introduction to thermal deformation and machining …€pdf...

1

Introduction to Thermal Deformation and Machining Accuracy

()

pdf

pdf

()

2


1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

()

(e)

1.5 ()

(a)

(b) 2()

(c)

1) ()

2)

3) 20

3

2.1

2.2

(a)

(b) ()

(c)

(d)

2.3

2.4 [:(:)]

(a)

(b)

(c)(:)

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.8

3.1

(a)

(b)

(c)2:

3.2

(a)

(b)

(c)(2)

4.1 ()

4.2

4.3 (:)

4.4

(a)

(b)

(c)

4

5.1

a

b

c

5.2

5.3

5.4

(a)

(b)

5.5

(a)

(a-1)

(a-2)

(a-3)

(b)

(b-1)

(b-2)

(b-3)

(b-4)

(b-5)

(b-6)

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5 (:)

6.6

(:)

6.7

5

6.8

(a)()

(b)

(c)

(d)

6.9

6.10

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

7.1 ()

(a)

(b)()

(c)

(d)

7.2 ()

(a)

(b)()

(c)

(d)()

(e)()

7.3

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

6

7.4

(a)

(b)

(c)

7.5

(a-1)()

(a-2)

(b)

(c)

7.6

(a)

(b)

(c)()

7.7

(a)

(b)

8.1

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d-1)

(;)

(d-2)

(;)

(e)

7

8.2

(a)1

(b-1)

(b-2)

(c)

(d)CNC

8.3

8.4

8.5

(a)

(b)

8.6 ()

8.7

8.8 PSD

9.1

9.2

(a-1)

(a-2)

(b)

(c)

9.3

9.4 (; A/D)

8


1)()

(1997),p.3,14,17,21,39,52,57,58,63

,64,169.

1-1)(2011)8 ,p.746.

(2000)9

,p.1431.

2)

()(1970),p.119,122,171,172.

Wayne R. MOORE:Foundations of Mechanical Accuracy, p.119,122,171,172. 3)(5)-

,(),(1978)6 ,p.757,758.

(6)-

,(),(1978)7 ,p.897.

5)(1980),p.16,20,21,22.

(1984)B2,p.170.

5-1)2008,p.1-6,1-7,1-12.

5-2)

3 ,(1973)2,p.236.

6)()(1981),p.291,786.

7)()p.17,19

8)()

(1986),p.43,314321.

8-1)()http://www.heishin-dispenser.jp/

compass/compass14.html

8-2).htm

9)Loewen & Shaw: On the Analysis of Cutting-Tool Temperatures,

9

Trans. of the ASME(1954)vol.76,Feb. p.224.

10),()(1987),p.677.

()

( 3)(1961)178 p.949

15)(1984)B4,p.111.

Wikipedia.

16)()

http://www.marusyosangyo.jp/etc/74

17)

1990,p.61-67.

17-1) PVCF1_4.htm

http://denkou.cdx.jp/Opt/PVC01/PVCF1_4.html

:Nomotohttp://t.nomoto.org/spectra/000198.html

17-2)()

http://www.fintech.co.jp/sah/buturi-teisuu.htm

18)(1968),p.9.

(1)

,()(1990)8 ,p.913.

20) 84

()(1984),p.32.

,()(1990)1 ,p128.

24)

,()(1990)1 ,p.128,129,131,132.

25)(6)--

, ()(1978)7 ,p.896.

,()(1990) 1 ,p.141,142,148,149.

25-1)G.Spur Thermal Behavior of Machine Tools,

Advance MTDR Conf.(1969),p.151,154,155.

27)

,()(1990)1 ,p.182.

28)

,()(1990)1 ,p.207.

10

Improving Machining Accuracy in Turning with Use of Tool

Holder Made of Super-invar,

International Mechanical Engineering Congress(1991)p.88.

29)(3)

,()(1990)10 ,p.1126,1129.

(4)

,()(1990)11 ,p.1228.

(5)

,()(1990)12 ,p.1330,1333.

(1989)9 ,p.1707,1710.

C(1990)521 ,p.158.

