INTRODUCTION TO ART

Week Six

Iris Tuan

INTRODUCTION TO ARTWEEK 6

GesturalismEmotionalismCaravaggismAbsolutism

Ch. 13 傳統與創新 ( 一 ) 十五世紀晚期的義大利Ch. 14 傳統與創新 ( 二 ) 十五世紀的北方Ch. 15 和諧的獲致 他斯卡尼與羅馬 十六世紀早期

GESTURALISM

Facial expressions and bodily postures 5 distinct forms of gesturalism in

Baroque painting: 1. reveal or convey emotion and

character 2. indicate status and role, in social

norms 3. tell stories and indicate moral

meanings 4. gestures of everyday life 5. narrative gesture

THE RAISING OF LAZARUS 1619 Giovanni Francesco Barbiere called IL

Guercino On the left a woman raises her hand to show

her shock and surprise through the gesture. The man behind her points at Lazarus

explaining the significance of the event.

THE RAISING OF LAZARUS

ST LOUIS OF FRANCE WITH A PAGE 1590s Domenico Theotocopoulos called EL Greco Saint Louis of France holds rod on top of

which a hand is half-folded in the act of blessing.

A subtle, politically significance use of a gesture that asserts the holiness of all the Kings of France descended from him.

ST LOUIS OF FRANCE WITH A PAGE

GESTURALISM– MERRY COMPANY

Artist: Nicolas Tournier

Date of completion:

Description: Gesturalism denotes facial expression and bodily postures which convey meanings that make an art work more intelligible. A good example of this is Merry Company by Nicholas Tournier, while the work depicts the time, very little is known about the artist or his meaning in his work.

GESTURALISM– LE CONCERT

Artist: Nicolas Tournier

Date of completion: 1635

Description: Gesture is an important aspect of all non-abstract art. Within the context of the Baroque art, it also refers to the often complex groupings of figures in which a variety of gestures conveys a diversity of responses to the subject.

EMOTIONALISM Baroque art appeals to, and often

manipulates, viewers’ emotions. Minimise the literal and psychological

distance b.t. the art work & the viewer Transformation or revelation Absence of any foreground Reinforce feelings of exclusion and inferiority

THE MARTYRDOM OF SAINT PHILIP

1639 Jusepe de Ribera At the moment of maximum tension Just as the saint is about to be hoisted

into the air Face with suffering as he concentrates

on God Evoke feelings of sorrow, compassion

and devotion

CHRIST ON THE CROSS

1632 Diego Velázquez Its emotional immediacy is almost brutal. Background is all in black Dramatic chiaroscuro prevents the viewer’s

gaze wandering away from Christ on the Cross.

CHRIST ON THE CROSS

EMOTIONALISM - THE MAIDS OF HONORArtist: Diego de Velazquez

Date of completion: 1657:

Description: Oil canvas, this painting represents the royal family, court functionaries, and the artist himself

Emotionalism:In Baroque art emotionalism appeals to and often manipulates viewers’ emotions.

EMOTIONALISM - THE DRINKERSArtist: Diego de Velazquez

Date of completion: 1629:

Description: Valazquez uses various techniques which minimize the literal and psychological distance between the art work and the viewer.

PORTRAIT OF DIEGO DE VELAZQUEZ

Artist: Diego de Velazquez(1599-1660)

Description:a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary baroque period

CARAVAGGISM

Caravaggio Michelangelo (1573-1610) The 1st decade of the 17th century many

Italian artists were influenced by the work of Caravaggio.

In favor of greater Realism and dramatic painterly techniques

E.g. Chiaroscuro

THE SUPPER AT EMMAUS

CRUCIFIXTION OF PETERArtist: Caravaggio Michelangelo

Date of completion: 1601

Description: : Caravaggio rejected the dominant Mannerist style, and Renaissance idealism, in favour of greater Realism and dramatic painterly techniques such as chiaroscuro

CALLING OF ST. MATTHEWArtist: Caravaggio Michelangelo

Date of completion: 1600

Description: :Caravaggio’s late work employed very strong chiaroscuro – the contrast between darkness and light. He also experimented with cropping his figures to give the impression that the dramas represented in his paintings were being observed close-up

THE DENIAL OF ST. PETERArtist: Caravaggio Michelangelo

Date of completion: 1600

Description: :In the chiaroscuro a woman points two fingers at Peter while a soldier points a third.

Caravaggio tells the story of Peter denying Christ three times with this symbolism.

