Internet Security Threat Trends

S.C. Leung ( 梁兆昌 )Senior ConsultantSenior ConsultantCISSP CISA CBCP

scleung@hkcert.org香港電腦保安事故協調中心

HKCERT 簡介

服務 電腦保安警報監測及預警 保安事故報告及應變 出版資訊保安指引和資訊 提高資訊保安意識

Computer ( 計算機 )Emergency ( 緊急 ) Response ( 回應 ) Team ( 小組 )

2001 年由香港特別行政區政府成立，香港生產力促進局運作

Collaboration 對外協調合作

Local Enterprise & Internet Users

本地企業及互聯網用戶

CERTCERT

CERTCERTCERTCERT

CERTCERT

CERTCERT

CERTCERT CERTCERT

CERTCERT

CERTCERTAPCERTAPCERT FIRSTFIRST

CERT Teams in Asia Pacific亞太區其他協調中心

CERT Teams around the World全球其他協調中心

Law Enforcement 執法機關

ISP 互聯網供應商

Universities大學

Software Vendor軟件供應商

Virus & Security Research Centre

電腦病毒及保安研究中心

HKCERT observation Traditional attacks - Untargeted (Virus/worm) attack

symptoms: rise of incident reports to security SPs, CERT, police rise in distributed security probe statistics Honeypot collected samples

Attackers Kiddies/Hobbyist --> Criminals --> Spies

Targeted attacks Several emails to some organizations PPT, Word & Excel Email impersonate your friend /

colleagues using your local language

Attraction of “Bots” to hackers

Bot: compromised & hacker controlled machines Bots more welcomed

Worms too widespread, too noticeable --> owners soon patch the security hole and remove the malware

Motive of attackers turn to $$$ Keep bots under control Keep bots un-noticed Business

Stealing email addresses, password to on-line bank, eBay+Paypal, stock brokers

Targeted attack: industrial espionage

Botnet: Network of Bots FBI “Operation Bot Roast”

Identified 1M+ bots (Jun 2007) Arrested 3 persons:

Robert Soloway: the spam king http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/

317795_soloway31.html

James Brewer: operating a botnet of over 10,000 PCs, infecting PCs in Chicago hospitals, whose services were significantly delay

Jason Downey: linked with DDoS attack by the Agobot worm

Malware Complexity It can be simple

Just a postcard email, with simple social engineering technique to hide itself --> can use unpacker to get the binary

http://isc.sans.org/diary.html?storyid=2022

It can be complex Have to use decryption, debugger

and reverse engineering to analyse http://isc.sans.org/diary.html?sto

ryid=2223

Storm worm, or Trojan.Peacomm (Jan-2007)

Sophistication of Malware Use Virus/Worm to infect many machines Once infects a machine, installs a Downloader. Downloader then download from dynamic web site the

malware component(s) Bot0 or Bot AutoUpdater

The Bot0 generate and install the bot The Bot install itself on the machine and report duty to

the controller which disseminate hacker’s commands If bot is removed, Bot0 activates and generate another

copy of bot AutoUpdater keeps Bot0 and Bot updated

Virus

/Worm

Downloader

Bot

Bot0

(optional) terminator & signature (optional) rootkit

Watch your web server

10000+ Italian legitimate web servers hacked The sites were installed the Hacker Kit: MPack

Author has $$$ motivation Professionally written, with management console to be hosted on web servers with PHP and database support come with collection of exploit modules for different platform

and browsers

Watch your web server Steps Attacking Web server attacking:

hack into popular web server add iframe snippets to web page of

compromised web servers spam out emails with IFRAME code

Steps Attacking a User user browse compromise web server user's browser execute IFRAME code,

causing it redirected to Mpack server At Mpack server,

analyse HTTP header according to platform and

browser, serve many exploits designed for user

Mpack has a management console Mpack Management console

Watch your web server

Should you use your web server to browse and install software there?

Firewall block unnecessary incoming traffics block outgoing traffic except for troubleshooting

Patching, Patching, Patching Vulnerability scanning (for techcies)

Nessus Nikto for techcies

http://www.cirt.net/code/nikto.shtml

Rock Phishing using domain names

Phishers use ways to save space and time

One single site with multiple DNS names now holds a multitude of Phishing pages, covering a broad range of different banks.”

www.volksbank.de.vr-web.www.ioio3.hk/volksbank/ 85.114.xxx.53

www.volksbank.de.vr-web.yydonhb.gksh.hk/volksbank/ 85.114.xxx.53

www.paypal.de.vr-web.www26zroh.jordi.hk/paypal/ 85.114.xxx.53

likely responsible for 50%+ of current phishing attacks

Malware Review Dec-2006 http://www.security.iia.net.au/news/220.html

Phishers' business continuity

Malware reborn after clean up Use Rock Phishing Use domain name, not IP addresses Use Dynamic DNS to create so many

URLs www.usbank.com.[random 092304124].domain.com/usbank/ www.pay.com.[random 06382124].domain.com/paypal/

We must involve domain registrar and ISPs

Resist Detection Time-zone dependent behaviour Blocking investigators evidence collection

Data Leakage Risks Intruder get access to database

TJX: the retailer, which operates T.J. Maxx, Marshalls, etc., had the system accessed by intruder for over 1 year before discovery. 47M customer personal information exposed, unknown transactions made.

