investment property - nelson cpa · • introduce cost model, ... investment property is property...
TRANSCRIPT
1
copy 2005-07 Nelson 1
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠MBA MSc BBA ACA CFA CPA(Aust) CPA(US) FCCA FCPA(Practising)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 2
Before HKAS 40 helliphellip
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
CaseCase
Is it investment property
2
copy 2005-07 Nelson 3
Before HKAS 40 helliphellip
MTR Corporation LtdMTR Corporation Ltd statedbull The adoption of HKAS 40 would require all
revaluation gains or losses of investment properties to be taken directly to the profit and loss account hellip
bull The volatility of property prices therefore could have significant impact on the level and consistency of the Companyrsquos future operating profits
(2004 Annual Report)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 4
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties - 4226 2576
For year ended 31 Dec 2004HK$rsquoM
Turnover 1154Profit before tax 783
2005HK$rsquoM12505176
561561
Cases First helliphellipCaseCase
2006HK$rsquoM12683798
2727
Profit is constantly higher than the revenue
3
copy 2005-07 Nelson 5
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties - 4977 6921
For year ended 30 Dec 2004HK$rsquoM
Turnover 5257Gross profit 959Profit before tax 1705
2005HK$rsquoM2275
7857384
Cases First helliphellipCaseCase
What if 2006 helliphellipWhat if 2006 helliphellip
2006HK$rsquoM4764
9249063
Profit is also constantly higher than the revenue
copy 2005-07 Nelson 6
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
HKAS 40HKAS 40
Todayrsquos Agenda
Simple but Comprehensive
Simple but Comprehensive
Recap and key issues
Recap and key issues
Real Life Cases and Examples
Real Life Cases and Examples
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
4
copy 2005-07 Nelson 7
From SSAP 13 to HKAS 40 - Summary
bull Introduce new requirements6 Disposals
bull Exemption to certain companies removed1 Scope
bull Detailed disclosure required including fair value of investment property
7 Disclosure
bull Transfer requirements are similar to those in SSAP 17 PPE before
5 Transfers
bull Introduce cost model chosen between fair value model
bull Fair value model refined
4 Measurementafter recognition
bull Same recognition principle applied to all costs (aligned with HKAS 16)
bull Measurement of assets from exchange of assets introduced (aligned with HKAS 16)
3 Recognition and Measurement at Recognition
bull Redefine investment propertybull Introduce owner-occupied property
2 Definitions
copy 2005-07 Nelson 8
1 Scope ndash Exemption RemovedExemption for some entities eliminated
bull The exemption in SSAP 13 for certain insurance companies and charitable government subvented and not-for-profit organisations was eliminated in HKAS 40
Implies that all these entities are required to apply HKAS 40 from the financial period beginning from 1 Jan 2005
Specific transitional provisionsfor this elimination additionally introduced in Nov 2005
Insurance co not-for-profit entities must follow
More to be discussed later hellip
More to be discussed later hellip
5
copy 2005-07 Nelson 9
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
copy 2005-07 Nelson 10
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
Examples of investment property under HKAS 40 includebull Property leased out under operating leasesbull Property held for long-term capital appreciationbull Property held for a currently undetermined future usebull Vacant property to be leased out under operating leases
6
copy 2005-07 Nelson 11
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull A property interestndash that is held by a lessee under an operating lease
may be classified and accounted for asinvestment property if and only ifbull the property would otherwise meet the definition of an
investment property andbull the lessee uses the Fair Value Model
bull This classification alternative is available on a property-by-property basis
bull However once this classification alternative is selected for one such property interest held under an operating lease all propertiesclassified as investment property shall be accounted forusing the Fair Value Model
An entity has a choice
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
SimpleSimpleLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP AlternativerdquoLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP Alternativerdquo
copy 2005-07 Nelson 12
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull Entity GV has 3 properties as followsbull Leasehold property Abull Leasehold property Bbull Freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 on its properties
ExampleExample
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
7
copy 2005-07 Nelson 13
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Introduce a new term owner-occupied propertyndash Defined as a property held (by the owner or by the lessee under a
finance lease) for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes
ndash In substance a property under HKAS 16ndash Being one of the examples that is NOT an investment property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 14
Examples that are NOT investment property includebull Owner-occupied propertybull Property (completed or under development) intended
for sale in the ordinary course of businessbull Property being constructed or developed for third partiesbull Property leased out under finance leasebull Property that is being constructed or developed for
future use as investment property
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Howrsquos the classification for existing investmentproperty being redeveloped for continued futureuse as investment property Still Investment PropertyStill Investment Property
ExampleExample
Which HKASWhich HKASHKAS 16 amp 17
HKAS 2HKAS 11HKAS 17
HKAS 16 amp 17
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
2
copy 2005-07 Nelson 3
Before HKAS 40 helliphellip
MTR Corporation LtdMTR Corporation Ltd statedbull The adoption of HKAS 40 would require all
revaluation gains or losses of investment properties to be taken directly to the profit and loss account hellip
bull The volatility of property prices therefore could have significant impact on the level and consistency of the Companyrsquos future operating profits
(2004 Annual Report)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 4
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties - 4226 2576
For year ended 31 Dec 2004HK$rsquoM
Turnover 1154Profit before tax 783
2005HK$rsquoM12505176
561561
Cases First helliphellipCaseCase
2006HK$rsquoM12683798
2727
Profit is constantly higher than the revenue
3
copy 2005-07 Nelson 5
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties - 4977 6921
For year ended 30 Dec 2004HK$rsquoM
Turnover 5257Gross profit 959Profit before tax 1705
2005HK$rsquoM2275
7857384
Cases First helliphellipCaseCase
What if 2006 helliphellipWhat if 2006 helliphellip
2006HK$rsquoM4764
9249063
Profit is also constantly higher than the revenue
copy 2005-07 Nelson 6
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
HKAS 40HKAS 40
Todayrsquos Agenda
Simple but Comprehensive
Simple but Comprehensive
Recap and key issues
Recap and key issues
Real Life Cases and Examples
Real Life Cases and Examples
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
4
copy 2005-07 Nelson 7
From SSAP 13 to HKAS 40 - Summary
bull Introduce new requirements6 Disposals
bull Exemption to certain companies removed1 Scope
bull Detailed disclosure required including fair value of investment property
7 Disclosure
bull Transfer requirements are similar to those in SSAP 17 PPE before
5 Transfers
bull Introduce cost model chosen between fair value model
bull Fair value model refined
4 Measurementafter recognition
bull Same recognition principle applied to all costs (aligned with HKAS 16)
bull Measurement of assets from exchange of assets introduced (aligned with HKAS 16)
3 Recognition and Measurement at Recognition
bull Redefine investment propertybull Introduce owner-occupied property
2 Definitions
copy 2005-07 Nelson 8
1 Scope ndash Exemption RemovedExemption for some entities eliminated
bull The exemption in SSAP 13 for certain insurance companies and charitable government subvented and not-for-profit organisations was eliminated in HKAS 40
Implies that all these entities are required to apply HKAS 40 from the financial period beginning from 1 Jan 2005
Specific transitional provisionsfor this elimination additionally introduced in Nov 2005
Insurance co not-for-profit entities must follow
More to be discussed later hellip
More to be discussed later hellip
5
copy 2005-07 Nelson 9
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
copy 2005-07 Nelson 10
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
Examples of investment property under HKAS 40 includebull Property leased out under operating leasesbull Property held for long-term capital appreciationbull Property held for a currently undetermined future usebull Vacant property to be leased out under operating leases
6
copy 2005-07 Nelson 11
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull A property interestndash that is held by a lessee under an operating lease
may be classified and accounted for asinvestment property if and only ifbull the property would otherwise meet the definition of an
investment property andbull the lessee uses the Fair Value Model
bull This classification alternative is available on a property-by-property basis
bull However once this classification alternative is selected for one such property interest held under an operating lease all propertiesclassified as investment property shall be accounted forusing the Fair Value Model
An entity has a choice
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
SimpleSimpleLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP AlternativerdquoLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP Alternativerdquo
copy 2005-07 Nelson 12
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull Entity GV has 3 properties as followsbull Leasehold property Abull Leasehold property Bbull Freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 on its properties
ExampleExample
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
7
copy 2005-07 Nelson 13
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Introduce a new term owner-occupied propertyndash Defined as a property held (by the owner or by the lessee under a
finance lease) for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes
ndash In substance a property under HKAS 16ndash Being one of the examples that is NOT an investment property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 14
Examples that are NOT investment property includebull Owner-occupied propertybull Property (completed or under development) intended
for sale in the ordinary course of businessbull Property being constructed or developed for third partiesbull Property leased out under finance leasebull Property that is being constructed or developed for
future use as investment property
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Howrsquos the classification for existing investmentproperty being redeveloped for continued futureuse as investment property Still Investment PropertyStill Investment Property
ExampleExample
Which HKASWhich HKASHKAS 16 amp 17
