Introduction of Power Management IC

Winson Wei,

RDI Division

Product Development Center

Richtek

Oct. 21, 2008

Outline About Richtek and Analog IC Market

Elements of Power Management IC Technology

Field Applications

Power Electronic Technology

Power Management IC Fabrication Technology

Power Management IC Design

Product Development Flow

Summary

Power Management IC Design Contest

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About RichtekAbout Richtek

• A professional analog IC design company

• Founded: Sept., 1998

• Capital: NT$1.18 Billion

• ISO 9001 Certified by RWTUV

• ISO 14001 Certified by RWTUV

• Employees: 417 TW by July, 2008

• Our Location

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Worldwide Branch Office and Distributors

• Headquarters Hsinchu, Taiwan

• Branch office Taipei, Taiwan

Shenzhen, China

Shanghai, China

Beijing, China

Bundang, Korea

Silicon Valley, US

Tokyo, Japan

The Netherlands, Europe

• Distributors Taiwan

China

Japan

USA

Europe

Singapore

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Product Applications

Consumer

Computer

Communication

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Richtek Business Achievement Richtek Business Achievement

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

Net Sales (NT$M) 350 670 1,104 2,011 2,242 2,684 4,296 6,062

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

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Worldwide Analog IC Company

(US$m)

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Richtek Product Mix and Share in PMIC Market

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Taiwan Companies’ Share

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By More precise definition of TAM

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Photograph of iBookPro Motherboard -- I

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Photograph of iBookPro Motherboard -- II

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Photograph of Wii Motherboard

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Photograph of MB PCB Zoom-In

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Photograph of VGA Card

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Elements of Power Management IC Technology

Semiconductor

IC Fabrication

Power Electronic

Technology

Analog

Integrated

Circuit

Field

Applications

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Power IC Driving Force -- Applications

DDRXDDRIII 1.2V

DDRII 1.8V

DDRI 2.5V

RMRAMSDRAM 3.3V

EDRAM 3.3V

DRAM DRAM

45nm65nm90nm0.13um0.18um0.25um0.35um0.5um1um

Dual Core 1V

Core 2 Duo 1.2V

Pentium E

1.3V

Pentium 4

1.3V

Pentium III

1.8V

Pentium II

2.5V

Pentium 3V

80486 3.3V

80386 5V

Technology driving

Application driving

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System Block Diagram for DSC

• Battery Management

• DC/DC Converters

• Motor Drivers

• Audio Amplifier

• Backlight Drivers

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Power Requirement for DSC system

• System-On-Chip• VCORE : 1.0/1.2/1.5/1.8V @ 300mA~600mA

• VIO : 2.5/3.3V @ 300mA

• Memory• SDRAM, DDR and Flash: 1.8/2.5/3.3V @ 150mA

• Analog/RF• OSC, PLL, ADC, DAC, RF (LNA/PA), Mic, Headphone and Speaker: 1.3V~3.6V

• Sensors• CCD: VCCD+ = 15~16V @ 50mA and VCCD- = -7~-8V @ 50mA

• CMOS: Dual, 1.8/2.5/3.3V @ 300mA

• Actuators• Motor: 3.3/4.3/5V @ 250mA

• Vibrator: 2.5/3.3V @ 200mA~500mA

• Headphone/Speaker: 100mW~2W.

• LCD Display• LCD Driver SOC: 3.3V @ 100mA

• WLED Backlight: WLED x1/x2/x3/x4/x5/x6 @ 20mA

• Flash Light: WLED x1/x3 @ 100mA~500mA, Xenon Flash @ 300V

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System Block Diagram for TFT LCD

SDRAM

RGBInput

Key

Pad

Scaler

PLL

ADC

OSD

DecoderTMDS

MCU

DVIInput

VideoInput

EEPROM

MB Power

Adaptor

InputT-Con

Gate Driver

Source Driver

Panel Power Inverter

CCFL

TFT Glass

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Block Diagram for TFT LCD Panel

