isixhosa 1st language ulwimi lokuqala... · department of education sol plaatje house 123 schoeman...

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizweAmaBanga 10-12

(INdlela yokuFunda Jikelele)

IILWIMIISIXHOSA ULWIMI LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO

imfundoIsebe leMfundoIRIPHABLIKI YOMZANTSI AFRIKA

Department of Education

Sol Plaatje House123 Schoeman StreetPrivate Bag X895Pretoria 0001South AfricaTel: +27 12 312-5911Fax: +27 12 321-6770

120 Plein StreetPrivate Bag X9023Cape Town 8000South AfricaTel: +27 21 465-1701Fax: +27 21 461-8110

http://education.pwv.gov.za

© 2003 Department of Education

ISBN 1-919975-34-9

Design and Layout by: Seriti Printing (Pty) Ltd

INDLELA YOKUSEBENZISA LE NCWADI

Olu luxwebhu lwepolisi olwahlulwe lwaba zizahluko ezine. Kubalulekile ukuba umfundi afunde, azeahlanganise ulwazi oluvela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo akolu xwebhu. Isiqulatho sesahluko ngasinye sicacisweapha ngezantsi:

■ Isahluko soku-1 - Ukwazisa iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe

Esi sahluko sicacisa imithetho-siseko kunye neempawu zolwakhiwo lweNkcazelo yeKharityhulamyeSizwe, amaBanga 10 – 12, Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele. Sinika umfundi intshayelelo yekharityhulam.

■ Isahluko sesi-2 - Ukwaziswa Kommandla Wokufunda Weelwimi

Esi sahluko sinika inkcazelo, injongo, umthamo, unxibelelwano lwemfundo kunye neziPhumozomMandla wokuFunda weeLwimi. Esi sahluko simqhelanisa neelwimi lowo usifundayo.

■ Isahluko sesi-3 - IziPhumo zokuFunda, ImiGangatho yokuHlola, uMongokunye nemiXholo

Esi sahluko siqulethe ImiGangatho yokuHlola yesiPhumo sokuFunda ngasinye, kunye nesiqulathokwaneemo zenkalo yesifundo. ImiGangatho yokuHlola ibekwe ngendlela yokunceda umntu ofundayoukuba abone ukuqhubela phambili okufunekayo, ukusuka kwiBanga le-10 ukuya kwiBanga le-12.Ngako oko ke, imiGangatho yokuHlola yandlaleke yacwangciswa kumaphepha ahamba ngamabini.Ekupheleni kwaso isahluko kunikwe umongo neemeko ezicetywayo, ezisetyenziswa xa kufundiswa,kufundwa, kananjalo naxa kufikelelwa kwimiGangatho yokuHlola.

■ Isahluko sesi-4 - Ukuhlola

Esi sahluko sisebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo yokuhlola, eboniswa kwiNkcazelo yeKharityhulamyeSizwe. Ekupheleni kwesahluko kukho uludwe lweenkcazelo zobuchule ezingqamene nesifundo.Kukwanikwe noludwe lweekhowudi, amaqondo kunye neenkcazelo zobuchule. Iinkcazelo zobuchulezicwangciswe ngendlela yokubonisa ukuqhubela phambili, ukusuka kwiBanga le-10 ukuya kwiBangale -12.

IiLwimi – IsiXhosa ULwimi LokuQala oloNgezelelweyo

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■ ImiqondisoLe miqondiso ilandelayo isetyenziselwe ukubonisa iziPhumo zokuFunda, ImiGangatho yokuHlola,amabanga, iikhowudi, amaqondo, inkcazelo yobuchule, kunye nomongo neemeko.