33)

()(1986)p.26,75,p.89108,110,119,128.

33-1):K.YOKOYAMA and others: Analysis of Dimensional Error and

Improvement of Honing Accuracy by In-process Compensation of

Thermal and Elastic Deformations,

Int. J. Japan Soc. Prec. Eng.(1992)No.3,p.251.

34)

(1975)11,p.1080.

35)( 1

)

( 3)(1971)296 ,p.832.

36)

-( 2)-

(1975)4 ,p.367.

37)

38)

(1976)10 ,p.970.

1

),(1982)3 ,p.323.

39)

11

(1998)9 ,p.1355,

( 3

) (2003)11,p.1600.

USB

(2008)8 ,p.825.

(2004)12,p.1559.

(2004)8 ,p.1101.

39-1)

(1998)1,p.137.

40)KODERA,YOKOYAMA

Real Time Estimation of Ball-Screw Thermal Elongation

Based upon Temperature Distribution of Ball-Screw,

JSME International Journal(2004)No.4,p.1175.

(2005)12 ,p.1529,1530.

( 1 )

(2008)9 ,p.935.

(

)(2008)10 ,p.1065.

40-1)Wikipedia.mht

NACHI-4308-2.pdf.

41)

,

(1995)11,p.1586.

(1996)2 ,p.210.

N

(2002)1 ,p.93

12

43)

(C)(1997)11 ,p.4026,4029.

CNC

(C)(2003)10 ,p.27782781.

43-1),()(1966),p.17,30.

45)() http://www.okuma.co.jp/onlyone/thermo/index.html

47)() https://www.jp.nsk.com/services/pm_techreport/

48)

(1998)10 ,p.1476.

PSD()

(2009)11,p13411343.

48-1) FEM

C(1991)10,p.3280.

(1993)5 ,p.205.

50)

,()(1988)6 ,p.189.

51) 7(1997)4

13

Introduction to Thermal Deformation and Machining Accuracy 01

(:)(:)

(:

)

(:)

NC

()()

14

43)44)45)

1.1

(a)(b)

1)

(a)()1-1

(b)

()

(:)

2

(a)

(b)

15

(a)

()

(a)

1-1)

1-1(a)

1-2

1.2kgfkgf

:

1-2

)

(b)

1.2

()

16

()

(:)

1.3

1-3

10m10m

0m 20m

-20m

100m

-100m

()

()

17

1-4

3)

1-3

1.4

1-3

1-3

(a)

or

18

()

(b)

(:

)

1

19

1-5

1-3

2

1/16

2

1-5()

(m)

1-6

(N/m, kgf/m)

1-3

(N/m, kgf/m)= /

:

20

(c)

1

(d)

3

2

(N/m)

(N/m)

:

C

21

2

2

3

2

()

2

1-7

+

+

CCW90

L

L =L 1-1

L

1-71-1

D D 1-2

22

D

D =D 1-2

D

D D

D

1-7-2

D 1-3

D

(D +D )

D (D +D)= (D +D)=(D +D )

1-3

(1-3)

1-7

(:)

(:)

l x

1-7

2

23

()

1

1-8

1-8

1-8

1-8

6.3

1-92

1-9()

:2

2

24

(

)

11.810-61/

23.210-61/

48)

1-9

48-1)

48)48-1)

1-10

1-10C

01hr

25

(:)

01hr

(:)

(:)

(:)

2

1-10

(

)

1-11

YCCCW90

1-11

(

)

(e)

(/m, K/m)

:

26

(:)

1-12(

)/m

1-12

()

N/m

1-1235rpm

(:)

1

1-12900rpm20

900rpm1

(1)

8.2

1.5 2()

(a)

1-4

27

(b) 2()

1-32

2

(c)

1) ()

1-13

1

2

1-14

28

2)

1-15

a

CCWh

h

0.05mm0.05mm

1-15

0.01mm

(:)

:

:

29

0.020.03mm7)

1-16

=0.01mm1/20.005mm

3) 20

1-16

(:)

1-17

(:)

1-18

(:)

1-19a

1-19(b)

(:)