HKAS 2HKAS 11HKAS 17
HKAS 16 amp 17
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
3
copy 2005-07 Nelson 5
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties - 4977 6921
For year ended 30 Dec 2004HK$rsquoM
Turnover 5257Gross profit 959Profit before tax 1705
2005HK$rsquoM2275
7857384
Cases First helliphellipCaseCase
What if 2006 helliphellipWhat if 2006 helliphellip
2006HK$rsquoM4764
9249063
Profit is also constantly higher than the revenue
copy 2005-07 Nelson 6
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
HKAS 40HKAS 40
Todayrsquos Agenda
Simple but Comprehensive
Simple but Comprehensive
Recap and key issues
Recap and key issues
Real Life Cases and Examples
Real Life Cases and Examples
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
4
copy 2005-07 Nelson 7
From SSAP 13 to HKAS 40 - Summary
bull Introduce new requirements6 Disposals
bull Exemption to certain companies removed1 Scope
bull Detailed disclosure required including fair value of investment property
7 Disclosure
bull Transfer requirements are similar to those in SSAP 17 PPE before
5 Transfers
bull Introduce cost model chosen between fair value model
bull Fair value model refined
4 Measurementafter recognition
bull Same recognition principle applied to all costs (aligned with HKAS 16)
bull Measurement of assets from exchange of assets introduced (aligned with HKAS 16)
3 Recognition and Measurement at Recognition
bull Redefine investment propertybull Introduce owner-occupied property
2 Definitions
copy 2005-07 Nelson 8
1 Scope ndash Exemption RemovedExemption for some entities eliminated
bull The exemption in SSAP 13 for certain insurance companies and charitable government subvented and not-for-profit organisations was eliminated in HKAS 40
Implies that all these entities are required to apply HKAS 40 from the financial period beginning from 1 Jan 2005
Specific transitional provisionsfor this elimination additionally introduced in Nov 2005
Insurance co not-for-profit entities must follow
More to be discussed later hellip
More to be discussed later hellip
5
copy 2005-07 Nelson 9
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
copy 2005-07 Nelson 10
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
Examples of investment property under HKAS 40 includebull Property leased out under operating leasesbull Property held for long-term capital appreciationbull Property held for a currently undetermined future usebull Vacant property to be leased out under operating leases
6
copy 2005-07 Nelson 11
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull A property interestndash that is held by a lessee under an operating lease
may be classified and accounted for asinvestment property if and only ifbull the property would otherwise meet the definition of an
investment property andbull the lessee uses the Fair Value Model
bull This classification alternative is available on a property-by-property basis
bull However once this classification alternative is selected for one such property interest held under an operating lease all propertiesclassified as investment property shall be accounted forusing the Fair Value Model
An entity has a choice
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
SimpleSimpleLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP AlternativerdquoLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP Alternativerdquo
copy 2005-07 Nelson 12
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull Entity GV has 3 properties as followsbull Leasehold property Abull Leasehold property Bbull Freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 on its properties
ExampleExample
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
7
copy 2005-07 Nelson 13
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Introduce a new term owner-occupied propertyndash Defined as a property held (by the owner or by the lessee under a
finance lease) for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes
ndash In substance a property under HKAS 16ndash Being one of the examples that is NOT an investment property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 14
Examples that are NOT investment property includebull Owner-occupied propertybull Property (completed or under development) intended
for sale in the ordinary course of businessbull Property being constructed or developed for third partiesbull Property leased out under finance leasebull Property that is being constructed or developed for
future use as investment property
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Howrsquos the classification for existing investmentproperty being redeveloped for continued futureuse as investment property Still Investment PropertyStill Investment Property
ExampleExample
Which HKASWhich HKASHKAS 16 amp 17
HKAS 2HKAS 11HKAS 17
HKAS 16 amp 17
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
4
copy 2005-07 Nelson 7
From SSAP 13 to HKAS 40 - Summary
bull Introduce new requirements6 Disposals
bull Exemption to certain companies removed1 Scope
bull Detailed disclosure required including fair value of investment property
7 Disclosure
bull Transfer requirements are similar to those in SSAP 17 PPE before
5 Transfers
bull Introduce cost model chosen between fair value model
bull Fair value model refined
4 Measurementafter recognition
bull Same recognition principle applied to all costs (aligned with HKAS 16)
bull Measurement of assets from exchange of assets introduced (aligned with HKAS 16)
3 Recognition and Measurement at Recognition
bull Redefine investment propertybull Introduce owner-occupied property
2 Definitions
copy 2005-07 Nelson 8
1 Scope ndash Exemption RemovedExemption for some entities eliminated
bull The exemption in SSAP 13 for certain insurance companies and charitable government subvented and not-for-profit organisations was eliminated in HKAS 40
Implies that all these entities are required to apply HKAS 40 from the financial period beginning from 1 Jan 2005
Specific transitional provisionsfor this elimination additionally introduced in Nov 2005
Insurance co not-for-profit entities must follow
More to be discussed later hellip
More to be discussed later hellip
5
copy 2005-07 Nelson 9
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
copy 2005-07 Nelson 10
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
Examples of investment property under HKAS 40 includebull Property leased out under operating leasesbull Property held for long-term capital appreciationbull Property held for a currently undetermined future usebull Vacant property to be leased out under operating leases
6
copy 2005-07 Nelson 11
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull A property interestndash that is held by a lessee under an operating lease
may be classified and accounted for asinvestment property if and only ifbull the property would otherwise meet the definition of an
investment property andbull the lessee uses the Fair Value Model
bull This classification alternative is available on a property-by-property basis
bull However once this classification alternative is selected for one such property interest held under an operating lease all propertiesclassified as investment property shall be accounted forusing the Fair Value Model
An entity has a choice
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
SimpleSimpleLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP AlternativerdquoLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP Alternativerdquo
copy 2005-07 Nelson 12
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull Entity GV has 3 properties as followsbull Leasehold property Abull Leasehold property Bbull Freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 on its properties
ExampleExample
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
7
copy 2005-07 Nelson 13
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Introduce a new term owner-occupied propertyndash Defined as a property held (by the owner or by the lessee under a
finance lease) for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes
ndash In substance a property under HKAS 16ndash Being one of the examples that is NOT an investment property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 14
Examples that are NOT investment property includebull Owner-occupied propertybull Property (completed or under development) intended
for sale in the ordinary course of businessbull Property being constructed or developed for third partiesbull Property leased out under finance leasebull Property that is being constructed or developed for
future use as investment property
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Howrsquos the classification for existing investmentproperty being redeveloped for continued futureuse as investment property Still Investment PropertyStill Investment Property
ExampleExample
Which HKASWhich HKASHKAS 16 amp 17
HKAS 2HKAS 11HKAS 17
HKAS 16 amp 17
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
5
copy 2005-07 Nelson 9
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
copy 2005-07 Nelson 10
bull Amended and clearer definition on an investment property
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
2 Definitions ndash Revised
SSAP 13An investment property is an interest in land andor buildingsa) in respect of which construction work and development have
been completed andb) which is held for its investment potential any rental income
being negotiated at armrsquos lengthHKAS 40
Investment property is property (land or a building ndash or part of a building ndash or both) held (by the owner or by the lessee under a finance lease) to earn rentals or for capital appreciationor both rather than fora) use in the production or supply of goods or
services or for administrative purposes orb) sale in the ordinary course of business
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
Examples of investment property under HKAS 40 includebull Property leased out under operating leasesbull Property held for long-term capital appreciationbull Property held for a currently undetermined future usebull Vacant property to be leased out under operating leases
6
copy 2005-07 Nelson 11
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull A property interestndash that is held by a lessee under an operating lease
may be classified and accounted for asinvestment property if and only ifbull the property would otherwise meet the definition of an
investment property andbull the lessee uses the Fair Value Model
bull This classification alternative is available on a property-by-property basis
bull However once this classification alternative is selected for one such property interest held under an operating lease all propertiesclassified as investment property shall be accounted forusing the Fair Value Model
An entity has a choice
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
SimpleSimpleLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP AlternativerdquoLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP Alternativerdquo
copy 2005-07 Nelson 12
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull Entity GV has 3 properties as followsbull Leasehold property Abull Leasehold property Bbull Freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 on its properties
ExampleExample
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
7
copy 2005-07 Nelson 13