ABSOLUTISMABSOLUTISM

Monarchical government in which the sovereign’s rule is unchecked

Louis XIV’s famous statement: ’L’etat, c’est moi’ (‘I am the State’)

Government during which rulers openly expressed their belief in absolute power

ABSOLUTISMABSOLUTISM

Royal commissions and Royal Academies were utilized to shape an official art and define public taste in which the person, power and preferences of the King were central

Charles I employed ‘court painter’ to establish the popular image of the monarchy

ABSOLUTISM

The Majority of Louis XIIIPETER PAUL RUBENS

In this piece of propaganda, female figures representing the Virtues are rowing a boat which represents France.

ABSOLUTISM

Louis XIVHYACINTHE RIGAUD

Rigaud’s portrait of Louis XIV has all the formality of a piece of official art commissioned to provide a fitting image of absolute monarchy

GASPARD DE GUEIDAN PLAYING THE MUSETTE

Artist: Hyacinthe Rigaud

Date of completion: 1738

Description: :Absolutism is a form of monarchical government in which the sovereign’s rule is unchecked. It is most succinctly exemplified by Louise XIV’s famous statement ‘L’etat, c’est moi’ (‘I am the State’)

SELF PORTRAIT OF HYACINTHEArtist: Hyacinthe Rigaud(1659-1743)

Description: :Absolutism depicts the pursuit, consolidation and expression of this power. Hyacinthe Rigaud depicts this image in his painting of Louise XIV’s.

CH. 13 傳統與創新 ( 一 ) 十五世紀晚期的義大利

國際風格 各學派 阿爾伯提 (Leone Battista Alberti, 1404-1472) 的創新

在教堂與大宅邸 吉柏提 (Lorenzo Ghiberti, 1378-1455) 的鍍銅浮雕 安傑利訶 (Fra Angelico, 1387-1455) 的謙遜畫風 烏塞洛 (Paolo Uccello, 1397-1475) 對透視法著迷 高卓利 (Benozzo Gozzoli, 1421-1497) 呈現貴族出遊盛

況

代表藝術家的作品

曼帖那 (Andrea Mantegna, 1431-1506) 更精確的 “真實”

佛蘭契斯卡 (Piero della Francesca, 1416?-1492) 對光線的處理

波雷奧洛 (Antonio Pollaiuolo, 1432?-1498) 三對相互呼應的設計

包提柴利 (Sandro Botticeli, 1446-1510) 隨意歪曲自然的自然作風

喬凡尼 (Gheradardo di Giovanni, 1446-1497) 利用藝術呈現歷史

CH. 14 傳統與創新 ( 二 ) 十五世紀的北方

火燄式 (Flamboyant Style) 的盧昂大法院 垂直式 (Perpendicular) 的劍橋國王學院 (King’s

College) 的禮拜堂 洛希內爾 (Stefan Lochner, 1410?-1451) 天使拉開布幕

的單純畫面空間 塔威尼葉 (Tavernier) 的飾畫表現生活的典型 傅肯 (Jean Fouquet) 的人物像是模塑出來

代表作品 維登 (Rogier Van der Weyden) 用自己方

法呈現從遠處來看的巨大祭壇畫 果斯 (hugo van der Goes) 呈現 12 使徒各

種反應 史托斯 (Veit Stoss) 的祭壇雕飾 , 流露真實

感與豐富表情 木刻—挖掉一切 , 留下要顯示的線條 銅雕—把所要的線條刻入版中 , 更精細的效

果 荀高爾 (Martin Schongauer) 雕版畫以其

自己的意念在畫面上組合與配置 圖像印製—確定義大利文藝復興風格在歐洲

勝利

CH. 15 和諧的獲致 他斯卡尼與羅馬 十六世紀早期

大師的時代：達文西 米開蘭基羅 拉斐爾 提善 訶瑞喬 喬久內 杜勒 難爾班……

米蘭的一間修道院牆上的最後的晚餐 1502 年為一位佛羅倫斯女士做肖像畫 義大利人

稱” sfumato”-矇矓的輪廓與柔軟豐美的色彩 米開蘭基羅在禮拜堂鷹架上孤獨工作 4 年

最後的晚餐 , 1495-8, 達文西

蒙娜麗莎

拉斐爾：

格蘭杜卡的聖母像

RELATED VIDEO Diego Velaquez

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B95AMm_Zg54

Caravaggio Michelangelohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh4KW2

_MLBY&feature=fvst

Greek Sculpture (BBC: How Art Made the world)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88gXWW3qN7o&feature=related