20

30

1-16,1-17,1-19

1-20

20

20

1-20

20

20

20

31


2.1

1-3

2-0(a)

(b)

2.2

(a)

()

2-1

F P (2-1)

F

32

:

P

2-1 F

V t

W F() E F

W FFV P V (2-2)

E FW Ft (2-3)

(2-3)

W F(2-2)

N(m/s)= Nm/s = J/s = W(:Watt)

E F(2-3)

Ws = (J/s)s = J (1J= 0.239calIT)

: 0.31

: 0.10.3

: =0.010.1

(EHL) : 0.0010.01

(:)

1:()

)

()

33

2-2(a)

2-2(b)

2-1

2-1

1

1 1)

2-1

2-1

:W=(J/s)

34

2

2-1

2-3

p 2

2-1

(b) ()

2-4

(:

)

2-4

(

)

2-2

35

()

90

()

()

1

()

2-4

()

(c)

2-1(c)

36

2-5(a)

(a)

(:)

2-5(b)

(:)

()

2-5

(b)

:

: 1520my

(:)

(:180)

37

U (:

)W (b)

y

(d)

Q = I 2Rt (2-4)

Q :(J) I :(A)

R :() t :(s)

()

+

()

2-4

(2-4)I,R

()()

38

6-9(b2)

6-9(c)

39

2.3

2-6

2-5

2-5

:

:

1Q = U + W

Q

U

W

[1]

40

2-6

27

2

2-1-1 2-1-3

2.4 [:()]

()8-2)

(:)(:)

1

41

(:)

(:)

(a)

3

128(a)

L 2

dQ21[W]1[W]1[J/s]=0.2388[calIT/s]

dQ21[W]28(2-1)

[W/(mK)]

2-2

calIT:International Steam Table calorie

IT

1 calIT = 4.1868 J

:

(:)3:()

:

:

():

(:

)

42

(b)

(:)

28(b)

1 0

1 0

dQ10[W]28(2-2)

(:)[W/(m2K)]

(

)

2-3-1

2-3-2

2-3-1

0:

:

:

:

43

2-3-12-3-2

( :

100)dQ 10(:

)

(2-2)(10)0

dQ 10

(c)(:)

2-9 300nm

3,000nm(3m)

380nm780nm(:0.78m)

100nm380nm

: 380nm780nm

:780nm1,000m

1m m =1,000m, 1m =1,000 n m

44

2-8(2-3)

dQ 32 4

4

2-4-1

2-4-2

2-10

1-19(a)

1-19 (b)

2.5

2-0(b)

(:)3

2.4(b)(c)

45

2.6

3

2

1-7,1-8,1-9,1-10,1-11,1-12

1-81-7

1-7

1-9

1-10

1-11

X b

2.7

2-11(a)

(t=0hr)C

1Z55m

specific heat capacity=()

= specific heat :J/(kgK)

cp-cv= R cp:cv: R:

()8)

cp

46

55m

Y60m

60m

10Z

Y130m

130m

2.8

2-11(b)Z

(01hr)

2-11Z

(b)

47


3.1

2-72.3

2

(a)

2

2-1(a)(b)

2

48

1

1520m

(b)

2.2(a)

2-2(b)

49

(c)2

2

2-1(b)(c)

1

3.2

2-7

(a)

2020

3-1

50

(b)

()()

2.4(c)

2-10

100W/

51

(c)(2)

22.4(b)

2-3-1

2-3-12-3-2

53


(:)

(:)

4.1 ()

2-0(b)

4-1

(:)3:()

:

:

():

(:

)

()8-2)

(:)(:)

W/(mK) 2-82-1

a =/(c p)mm2/s ,

54

W/(mK)=J/s/(mK))1m1K

(1J/s=0.239calIT/s)

mm2/sa =/(c p) 2-8

(2-1)

(c p)

4-1Cu

1m1K1m2Cu

398W315W117mm2/s

Cu

()

2-2

1-51-11

55

1-10

Z

1-19(a)

4.2

(:)

28

(2-2)(:)[W/(m2K)]

()

2-3-12-3-2

1-10

1-10(or)