= IsiPhumo sokuFunda

= ImiGangatho yokuHlola

= IBanga

= IKhowudi

= IQondo

= INkcazelo yoBuchule

= UMongo kunye neeMeko


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M

IZIQULATHO

INDLELA YOKUSEBENZISA LE NCWADI iii

II-AKHRONIM ix

ISAHLUKO SOKU-1: UKWAZISA INKCAZELO YEKHARITYHULAM YESIZWE 1

IMITHETHO-SISEKO 1

Ukuphuculwa kwezentlalo 2

Imfundo esekeke kwiziphumo 2

Ulwazi nezakhono ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo 3

Unxulumaniso nobuchule bokwenza 3

Ukuqhubela phambili 3

Ukuhambisana nokuthwaleka 3

Amalungelo oluntu, uqukaniso, nobulungisa bokusingqongileyo nezentlalo 4

Ukuxatyiswa kwezixokelelwano zolwazi lwemveli/lwamandulo 4

Intembeko, ukuba kumgangatho ophezulu nokuba nemfezeko 5

UHLOBO OLULINDELEKILEYO LOMFUNDI 5

UHLOBO OLULINDELEKILEYO LWETITSHALA 6

ISAKHIWO NEEMPAWU ZOYILO 6

Isakhiwo seNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe 6

Iziqulatho zeeNkcazelo zesiFundo kumMandla wokuFunda weeLwimi 8

IZIKHOKELO ZENKQUBO YOKUFUNDA 8


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ISAHLUKO SESI-2: UKWAZISWA KOMMANDLA WOKUFUNDA WEELWIMI 9

INKCAZELO 9

INJONGO 9

UMTHAMO 10

Uqukaniso 10

Imigangatho yolwimi 11

UBUDLELWANE OBUDALEKAYO KWEZEMFUNDO NAKWEZEMISEBENZI 12

IZIPHUMO ZOKUFUNDA 13

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha 13

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 2: Ukufunda nokulolonga 13

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 3: Ukubhala nokunikezela 14

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 4: Igrama, nokusetyenziswa kolwimi 14

ISAHLUKO SESI-3: IZIPHUMO ZOKUFUNDA, IMIGANGATHO YOKUHLOLA, 16UMONGO KUNYE NEEMEKO

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 1: Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha 16

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 2: Ukufunda nokulolonga 28

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 3: Ukubhala nokunikezela 42

IsiPhumo sokuFunda 4: Igrama, nokusetyenziswa kolwimi 52

UMONGO KUNYE NEEMEKO ZOKUFIKELELA KWIMIGANGATHO YOKUHLOLA 62

Ukusetyenziswa kweetekisi xa kufundiswa ulwimi 62

Ukuqondwa kweendlela iitekisi ezakhiwe ngazo 63

ISAHLUKO SESI-4: UKUHLOLA 67

INTSHAYELELO 67

KUNGANI KUHLOLWA 67

IINTLOBO ZOKUHLOLA 68

Ukuhlola okusisiseko 68

Ukuhlolwa kwezidingo 68

Ukuhlola okwakhayo 68

Ukuhlola okushwankathelayo 69

KUFUNEKA KUBE YINTONI, KWAYE KWENZE NTONI UKUHLOLA? 69

KUHLOLWA NJANI 69

IINDLELA ZOKUHLOLA 70

Ukuzihlola 70

Ukuhlolwa ngumlingane 70

Ukuhlolwa kweqela 70

IINDLELA ZOKUQOKELELA UBUNGQINA XA KUHLOLWA 71

Ukuhlola okusekwe kukuqwalasela 71

Ukuhlola okusekwe kuvavanyo 71

Ukuhlola okusekwe kumsebenzi onikiweyo 71

UKUREKHODISHA NOKWENZA INGXELO 72

Iindlela zokurekhodisha 72

Ukwenza ingxelo ngomsebenzi nangempumelelo yomfundi 73

IINKCAZELO ZOBUCHULE BESIFUNDO 74


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UKUNYUSELA 75

INDLELA AMACWECWE ENGXELO AMAKAKHANGELEKE NGAYO 75

UKUHLOLWA KWABAFUNDI ABAJONGENE NEMIQOBO EKUFUNDENI 75

IINKCAZELO ZOBUCHULE BOLWIMI LOKUQALA OLANGEZELELWEYO 76

ULUHLU LWENKCAZELO YAMAGAMA 101


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II-AKHRONIM

GL UGawulayo (AIDS)HZ UkuHlola okuZingileyo (CASS)LQMA ULawulo lweziQinisekiso zoMzantsi-Afrika (SAQA)MQJ IMfundo noQeqesho Jikelele (GET)MQQP IMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili (FET)MSZ IMfundo eSekeke kwiZiphumo (OBE)NG INtsholongwane kaGawulayo (HIV)NKS INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe (NCS)SQS ISakhelo seziQinisekiso seSizwe (NQF)XLM IziXokelelwano zoLwazi lweMveli (IKS)


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ISAHLUKO SOKU- 1

UKWAZISA INKCAZELO YEKHARITYHULAM YESIZWE

Ukwamkelwa koMgaqo-Siseko weRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika (uMthetho we-108 we-1996) kusinike isisekosokuguqulwa nokwakhiwa kwekharityhulam eMzantsi Afrika. IsiNgeniso soMgaqo-Siseko sichaza ukubaiinjongo zoMgaqo-Siseko zezi:

■ ukuphelisa iiyantlukwano zangaphambili, nokumisa uluntu olusekeke kwizinto zedemokhrasiezixabisekileyo, kubulungisa bentlalo namalungelo oluntu asisiseko.

■ ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi wabemi bonke, nokukhulula amandla aleleyo omntu ngamnye.■ ukwenza isiseko soluntu olulawulwa ngokwentando yesininzi apho urhulumente asekeke kwintando

yabantu, kwaye wonke ummi ekhuselwe ngokulinganayo ngumthetho.■ ukwakha uMzantsi-Afrika omanyeneyo nolawulwa yintando yesininzi, okwaziyo ukudlala indima

efanelekileyo njengombuso ozimeleyo kumnombo wezizwe.

UMgaqo-Siseko ucacisa into yokuba “wonke ubani unelungelo lemfundo eqhubekela phambili, ekufuneka kengoko ukuba uMbuso usebenzise imilinganiselo ecingisiswe kakuhle, uyenze ukuba imfundo ifumaneke kuyewonke ubani, ize kananjalo ifikeleleke.”

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), yakha isisekosokuphumelelisa ezi njongo, ngokumisa iziPhumo zokuFunda kunye nemiGangatho yokuHlola,nangokudandalazisa imithetho- siseko nezinto ezixabisekileyo ezixhasa ikharityhulam.

IMITHETHO- SISEKO

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), isekeke phezu kwalemithetho-siseko:■ ukuphuculwa kwezentlalo;■ imfundo esekeke kwiziphumo;■ ulwazi nezakhono ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo;■ unxulumaniso nobuchule bokwenza; ■ ukuqhubela phambili; ■ ukuhambisana nokuthwaleka;■ amalungelo oluntu, uqukaniso, nobulungisa bokusingqongileyo nezentlalo;■ ukuxatyiswa kwezixokelelwano zolwazi lwemveli/lwamandulo; kunye■ nentembeko, ukuba kumgangatho ophezulu nokuba nemfezeko.


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Ukuphuculwa kwezentlalo

UMgaqo-Siseko weRiphabliki yoMzantsi Afrika usisiseko senguqulelo notshintsho kwezentlalo, kuluntuoluphila kwixesha elisemva kombuso wocalucalulo. Isigunyaziso sokuguqula uluntu loMzantsi Afrikangezixhobo zoguquguqulo ezahlukeneyo, sisukela kwiimfuno zokulungisa umonakalo wenkquboyezocalucalulo kuzo zonke iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu, ingakumbi kwezemfundo. Inguqu kwezentlalongokunxulumene nezemfundo, ijonge ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukungalingani kwakudala okukhoyokwezemfundo kuyabuyekezwa, ukuze ke amathuba emfundo alinganayo anikwe kuwo onke amacandelo abemi.Ukuze inguqu kwezentlalo iphumelele, kufuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukunika imfundo kubo bonke abemibeloMzantsi Afrika, ngokuthi kwamkelwe ubuchule kwanolwazi abasele benalo, kususwe nemiqobo eyenziwengabom, ebavalelayo ukuba bafumane iziqinisekiso.

Imfundo esekeke kwiziphumo

IMfundo eSekeke kwiziPhumo isisiseko sekharityhulam yoMzantsi Afrika. Izamela ukuba abafundi bakwaziukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamandla abo ekufundeni, ngokumisela iziPhumo zokuFunda ekufaneleukuba ziphunyezwe ekupheleni kwenkqubo yokufunda. IMfundo eSekeke kwiziPhumo ikhuthaza indlelayokufunda ejolise kumfundi buqu, kwanendlela yokufunda esekelwe kwimisebenzi eyenziwa ngabafundi .INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe izakhele ezayo iziPhumo zokuFunda zamaBanga e-10 – 12 kwiziPhumoezinguNdoqo neziPhumo eZakhayo, empembelelo yazo inguMgaqo- Siseko, zaze zakhiwa ngenkquboyolawulo lwentando yesininzi.