T-Con TFT Panel

Gate Driver

Source Driver

CCFL/LED

Vsource

Inverter/

LED Drivers

2 Level : VGH, VGL

3 Level : VGH, VGL, VGC

Vcom

γγγγ Buffer

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Power Requirement for TFT LCD Panel

• Input Supply Range: 2.6V~6V

• Current Mode BOOST Converter for AVDD• 1.2MHz switching frequency

• Integrated 20V/3A, 0.16Ω switching N-MOSFET• 85% Efficiency with 1% output regulation

• Positive and Negative Linear-Regulator Controller for VGH and VGL

• Built-In Power On/Off sequence and Soft-Start Function

• 1-CH Rail-to-Rail Operation Amplifier• 2-Wire I2C slave mode interface

• Non-Volatile Memory store Vcom Setting

• 7-bit Adjustable Output

• +/-200mA Output Short-Circuit Current

• 12V/us Slew Rate

• 6-CH Level Shifter circuit for GOA application• 35V Output High Level

• -15V Output Low Level

• VGH to VGL Voltage Range is 45V

• Protection Function• UVLO, OTP, OCP and OVP

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Summary of Richtek Product Lines

• PC• MB/VGA/NB/Gaming

• Green Mode, Multi-phase, Controller, MOSFets Driver, Voltage Mode, Constant On Time, ACPI (Advance Configuration Power Interface), LDO, USB switch

• NC/LCD TV• WiFi Module/AP/CO side equipment

• Buck converter (1~8MHz, 1~6A), MOSFET Built-In HV Buck (12V~60V IN, 1A~10A), Multi-channel

• Panel• PMU (Boost, Buck, LDO, Opamp, Gamma, GPM, Level shifter, VGH/VGL regulator , pVcom)

• LED Backlight Driver (>10 pcs LEDs)

• LED Display

• SHD• MP/DSC/GPS

• LDO, Voltage detector, Buck converter, Boost converter, WLED Backlight driver (<10 pcs LEDs), Multi-channel, Charger, Power Path, OVP, Photo-flash charger, Motor Driver

• Audio• SHD/LCD TV

• Class-AB, Class-D (1W~25W), Audio Codec

• AC/DC • Primary sense, ACIN Charger, Green Mode (600V)…

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Power Conversion Efficiency

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DC/DC Converters

Boost power stage

T

DT

• Step-Down Converter • Step-Up Converter

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Conduction Loss

RL=DCR of the inductorRON=the resistance of the high side switchVD=the forward voltage of the rectification diodeRD=the resistance of the rectification diodeFor low conduction loss:

DONL2

Dg RDDRRRD&VDV ′++>>′′>>

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Switching Loss

( ) ( )∫ ⋅⋅= dttvtiP LXSWOSSL

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Topology of Current Mode Boost Converter

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System Block & Average ModelingSystem Block & Average Modeling

• Am example: a NAVPTM multi-phase system block & Small signal modeling

LLR

2RiAvGain ==

Vref

Zo

Gvd

Gii

Gid

Fm

Gci

LPF

Gcv

- -

VoIo

iL

compcomp2

vcs

*Published at 2007 PESC

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Calculation Results by MathCAD Results by MathCAD

•Output impedance & Loop gain calculation using MathCAD

1 10 100 1 .103

1 .104

1 .105

1 .106

50

0

50

100

Gain of Loop (LGCM AVP)

Frequency (Hz)

Gain (dB)

MathCAD_loop j( )

f j( )

1 10 100 1 .103

1 .104

1 .105

1 .106

120

110

100

90

80

Phase of Loop (LGCM AVP)

Frequency (Hz)

Phase (degree)

MathCAD_loop j( )

f j( )

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SimplisSimplis Behavior Modeling Behavior Modeling