2-3-1

(or)

1-7

Y

56

4.3 (:)

2-10

1-19(b)

4.4

(a)

4-1

57

()

()

4-1

(:CW

)

1

58

(b)

2-2

2-2

()

(1)

2-2

(

)1

(

)

4-2(a)

59

4-2(c)

()

4-2(c)

0.1

(c)

1-19(a)

1-16-17

1-19(b)

(:)

2-10

0.05

2)4-3

1

60

4-3

4-3

61


5.1

(a

2.2.(C)

b 41)

(5-1)(5-2)

()

(;)

1(:)

1

1()

(1

)+

62

1MHz

(5-1-1)

5-1-216bitC1

C2C3

C1N1C3

N31

t1 = (N 3216 + N 1)tp (5-3)

N 3 N 1 (216-1)

fmin= 1/((232-1) tp ) (5-4)

CPtp=0.4sfmin= 5.8

10-4 Hz

PC

c 41)

63

5.1(b)

Ieq

5-2-15-2-35-3-15-3-3

d mN

64

5.2

(:)

=0

5.3

()

1

65

3

33

34)38)1

1

2

3

()

5.4

66

1

2014

(a)

5-2

(b)

5.5

67

(a)

--

-25-4- 1(a)(b)

(T1-T2)

PN

()

5-4-2

(:)

68

(

,sheath)

5-4-3

69

()

(a-1)

5-4-4

(a-2)

5-4-3

38)

39)40)

(a-3)

70

(b)

(b-1)

5-5-15-5-3

A,B

1

1

A/D5-5-2

0.4HzRC

150Hz

0.1m

0.1m

71

RC

A/D

5-5-3

(a-b)

(Start(0rpm)4998rpm)

(2550sec)

6-9(b2)

(10)

(26)2.5

5-5-3Fig.9(a)

(a-b)

(0

4998rpm)

(a-b)

72

5-5-3Fig.9(a)

(a-b)

start(a-b)(dLs)

Fig.9(b)

(b-2)

5-6-1mm

20m1mm

27927

23.210-61103(927-27) = 20.88m927

A3003

20.88m

20m

1)1mm= 23.210-6 1/

1mm

200

23.210-61103200 = 4.64m

2)

(5-6-1)

73

5-6-1

3)

or

13.610-62510320 = 6.8m

(SUS304=13.610-6 1/

25mm20

4)

ADE

40)

5-6-2

5)

5-6-1

1)5)20m

1)

3)5)

()

74

(b-3)

5-7

1520mm

(b-4)

()

1

5-8

()

75

(b-5)

(b-6)

()

77


6.1

6-1(a)

()

()

()

2-2(a)

2-2(a)

6-1(a)

4-2(a)

6-1(a)

()()6-1(a)

78

6-1(a)

(= -|a|-|b|)

2

6-1(b)

6-1(a)

6-1(b)(=|a|-|b|)

6.2

6.2

6-2(a)(d)

(a)

(b)()

()(c)

(b)(c)

(c)

(d)

79

1

6-1(b)

6-2(d)

4-2(a)4-2(b)

6-1(b)|a|

|b|(|a|-|b|)

6-2(d)

(|a|)(|b|)

6-1(b)6-2(d)

6.3

6-3(a)2

1-7

6-3a

6-3(b)(d)

6-3(b)

80

3mm(1007

37mm)

(W/mm2cal/(mm2/s))(:

)

5.2

6-3(c)

6-3(d)

(x=100mm)

1

6-3(a)

6.4

6-4(a)(b)(c)

81

6-4(b)

6.5 (:)

6-5(a)

(:)

(:)

6-5(a)(:)

(:)

(:

=10.7310-6 1/K)

(:=23.910-6 1/K)

6-5(b)

6-5(a)

(:)

(:

82

)

6-5(c)(d)

(12mm)

(24mm)

6-5(e)

6.6 (:

)

6-6(a)60mm

180mm

83

2

6-6(a)

FEM(

)6-6(b)6

135

3

7

8FEM

5(:5

)

53.75(:95.25mm)