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Introduce a new term owner-occupied propertyndash Defined as a property held (by the owner or by the lessee under a
finance lease) for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes
ndash In substance a property under HKAS 16ndash Being one of the examples that is NOT an investment property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 14
Examples that are NOT investment property includebull Owner-occupied propertybull Property (completed or under development) intended
for sale in the ordinary course of businessbull Property being constructed or developed for third partiesbull Property leased out under finance leasebull Property that is being constructed or developed for
future use as investment property
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Howrsquos the classification for existing investmentproperty being redeveloped for continued futureuse as investment property Still Investment PropertyStill Investment Property
ExampleExample
Which HKASWhich HKASHKAS 16 amp 17
HKAS 2HKAS 11HKAS 17
HKAS 16 amp 17
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
6
copy 2005-07 Nelson 11
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull A property interestndash that is held by a lessee under an operating lease
may be classified and accounted for asinvestment property if and only ifbull the property would otherwise meet the definition of an
investment property andbull the lessee uses the Fair Value Model
bull This classification alternative is available on a property-by-property basis
bull However once this classification alternative is selected for one such property interest held under an operating lease all propertiesclassified as investment property shall be accounted forusing the Fair Value Model
An entity has a choice
Howrsquos about property held by the lessee under an operating lease
SimpleSimpleLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP AlternativerdquoLetrsquos term this classification as
ldquoOperating Lease IP Alternativerdquo
copy 2005-07 Nelson 12
2 Definitions ndash Extend to Operating Leases
bull Entity GV has 3 properties as followsbull Leasehold property Abull Leasehold property Bbull Freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 on its properties
ExampleExample
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
bull Property C is an investment property under HKAS 40 and GV must use HKAS 40 to account for it
bull Property A and B are not investment property under HKAS 40 However GV can choose to account for either A or B or both as investment property under HKAS 40
bull If Property A and B are not accounted for under HKAS 40 they will be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Measurement under HKAS 40 helliphellip to be discussed later
7
copy 2005-07 Nelson 13
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Introduce a new term owner-occupied propertyndash Defined as a property held (by the owner or by the lessee under a
finance lease) for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes
ndash In substance a property under HKAS 16ndash Being one of the examples that is NOT an investment property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 14
Examples that are NOT investment property includebull Owner-occupied propertybull Property (completed or under development) intended
for sale in the ordinary course of businessbull Property being constructed or developed for third partiesbull Property leased out under finance leasebull Property that is being constructed or developed for
future use as investment property
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Howrsquos the classification for existing investmentproperty being redeveloped for continued futureuse as investment property Still Investment PropertyStill Investment Property
ExampleExample
Which HKASWhich HKASHKAS 16 amp 17
HKAS 2HKAS 11HKAS 17
HKAS 16 amp 17
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
7
copy 2005-07 Nelson 13
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Introduce a new term owner-occupied propertyndash Defined as a property held (by the owner or by the lessee under a
finance lease) for use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes
ndash In substance a property under HKAS 16ndash Being one of the examples that is NOT an investment property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 14
Examples that are NOT investment property includebull Owner-occupied propertybull Property (completed or under development) intended
for sale in the ordinary course of businessbull Property being constructed or developed for third partiesbull Property leased out under finance leasebull Property that is being constructed or developed for
future use as investment property
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Howrsquos the classification for existing investmentproperty being redeveloped for continued futureuse as investment property Still Investment PropertyStill Investment Property
ExampleExample
Which HKASWhich HKASHKAS 16 amp 17
HKAS 2HKAS 11HKAS 17
HKAS 16 amp 17
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
8
copy 2005-07 Nelson 15
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Annual Report 2004 stated thatbull Investment and hotel properties with an unexpired
lease term of more than 20 years are included in the balance sheet at their open market value helliphellip
bull It is the grouprsquos practice to maintain hotel properties such that the residual values result in depreciation being insignificant
bull The related maintenance expenditure is dealt with in the income statement in the year in which it is incurred
bull Hotel furniture and fixtures is included in other fixed assets and is depreciated
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 16
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Refer back to HKAS 16 for definition of property plant and equipmentbull Property plant and equipment are tangible items that
a) are held for use in the production or supply of goods or servicesfor rental to others or for administrative purposes and
b) are expected to be used during more than one period
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied Property
Owner-occupied Property
Both for rental how to distinguishFor example how to distinguishbull A flat leased out for rentalbull A hotel
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
9
copy 2005-07 Nelson 17
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull One of the key indicators in determining the classification between investment property and owner-occupied property
Cash Flow
bull held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both
bull therefore generates cash flows largely independently of the other assets held by an entity
bull the production or supply of goods or services (or the use of property for administrative purposes)
bull generates cash flows that are attributable not only to property but also to other assets used in the production or supply process
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
copy 2005-07 Nelson 18
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-occupied property
Owner-occupied property
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
rarr investment property
If owner-managed hotel was classified as investment property before 2005 it should be reclassified asbull property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) orbull lease (HKAS 17)
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
Cash Flow Extent of Ancillary Services
bull provided by an entity to the occupants of a property it holds is also considered
owner-occupied property eg a owner-managed hotel is not an
investment property
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
10
copy 2005-07 Nelson 19
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull It may be difficult to determine whether ancillary services are so significant that a property does not qualify as investment property
bull for example there may be a spectrum from one end to another
bull Then judgement is required to determinebull Entities should develop consistent criteria
for use in exercising the judgement
Ancillary services not significant
Ancillary services not significant
Significant ancillary services provided
Significant ancillary services provided
Passive investorrArr Investment propertyrArr Use HKAS 40
Significant exposure to variation in the cash flows rArr Owner-occupiedrArr Use HKAS 16
How to determine those in between these 2 ends
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
copy 2005-07 Nelson 20
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LtdBeijing Enterprises Holdings Ltdbull Has early adopted all new HKFRS in 2004 and stated that
ndash Hotel properties were previouslybull not depreciated (except where the unexpired term of the lease is 20
years or less)bull stated at their open market values on the basis of annual professional
valuations performed at the end of each financial yearndash Upon the adoption of HKAS 16 and HKAS 40 hotel properties would be
bull stated at valuation less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses
ndash As a consequence of this change in accounting policy for hotel propertiesbull an aggregate amount of HK$6797000 was charged to the consolidated
profit and loss account for the year ended 31 Dec 2004 helliphellip
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
11
copy 2005-07 Nelson 21
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Significant impact on hotel group
bull Before 2005 its hotel properties are classified as investment properties which are stated at annual professional valuations at the balance sheet date
bull It announced on 17 Dec 2004 that its hotel properties ldquowill no longer be accounted for as investment propertiesrdquo from 2005
bull It will adopt the following accounting policies retroactively1 The underlying buildings and integral plant and machinery will be
stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment2 The underlying freehold land will be stated at cost less impairment3 The underlying leasehold land will be stated at cost and subject to
annual operating lease rental charge (amortization of land cost)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd(extracted from 2003 Annual Report and Announcement of 17 Dec 2004)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 22
bull 2004 Final Results Announcement of 31 Mar 2005 further stated that from 1 Jan 2005ldquoAdoption of these new accounting policies will have the following significant consequencesa) The net book value of fixed assets the overall provision for deferred
tax liabilities and the net asset value of the Group will be reducedb) The annual depreciation and lease rental charges will increase and
this will reduce the profit after tax attributable to the shareholders (ldquoPATrdquo) and the earnings per share (ldquoEPSrdquo) of the Grouprdquo
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
bull Owner-managed hotels cannot be classified as investment property
bull They can be classified as property plant and equipment (HKAS 16) andor leases (HKAS 17)
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied PropertyCaseCase
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
12
copy 2005-07 Nelson 23
bull Letrsquos do some comparison for 2004 (in US$rsquo000)
