Grammar

ContentsIntroduction77781 3.1.92 i.e., / / /7782 2.2.19 i.e., / /7785 2.2.22 i.e., / / (Eg)7787 5.4.87 i.e., ---- / / /8788 5.4.91 i.e., -- / /8790 5.4.88 i.e., / / /9791 8.4.7 i.e., / + /9799 5.4.97 i.e., / /9801 5.4.99 i.e., / /10803 5.4.101 i.e., / / (Eg)10806 5.4.105 i.e., / / (Eg)108076.3.46 i.e., / / /11 ()118122.4.26 i.e., / / /11 () (Eg.)12813 2.4.27 i.e., / / (Eg.)12814 2.4.29 i.e., / /12815 2.4.30 i.e., / / (Eg.)13816 2.4.31 i.e., / / / (Eg.)13821 2.4.17 i.e., / /13 () (Eg)13, () (Eg)13 () (Eg)14825 2.4.22 i.e., / /14826 2.4.23 i.e., / /14828 2.4.25 i.e., / / (Eg)1415829 2.2.23 i.e., / / (Ref) (2016)15830 2.2.24 i.e., / /(eg)15831 6.3.34 i.e., / / () / / / (Ref)15832 5.4.116 i.e., / /16835 7.4.14 i.e., / / (eg.)16836 6.3.35 i.e., / / /16 ()16838 6.3.37 i.e., / - /17 () (eg)17840 6.3.39 i.e., / / / /17841 6.3.40 i.e., / / / (eg) (2016)18846 2.2.27 i.e., / / / / /18847 6.4.146 i.e., / /18848 2.2.28 i.e., / / / / (eg.)19849 6.3.82 i.e., / /(Eg) (2016)19852 5.4.113 i.e., / / / / (Eg)19857 8.4.3 i.e., / / /19860 5.4.120 i.e., ------- / (Eg)19863 5.4.124 i.e., / / / (Eg) (2016)20866 5.4.127 i.e., / /20867 5.4.128 i.e., / / (Eg)20871 5.4.133 i.e., / / (Eg)20872 5.4.134 i.e., / /20873 6.1.66 | i.e., / / / (Ref)20874 5.4.134 | / / /21877 5.4.138 i.e., / / /(Important)21882 5.4.144 i.e., / / (Eg)21889 5.4.151 i.e., / /(2016)21 () (Eg)22891 5.4.154 i.e., / / (Eg) (2016)22896 5.4.159 i.e., / / (Eg)22898 2.2.35 i.e., / / (eg.)2223901 2.2.29 i.e., / / (ref)23902 2.2.31 i.e., / /23 () i.e., + 24903 2.2.32 i.e., / / (Eg)24 ()24 | ()24905 2.2.34 i.e., -- /25 () (Ref)25906 2.4.2 i.e., / / --- /25913 2.4.9 / / / /25915 2.4.11 i.e., / / (Eg)25916 2.4.12 / --------- /(Ref)26 ()26917 2.4.13 i.e., / / /26921 6.3.25 i.e., / / /26922 6.3.26 i.e., / /26 ()26926 6.3.29 i.e., / /26929 6.3.32 i.e., / / (Ref)27912 2.4.8 i.e., / (2016)27930 5.4.106 i.e., / ---- / /2727931 1.2.65 i.e., / / / / / /27932 1.2.66 i.e., / / / (Ref)28933 1.2.67 i.e., / /28934 1.2.68 i.e., / / (Ref)28936 1.2.70 i.e., / /2828940 5.4.74 i.e., / /28944 5.4.76 i.e., / /29945 5.4.77 --- /29955 5.4.70 i.e., / / (Eg)29956 5.4.71 i.e., / / (Eg)2930Introduction to Aluk30958 6.3.1 i.e., / /30959 6.3.2 i.e., / / (Imp.)30961 6.3.4 / / (Imp.)30964 6.3.5 / /30963 6.3.6 i.e., / / / (Ref)30964 6.3.7 / / (Imp)31965 6.3.8 i.e., / /31966 6.3.9 i.e., -/ / / (Ref)31967 8.3.95 i.e., / /31969 6.3.11 / / (Imp)32 ()32970 6.3.12 / / / (Imp)32971 6.3.13 i.e., / / /32972 6.3.14 i.e., / / /32976 6.3.18 | i.e., -- / / (Eg)33978 6.3.21 / /(Imp)3333992 6.3.54 i.e., / /331014 6.3.86 i.e., / / (Ref)331019 8.3.80 i.e., / / /331025 6.3.99 i.e., / / / /34Technical Terms3434343434343434343435353535Short Notes35Ashtaadyaayi (Refer Sowmyajis session)35Paaninihi (Refer Sowmyajis session)35Nirukta3535Samaasaah36Avyayeebhaavah36Tatpurushah37Upapadam37Karmadhaaraya37Dviguhu37Bahuvrihihi37Dvandva38Aluk39Ekasheshah39Appendix39Codes:39Out of syllabus (this years portion)39Sutram40

Introduction

| In sandhi, only the last character of the first word and the first letter of the second word are only impacted. The meaning is not considered. In Samaasa, both the words are considered along with their meaning. Hence we refer to the two words as Poorvapadaartha and Uttara padaartha rather than taking just the Poorva pada & Uttara pada.

