ipv6 transition considerations for isps

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IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs Carlos Mar)nez carlos @ lacnic.net @carlosm3011

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Page 1: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Carlos  Mar)nez  carlos  @  lacnic.net  

@carlosm3011  

Page 2: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Topics •  Common network architectural patterns

– Core / backbone – Last mile – Border

•  Transition approaches •  Transition technologies

Page 3: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Network Architecture

Core  /  Backbone  

LM  

LM  

LM  

LM  

Internet  

B  

B  

Page 4: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Transi)oning  to  IPv6  •  Different  aspects  

– Human  /  Organiza)onal  •  Awareness  of  the  problem  •  Training  •  Organiza)onal  adequa)on  

–  Sales  –  Provisioning  procedures  

– Technical  •  Obtaining  your  IPv6  prefix  •  Equipment  needs  •  Network  management  

Page 5: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Ini)al  Steps  •  You  will  need  to  develop  a  plan  and  a  schedule  

•  Get  familiar  with  the  “new”  protocol  – No  need  for  formal  training  (at  least  yet)  

•  Know  your  network  – Have  a  clear  picture  of  what  your  network  is  running  

•  How  am  I  rou)ng  traffic  ?    • Which  transport  /  backhaul  /  last  mile  technologies  do  we  use  ?  

– Assess  your  equipment  (brands,  OS  versions)  

Page 6: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Developing  a  Plan  •  Address  different  aspects  

– Do  we  need  formal  training  ?  Do  we  have  in-­‐house  know-­‐how  ?    

•  Consider  not  only  hard  core  engineering  but  sales  and  support  staff  as  well  

– Do  we  need  equipment  and/or  so_ware  upgrades  ?  

– Do  our  transit  /  peering  sessions  support  IPv6  ?  •  Most  do,  but  you  have  to  ask  for  it  

Page 7: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Phase  1:  Planning  •  (Source:  6Deploy  Training  Slides)  •  Add  IPv6  capability  requirements  to  future  tenders  

–  Ensure  you  have  capability  to  deploy  •  Obtain  IPv6  address  space  from  your  ISP/NREN  (LIR)  or  from  your  RIR  if  you’re  a  ISP  –  Typically  a  /48  size  prefix  (from  the  LIR)  –  And  a  /32  size  prefix  (from  the  RIR)  

•  Arrange  IPv6  training  •  Encourage  in-­‐house  experiments  by  systems  staff  

–  e.g.  using  Tunnel  Broker  services  •  Review  IPv6  security  issues  

–  IPv6  is  o_en  enabled  by  default  -­‐  your  users  may  be  using  IPv6  without  your  knowledge…  

Page 8: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Phase  2:  Testbed  /  Trials  •  (Source:  6Deploy  Training  Slides)  •  Deploy  IPv6  capable  router,  with  cau)ous  ACLs  applied  •  Establish  connec)vity  (probably  a  tunnel)  to  your  ISP  •  Set  up  an  internal  link  with  host(s),  on  a  /64  

–  Can  be  isolated  from  regular  IPv4  network  (e.g.  a  dual-­‐stack  DMZ  running  IPv4  and  IPv6  together)  

•  Enable  IPv6  on  the  host  systems,  add  DNS  entries  if  appropriate  

•  And  in  parallel  –  Survey  systems  and  applica)ons  for  IPv6  capabili)es    –  Formulate  an  IPv6  site  addressing  plan  –  Document  IPv6  policies  (e.g.  address  assignment  methods)  

Page 9: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Phase  3:  Produc)on  Rollout  •  (Source  6Deploy  Training  Slides)  •  Plan  ini)al  deployment  areas,  e.g.  your  exis)ng  IPv4  DMZ  or  WLAN  may  be  good  first  steps  –  Prudent  to  enable  IPv6  on  the  wire  first,  then  services  

•  Enable  external  IPv6  connec)vity  and  ACLs/filters  •  Enable  IPv6  rou)ng  ‘on  the  wire’  on  selected  internal  links  

•  Deploy  IPv6  support  in  management/monitoring  tools  •  Then  enable  the  services  and  adver)se  via  DNS:  

–  Enable  IPv6  in  selected  services  (e.g.  web,  SMTP)  –  Add  IPv6  addresses  to  DNS,  enable  IPv6  DNS  transport  

•  Remember  IPv6  security:  –  e.g.  include  IPv6  transport  in  all  penetra)on  tests  

Page 10: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Transi)on  Approaches  •  Dual-­‐Stack  

– Servers  and  routers  speak  both  protocols  •  “Island”  Interconnec)on  (tunneling)  

–  IPv6  “islands”  interconnected  using  tunnels  •  Can  be  the  other  way  around,  too  

•  Transla)on  methods  – Protocol  transla)on  (rewri)ng  IP  headers)  – TCP  relays  /  Web  Proxies  

Page 11: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Dual-­‐Stack  •  We  say  a  device  is  “dual-­‐stacked”  when  its  so_ware  runs  both  network  protocols  