UCLA: the personal information of 800,000 current and former students, staff, parents and applicants, including SSN, birth dates, addresses and contact information.

Backup Tape loss Johns Hopkins U. 2006: containing sensitive personal

data of 52000 employees Bank of America 2005: containing personal

information (SSN, account information) of 1.2M federal employees, including U.S. senators.

Data Leakage Risks

Laptop loss/theft Boeing 2006: names, salary information, SSN, addresses,

phone numbers and birth dates of 382,000 current/former employees exposed

U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs 2006: Data from 26.5M veterans and 2.1M service members exposed.

On-line Data Leakage IPCC 2006: a subcontractor exposed the personal data

of police complaint cases related information by putting them on-line

Texas Guaranteed Student Loan Corp. 2006: a subcontractor lost equipment containing the names and SSN of 1.7M borrowers.

A local recruitment agency leaks personal data on the Internet

Data Leakage Risks Abuse in data collection

FBI audit finds widespread abuse in data collection

telephone companies and Internet providers gave agents phone and e-mail records the agents did not request and were not authorized to collect

Google aims to net teenagers 'for life’ Provide email network to schools Privacy International: Google collect info about people

tastes, interests and beliefs that could be used by advertiser.

Google: we do not reveal email content nor personal details

Data Leakage Risks Use of Proxy Servers (operated by whom?)

Web access control Performance Enhancement Anonymity Access game servers in Korea which allows local access

only Bypass censorship control

Security Management

Security Policy Security Risk Assessment

What are our critical data and systems? What are the risks of them? What measures are required to protect the data

assets?

Security Management Practice Procedure, Guideline Standard Compliance and Certification Awareness

Security personnel Training Certification

Assessment

Security ManagementCertification

Professional Certification

Security Management

Four steps of Security Management printed by OGCIO

Prevention

Prevention: Install protection tool of malware

Antivirus and Antispywarekeeping program & signature up to date

Install Firewall System Hardening

Patching your systemLinux: run Bastille, SELinuxWindows: use Vista security

Some free security software

Antivirus software AVG Free Edition

http://free.grisoft.com/doc/1 Antispyware software

Microsoft Defender Beta 2 (or Win2000-SP4 or above) http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=435bfce7-da2b-4a6a-

afa4-f7f14e605a0d&displaylang=en Ad-aware SE Personal (or Win98 or above)

http://www.lavasoft.de/software/adaware/ Personal Firewall

Windows XP built-in firewall (FAQ) http://thesource.ofallevil.com/taiwan/security/protect/firewall.asp

ZoneAlarm (for Win98 or above) http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/company/products/znalm/

freeDownload2.jsp?dc=12bms&ctry=AU&lang=en Data Encryption

TrueCrypt http://www.truecrypt.org/

Note: Free security software may have limited features, compared with commercial software. Furthermore, there may be restriction on personal and non-commercial use.

Working with the browser

Use browsers with added anti-phishing features IE 7.0, Firefox

Use as few browser add-ons as possible SSL

Use SSL 3.0 and TLS 1.0, not SSL 2.0 Check SSL certificate of on-line transaction web

sites Do not save passwords on browser

Browsers protection Browser addon may be a

source of attack Browser addon introduce

vulnerability GreaseMonkey – Firefox addon

User scripts loaded on to the browser

Some scripts bypass security Allow password remembering Autologin Basically user has no knowledge

what the develop put into the code

Browser History

Detection

SysInternalshttp://www.microsoft.com/technet/sysinternals/securityutilities.mspx

AutoRun Process Explorer PsTools suite

includes command-line utilities for listing the processes running on local or remote computers, running processes remotely, rebooting computers, dumping event logs, and more.

Rootkit Revealer

PeiD Detect Packers, Cryptors and

compilers of PE files

Recovery

Backup your data periodically so that you have a way to restore it

Test the backup periodically

For more critical systems, you may need to have redundant server or backup site.

Adopt Good Practices Use only user account in daily operation

Do not share user accounts (even at home)

Use good password

Do not use public kiosk for sensitive surfing

Read User License Agreement before installing software Educate children and colleagues

Conclusion We have seen hackers developing better tools and

skills. They are more professional and are becoming organized crimes.

When we looked into the mirror, we have a lot to improve in security protection.

Data protection is another area of problems. We need to seriously improve our security by

management and technology.

THANK YOU82056060

hkcert@hkcert.org