ShangriShangri--La Asia LtdLa Asia Ltd
Net assets at 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 3109bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 2379
2 Definitions ndash Owner-Occupied Property
Depreciation for the year ended 31122004bull as reported in 2004 Annual Report 39038bull as announced on 26 Aug 2005 474102121
2323
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 24
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
bull Some properties comprise a portion held as investment property and another portion NOT held as investment property
bull If these portions
Could be sold separately
Could be sold separately
Could not be sold separatelyCould not be
sold separately
or leased out separately under a finance leaserArr an entity accounts for the portions separately
rArr the property is investment propertyonly if an insignificant portion is NOT held as investment property
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
13
copy 2005-07 Nelson 25
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
Accounting policy (200405) on buildingsbull The cost of construction of the Duke of Windsor
Social Service Building ldquothe Buildingrdquo has been written down to a nominal value of HK$1
bull The Council hires out meeting rooms and auditorium in the Building to third parties and lease out some portion of usable floor area to certain bodies approved by the Government
bull Income derived from hiring meeting rooms and auditorium and leasing out usable floor area have been accounted for in the statement of operations as hiring fees rental and management fee income
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used OnlyCaseCase
Point for considerationbull Fulfil the definition of investment property bull Generate passive cash flow or owner-occupiedbull Separable under HKAS 40 If not significant portion for rental
copy 2005-07 Nelson 26
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
An entity owns property that is leased to and occupied by its parent or another subsidiaryrArr The property does not qualify as investment property in the
consolidated financial statements because the property is owner-occupied from the perspective of the group
rArr But from the perspective of the entity that owns it the property is investment property if it meets the definition of investment propertybull The lessor treats the property as investment
property in its individual financial statements
Changed from SSAP 13bull 15 benchmark is removedbull Property leased to group companies is still
investment property in an entityrsquos individual financial statements
ConsolidatedConsolidated
IndividualIndividual
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
14
copy 2005-07 Nelson 27
2 Definitions ndash Partially Used Only
Can the following freehold properties be classified as investment property in individual level and in consolidation
bull Parent Arsquos property leased to Subsidiary B
bull Subsidiary Crsquos property leased to Parent D
bull Subsidiary Ersquos property leased to Subsidiary F
bull Parent Grsquos property leased to Associate H
ExampleExample
Individual Consolidation
Yes No
Yes No
Yes No
Yes Yes
copy 2005-07 Nelson 28
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipmentbull Investment property shall be recognised as an asset when and only
whena) it is probable that the future economic benefits that are associated
with the investment property will flow to the entity andb) the cost of the investment property can be measured reliably
Recognition criteriaInitial CostInitial Cost Subsequent
ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
15
copy 2005-07 Nelson 29
3 Recognition and Measurement
Initial CostInitial Cost Subsequent ExpenditureSubsequent Expenditure
SSAP 17 Criteria not the same
HKAS 40 Same criteria
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the enterprise
bull Cost measured reliably
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefits in excess of the originally assessed standard of performance of the existing asset will flow to the entity
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
bull Probable that future economic benefit of the asset will flow to the entity
bull Cost measured reliablySame criteria applied to both costs
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Clearer approach on so-calledComponent Accounting
Expenditure not fulfilling the recognition criteria will be charged to income statement
Recognition criteria(capitalisation) for
copy 2005-07 Nelson 30
3 Recognition and MeasurementMeasurement at Recognitionbull An investment property shall be measured initially at its costbull Transaction costs shall be included in the initial
measurementbull The initial cost of a property interest held under a lease and
classified as an investment propertyndash shall be as prescribed for a finance lease in HKAS 17
ie the asset shall be recognised at the lower ofbull the fair value of the property andbull the present value of the minimum lease payments
ndash An equivalent amount shall be recognised as a liability in accordance with that same paragraph
bull Introduce the measurement base for investment property acquired from exchangebull Same as HKAS 16 Property Plant and Equipment
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
16
copy 2005-07 Nelson 31
3 Recognition and Measurement
If the acquired item is not measured at fair value its cost is measured at the carrying amount of the asset given up
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Rule on Exchange of Assets RevisedSame amendment in
HKAS 16 andHKAS 38
Same amendment in HKAS 16 and
HKAS 38
Cost of PPE acquired in exchange is measured at fair value
But not required if
In HKAS 16 ndash the exchange transaction lack of
Commercial Substance or
In SSAP 17ndash it is an exchange for similar assets
ndash the Fair Value is not reliably measurable(both asset received and given up)
copy 2005-07 Nelson 32
3 Recognition and Measurement
To determine Commercial Substancebull considering the extent to which its future cash flows
are expected to change as a result of the transaction
Commercial Substance exists ifa) the configuration (risk timing and amount) of
the cash flows of the asset received differs from that of the asset transferred or
b) the entity-specific value of the portion of the entityrsquos operations affected by the transactionchanges as a result of the exchange and
c) the difference in (a) or (b) issignificant relative to the fair valueof the assets exchanged
Commercial Substance
Commercial Substance
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 33
3 Recognition and Measurement
bull Even comparable market transactions do not exist Fair Value of an asset is reliably measurable ifa) the variability in the range of various
reasonable fair value estimates is not significant for that asset or
b) the probabilities of the various estimates within the range can be reasonably assessed and used in estimating fair value
bull If an entity is able to determine reliably the fair value of either the asset received or the asset given up
then the fair value of the asset given up is used to measure the cost of the asset receivedbull unless the fair value of the asset received is
more clearly evident
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
Fair Value of Exchanged Asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 34
4 Measurement after Recognition
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
HKAS 40 implicitly implies that the choice can only be elected on the first-time adoption of HKAS 40The model chosen should be applied to all investment properties except for1 Property held under operating lease
classified as investment properties 2 Investment property backing liabilities
that pay a return linked directly to thefair value of or returns from specificassets including that investment property
3 Investment property with a fair value thatcannot be reliably determinable on acontinuing basis (ie inability to determinefair value reliably)
and
No choiceonly fair value model
Choose a model for all such properties
No choiceonly cost model
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
18
copy 2005-07 Nelson 35
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull However even Cost Model is adopted HKAS 40 still requires all entities to determine the fair value of investment property helliphellipbull For disclosure purpose the fair value of the investment property
has to be disclosed in notes to the financial statementbull In determining the fair value of investment property for both cost
model and fair value modelrArr an entity is only encouraged but not required to rely on a
professional valuerrsquos valuation
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
More FlexibleMore Flexible
Introduce Cost Model and choose either
and
copy 2005-07 Nelson 36
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelAfter initial recognition an entity that chooses rarr
bull shall measure all of its investment property at fair value except in the cases that1 the fair value cannot be determined reliably or2 the cost model is chosen for the investment property backing liabilities that pay a
return linked directly to the fair value of or returns from specific assets including that investment property
bull When a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all investment
propertiesbull A gain or loss arising from a change in the fair value of
investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
DepreciationTax Implication
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
19
copy 2005-07 Nelson 37
4 Measurement after Recognition
bull Entity GV has 3 properties leasehold property A leasehold property B and freehold property C
bull All the properties are held to earn rentalbull What is the implication of HKAS 40 if GV chooses to account for A as
investment property
ExampleExample
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
bull Then GV has no choice in accounting for the investment propertybull It must adopt fair value model in accounting for all investment properties
including property A and C (subject to specific exceptions)bull While property A is accounted for at fair value model under HKAS 40
property B can still be accounted for under HKAS 17
copy 2005-07 Nelson 38
HKAS 40bull Uses fair value instead of open market value
ndash but in substance they are similarndash not the same as SSAP 13 HKAS 40 only encourages but not
requires a profession valuation on a fair value
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull Fair value is defined as the amount for which an asset could be exchanged between knowledgeable willing parties in an armrsquos length transactionndash Same definition used in other HKFRSs and HKASsndash But HKAS 40 provides more explanations unique for a fair value of a property
bull The fair value of investment property shall reflectmarket conditions at the balance sheet date
DepreciationTax Implication
No depreciation required in HKAS 40
Not our concern this time
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
20
copy 2005-07 Nelson 39
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as
explained below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 40
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment propertyrdquo requires an assessment of the fair value of investment properties
