introduction to fss and phased array antenna

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頻頻頻頻頻頻 (FSS) 頻頻頻頻頻頻頻頻 頻頻頻頻頻

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Page 1: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面 (FSS) 的設計及其在天線系統的應用

Page 2: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

討論內容 : 陣列天線 頻率選擇表面設計 頻率選擇表面的應用

Page 3: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線 多個天線單元的組合 ( 一般是相同的天

線單元 ) . 在空間中的排列方式有:

隨機排列. 規律排列:

一維線性排列二維平面性排列

Page 4: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線 Far Field Pattern的設計 Array factor multiplication

Array Antenna Pattern = Antenna Element Factor (EF) Array

Factor (AF)

1D linear array antenna

)/sinsin(

)/sinsin(

0

0

1

)sin()(0

d

Nd

eAFN

i

diNjk

Page 5: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線 Far Field Pattern的設計

d = 0/2

d = 0/4

d = 50/4

d = 0

81 arrayAssume: element factor = cos()

Page 6: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線 Far Field Pattern的設計 Array factor multiplication

Array Antenna Pattern = Antenna Element Factor (EF) Array

Factor (AF)缺點 : 沒有考慮天線單元之間的偶合效應沒有考慮陣列的的邊緣效應

•因陣列 truncation 而造成的反射

改善方法 : 以 Active Antenna Element Factor 來取代 Antenna Element Factor

Page 7: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線 Far Field Pattern的設計

r=3.0d = 0.510h = 0.762 mm

N=7

1N microstrip patch antenna

array

Page 8: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線的優點 Advantages (to name few of them): Scanning of beam High directivity High resolution Side lobe suppression

As small as possible is desired

Page 9: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線的應用例子

使用一個 156 單元 (782) 的 Vivaldi 陣列做為反射天線的 Focal Plane Array, 提高天線的解析度 .

Single dish observation result

( Ref: Tom Oosterloo, etc., “Apertif - the focal-plane array system for the WSRT “, Widefield Science and Technology for the SKA, SKADS Conference 2009 )

Page 10: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

陣列天線的缺點 Disadvantages (to name few of them): More antenna elements Designing of feed network Occupies more space Maintenance problems and cost Multi-band operation

Page 11: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面(Frequency Selective Surface FSS)A 2-dimensional periodic array of conducting patch or aperture elements is called a frequency selective surface (FSS) because of the frequency filtering property presented by the structure or dichroic.

(a) Rectangular grid

(b) Skew grid

Page 12: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面 (FSS) FSS structure comprising single screen in

dielectric layers FSS structure comprising multiple screens in

dielectric layers.

常用的頻率選擇表面單元N screens FSS

structure

FSS

Page 13: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面 (FSS)

Patch type(Capacitiv

e)

Aperture type

(Inductive)

Low pass filter

High pass filter

metal

dielectric

Page 14: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面 (FSS) 的設計

設計考量類似於天線陣列的設計工作頻率範圍 :

單頻帶 / 多頻帶( 差異 ) LPF/HPF/BPF

單元 pattern 的選擇 :對入射場極化方向的敏感度

(Sensitivity)工作頻帶的帶寬

單元的排列方式及間距 :單元之間間距 0/2( 差異 ) 只有二維的單元排列選擇

Page 15: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面 (FSS) 的設計

(0th

)

(0th

)

(1st

)

(2nd

) (nth

)

mnmnxy

ymny

mnmnx

xmnx

kt

m

t

nkk

kt

mkk

sinsincot2

sin

2

cossin2

00,

00,

Einc

(-1st)

之間及之間並不是等差的關係

單元的週期 tx 及 ty 大小會影響 scattered wave 的性質 . 當 tx 及 ty 接近半波長時 , m及 n 的值大於 1 時 , 因為 kx2+ky2>k0

2 所代表的 Floquet mode 會是 evanescent wave, 而不是 propagating mode.

Znm ,

Floquet mode

Page 16: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面 (FSS) 的設計

X

Y

頻率選擇表面對入射場極化方向的要求 :

Ey

Hy

The propagation vector k lies in the X-Z plane TEz

incidence

TMz incidence

f1

f2

f1 > f2

L

W

Page 17: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面 (FSS) 的設計

N screens FSS structure

FSS

Multiple screens FSS structure

h

若 h 的值遠小於波長 , 則高階的 Floquet modes 有可能在衰減到很常弱之前就從第 k 片金屬片傳播到第 k+1 片金屬片 , 或反之 , 從而改變金屬片上的電流分佈 , 進而改變了頻率選擇表面的頻率響應 .

(i, hi)

(i+1, hi+1)

k-th screen

(k+1)-th screen

Page 18: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面的應用 -1 濾波器 保護天線-避免環境

影響

Page 19: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面的應用 -2 濾波器 保護天線-避免環境影響 降低電磁波的散射

Page 20: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面的應用 -3Sub-reflector

Page 21: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面的應用 -4Spatial filter

Horn antenna w/o FSSHorn antenna w/ FSS

( Ref.: T.K. Wu, “Frequency Selective Surface and Grid Array”, p.17)

Page 22: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面的應用 -5Fabry-Perot cavity

antenna

Page 23: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

頻率選擇表面的應用 -6

( Ref: Dan Sievenpiper, etc., “High Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces with a Forbidden Frequency Band“, IEEE Trans. MTT, vol. 47,

No. 11, pp. 2059 - 2074 )

Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG)

Page 24: Introduction to FSS and Phased Array Antenna

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