Mode Transition

Load Transient

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Energy Transferring Element

dt

diLv =

i

−+v

∫∫ ×=×=×= 2

2

1iL

dt

diLiviWm

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Power IC Technology

BiCMOS

*Referred from Tsmc

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Product Design Kit

*Referred from Tsmc

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High Performance Analog Process

DDD MOS

LDMOS

DMOS

BJT

Diode

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Voltage Trend

0.3V 0.6V 1V 3.3V 5V 12V 19V 30V 60V 100V 500V 600V

PV Solar cell

1 cell Ni-MH

1 cell Li-ion

ATX main power

2 cell Li-ion & 19V Adapter in

AC <30W Adapter/charger

Offline PFC power supply

Offline ATX power supply

WLED driver

Sync high side MOS driver

-48V POE

USB 5V

TFT LCD Panel

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LDO

• Low dropout voltage

• Low quiescent current

• Low output noise

• High PSRR

• Fast transient response

• 1uF ceramic stable

• Full protection

• Low cost, poor efficiency

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LDO IC

RT9193

tsmc 0.6um

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Voltage Mode Buck Controller

• Wide input range

• Synchronous driver

• Bootstrap driver

• Variable modulation gain

• Soft start

• Full protection

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PWM IC

UG Driver

LG Driver

Vref

Error Amp

OSC

PWM CP

Level Shift

RT9214

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Current Mode Buck Converter

• Synchronous rectifier

• High frequency >1MHz

• Internal compensation

• Small output LC

• High efficiency 95%

• Small package

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Current Mode Boost Converter

• Small output LC

• High frequency >1MHz

• Easy stable

• High efficiency 95%

• Small package

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RT9277

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Charge Pump

• Small size with ceramic capacitor only

• X1,x1.5 or 2x pump

• High frequency >1MHz

• Dimming operation

• Small package

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Charge Pump IC

RT9361

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DSC Multi-Channel PMU

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RT9917 Die Photograph

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RT9917 Demo Board Demo Board Photograph

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Multi-phase Multi-loop Control

Current

Balance

Processor

+_

+_

PWM Logic

& Driver

PWM Logic

& Driver

+_

+_

+_

Droop

Control

SS

Control

ISP1

ISN1

ISP2

ISN2

VDAC

GND

CS1

CS2

PWMCP

PWMCPEA

RT9600

RT9600

VIN

VINCOUTRLOAD

PWM1

PWM2

FB

ADJ

COMP SS

Voltage

loopCurrent

loop

Current

Balance

Processor

+_

+_

PWM Logic

& Driver

PWM Logic

& Driver

+_

+_

+_

Droop

Control

SS

Control

ISP1

ISN1

ISP2

ISN2

VDAC

GND

CS1

CS2

PWMCP

PWMCPEA

RT9600

RT9600

VIN

VINCOUTRLOAD

PWM1

PWM2

FB

ADJ

COMP SS

Current

Balance

Processor

+_

+_

PWM Logic

& Driver

PWM Logic

& Driver

PWM Logic

& Driver

PWM Logic

& Driver

+_+

_+

_+

_

+_

+_

Droop

Control

Droop

Control

SS

Control

SS

Control

ISP1

ISN1

ISP2

ISN2

VDAC

GND

CS1

CS2

PWMCP

PWMCPEA

RT9600RT9600

RT9600RT9600

VIN

VINCOUTRLOAD

PWM1

PWM2

FB

ADJ

COMP SS

Voltage

loopCurrent

loop

VGS (MAIN SW ITCH OF MODULE 1)

VGS (MAIN SW ITCH OF MODULE 2)

VER

IO/2

IL1

IL2

IC

IO

0 DT T

∆

Active voltage loop• Split Multiphase

• Multi loop control

• Current balance

• Active voltage droop

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Multiphase PWM VRM

VIN

VIN

VIN

VIN

Vout

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Digital PWM (經濟部業界科專計畫經濟部業界科專計畫經濟部業界科專計畫經濟部業界科專計畫 “數位電源管理系統單晶片數位電源管理系統單晶片數位電源管理系統單晶片數位電源管理系統單晶片” )