bull The group intends to follow the same accounting treatment as adopted in 2004 which is to value such investment properties on an annual basis
bull Accordingly the investment properties were not revalued at 30 June 2005 since the directors consider that such change of practice could introduce a significant element of short-term volatility into the income statement in respect of assets which are being held on a long-term basis by the group helliphellip
bull It is not practicable to estimate the financial effect of this non-compliance as no interim valuation of the properties has been conducted
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
21
copy 2005-07 Nelson 41
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
bull With effect from 1 January 2006 in order to comply with the HKAS 40 ldquoInvestment Propertyrdquo bull the group states its investment properties at fair value based on
independent third party valuation at both the interim and year-end balance sheet dates
bull This has resulted in an increase in the fair value of investmentproperties and a related deferred tax charge in the consolidatedincome statement for the six months ended 30 June 2006 amounting to HK$546 million and HK$89 million respectively helliphellip
However 2006 Interim Report stated However 2006 Interim Report stated that helliphellipthat helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 42
Under HKAS 40Fair value has the following attributesbull No deduction for transaction costs it may incur on sale
or other disposalbull Time-specific as of a given datebull Reflects rental income from current leases and from
future leases in light of current conditions (with reasonable and supportable assumption)
bull Refers to knowledgeable willing partiesbull Refers to an armrsquos length transaction
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
22
copy 2005-07 Nelson 43
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
bull Value in use consists of the following attributes which are not found in fair valuea) additional value derived from creation of a portfolio of propertiesb) synergies between investment property and other assetsc) legal rights or restrictions that are specific only to the current owner
andd) tax benefits or tax burdens that are specific to the current owner
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
What are the differences between fair value and value in use
What are the differences between What are the differences between fair value and value in usefair value and value in use
copy 2005-07 Nelson 44
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull The best evidence of fair value is given by current prices inan active marketndash For similar property in the same location and condition andndash Subject to similar lease and other contracts
bull An entity takes care to identify any differencesndash in the nature location or condition of the property orndash in the contractual terms of the leases and other contracts relating to the
property
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
23
copy 2005-07 Nelson 45
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If NO current prices in an active market an entity considers the information from a variety of sources includinga) current prices in an active market for properties of different nature
condition or location (or subject to different lease or other contracts) adjusted to reflect those differences
b) recent prices of similar properties on less active markets with adjustments to reflect any changes in economic conditions since the date of the transactions that occurred at those prices and
c) discounted cash flow projections (based on reliable estimates of future cash flows and using discount rate with appropriate adjustments and assumptions)
bull Considers difference conclusions to arrive reliable estimate of fair value within a range of reasonable fair value estimates
copy 2005-07 Nelson 46
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Modelbull There is a rebuttable presumption that an entity can reliably determine the fair value of an investment property on a continuing basis
bull However in exceptional cases and in initial recognition of investment property there is clear evidence that the fair value of the investment property is not reliably determinable on a continuing basisndash This arises when and only when
bull comparable market transactions are infrequent andbull alternative reliable estimates of fair value (for example based on
discounted cash flow projections) are not availablebull In such cases an entity shall measure that investment property (alone)
using the cost model in HKAS 16ndash residual value shall be assumed to be zerondash apply HKAS 16 until disposal of the investment propertyndash shall continue to account for other investment properties using the
fair value model
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
24
copy 2005-07 Nelson 47
4 Measurement after Recognition
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull If an entity has previously measured an investment property at fair valuendash it shall continue to measure the property at fair value until disposal or
cessation to be investment property even ifbull comparable market transactions become less frequent orbull market prices become less readily available
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 48
4 Measurement after Recognition
After initial recognition an entity that chooses rarrbull shall measure all of its investment properties in accordance with the
requirements of HKAS 16 for that cost model other thanbull those that meet the criteria to be classified as held for sale (or are included
in a disposal group that is classified as held for sale) in accordance with HKFRS 5 Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations
bull then those investment properties shall be measured in accordance with HKFRS 5
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
25
copy 2005-07 Nelson 49
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
ldquoThe change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
4 Measurement after RecognitionCaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 50
For the 6-month 3062005 2005HK$rsquoM
Turnover 613Profit before tax 3234
2004HK$rsquoM
562407
See a latest and actual case helliphellip
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
Once you chose Fair Value Model you cannot fall back to Cost Model
After creditingFair value changes on
investment properties 2799 -
Profit is even higher than the revenue
4 Measurement after Recognition
695695
CaseCase
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
26
copy 2005-07 Nelson 51
4 Measurement after Recognition
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004
Revenue 1563020 1280895Profit before tax 2783792 17635714781478
Once again profit is even higher than the revenue
Fair value changes on investment properties 2500169 -Profit before tax without HKAS 40 (by estimate) 283623 176357
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 52
bull Introduce transfer section (but is similar to those in SSAP 17 before)bull Transfers to or from investment property shall be made when and only
when there is a change in use evidenced by
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Depend on the model the entity is using helliphellip
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
27
copy 2005-07 Nelson 53
bull When an entity uses rarrndash transfers DO NOT change the carrying amount of the property
transferred andndash they DO NOT change the cost of that property for measurement or
disclosure purposes
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
Cost ModelCost Model
5 Transfer
copy 2005-07 Nelson 54
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer from investment property (ie the following cases) carriedat fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
the propertyrsquos deemed cost for subsequent accounting in accordance with HKAS 16 or HKAS 2 shall be its fair value at the date of change in use
a) Commencement of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of development with a view to sale
Change in use Transfer from investment property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
Property
5 Transfer
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
28
copy 2005-07 Nelson 55
5 Transfer
bull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair value even the properties are held under operating leases
bull On 1 Jan 2005 GVrsquos investment property A held under operating lease was stated at fair value of $1000 Its original cost was $800
bull On 10 Feb 2005 the lease of property A expired and GV decided and began to hold it as its office
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
bull Property A would no longer be investment property and would be reclassified as owner-occupied property
bull Even property A is held under operating lease such operating lease interest would still be accounted for as a finance lease continuously in accordance with HKAS 17 and classified and measured as propertyplant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16
bull The fair value at the date of change in use ie 10 Feb 2005 will be regarded as the deemed cost in property plant and equipment
copy 2005-07 Nelson 56
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
a) End of owner-occupation
b) Commencement of an operating lease to another party
c) End of construction or development
Change in use Transfer to investment property
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
InventoriesInventories
End of construction
End of construction
5 Transfer
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
29
copy 2005-07 Nelson 57
rArr Revaluation reserve is bull frozen andbull accounted for in
accordance withHKAS 16 subsequently
Investment Property
Investment Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Owner-Occupied Property
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
5 Transfer
Measurement at transferMeasurement at transfer
apply HKAS 16 up to the date of change in usetreat any difference at that date between its bull carrying amount under HKAS 16 andbull its fair value
in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16
bull For a transfer to investment property (ie the following cases) and that investment property will be carried at fair value
any difference betweenbull the fair value of the property
at that date andbull its previous carrying amount
shall be recognised in profitloss
InventoriesInventoriesInvestment
PropertyInvestment
PropertyEnd of construction
End of construction
copy 2005-07 Nelson 58
5 Transferbull GV has adopted HKAS 40 and stated its investment properties at fair
value even the properties are held under operating leasesbull On 1 Mar 2005 freehold property B stated at revalued amount of
$1000 (originally used as its own office) has been leased out to derive rental income Revaluation surplus recognised for B was $300 while Brsquos fair value at that date should be $1200
bull What is the accounting implication on the decision
ExampleExample
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
bull Property B would be reclassified as investment propertybull In accordance with HKAS 40 GV should apply HKAS 16 on B up to the