6-6(c)12

FEM

1314

7,000rpm1m

6-6(d)7a

(b)FEM(c)

7,000rpm

84

6.7

NC

6-7(a)

6-7(b)NC(a)

(b1)(b2)

(b1)

(b2)(c)

6-7(a)

(:)

(:)

(:)

2

1-3

85

8.1

6.8

(a)()

6-8(a)

FEM

6-8(b)

6-8(b)(a + b )/2(:

)6-8(c)

6-8(b)(a)

0.1mm

2.2m(6-8(c)(b)7,200rpm)

(a-b)0.015m

0.5m(6-8(c)(a)3,500rpm)

(a- b )0.003m

6-8(b)(a)

86

6-8(b)

(70mm)

6-8(d)6-8(f)(a)

(a- b )(6-8(d)

(b))6-8(f)(b)

(a- b )0.1m

6-8(e)

(a)(b)(a- b )0.4Hz

150Hz

(

6-8(e)(c))

0.4Hz

6.8(b)

(b)

6-8(f)AB

a b 6-8(b)

6-8(f)

(a)a b

6-8(b)

(a- b )

87

6-8(f)(a)

stop(a- b )start

2

(a- b )

6-8(f)(a)(a- b )

2start

(a- b )(dD s )

1/40

dD sFEM

6-8(f)(b)6-8(b)(b)

5mm

(c)

6-8(g)

3a b

(a - b )6-8(h)(a)

a b

a

a b

()

88

(a - b )6-8(f)(a)(a - b )

dL s

FEM6-8(h)(b)

(

)

(d)

6-8(h)(a)a dL s

da s

6-8(i)(b)da s

1,0002,000rpm

da s

6-8(i)(b)da s

FEM

6-8(g)

(:)

6-8(i)(a)

a s

da f

da sda f(da s- da f)

FEM

d (6-8(a)(a))6-8(i)(b)

89

6.9

6-9(a1)

51(a)(b)

31(a)

6-9(a2)

(1,80012,000rpm(12,000rpm1kWAC))

SUS420J210mm

ch0ch7

IC,ADIC

LED

1

39)

6-9(b1)6-9(b2)

10,000rpm

90

6-9(a2)

6-9(b1)(b2)

6-9(a2)

()

6-9(c)

()

6.10

(a)

6-10(a)

6-10(b)

(b)

6-10(d)

()

(

2m2m2m

91

)

11.510-6(1/)2106m0.12.3m 2m

0.12.3m

2.3m

m

OFF

1

(b)

6-10e1

Fig.5.5Fig.5.6

92

6-10

e2

V

870rpm225

6-10e1

(c)

6-10(e1)

6-10(e2)

6-10(e2)(e1)(CW)

(CW)

(e1)CCW

6-10(e1)(e2)

93

(d)

6-10(e1)Fig.5.5

()

150m

6-10(e2)(a)

(

)6-10(e1) (e2)

6.10(a)

6-10(e2)

(e)

6-10(f1)

()

6-10(f2)

10 70m

94

(f)

6-10(g1)1

(:)2-3-12-3-2

(:)

6-10(g2)

(:)6-10(g2)

6-10(g2)

2

6-10(g3)40

70,110,150150

XT2XT2

13mZT

ZT18m

97


2-0(a)

7-1

7.1 ()

(:)

1-3

(a)

(b)()

(c)

(2-2)

(d)

(:W=J/scal/s) (J/s:Joule/s)

:

()

Joulecal()

98

(:)

7.2 ()

(a)

1-3

2-0(a)(b)

(b)()

()1-7

1-7

99

(c)

1.5m10

m

2

100

()

(

)

(d)()

()

(:)

(:)

2

NC

40)

101

(e)

(:36%Ni,0.7%Mn,0.2%C,%Fe)

2-0(a)(b)

LNGCRT

40-1)

28)

7.3

(a)

2-0(a)(b)

3-1

20

(b)

4-1

2-0(a)(b)

102

4.4(a)

(c)

(d)

(e)

2-0

()

(:)(:)

103

7.4

(a)

NC

PC

2-0(a)(b)

or

()+

(b)