IziPhumo ezinguNdoqo zifuna abafundi bakwazi uku:

■ chonga nokusombulula iingxaki, nokwenza izigqibo besebenzisa ukucinga nzulu nangobuchule; ■ sebenza ngempumelelo nabanye, njengamalungu esipani, eqela, emibutho kunye noluntu;■ zicwangcisa nokuzilawula bona buqu, becwangcisa, kwaye belawula nemisebenzi yabo ngokuthembakala

nangempumelelo;■ qokelela, ukuhlalutya, ukucwangcisa, behlaba amadlala ulwazi;■ ukunxibelelana nabanye ngempumelelo, besebenzisa ubuchule bokubonwayo, bemiqondiso nangokuthetha-

thethana ngeendlela ezahlukileyo; ■ sebenzisa inzululwazi neteknoloji ngempumelelo nangokuzinxwema, bebonakalisa ukukhathalela

okusingqongileyo nempilo yabanye; kunye■ nokubonisa ukuqonda nokwazi ukuba ilizwe lizizixokelelwano ezizalanayo, njengoluhlu lweenkqubo

ezinxulumeneyo, ngokuqaphela ukuba iimeko ekusonjululwa phantsi kwazo iingxaki azizimelanga zodwageqe.

IziPhumo eZakhayo zimisela abafundi abakwaziyo uku:

■ cingisisa nokuphonononga iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda ngempumelelo;■ thatha inxaxheba njengabemi abathembekileyo kubomi boluntu lwasekhaya, besizwe, noluntu lomhlaba

wonke jikelele;


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■ ba nobuntununtunu kwezenkcubeko nobuhle kuluhlu lweemeko eziphathelele kwezentlalo;■ hlola amathuba azivezayo emfundo nawemisebenzi; kunye ■ nokuphuhlisa amathuba okuziqalela amashishini okurhweba.

Ulwazi nezakhono ezikumgangatho ophakamileyo

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe kumabanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), ijolise ekuphuhliseniulwazi nobuchule obusemgangathweni ophezulu kubafundi. Imisela uluhlu lwezinto ezilindelekileyo zenqanabaeliphezulu ekulindeleke ukuba ziphunyelelwe ngabafundi boMzantsi Afrika. Ubulungisa kwintlalo bufunaukuba kuphuhliswe ezo ndidi zabemi ezazingaphuhliswanga ngaphambili, ngokuphathelele kulwazi nobuchule.INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe inika elona qondo liphantsi lolwazi nobuchule ekufuneka abafundibeliphumezile kwibanga ngalinye, kananjalo imisela imigangatho ephezulu enokuphunyelelwa kuzo zonkeizifundo.

Unxulumaniso nobuchule bokwenza

Unxulumaniso lufezekiswa ngaphakathi kwezifundo naphakathi kwemimandla yezifundo. Unxulumanisololwazi nezakhono kwizifundo nemimandla yokwenza, lungundoqo ekuphumezeni iimfuno zobuchulebokwenza into, njengoko sichaza iSakhelo seziQinisekiso seSizwe. Ubuchule bokwenza bujongeukuhxulumaniso ubunkunkqele obahlukileyo obumbombo- ntathu obubobu, ubuchule obusetyenziswayo,obusisiseko, nobokuzihlola. Xa kulandelwa unxulumaniso nobuchule bokwenza, iNkcazelo yeKharityhulamyeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele) ikhuthaza indlela yokufunda enxulumanisaithiyori, ukwenza, nokuzihlola.

Ukuqhubela phambili

Ukuqhubela phambili kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokwakha ulwazi olukwinqanaba eliphezulu, nolwazioluntsonkothileyo, kunye nezakhono. IiNkcazelo zeziFundo zibonisa ukuqhubela phambili ukusukela kwibangaelithile ukuya kwelinye. IsiPhumo sokuFunda ngasinye silandelwa yinkcazelo ecace gca, malunga nenqanabalokwenza elilindelekileyo kwisiphumo eso. ImiGangatho yokuHlola ihlelwe ngendlela apha ebonisaukunyuselwa kwenqanaba lokwenza elilindelekileyo kwibanga ngalinye. Umthamo wokufundwayo neemekoekufundwa phantsi kwazo kwibanga ngalinye, ubonisa ukuqhubela phambili, ukususela kokulula ukuya kokokuntsonkothileyo.