date of change in use and treat any difference at that date between its carrying amount under HKAS 16 and its fair value in the same way as a revaluation under HKAS 16bull Thus a revaluation surplus of $200 would be further recognisedbull Total revaluation reserves would become $500 ($200 + $300)
bull The revaluation reserves of $500 would be frozen and accounted for in accordance with HKAS 16 subsequently
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
30
copy 2005-07 Nelson 59
6 Derecognition (or Disposals)
bull An investment property shall be derecognised (eliminated from the balance sheet)1 on disposal or2 when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use
and no future economic benefits are expected from its disposalbull Gains or losses arising from the retirement or disposal of investment
property shall be determined as the difference between1 the net disposal proceeds and2 the carrying amount of the asset
and shall be recognised in profit or loss (unless HKAS 17 requires otherwise on a sale and leaseback) in the period of the retirement or disposal
copy 2005-07 Nelson 60
7 Disclosure
a) Disclosure for both Fair Value Model and Cost Modelbull whether the fair value model or the cost model is adoptedbull if fair value model is applied whether property interests held under
operating leases are accounted for as investment property bull if classification is difficult the criteria to distinguish investment property
from owner-occupied property and from property held for sale in the ordinary course of business
bull the methods and significant assumptions applied in determining the fair value of investment property
bull whether (and the extent to which) the fair value of investment property is based on a valuation by a qualified independent valuer
bull the amounts recognised in profit or loss say for rental income from investment property and direct operating expenses (including repairs and maintenance) arising from investment property
bull the existence and amount of restrictions on the realisability of investment property or the remittance of income and proceeds of disposal
bull contractual obligations to purchase construct or develop investment property or for repairs maintenance or enhancements
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
31
copy 2005-07 Nelson 61
7 Disclosure
b) Additional Disclosure for Fair Value Modelbull A reconciliation between the carrying amounts of investment property at
the beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull When a valuation obtained for investment property is adjusted significantly for the purpose of the financial statements the entity shall disclose a reconciliation between the valuation obtained and the adjusted valuation included in the financial statements
bull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value reliably and cost model is applied to a particular investment property additional disclosures are required
copy 2005-07 Nelson 62
7 Disclosure
c) Additional Disclosure for Cost Modelbull the depreciation methods used bull the useful lives or the depreciation rates usedbull the gross carrying amount and the accumulated depreciation (aggregated
with accumulated impairment losses) at the beginning and end of the periodbull a reconciliation of the carrying amount of investment property at the
beginning and end of the period similar to that of property plant and equipment
bull the fair value of investment propertybull In the exceptional cases when there is inability to determine fair value
reliably additional disclosures are required
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
32
copy 2005-07 Nelson 63
Adopted rarrbull Deem the carrying amount of an investment property immediately
before the applying HKAS 40 on its effective date (or earlier) as its costndash Any adjustments shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings
for the period in which HKAS 40 is first appliedndash Depreciation on deemed cost commences from the time at which HKAS 40
is first applied
Adopted rarrbull Opening balance of retained earnings shall be adjustedbull Comparative information
ndash Entities previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr encourage (but not require) to restate comparative information
ndash Entities NOT previously disclosed the propertyrsquos fair valuerArr shall NOT restate comparative informationrArr shall disclose this fact
8 Transitional Arrangements
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Example listed co
Example unlisted co charities
Included the charities taken exemption of SSAP 13 before
copy 2005-07 Nelson 64
Hang Hang SengSeng BankBank (2004 Annual Report)
bull Hang Seng Bank has NOT early adopted HKAS 40 but stated thatldquoBy adoption of HKAS 40 investment properties are carried at fair
value with the changes in fair value reported directly in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoThe Group will continue to adopt the fair value model for investment propertiesrdquo
The change in fair value of investment properties will cause volatility in the profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoOn transition the investment revaluation reserve will be transferred to retained profitsrdquo
ldquoThe Group will not restate its 2004 accounts as permitted under paragraph 80 of HKAS 40rdquo
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
33
copy 2005-07 Nelson 65
bull As a result of the adoption of HKAS 40ndash the Grouprsquos net profit attributable to ordinary shareholders has increased
by $51361 million (2004 $30350 million) andndash the net assets as at the year has increased by $1289 million (2004
$1300 million)bull These changes in accounting policies have been adopted
retrospectively with the opening balances of retained profits and reserves and the comparative information adjustedndash for the amounts relating to prior periods as disclosed in the consolidated
statement of changes in equity and note 23 of the accounts
8 Transitional ArrangementsCaseCase
bull Hang Lung Properties adopted a different transitional treatment from Hang Seng Bank
copy 2005-07 Nelson 66
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated thatbull Hotel properties
bull In previous periods the Grouprsquos self-operated hotel properties were carried at revalued amounts and were not subject to depreciation
bull HK Interpretation 2 requires owner-operated properties to be classified as property plant and equipment in accordance with HKAS 16 helliphellip
bull The Group has resolved to account for their hotel properties using the cost model
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HK Interpretation 2 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
bull Comparative figures have been restated (See Note 3 for the financial impact)
CaseCase
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
34
copy 2005-07 Nelson 67
8 Transitional Arrangements
Interim Report 2005 stated that
Six months ended 30 June (HK$rsquo000) 2005 2004Note 3 to the interim reportbull Increase in depreciation arising from
reclassification of hotel properties and owner-occupied properties to PPE 73245 50767
Condensed consolidated income statementbull Profit before tax (without fair value changes on
investment properties) 283623 176357
Percentage to the above profit 258 288
CaseCase
copy 2005-07 Nelson 68
8 Transitional Arrangements
Beijing Enterprises Holdings LimitedBeijing Enterprises Holdings Limitedbull Has early adopted all the new HKFRS in 2004 Annual
Report
bull Transitional arrangement on hotel properties
ndash In the absence of any specific transitional requirements in HKAS 16 HKAS 40 and SSAP-Int 23 the new accounting policy has been applied retrospectively
ndash The comparative statements for the year ended 31 Dec 2003 have been restated to conform to the new policy
CaseCase
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
35
copy 2005-07 Nelson 69
Thatrsquos all helliphellip
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
bull Practical application
copy 2005-07 Nelson 70
HK(SIC) Interpretation 21
Tax Base
Temporary Difference
Carrying Amount
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
36
copy 2005-07 Nelson 71
Income Tax ndash Recovery ofRevalued Non-Depreciable Assets
1 Issue2 Basis for Conclusions3 Conclusions4 Implication to Property in HK 5 Effective Date
copy 2005-07 Nelson 72
1 Issue
bull Under HKAS 1251 the measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets should reflectndash the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in whichndash the entity expects at the balance sheet date to recover or settle the
carrying amount of those assets and liabilities that give rise to temporary differences
Recover through usage
Recover from sale
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
37
copy 2005-07 Nelson 73
1 Issue
bull HKAS 1220 notes thatndash the revaluation of an asset does not always affect taxable profit (tax loss) in
the period of the revaluation andndash that the tax base of the asset may not be adjusted as a result of the
revaluationbull If the future recovery of the carrying amount will be taxable
ndash any difference betweenbull the carrying amount of the revalued asset andbull its tax base
is a temporary difference and gives rise to a deferred tax liability or asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 74
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
1 Issue
bull The issue is how to interpret the term ldquorecoveryrdquo in relation to an asset thatndash is not depreciated (non-depreciable asset) andndash is revalued under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631)
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
bull Interpretation 20 (superseded)ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under SSAP 13rdquo
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
38
copy 2005-07 Nelson 75
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The Framework indicates that an entity recognises an asset if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the asset will flow to the entity
bull Generally those future economic benefits will be derived (and therefore the carrying amount of an asset will be recovered)ndash through salendash through use orndash through use and subsequent sale
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
copy 2005-07 Nelson 76
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull Recognition of depreciation implies thatndash the carrying amount of a depreciable asset is
expected to be recoveredbull through use to the extent of its depreciable
amount andbull through sale at its residual value
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
bull Consistent with this the carrying amount of anon-depreciable asset such as land having an unlimited life will bendash recovered only through sale
bull That is because the asset is not depreciatedndash no part of its carrying amount is expected to be recovered (that is consumed)
through usebull Deferred taxes associated with the non-depreciable asset reflect the tax
consequences of selling the asset
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
39
copy 2005-07 Nelson 77
2 Basis for Conclusions
bull The expected manner of recovery is not predicated on the basis of measuringthe carrying amount of the assetndash For example if the carrying amount of a
non-depreciable asset is measured at its value in use