Analog power mimic•Take advantage of nanoprocess VLSI

•Performance close to analog

• Evolution of DPWM in Richtek

13K Gates0.25um CMOS

0.22 mm2

No External Components

Digital Filter Equivalent

Power

SupplyVINVOUT

GUIPMBusUSB

Power

SupplyVINVOUT

GUIPMBus

OR

PC

More function than analog power• Configuration by PMBus protocol

• Programmable (sequencing, Vo)

• Monitoring (fault)

• Performance close to analog power w/ more functions

Smart Power• Higher efficiency & faster response

• Power OS: Self-tuning/diagnosis

• Performance/functions beyond analog power

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Team Work for Customer Oriented

Customer

Sales FAE TME CS

AE

RD PDK

PMEPC

PE TE

QA

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Silicon Implementation & System SetupSilicon Implementation & System Setup

Vin

VinProcessor

Load

L1=0.36uH

L2=0.36uH

Co

RT8851

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

0.36uHInductor

10uFx22MLCC

330uFx4POSCAP

BSC032N03SGLS-MOSFET

BSC094N03SGHS-MOSFET

~44AIOUT

7V~21VVIN

2-PH NAVPTM w/ 2 driversController

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Promotion Kits Promotion Kits –– Design ToolDesign Tool

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Demo Board I Demo Board I

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13-Channel PMU with I2C and USB TXR

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RT9926 Demo System Control Flow

USB CONNECT

OE#

SPD

RCV

VP

SUS

VM

VBUS

VTRM

D+

D-

GND

SIE

CONTROLLER

USB-I2

C

BRIDGE

VCC GND

ON/OFF CONTROL&

I2C INTERFACE

LDO10

LDO2

LDO3

LDO4

LDO5

LDO1

LDO9

LDO8

LDO7

LDO6

Buck1

Buck2

RT9904 PMICRT9904 PMICRT9904 PMICRT9904 PMIC

VBAT

USB Xceiver

SCL

SDA

PWR_ON

RT9926 GUI

RT9926 PMIC

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RT9926 GUI

GUI for easy Control

USB communication for popular connection

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Package Trend

Flip chip

SO series

19919988~2000~2000 20022002 20042004 20020066 20020088

Dual row

QFN

COL

TSSOP

TQF

P

Power QFN

WL-CSP

MCM QFN

SOT

DDPAK

TSOT

QFN/DFNV-type

QFN/DFNX-type

QFN/DFNW-type

S

C

High

Performance

High

Performance

Low R_onLow R_on

High DensityHigh Density

SIP

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QFN Package

QFN

• Reduce electrical parasitic

• Lower thermal resistance

• Improved board space efficiency

• Reduced mounted height

• Reduced package mass

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WLCSP

WLCSP-I

WLCSP-II

• Reduce electrical parasitic

• Chip scale size

• Improved board space efficiency

• Reduced mounted height

• Reduced package mass

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Reliability and Qualification

• ESD

• Latch-up

• Surge

• Plug in Spiking

• Current Spike

• Noise Injection

• Electron Migration

• EMI

• Process qual.

• Package qual.

• Alpha site test

• Beta site test

• Final Test

• Temperature test

• OLT burn in

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Failure Analysis -- I

• VCOM to AGND BGND to AGND ESD cell

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Failure Analysis -- II

• OBIRCH Substrate OM

VCOM NMOS

drain to source

lateral spiking

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Failure Analysis -- III

The damage site is

similar to return sample

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Summary

• Power IC industry is mutual in TW

• Foundry process technology is available

• Own system topology design capability

• Own silicon circuit design capability

• Promotion kit service is available

• Quality and reliability have been proven

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Http://www.richtek.com

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Contest for Power Management IC Design & System Application

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Contest for Power Management IC Design & System Application