781 3.1.92 i.e., / / /

sutram for . It states that the term given in the Saptami vibhakti in the sutras are to be considered as upapadam. For example there is a sutra called i.e., . Here Karmani is the 7th vibhakti form of the padam called Karma. So all the karma padams are to be considered as upapadams. For example in , since kumbham is the Karma padam,it is considered as the upapadam. This is an adhikaara sutra and a samgnaa sutra.

782 2.2.19 i.e., / /

This is the sutram for .It states that an Upapadam can join with a . refers to kriya padam. refers to the Kridanta padams that are formed using the . For example in () = the conjugation of the upapadam with the kridanta padam is possible by this sutra. By , + becomes.

785 2.2.22 i.e., / /(Eg)

This is the sutram for . The ,i.e., upapadas that are enjoined by the sutras from 3.4.47 to 3.4.64 ,are compounded optionally with the Indeclinables ending in |

Eg. | Note that the samaastapada has krutya. The compounding is optional.

787 5.4.87 i.e., ---- / / /

- | This sutra mentions the rule to apply as the . The word gets at the end of the compound, if it comes after the words like , , , and and also when it follows a number or an Avyaya. means a word denoting a part.

Eg. | Ekadeshi Tatpurusha Samasa is by (+++) is elided by | samaasaanta suffix is by |Masculine is by |

Eg. | Samaahara Dvandva Samasa is by | is elided by | samaasaanta suffix is by |Masculine is by |

Eg. | Eg. | Eg. | (Karmadhaaraya by )Eg. ()When the word follows a , the is in the neuter gender by ( )| Eg. ( by ) |

788 5.4.91 i.e., -- / /

This sutra mentions the rule to apply as the |The suffix is added at the end of the ending in , and |

Eg. |

Eg. | Ekadeshi Tatpurusha Samasa is by () by by by by Eg. | Here the karmadhaaraya samasa is by |It gets by |So it becomes + + | is substituted for by | + + | is elided by | is by | + | Masculine is by |

Eg. | shashti tatpurusha by | by | in is elided by |

Eg. | Here the dvigu samaasa is by

790 5.4.88 i.e., / / /

This sutra mentions the rule for when there is a . is substituted for after ---, and . These words are got from the sutra |

Eg. | Here the karmadhaaraya samasa is by |It gets by |So it becomes + + | is substituted for by | + + | is elided by | is by | + | Masculine is by |

Eg. | Here the dvigu samaasa is by

791 8.4.7 i.e., / + /

This sutra mentions the rule for of . After the in the previous word ending in the substitute (for ) has its sound replaced by sound.

Eg. | Here the karmadhaaraya samasa is by ..... It gets by |So it becomes + + | is substituted for by | + + | is elided by | is by | + | Masculine is by |

799 5.4.97 i.e., / /

- | This sutra mentions the rule to apply as the . The tatpurushasamaasa ending in referring to the dog as an example or upamaana for a non-living object gets as the .

Eg. | Here the dog is compared to a five-inch wooden instrument used for dragging grain from the granary.

Counter Eg. | Comparison with a living being.

801 5.4.99 i.e., / /

- |This sutra mentions the rule to apply as the . The suffix is added to a ending in as the samaasanta, provided there is no elision of a .

Eg. | This is formed by Here after , comes due to . Then it becomes due to |Eg. = |

803 5.4.101 i.e., / / (Eg)

- The samaasaanta will come to the word , according to the opinion of the Eastern Grammarians, at the end of a dvigu compound and when preceded by the word ardha in a Tatpurusha compound.

Eg., / | The dvigu samaasa is by Optional samaasaanta gives |Eg., = / |

806 5.4.105 i.e., / / (Eg)

- This sutra mentions the rule to apply as the . The samaasaanta will come optionally for the tatpurusha ending in following and |

Eg., without pratyaya. with pratyaya. The happens by 6.4.14 on making it |

Eg., with pratyaya. without pratyaya.The karmadhaaraya compound(having the prathipadikam )is formed by2.1.61 becomes by 6.3.46 The happens by 6.4.14 on making it |The samaasaanta comes optionally by

8076.3.46 i.e., / / /

This sutra states the rule for the changes that happen in the first word , where in it gets a added i.e., | will have its final letter substituted by (), if a word in the same gender, case-ending and number (i.e., ) or the affix follows.

Eg., with pratyaya. without pratyaya.The karmadhaaraya compound(having the prathipadikam )is formed by2.1.61 becomes by 6.3.46 The happens by 6.4.14 on making it |The samaasaanta comes optionally by **Eg. = |The karmadhaaraya compound(having the prathipadikam )is formed by2.1.61 becomes by 6.3.46 Counter example for not being in the same vibhakti = | The example for is + = |

()

has when the word comes as the and the sense of Yoked is implied.

[Note: The earlier vaartika is ]

Eg., = | + = by and | Bahuvrihi samaasa | by this vaartika () to sutra | [Note: by 5.4.92 / /|

Counter Example. = |Tatpurusha samaasa | Here the dvigu samaasa is by | Then |

8122.4.26 i.e., / / /

This sutra states the rule to determine the of the compound word. The gender of and compounds is that of the final member. here stands for , since in the case of , the gender is neuter by , which is an apavaada sutra to the current sutra.

Eg. = | The second word is in feminine gender and hence the samasta pada is in feminine gender. ( ) | = ending in masculine gender. ( ) |

Another example for Tatpurusha