bull the basis of measurement does not imply that the carrying amount of the asset is expected to be recovered through use but through its residual value upon ultimate disposal
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Recovered through use (and final sale)
Depreciable asset
Depreciable asset
Recovered through saleRecovered
through sale
Non-depreciable
asset
Non-depreciable
asset
copy 2005-07 Nelson 78
Recover through use
and sale
Recover from sale
Recover through usage
3 Conclusions
bull The deferred tax liability or asset that arises from the revaluation of a non-depreciable asset under the revaluation model of HKAS 16 (HKAS 1631) should be measuredndash on the basis of the tax consequences that would follow from recovery of the
carrying amount of that asset through salebull regardless of the basis of measuring the carrying amount of that asset
No depreciation impliesnot expected to recover from usage
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 79
3 Conclusions
bull Accordingly if the tax law specifiesndash a tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from the sale of an assetndash that differs from the tax rate applicable to the taxable amount derived from
using an assetthe former rate is applied in measuring the deferred tax liability or asset related to a non-depreciable asset
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
copy 2005-07 Nelson 80
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull Remember the scope identified in issue before helliphellip
Implied thatbull an investment property if under HKAS 16
would be depreciable like land in HKbull the conclusion in HK(SIC) Interpretation
21 is not applicable to that property
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21ldquoalso applies to investment properties whichndash are carried at revalued
amounts under HKAS 4033ndash but would be considered non-
depreciable if HKAS 16 were to be appliedrdquo
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
41
copy 2005-07 Nelson 81
4 Implication to Property in HK
Tax rate on saleTax rate on sale Tax rate on usageTax rate on usageNot the same
Used for non-depreciable asset Whatrsquos the implication on land in HK
bull It implies thatndash the management cannot rely on HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 to
assume the tax consequences being recovered from salendash It has to consider which tax consequences that would follow
from the manner in which the entity expects to recover the carrying amount of the investment property
bull As an investment property is generally held to earn rentalsndash the profits tax rate would best reflect the tax
consequences of an investment property in HKndash unless the management has a definite intention to dispose of
the investment property in future
Different from the past in most casesDifferent from the past in most cases
copy 2005-07 Nelson 82
4 Implication to Property in HK
bull The early adoption of HKAS-INT 21 has resulted in a change in accounting policy relating to deferred taxation of the Grouprsquos investment property
bull Prior to this deferred tax arising from the revaluation of investment property was calculated on the basis that the property was held for sale
bull In accordance with the provisions of HKAS-INT 21 the deferred tax arising from the revaluation of the property should be recalculated as if the investment property is held through use and charged to the profit and loss account
2004 Annual Report HKEX
CaseCase
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
42
copy 2005-07 Nelson 83
4 Implication to Property in HK
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
CaseCase
bull The directors consider it inappropriate for the company to adopt two particular aspects of the newrevised HKFRSs as these would result in the financial statements in the view of the directors eitherbull not reflecting the commercial substance of the business orbull being subject to significant potential short-term volatility as explained
below helliphellip
copy 2005-07 Nelson 84
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull HKAS 12 ldquoIncome Taxesrdquo together with HKAS-INT 21 ldquoIncome Taxes ndashRecovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo requires deferred taxation to be recognised on any revaluation movements on investment properties
bull It is further provided that any such deferred tax liability should be calculated at the profits tax rate in the case of assets which the management has no definite intention to sell
bull The company has not made such provision in respect of its HK investment properties since the directors consider that such provision would result in the financial statements not reflecting the commercial substance of the businesssince should any such sale eventuate any gain would be regarded as capital in nature and would not be subject to any tax in HK
bull Should this aspect of HKAS 12 have been adopted deferred tax liabilities amounting to HK$2008 million on the revaluation surpluses arising from revaluation of HK investment properties would have been provided(estimate - over 12 of the net assets at 30 June 2005)
Interim Report 2005 clearly stated thatInterim Report 2005 clearly stated that
However 2005 Final Results Announcement disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 year-end
However However 2005 Final Results 2005 Final Results AnnouncementAnnouncement disclosed that disclosed that provision for deferred tax was finally provision for deferred tax was finally made with regard to revaluation of made with regard to revaluation of the HK investment properties (total the HK investment properties (total HK$22 billion) at 2005 yearHK$22 billion) at 2005 year--endend
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
43
copy 2005-07 Nelson 85
4 Implication to Property in HKCaseCase
bull In prior years the group was required to apply the tax rate that would be applicable to the sale of investment properties to determine whether any amounts of deferred tax should be recognised on the revaluation of investment propertiesbull Consequently deferred tax was only provided to the extent that tax
allowances already given would be clawed back if the properties were disposed of at their carrying value as there would be no additional tax payable on disposal
bull As from 1 January 2005 in accordance with HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 the group recognises deferred tax on movements in the value of an investment property using tax rates that are applicable to the propertyrsquos use if the group has no intention to sell it and the property would have been depreciable had the group not adopted the fair value model helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 86
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment propertiesbull In previous periods deferred tax consequences in respect of revalued
investment properties were assessed on the basis of the tax consequence that would follow from recovery of the carrying amount of the properties through sale in accordance with the predecessor interpretation (SSAP-Interpretation 20)
bull In the current period the Group has applied HKAS Interpretation 21 (ldquoINT-21rdquo) ldquoIncome Taxes - Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assetsrdquo whichbull removes the presumption that the carrying amount of investment
properties are to be recovered through sale
CaseCase
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
44
copy 2005-07 Nelson 87
4 Implication to Property in HK
2005 Interim Report stated the following for deferred taxes related to investment properties
CaseCase
bull Therefore the deferred tax consequences of the investment properties are now assessed on the basis that reflect the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects to recover the property at each balance sheet date
bull In the absence of any specific transitional provisions in HKAS INT-21 this change in accounting policy has been applied retrospectively Comparative figures for 2004 have been restated hellip
bull Out of deferred taxation of HK$2490 million approximately HK$1913 million was provided in respect of the revaluation surplus of the Grouprsquos Hong Kong investment properties
bull Notwithstanding this provision it is considered that profit on the disposal of such properties should not be taxable as there is currently no capital gains tax in Hong Kong
copy 2005-07 Nelson 88
4 Effective Date
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 becomes effective for annual accounting periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2005
bull Earlier application is encouragedbull Changes in accounting policies should be
accounted for in accordance with HKAS 8ndash ie by using retrospective application
bull HK(SIC) Interpretation 21 supersedes Interpretation 20 Income taxes ndash Recovery of Revalued Non-Depreciable Assets
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
45
copy 2005-07 Nelson 89
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 90
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Cost ModelCost Model
bull As stated before when a property interest held by a lessee under an operating lease is classified as an investment propertyrArr the fair value model must be applied for all
investment propertiesrArr a gain or loss arising from a change in the fair
value of investment property shall be recognised in profit or loss for the period in which it arises
Fair Value ModelFair Value Model
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
46
copy 2005-07 Nelson 91
Building only
Building only
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
New requirements with significant impact mainly helliphellip
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Separate measurement
(of the land and buildings elements)
Land onlyLand only
Land and Building
Land and Building
2 Introducing several new paragraphs1 Deleting one sentence
copy 2005-07 Nelson 92
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
bull As before lease classification is madendash at the inception of the leasendash leases of land and buildings are classified as operating or finance
leasesin the same way as leases of other assets
Building only
Building only
Land onlyLand only
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
47
copy 2005-07 Nelson 93
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
If a lease contains land and buildingselements
2 elements are considered separately for lease classification
If title of both elements is expected to pass to the lessee
Both elements are classified as finance lease
Lease of landLease of land
If title of land or both elements is NOT expected to pass to the lessee
The land element alone is normally classified as an operating leaseThe building element is considered separately
copy 2005-07 Nelson 94
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
bull To classify and account for a lease of land and buildingsbull the minimum lease payments (including any lump-sum upfront payments)
are allocated between the land and the buildings elementsbull in proportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land
element and buildings element of the lease at the inception of the leasebull If the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the 2
elementsbull the entire lease is classified as a finance leasebull unless it is clear that both elements are operating leases