Ukuhambisana nokuthwaleka

Ukuhambisana kubhekisa kuzalwano nobudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kwezigaba okanye amanqanabaahlukeneyo eSakhelo seziQinisekiso seSizwe, ngeendlela eziphuhlisa ukufikeleleka kwisiqinisekiso esithileukuya kwesinye. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiziqinisekiso ezikwibakala lokufunda elinye. Nanjengoko sisaziukuba isiGaba seMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili, sibekeke phakathi kwesigaba seMfundo


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noQeqesho Jikelele kunye nesigaba seMfundo ePhakamileyo, kubalulekile ukuba isiQinisekiso seMfundonoQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), sihambisane nesiQinisekiso seMfundonoQeqesho Jikelele, kunye neziqinisekiso ezifunyanwa kwimimandla yokufunda efanayo yeMfundoePhakamileyo. Ukuze kuphuhliswe oku kuhambisana, ukwakhiwa kweNkcazelo yesiFundo ngasinye,kubandakanya ukuphicothwa kwamanqanaba okulindelweyo kumfundi ophumelele iiNkalo zeziFundozesiGaba seMfundo noQeqesho Jikelele, kwanolwazi lokufunda ekucingelwa ukuba uluzuzile, xa engenelaizifundo ezizalanayo zeMfundo ePhakamileyo.

Ukuthwaleka kubhekisa kwiindlela ezithi izahlulo zesiqinisekiso (izifundo okanye iiyunithi zemiGangatho)zibe nakho ukudluliselwa/ukutshintshelwa kummandla owahlukileyo wokufunda kwakwiSakheloseziQinisekiso seSizwe esikwisiGaba esinye. Ngenxa yeenjongo zokunyusa ukuthwaleka kwezifundoeziphunyelelwa kumaBanga e-10 – 12, kuphononongwe iindlela ezahlukileyo, umzekelo, ukuthelekelelaisifundo esiyunithi zomgangatho oziikhredithi ezingama-20. Izifundo eziqulathwe kwiNkcazeloyeKharityhulam yeSizwe zamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele) zithelekiseka ngokuncomekayonemigangatho yeeyunithi ebhalisiweyo ekwiSakhelo seziQinisekiso seSizwe.

Amalungelo oluntu, uqukaniso, nobulungisa bokusingqongileyo nezentlalo

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), ikuzama kangangokoukukhathalelwa kwamalungelo oluntu, uqukaniso, ubulungisa kwezentlalo kunye nobume bommandla. ZonkeiiNkcazelo zeziFundo ezakhiwe ngokutsha, zifakelelwe iinqobo eziyimithetho –siseko, neminye imikhwaemihle yobulungisa kwezentlalo, ukukhathalela ummandla osingqongileyo, namalungelo oluntu, njengokokuchaziwe kuMgaqo-Siseko. INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 ibonakalisa uvakalelokwimibandela yeyantlukwano enjengendlala, ukungalingani, ubuhlanga, isini, ulwimi, ubudala, ubulwelwekwaneminye imiba.

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), iyayamkela indlelayokunxulumanisa ukuquka, ngokunika ingcaciso ebonisa ezona mfuno zikumgangatho ophantsi kubo bonkeabafundi. Iyayamkela into yokuba bonke abafundi kufuneka bafinyelele ekuphuhliseni ubuchule babongokupheleleyo ngokunikwa inkxaso efanelekileyo. Iimfuno zabafundi ezimayela nokusebenzisa ingqondo,ezentlalo, ukuchukumiseka ngokwasemoyeni nasemphefumlweni ziza kuvelelwa ngokuyilwa kweeNkqubozeziFundo, nangokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuhlola ezifanelekileyo.

Ukuxatyiswa kwezixokelelwano zolwazi lwemveli / lwamandulo

Ngeminyaka ye-1960 iithiyori ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ezijolise kwiingqiqo eziveza ngeendlela ezahlukileyo,zanyanzelisa amachule ezemfundo ukuba amkele ukuba zininzi iindlela zokulungisa kakuhle ulwazi,khon’ukuze ubani azifumanele intsingiselo yakhe eyenza ingqondo ngokumalunga nelizwe aphila kulo,kwanento yokuba xa ubani ebenokunika inkcazelo yengqiqo ngokutsha, bekunokufuneka aziqwalasele zonkeezi ndlela. Kude kube ngelo xesha, ilizwe laseNtshona belisoloko lixabise ubuchule bokucinga ngengqondoyobunzululwazi, yobukhali bokubala, kunye nesakhono sokuthetha, yaye libahlela abantu ukuba bukhali“njengabanengqiqo” kuphela xa benobuchule kule miba sele ikhankanyiwe. Kungoku nje abantu bathathela


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ingqalelo izixokelelwano ezahlukileyo zolwazi abanokuthi banike ngayo intsingiselo yelizwe abaphila kulo.Kwizimo zaseMzantsi-Afrika ulwazi lwemveli lubhekiselele kulwazi olwakhiwe lwazinziswa kwifilosofi/kwindlela yokucinga yase-Afrika nakwimikhwa yokuphilisana eyavela kwithuba elingaphezu kwewakaleminyaka eyadlulayo. INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele),izamkele ezi zixokelelwano zolwazi lwemveli kwiiNkcazelo zeziFundo. Ngale ndlela igqalela ubutyebibembali, kunye nelifa leli lizwe, njengezinto ezinegalelo elibalulekileyo ukukhulisa konke okuxabisekileyonjengoko kuqulunqwe nguMgaqo-Siseko. Iimbono ezininzi nezahlukeneyo, zincedisa ekusombululeni iingxakikuzo zonke iinkalo.