Applica)on  Layer  

TCP  /  UDP  

IPv4   IPv6  

Page 12: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Dual-­‐Stack  •  How  does  the  device  “know”  which  path  to  use  ?  The  key  is  in  the  DNS:  – Use  appropriate  A  /  AAAA  records  to  signal  clients  which  path  to  use  in  order  to  get  to  a  given  service  

•  Both  paths  can  be  present  -­‐>  “Happy  Eyeballs”  

•  Issues  – Hosts  with  broken  IPv6  connec)vity  – Performance  /  failover  

Page 13: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Transi)oning  the  Core  •  Usually  the  easiest  part  •  Devices  

– Chances  are  your  core  equipment  already  supports  IPv6  

•  Issues  – Numbering  plan  

•  Now  is  the  )me  for  obtaining  your  IPv6  prefix  !  – Plan  your  rou)ng  protocol  

•  iBGP  /  OSPF  v2  /  OSPF  v3  gotchas  – Traffic  monitoring  

•  Nemlow  

Page 14: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

IPv6  Numbering  Plans  •  Numbering  plans  for  IPv6  are  based  on  a  different  mindset  

•  Remember  – One  subnet  /  VLAN  gets  a  /64    

•  No  need  to  manage  scarcity  anymore  – Host  count  per  subnet  (as  we  did  in  IPv4)  is  now  meaningless  

– Subnet  count  is  what  maoers  

•  Allow  for  growth  

Page 15: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Transi)oning  the  Border  •  Devices  

– Mostly  same  as  the  core  

•  Transit  /  Peering  – You  need  to  ask  (some)mes  forcefully)  for  IPv6  transit  

•  The  good  news  is  that  most  Tier  1  &  Tier  2  carriers  do  support  IPv6  

•  BGP  issues  – One  session  or  two  ?    

•  Two  sessions  seems  to  be  the  norm  

 

Page 16: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Transi)oning  the  Border  •  BGP  issues:  

– One  session  or  two  ?    •  BGP  can  transport  NLRI  data  for  IPv4  and  IPv6  regardless  of  the  session’s  protocol  

–  It  impacts  nex-­‐hop  calcula)ons,  but  it’s  easily  solvable  

– ACLs  •  Other  issues:  

– Traffic  monitoring  •  SNMP  /  NetFlow  

– ACLs  •  Mar)ans  /  bogons  

Page 17: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Transi)oning  the  Last  Mile  •  Different  access  scenarios  

– Datacenter    •  Including  hos)ng  /  coloca)on  services  

– WAN  users  •  Corporate  •  Residen)al  

– Last  mile  technologies  •  DSL  • Wireless  /  Mobile  •  FTTH  /  PON  

Page 18: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Transi)oning  the  Datacenter  •  Devices  

–  Routers  /  switches  and  servers  usually  do  not  present  a  problem  

–  Firewalls,  your  mileage  may  vary  •  Usually  support  is  good  enough  •  Odd  pimalls  here  and  there  

•  Rou)ng  /  WAN:  same  as  border  /  core  •  Recommenda)on  is  to  start  by  layers,  going  from  the  outside  to  the  inside  –  See  hop://tools.iem.org/html/dra_-­‐lopez-­‐v6ops-­‐dc-­‐ipv6-­‐04    

 

Page 19: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Corporate  Users  •  Usually  more  sophis)cated  •  May  have  in-­‐house  technical  exper)se  •  May  even  request  IPv6!  •  Higher-­‐end  CPE,  more  likely  to  support  IPv6  •  Numbering  

– Remember:  one  VLAN  ==  one  /64  – How  many  VLANs  per  customer  ?    

•  /48  ~  65536  VLANs  

Page 20: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Residen)al  Customers  •  CPEs  

–  Cut-­‐throat  race  to  the  booom  on  cost  – Usually  feature-­‐limited    

•  Even  for  IPv4  •  CPE  installed  base  is  definitely  a  roadblock  •  Recommenda)on  

– Add  IPv6  support  as  a  requirement  for  future  CPE  purchases  

– Deploy  alterna)ves  for  older  CPEs  •  6RD  

•  Users  not  sophis)cated,  need  to  factor  in  possible  support  calls  

Page 21: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Residen)al  Customers  •  Numbering  

– Remember:  one  VLAN  ==  one  /64  – How  many  VLANs  per  customer  ?    

•  /48  ~  65536  VLANs  •  /56  ~  256  VLANs  •  /60  ~  16  VLANs  

•  DHCP  Prefix  Delega)on  

Page 22: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

Other  Networks  •  Enterprise  /  Corporate  

– Usually  use  proxies  and  other  layers  of  security  devices  

– Two  different  problems,  to  be  addressed  separately  

•  IPv6  access  to  the  Internet  for  internal  users  •  IPv6-­‐enabling  company  services  

•  University  Campus  – Usually  heavily  wireless-­‐based  

Page 23: IPv6 Transition Considerations for ISPs

References  •  RFC  6180:  “Guidelines  for  transi)on  mechanism  usage  during  IPv6  deployment”  – hop://tools.iem.org/html/rfc6180    

•  “IPv6  Opera)onal  Considera)ons  for  Datacenters”  – hop://tools.iem.org/html/dra_-­‐lopez-­‐v6ops-­‐dc-­‐ipv6-­‐04    

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THANK YOU !