in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating leasebull For a lease of land and building if the land is immaterial
bull The lease may be treated as a single unit andclassified as finance or operating leases Building
onlyBuilding
only
Land onlyLand only
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
48
copy 2005-07 Nelson 95
Recap on HKAS 17Recap on HKAS 17
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Title passed tothe lessee
Yes
LandLand
No
BuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Lease of land and buildingsLease of land and buildings
Can land and building be reliably separated
No
No
Yes
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
Minimum lease payment allocated in proportion to the relative fair values of land and building elements
copy 2005-07 Nelson 96
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Complicated by HKAS 17 since land is only held under operating lease
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Since the land element of an property in HK can only be held under ldquooperating leasesrdquo (per HKAS 17) does it imply thatbull There is no choice for all investment properties in HKbull All such properties shall use Fair Value Model With all
resulting gain or loss recognised in profit or lossbull Alternatively they can only accounted for as operating
leases in accordance with HKAS 17
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
49
copy 2005-07 Nelson 97
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
The entire lease is accounted for as a finance lease (under HKAS 17)If the definition of investment property under HKAS 40 is fulfilled HKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
SimpleSimple
copy 2005-07 Nelson 98
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Land (and building) under operating leaseChoose to eitherbull HKAS 17bull HKAS 40
(using Operating Lease IP Alternative)
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model
Building under finance leaseHKAS 40 must be followed and either one of the following models can be chosenbull Cost Model bull Fair Value Model Be careful helliphellip
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
50
copy 2005-07 Nelson 99
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
If land is accounted for under HKAS 40 by using Operating Lease IP Alternativebull all the investment properties
must be accounted for by using Fair Value Model
bull no choice for all investment properties then
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
LandLand
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
BuildingBuilding
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 100
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
Choice under HKAS 40 exists only if land is not accounted for as investment property
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
51
copy 2005-07 Nelson 101
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 102
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
But helliphellip
Fair value is still needed for all investment properties helliphellip for disclosure purpose
bull No matter which model you have chosen it is alwaysa ldquoFair Value Modelrdquo
bull The difference is - Recognised or Disclosedbull The difference is - to PL or in Notes
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
52
copy 2005-07 Nelson 103
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
For simplicity just adopt Fair Value Model or helliphellipshould be termed asldquoRecognisedrdquo Fair Value Model
copy 2005-07 Nelson 104
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo
ldquoInvestment properties are properties held for long-term rental yieldsrdquorArr definition (andor for capital appreciation)
ldquoInvestment properties are carried at fair value representing open market value determined annually by independent qualified valuersrdquo
rArr adopt Fair Value Model (Recognised) with independent revaluation
ldquoChanges in fair values are recorded in the consolidated profit and loss accountrdquo rArr changes in fair value recognised in PL
ldquoIn accordance with IAS 40 (revised) leasehold properties held for long-term rental yields are classified as investment properties and carried at fair valuerdquo rArr same as the requirement in HKAS 4075(b)
JardinesJardines Group Group (2005 Annual Report)
Application of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
53
copy 2005-07 Nelson 105
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Operating Lease
Operating Lease
Can the lease of land and building be reliably separated
Cannot be reliably separated
Reliably separated
Land and Building
Land and Building
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelFair Value
ModelFair Value Fair Value
ModelModel At CostAt CostAt Cost Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
Under HKAS 40
Any element held under lease
Whether the element can be reliably separated
Choose the available options
copy 2005-07 Nelson 106
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Investment property
Investment property
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
Fair Value ModelFair Value ModelFair Value Model
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
54
copy 2005-07 Nelson 107
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKLand and buildingcan be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Revaluation Model
Revaluation Revaluation ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
CostModelCostCost
ModelModel
Fair Value Model
Fair Value Fair Value ModelModel
Fair ValueModel
Fair ValueFair ValueModelModel
1st Choice
2nd Choice
1st Choice
2nd Choice
3rd Choice
Under HKAS 16
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Under HKAS 40
More companies have argued helliphellipMore companies More companies have argued helliphelliphave argued helliphellip
Disclose fair value
copy 2005-07 Nelson 108
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Annual Report 2005bull In the opinion of the directors the lease payments
of the Group cannot be allocated reliably between the land and building elements therefore the entire lease payments are included in the cost of land and building and are amortised over the shorter of the lease terms and useful lives
CaseCase
Annual Report 2005bull As the Grouprsquos lease payments cannot be
allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements the entire lease payments are included in the cost of the land and buildings as a finance lease in property plant and equipment
bull The adoption of HKAS 17 has not resulted in any change in the measurement of the Grouprsquos land and buildings
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
55
copy 2005-07 Nelson 109
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
Accounting policy on land use right (annual report 2005)bull Land use rights are recognised initially at lsquocostrsquo
ndash being the consideration paid for the rights to use and occupy the landbull Land use rights are amortised
ndash using the straight-line method to write off the cost over their estimated useful lives of 30 to 70 years
bull Land use rights are not separately presented from building whenndash they are acquired together with the building at inception andndash the costs attributable to the land use rights cannot be reasonably
measured and separated from that of the building
copy 2005-07 Nelson 110
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull PPE can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 16 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 16
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
56
copy 2005-07 Nelson 111
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
Property for own use
Property for own use
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Property for own use
Property for own use LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 16 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
copy 2005-07 Nelson 112
Annual Report 2005bull In the current year the Group has applied HKAS 17 ldquoLeasesrdquo bull Under HKAS 17 the land and buildings elements of a lease of land and
buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification
ndash unless the lease payments cannot be allocated reliably between the land and buildings elements
ndash in which case the entire lease is generally treated as a finance lease helliphellipndash where the allocation between the land and buildings elements cannot be
made reliably the leasehold interests in land continue to be accounted for as property plant and equipment
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKCaseCase
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
57
copy 2005-07 Nelson 113
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HKExampleExample
bull Investment Property can be carried at cost model if eitherndash The lease of land and building cannot be reliably allocated between
land and building elementbull The whole lease will be
ndash classified as finance lease (other than exception case) andndash then accounted for at cost model under HKAS 40 or
ndash The lease of land and building can be reliably allocated between land and buildingbull The land is carried at amortised cost under HKAS 17bull The building is carried at cost model under HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
bull Can PPE or Investment Property in HK or PRC be carried at cost model after the adoption of HKAS 17 and HKAS 40
copy 2005-07 Nelson 114
Application of HKAS 40 in HKApplication of HKAS 40 in HK
FinanceLease
FinanceLease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelUnder
HKAS 40
Land and building cannot be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
LandLandBuildingBuilding
Finance LeaseFinance Lease Operating LeaseOperating Lease
CostModelCostCost
ModelModelCost
ModelCostCost
ModelModel
Under HKAS 40 Under HKAS 17
Land and buildingcan be reliably separated
Investment property
Investment property
Disclose fair value on which
element
Disclose fair Disclose fair value on which value on which
elementelement
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
58
copy 2005-07 Nelson 115
Summary of HKAS 40CaseCase
bull Upon adoption of HKAS 40 as from 1 January 2005 the group has adopted a new policy for investment properties
bull Under this new policybull all changes in the fair value of investment properties are recognised directly
in the income statement in accordance with the fair value model in HKAS 40
bull land held for an undetermined future purpose is recognised as investment propertybull if the property is freehold orbull if the property is leasehold the group has chosen to recognise such land
as investment property rather than as land held under an operating lease and
bull golf courses are classified as properties plant and equipment and are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses helliphellip
2006 Annual Report stated that2006 Annual Report stated that
copy 2005-07 Nelson 116
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson Lam Nelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk
59
copy 2005-07 Nelson 117
QampA SessionQampA SessionQampA Session
Investment Property (HKAS 40)19 March 2007
Nelson LamNelson Lam 林智遠林智遠nelsonnelsoncpacomhkwwwnelsoncpacomhk
Full set of slides in PDF can be found in wwwNelsonCPAcomhk