Intembeko, ukuba kumgangatho ophezulu nokuba nemfezeko

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), ijonge ekuphuhliseniintembeko ngokulandela uluhlu lwemicimbi ezisa utshintsho, nangokubonelela ngemfundo enokuthelekisekaneyamanye amazwe malunga nenqanaba, umthamo, kwanomhlaba ovelelwayo, ngokwezo zamanye amazwe.Isiqinisekiso senqanaba kufuneka simiselwe ziimfuno zoMthetho woLawulo weziQinisekiso zoMzantsi-Afrika(uMthetho 58 we-1995), iMimiselo yesiQinisekiso seNqanaba leMfundo noQeqesho, kunye noMthethowesiQinisekiso seNqanaba leMfundo jikelele, kunye neMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili (uMthetho58 wama-2001).

UHLOBO OLULINDELEKILEYO LOMFUNDI

Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekuziphuhliseni njengabantu, kokuxabisekileyo okuthi kunike intsingiselokuhambo lwethu ngokwasemoyeni nasengqondweni. Incwadi esihloko sithi, The Manifesto and Values,Education and Democracy (Department of Education, 2001:9-10), inika le nkcazo ilandelayo malunganemfundo nokuxabisekileyo:

Values and morality give meaning to our individual and social relationships. They are the commoncurrencies that help make life more meaningful than might otherwise have been. An education systemdoes not exist to simply serve a market, important as that may be for economic growth and materialprosperity. Its primary purpose must be to enrich the individual, and by extension, the broader society.

Uhlobo lomfundi olulindelekileyo ngulowo oya kuba nezinto ezixabisekileyo, aze kananjalo enze izintoezamkelekileyo kuluntu, ezisekelwe phezu kokuhlonipha intando yesininzi, ukulingana, ukuhlonipha isidimasabanye, nobulungisa okanye ubulungisa ngokwasentlalweni, njengoko kuphuhliswe kuMgaqo-Siseko.

Umfundi ovela kwisigaba seMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili kufuneka abonakalise ukuphumelelaiziPhumo ezinguNdoqo neZakhayo ezinikiweyo ngaphambili apha kolu xwebhu. Izifundo ezingaphantsikweNqanaba elibandakanya izifundo ekunyanzelekileyo ukuba abafundi bazenze, zizifundo zentsusa ezixhasaukubandakanywa kokuphunyezwa kwezi ziPhumo zinguNdoqo neZakhayo, lo gama iqela lezifundo ezithileezikumaNqanaba anguNdoqo kunye neNqanaba lokuziKhethela, ziphuhlisa ukuphunyelelwa kweziPhumoezithile ezinguNdoqo neZakhayo.


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Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, abafundi abavela kwinqanaba leMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela-Phambili kufuneka:

■ bakwazi ukufikelela, baze baphumelele kwimfundo noqeqesho oluqhubekayo ebomini olunexabisoeliphezulu;

■ babonisakalise ubuchule bokucinga ngokuqiqisisisayo nangokucazululayo, kwakunye nokucazululangokupheleleyo nangokunabela emacaleni; kunye

■ nokwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchule obuvela kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ukuya kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga.

UHLOBO OLULINDELEKILEYO LWETITSHALA

Ootitshala nabo bonke abanomdla kwimfundo yomntwana, banegalelo elibalulekileyo ekuguqulwenikwemfundo eMzantsi Afrika. INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (UmJelo wokuFundaJikelele), inombono wootitshala abaqeqeshiweyo, abanobuchule, futhi ababonisa ukuzinikela, kwayebanenkathalo. Ootitshala baya kukwazi ukuphumelelisa iindima ezahlukeneyo ezidandalazisiweyokwiMimiselo nemiGangatho yabaFundisi- Ntsapho. Oku kuquka abaFundisi-Ntsapho njengabangeneleli,abacacisi, abaqulunqi beeNkqubo zokuFunda kunye nezixhobo, abakhokeli, abalawuli nabaphathi, abafundi,abaphandi bolwazi nabafundi ngalo lonke ixesha, amalungu oluntu, abahlali kunye nabacebisi, abahloli, kunyeneengcali zezifundo.