NC

104

(c)

(:)

7.5

(a-1)()

2-0(a)(b)

3-1()

(a-2)

7-0

105

PC

(b)

4-3

(c)

2-10()

100W

11

2-10

7.6

(a)

2-0(a)(b)

1-10Z

10hr0.5hr0.53hr

1-11Y X b

106

(b)

2-0(a)(b)

Watt:

[T]Nm(rad/s)J/sW

T

(:2-5(b))T

(c)()

()

()

107

7.7

(a)

7-1

1-7

(:)

( p169

10.5(d))

7-2(a)

L

(L+L)

(L+L)L

L (L-

L)

:

108

7-2(b)(:

)

(L+L)

L

7-2(a)(b)

7-2(a)

7-2(b)

7-2(a)(b)

(b)

7-2(a)(

)

(

)

111


8.1

NC

(a)

NC

6-7(b)(a)(b1)(b2)

(c)

8.1(e)

112

(b)47)

7-1

47)

()

4

113

(c)

8-3(a)

NCNC(

200m)

NC

l l X X (:X

A )

NCX

Point-to-point

8-3(b)

DF=12m/min6m/min

5m

NC

11

(d-1)

(;)

8-4(a)8-4(c)

1

8-4(a)

114

PC2X

NCPMC-windowPC2X

CNC/PMC/PC2

PC2

(1)

8-4(b)

1s

8-4(c)

comp.OFFcomp.ON

(

115

)

8-4(c)CCW

PA t8-4(d1)

comp.OFF

PA tcomp.ONPA t

8-4(d2)(:(1))PA t

comp.OFFcomp.ON(:(1))

PA t

comp.ONPA t

8-4(d1)(d2)PA t(1)

LR 1

(4)

(z-0

)8-4(d3)6hr

-1.1+1.1m

(d-2)

(;)

20

20

8.1(d-1)8-4(c)

8.1(d-2)

20

116

AD594

0

()

PC

0

0

(2)

compON

8-5(a)

(:z+171mm)

z+171mm

z+171mm

T0mean

z-0z-384mm2

2

T0mean

384mm2

(:0)

117

8-5(a)(3)

8-5(a)

T(3)

TPA384(4)

8-5(a)

z+171mmCCW

8-5(b)

(:Z nomNC

)8-5(a)

2

8-5(b)()

2

2

(5)

(5) Z nomNC

8-5(a)

8-5(b)

(5)

()

()Z nomNC

8-5(c)8-2

R-temp.266hr186hr23

12hr

30min.1.5

30min.

118

16.5hr4

ONOFF

8-5(d)

8-230min.

z-0z-384mm

24mm21s

(4)7s(5)7s

OFF 7s

OFF8

-5(d)(a)OFF0.5hr16.

5hr

z-0z-384mm

8-5(d)(b)6.511.5hr

-

8-5(d)(c)

ONOFF18.523.5hr

8-5(c)(b)18.523.5hr

8-5(d)(c)

8-5(e)(a)z-0z-384mm2

(4)

023.5hr16.526.5

z-0z-384mm-8.4

+1.4mz-0z-384mm

8-5(e)(b)z-0z-384mm2

24mm(5)

z-0z-384mm

-7.9+1.5m

119

(4)(5)

8-5(f)(4)z-0

z-384mm

z-264mm8-5(f)

(4)

8-5(a)

(5)z-0

z-384mm24mm

Z nomNC

z-0z-384mm

24mm

8-3(max.-min.)

(4)(5)

8-38.5hr

z-0z-384mm

(5)(4)

8-2LHT-F18R

z-0z-384mm20z-0z-192,z-384mm

321s(4)

(5)OFF

8-5(g)comp.OFF

(4)3)

8-5(g)(a)comp.OFF

8-5(d)(a)0.5hr

comp.OFF

20z-0

z-192,z-384mm

(4)comp.ON8-5(g)(a)z-0

z-192z-384mm6.5hr-7.60

m

120

63

(6)8-5(g)(b)-0.4+2.2m

(e)

6-7(b)(c)

6-7(b)(a)(b1)(b2)

(:)

