Introduction to Grand RoundsIntroduction to Grand Rounds

AKA – the art and science AKA – the art and science

of masterful presentationsof masterful presentations

Michael Saulino, MD PhD Michael Saulino, MD PhD

Assistant ProfessorAssistant Professor

Department of Rehabilitation MedicineDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine

Thomas Jefferson University Thomas Jefferson University

The Golden RuleThe Golden Rule

All presentations come do to one thing …All presentations come do to one thing …

Why Bother?

Why Bother?Why Bother?

• Residency requirement – poor reasonResidency requirement – poor reason

• Academic requirementAcademic requirement

• Effective learning toolEffective learning tool

• Practice developmentPractice development

• Professional developmentProfessional development

ObjectivesObjectives

What should the audience learn?What should the audience learn?

1-3 objectives are typical for each lecture hour1-3 objectives are typical for each lecture hour

Use action verbsUse action verbs

• To improve the effectiveness of grand rounds To improve the effectiveness of grand rounds presentationspresentations

OutlineOutline

• Not the same as objectivesNot the same as objectives

• Framework for lectureFramework for lecture– GeneralitiesGeneralities

– Picking the topicPicking the topic

– Do’s and don’t listDo’s and don’t list

ComponentsComponents

• PresentationPresentation– PowerPoint slide show to be deliver verballyPowerPoint slide show to be deliver verbally

• HandoutsHandouts– Textual document for later useTextual document for later use

– Not a printout of PowerPoint slideshowNot a printout of PowerPoint slideshow

Picking the topicPicking the topicPerhaps the most crucial componentPerhaps the most crucial component

• Must be interesting to the presenter Must be interesting to the presenter

• Must be narrowMust be narrow– Poor Poor → “Spasticity”→ “Spasticity”

– Better → “To review the pathophysiologic underpinnings Better → “To review the pathophysiologic underpinnings of the spastic condition”of the spastic condition”

• Nice to have a case to revolve aroundNice to have a case to revolve around““To review the pathophysiologic underpinnings of the spastic To review the pathophysiologic underpinnings of the spastic

condition as illustrated by a unique clinical presentation”condition as illustrated by a unique clinical presentation”

Picking the topicPicking the topic

Be the expertBe the expertNot as hard as you thinkNot as hard as you think

Marshal your alliesMarshal your allies

Neutralize your enemiesNeutralize your enemies

Recognize and acknowledge controversiesRecognize and acknowledge controversies

Researching the topicResearching the topic

• Start with a textbookStart with a textbook

• Then do a PubMed searchThen do a PubMed searchwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.govwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

• Move to review articlesMove to review articles

• Leave primary research articles for lastLeave primary research articles for last

• Recent publications make you look coolRecent publications make you look cool

Do’s Do’s

• Start with the last slide! • Tell the audience “Why they should bother”Tell the audience “Why they should bother”• Consider slide arrangementsConsider slide arrangements

– Eye lands in optical centerEye lands in optical center– Strive for visual balanceStrive for visual balance– Place logo in cornersPlace logo in corners

• Use a dark background and light colored fontUse a dark background and light colored font• Use the same font throughout the presentationUse the same font throughout the presentation

Do’s Do’s

• Acknowledge disclosures – mentors, assistants, Acknowledge disclosures – mentors, assistants, conflicts, off-label use, IRB status, publication statusconflicts, off-label use, IRB status, publication status

• Add references to handoutsAdd references to handouts• Use diagrams to demonstrate relationshipsUse diagrams to demonstrate relationships• Limit size of pictures in presentationsLimit size of pictures in presentations• Use upper case letter at the beginning of a lineUse upper case letter at the beginning of a line• Analyze the environment - size of room, placement of Analyze the environment - size of room, placement of

chairs, time of day, temperature, distractions, AV chairs, time of day, temperature, distractions, AV equipment, backup contingenciesequipment, backup contingencies

Do’sDo’s

• Dress professional but comfortableDress professional but comfortable

• Focus on pacing – Focus on pacing – ~~ minute per slide, longer minute per slide, longer for figures, shorter for photos for figures, shorter for photos

• Add “pacing” slides – quotes or photos are good Add “pacing” slides – quotes or photos are good for this for this

““Good teaching is one fourth preparation and Good teaching is one fourth preparation and three fourths theater”three fourths theater”– Gail GodwinGail Godwin

Do’sDo’s

• Be concrete. Use examples, statistics, reiteration, comparison.

• Be enthusiastic

• Use humor judiciously

• Provide handouts prior to presentation– Enlarge key graphs, diagrams, tables

Don’tsDon’ts

• WAIT TILL THE VERY LAST MINUTE TO WORK WAIT TILL THE VERY LAST MINUTE TO WORK ON YOUR PRESENTATION ON YOUR PRESENTATION

• Read slides – speak eloquently, write telegraphicallyRead slides – speak eloquently, write telegraphically

• Use cute animations unless it is criticalUse cute animations unless it is critical

• Add references to presentationsAdd references to presentations

• Cram words and lines into one slideCram words and lines into one slide

– Seven words per lineSeven words per line

– Avoid one word per lineAvoid one word per line

– Seven lines per slideSeven lines per slide

Don’tsDon’ts

• Use graphs to show detailUse graphs to show detail

• Use large tablesUse large tables

• Use more than 2 graphs per slideUse more than 2 graphs per slide

• Use punctuation marks unless necessaryUse punctuation marks unless necessary

• Use audio/video unless necessaryUse audio/video unless necessary

• Require an internet connection unless necessaryRequire an internet connection unless necessary

Table ClutterTable Clutter

Don'tsDon'ts

Use Use

creative creative

but but

bizarre bizarre backgroundsbackgrounds

Answering QuestionsAnswering Questions

• Anticipate questions• Understand the question• Plan the answer• Do not digress • Be honest• Control interchanges• Use the last question to summarize