ISAKHIWO NEEMPAWU ZOYILO

ISakhiwo seNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele) iqulethe uXwebhuolunika iNkcazelo ebanzi, iSakhelo sesiQinisekiso seNkqubo yokuHlola kunye neeNkcazelo zeziFundo.

Izifundo kwiNkcazelo yeKharityulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele),zahlulahlulwe ngaphantsi kweMimandla yokuFunda.

Yintoni umMandla Wokufunda?

UmMandla Wokufunda luluhlu olusebenza njengekhaya lezifundo ezimlibo mnye (ezizalanayo), oku kwenzalula ukwakhiwa kwemithetho yokukhetha iziFundo kwisiQinisekiso seMfundo noQeqesho, (Indlela yokuFundaJikelele). Ukumiselwa kwemiMandla yokuFunda kumaBanga e-10 – 12, kuthathele ingqalelo unxulumanisoolukhoyo phakathi kwamabakala eMfundo noQeqesho Jikelele kunye neMfundo ePhakamileyo, ngokunjaloneendlela zokuhlela kwamanye amazwe.

Nangona ukuphuhliswa kweNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e- 10–12 (Indlela yokuFunda


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Jikelele) kuthathe imimandla yokucwangcisa yeSakhiwo seziQinisekiso seSizwe, elishumi elinesibiniyemimandla yokulungelelanisa njengendawo yesiqalo sayo, kuyafuneka ukuba kugxininiswe kwinto yokuba lemimandla elishumi elinesibini yokulungelelanisa ayiyomiMandla yokuFunda okanye iinkalo ‘zolwazi’, kokozinxityelelaniswe neendidi zemisebenzi kwingqesho.

La maqela ezifundo alandelayo amiselwe ngokwemida yemiMandla yokuFunda ukunceda abafundi ukukhethaiinkalo zokuFunda: ■ Iilwimi (ezisisiNyanzeliso); ■ UbuGcisa neNkcubeko;■ IziFundo zoShishino, ezoRhwebo, ezoLawulo nezeMisebenzi;■ ImVeliso, ezobuNjineli neTeknoloji;■ IziFundo zoLuntu nezeNtlalo, kunye neeLwimi; kunye■ neNzululwazi ngezaMachiza, ezeMathematika, ezeKhompyutha, ezoBomi, nezoLimo.

Yintoni isifundo?

Ngokwembali yakudala, isifundo besisoloko sichazwa njengolwazi oluphangaleleyo oluxela ukuba ubaniusisifundiswa. Le ndlela yokuchaza isifundo ibigxininisa kulwazi, ingakhathaleli buchule, okuxabisekileyokunye nendlela ubani athatha ngayo izinto. Izifundo bezijongwa njengento eme ndawonye nengaguqukiyo,enemida engenakujikwa. Amaxesha amaninzi izifundo bezigxininisa kumagalelo olwazi oluvela eNtshona.

Kwikharityhulam esekeke phezu kweziphumo, njengeNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12(Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele), imida yezifundo imfiliba. Kule kharityhulam ulwazi lumanyanisa ithiyori, ubuchulenokuxabisekileyo. Izifundo zibonwa njengento enokuguquka, esoloko ithathela ingqalelo ulwazi olutshanolwahlukileyo, kubandakanya ulwazi olwalutyeshelwe kudala koko bekufundiswa kwikharityhulam ezikolweni.

Kwikharityhulam esekeke phezu kweziphumo, isifundo sichazwe ngokunabileyo kwiziPhumo zokuFunda,ingekuko kuphela okuqulathwe sisifundo. Ngokwemo yaseMzantsi Afrika, iziPhumo zokuFunda kufuneka,ngokwendlela eziyilwe ngayo, zikhokelele ekuphunyezweni kweziPhumo ezinguNdoqo neZakhayo. IziPhumozokuFunda zichazwe banzi, futhi ziyakwazi ukuguquguquka, zivulela amathuba okwamkela nezimvo ezivelakubantu bendawo leyo.

Yintoni IsiPhumo sokuFunda?

ImiGangatho yokuHIola yinkcazelo yesiphumo esilindelekileyo kokufundiweyo nokufundisiweyo. Sichazaulwazi, izakhono, nokuxabisekileyo, ekufuneka abafundi bakufumane xa bephumelele ibakala leMfundonoQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili.


