《中國青銅器全集》第 12冊，頁 159）出土的大銅馬。

116

mAGniFicent Bronze GAlloPinG horsewestern han dynasty 206 B.c. - A.d. 8 h: 132 cm / l: 110 cm / (Belly encirclement): 102 cm

A superbly sculptured young stallion in galloping posture with only the right front leg touching the ground, cast separately in nine sections with arched neck, docked mane, robust body, neatly bound tail and four legs showing strong tendons and ligaments, the enlarged and well-rendered head, turning slightly to the right, with mouth wide open and tongue stuck out on the left, pricked ears on top and flared nostrils in front, all accented with deeply incised lineation, overall in an appealing green malachite and blue azurite patination

This magnificent statue represents the best model of celestial horse being imported to China along the Silk Road from Ferghana in Central Asia, and it is the largest and the finest in art among all bronze horses ever found and seen from the Han dynasty. The entire sculpture was cast with emphasis on the modeling of a large skeletal structure with well developed muscles, especially on the cheeks, the chest, the forearms and the buttock, as if it was a real living creature. While most others are in standing or trotting posture, the galloping stallion emits a much stronger sense of motion and is one of the liveliest and the most dynamic sculptures in art history. It is a classical work of ancient Chinese aesthetics, a masterpiece in well combination of realism and romanticism with rich imagination and skillful craftsmanship.

There are only about ten bronze horses of such scale in all the museums and private collections worldwide, including those found in archeological excavations throughout China, samples include one being excavated in 1990 from Tomb M2 in Hejiashan, Mianyang, Sichuan, illustrated in Wenwu (Cultural Relics), 1991.3, pl.26; another one being excavated in 1980 from Tomb M31 in Fengliuling, Guixian, Guangxi, illustrated in Zhongguo qingtong qi quanji (Complete Collection of Bronze wares in China), 1993-1998, vol.12, no.22, no.141, p.144. Large bronze horses were mostly found from excavations in Southwest China, principally Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces, with one exception discovered from Tomb M2 in Fangling Village, Xushui, Hebei, illustrated in ibid, vol.12, no.159, p.162.

118

Chronology of Bronze Age China

XIA (c.2100-1600 B.C.) Erl i tou Culture c.2000-1500 B.C.

EARLY SHANG (c.1600-1300 B.C.) Erl igang Culture c.1600-1400 B.C.

LATE SHANG (c.1300-1046 B.C.) Anyang Phase I c.1300-1251 B.C. King Pan Geng King Xiao Xin King Xiao Yi Anyang Phase I I c.1250-1160 B.C. King Wu Ding c.1250-1192 B.C. King Zu Geng King Zu Jia Anyang Phase I I I c.1159-1102 B.C. King Lin Xin King Kang Ding King Wu Yi c.1147-1113 B.C. King Wen Ding c.1112-1102 B.C. Anyang Phase IV c.1101-1046 B.C. King Yi c.1101-1076 B.C. King Xin c.1075-1046 B.C.

WESTERN ZHOU (c.1046-771 B.C.) Early Western Zhou c.1046-977 B.C. King Wu c.1046-1043 B.C. King Cheng c.1042-1021 B.C. King Kang c.1020-996 B.C. King Zhao c.995-977 B.C. Mid Western Zhou c.976-878 B.C. King Mu c.976-922 B.C. King Gong c.922-900 B.C. King Yi c.899-892 B.C. King Xiao c.891-886 B.C. King Yi c.885-878 B.C. Late Western Zhou c.877-771 B.C. King Li c.877-841 B.C. Gong He Regency 841-828 B.C. King Xuan 828-782 B.C. King You 781-771 B.C.

SPRING & AUTUMN (770-476 B.C.)

WARRING STATES (475-221 B.C.)

QIN (221-206 B.C.)

WESTERN HAN (206 B.C.-A.D. 8)

EASTERN HAN (A.D. 8-220)

中國青銅時代年表

夏 (約前 2100–前 1600) 二里頭文化 約前 2000–前 1500

商早期 (約前 1600–前 1300) 二里崗文化 約前 1600–前 1400

商晚期 (約前 1300–前 1046) 殷墟一期 約前 1300–前 1251 帝盤庚

帝小辛

帝小乙

殷墟二期 約前 1250–前 1160 帝武丁 約前 1250–前 1192 帝祖庚

帝祖甲

殷墟三期 約前 1159–前 1102 帝廩辛

帝康丁

帝武乙 約前 1147–前 1113 帝文丁 約前 1112–前 1102 殷墟四期 約前 1101–前 1046 帝乙 約前 1101–前 1076 帝辛 約前 1075–前 1046

西周 (約前 1046–前 771) 早期 約前 1046–前 977 武王 約前 1046–前 1043 成王 約前 1042–前 1021 康王 約前 1020–前 996 昭王 約前 995–前 977 中期 約前 976–前 878 穆王 約前 976–前 922 共王 約前 922–前 900 懿王 約前 899–前 892 孝王 約前 891–前 886 夷王 約前 885–前 878 晚期 約前 877–前 771 厲王 約前 877–前 841 共和 前 841–前 828 宣王 前 828–前 782 幽王 前 781–前 771

春秋 (前 770–前 476)

戰國 (前 475–前 221)

秦 (前 221–前 206)

西漢 (前 206–公元 8)

東漢 (公元 8–220)

Text Writing and Editing:Alex KwokLung Tak Chun Coordination: Pascale Ng Photography:new & old design & production co. Printing:Asia One Printing Limited © Copyright 2012 Joyce Gallery

Gallery 1, 123 Hollywood Road, Hong Kong T: 852 2545 1869 F: 852 2854 3626Email: joycegallery@netvigator.com www.joycegallery.com