()

()

8.2

xy

(PC)PMCCNC

121

()

(a)1

1-12f

n = 35rpm

f

f

(b-1)

8-6(a)

3

()

8-6(b1)

6-10(e2)

(:)

122

8-6(b1)

8-6(a)

22

5 8-6(b1)

()

8-6(b2)

8-6(b1) 8-6(b2)

(b-2)

8.2(b-1)

1/2

8-6(b3-1)(15mm)

8-6(b3-2)

8-6(b3-1)

123

22

(c)

45)

11-7

1

45)

()

(d)CNC

f(x1+x2)=f(x1)+f(x2)

8-8(b1)(1)(4)

124

gij(t)uj(t)

(4)ij(t)

8-8(b1)(b2)(b3)8-8(b3)t=0

1

8-8(b1)1

18-8(b2)(b1)2

(b2)2

2(b2)1

1,000rpm

8.3

()

(1)(:ijgijuj)

(4) (ijuj

ij(t)=uj(t)

gij(t))

125

8-9(a)

8-9(b1)(b2)

8.4

8-10 LLNL(:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory)

J.B.Bryan

20

0.006

8.5

(a)

8-11

126

(b)

8-6(b1)8-6(b2)

870rpm

1/10

()

8.6 ()

4-14.4(1)(:)

8.7

6-4(a)

127

6-4(b)

8.8 PSD

1

1

8-12(a1)

(:(a))

2

8-12(a1)LD(:)PSD()

(:

)

LD4*2mm

1.27mm

PSD

128

1PSD1PSD

PSD

PSDPSD

LDPSD

8-12(a1)

PSD

8-12(a1)

PSD

8-12(b1)PSDPSDVpsd(1)

8-12(a2)

10,000rpm

8-12(b2)8-12(a3)

objtool

180

1,836rpm

PSDm

8-12(b2)08min.

0rpm1,836rpm10,000rpm

129

slit

350mm8-12(a2))

10,000rpmslit

ad

obj

tool

8-12(b3)10,000rpm

PSD

PSD

100mm

8-12(b)PSD3mm

PSDmm

8-12(b4)tool

ref10,000rpm

toolref

err-0.89+1.91m

131


9.1

9-19-2(a)(f)

(a)

m() mm() m()

10-3m()10-6

km()k103

1 km =1*103*m =103m =1,000m

1 mm =1*10-3*m =10-3m =0.001m

1m =1*10-6*m =10-6*m =10-3*10-3m =10-3*1mm =0.001mm

=0.000001mm

[Pa = N/m2] :1m2N

[N/mm2,kgf/mm2] :1mm2N

[kg/m3]1m3kg

1kg(:)1kgf

(1kgf1kg

1kg)

[J/K]1K

J

[J/(kgK)]1kg()1K

132

J

[W/(mK)]()

2-8(a)(2-1)1m

21K

1m2

W

[W/(m2K)](

)

()1K

1 m2

W

X:(m)V:(m)t(s)

X = V *t

=(m)=(m)*(s)=(ms)

V(m/s)

=(m)=(m/s)*(s)=(m*s)/s=(m)

m() m()()

in()Length:

s(),min.(),hr()Time:

133

kg(),t()car()

Mass:

(m/s)LT -1

[Pa = N/m2][N/mm2,kgf/mm2]

9.2

(a-1)

9-1(a)

9-1(b)= 0

0 9-1(b)

9-1(a)L

Lf

2

134

2

0.01mm

93

f

9-2

9-2

CCW

9-2

f

f = h

1(

)h

h

135

0.01mm

(a-2)

9-4-19-4-26070m

(b)

100mm

*0.2112

JIS B7506

(c)

9-5

()

136

1-20(:)

9-1(a)

9-3

Y2

Y1

Y1

360

5.6(b-2)

(:)

137

9.3

A/D

9.4 A/D

A/D

A/D

A/D

9-6A/D1LSB

A/D

(:)

(

)

LSB: Least Significant Bit2

101

138

A/D

A/D

A/DA/DA/D

2A/D1

A/D(

)

A/D

0-111111171191

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