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Yintoni umGangatho wokuHlola?

ImiGangatho yokuHlola yimilinganiselo echaza ngokupheleleyo, ulwazi ekufuneka umfundi enalo, nezintoamakakwazi ukuzenza kwibanga elithile. Ziqulethe ulwazi, ubuchule kunye nokuxabisekileyo okufunekayoukuze kuphunyelelwe iziPhumo zokuFunda. ImiGangatho yokuHlola iyonke, kwisiPhumo sokuFunda ngasinye,ibonisa indlela eyenzeka ngayo inkqubela phambili yokuqiqa ukusuka kwibanga elithile ukuya kwelinye.

Iziqulatho zeeNkcazelo zesiFundo kumMandla wokuFunda weeLwimi

Inkcazelo yesiFundo ngasinye iqulethe izahluko ezine kunye noluhlu lweNkcazelo yaMagama.

■ Isahluko 1, Ukwazisa iNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe: Esi sahluko sinika inkcazelo jikelelengeNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamabanga 10 – 12 (Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele).

■ Isahluko 2, Ukwaziswa komMandla wokuFunda weeLwimi: Esi sahluko sinika iimpawu ezingundoqozomMandla wokuFunda weeLwimi. Siqulathe inkcazelo ngommandla wokuFunda, injongo, ububanzi,ubudlelwane phakathi kwemfundo nezengqesho, kunye neziPhumo zokuFunda.

■ Isahluko 3, IziPhumo zokuFunda, ImiGangatho yokuHlola, uMongo kunye neeMeko: Esi sahluko siqulatheiziPhumo zokuFunda kunye nemiGangatho yokuHlola enxulumene nazo, kwanolwazi oluqulethweyo kunyeneemeko zokufikelela kwimiGangatho yokuHlola.

■ Isahlulo 4, UkuHlola: Esi sahluko sidandalazisa iinqobo ezisisiseko zokuhlola, yaye sinika iingcebisonezikhokelo zokurekhodisha nokunika ingxelo ngokuhlola. Sikwadwelisa iingcaciso ngamakhonoabhekiselele kwisifundo ngqo.

■ UluHlu lweNkcazelo yamaGama: Apho kufaneleke khona, kweli candelo kunikwe inkcazelo yoluhlulwamagama akhethiweyo abhekisa kwizinto nje jikelele, kwanaloo magama abhekise ngqo kwisifundo eso.

IZIKHOKELO ZENKQUBO YOKUFUNDA

INkqubo yokuFunda icacisa umthamo womakufundwe nomakuhlolwe kumaBanga amathathu kwibakalaleMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili. Esi sisicwangciso esiqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bayaphunyezwakwiziPhumo zokuFunda, njengoko zimiselwe kwimiGangatho yokuHlola yebanga elithile. IziKhokelozeNkqubo yokuFunda zincedisa ootitshala nabanye abaqulunqi beNkqubo yokuFunda bakwazi ukucwangcisanokuyila iinkqubo zokufunda, ukufundisa nokuhlola kwinqanaba eliphezulu.


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ISAHLUKO SESI-2

UKWAZISWA KOMMANDLA WOKUFUNDA WEELWIMI

INKCAZELO

Ulwimi sisixhobo sokuveza iingcinga nonxibelelwano. Iiyantlukwano kumasiko, inkcubeko , nobudlelwaneentlalweni zakhiwa, zivakaliswe ngolwimi. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokuphuhlileyo kunceda abafundibacinge, bafumane ulwazi, ukuziveza ukuba bangoobani, baveze imvakalelo kwanezimvo zabo, basebenzisanenabanye, bakwazi nokulawula ilizwe labo.

INJONGO

Ngenxa yeeyantlukwano ezikhoyo ngokuthetha nangeenkcubeko zoMzantsi-Afrika , abemi bawo kufunekabakwazi ukuqhagamshelana bengathintelwa yimiqobo yolwimi, bakhuthaze ukuhloniphana nokwamkelana,malunga nenkcubeko, iilwimi ezithethwayo nokuqondana. Iyantlukwano yeelwimi yamkeleka yaye ixatyiswekwindlela uMgaqo-Siseko owamkela ngayo iilwimi ezili-11 zasebuRhulumenteni, noMgaqo woLwimilweMfundo wolongezelelo lweelwimi ezininzi. Kunyanzelekile ukuba abafundi bafunde ubuncinane iilwimiezi-2 ezisemthethweni njengezifundo eziNyanzelekileyo, ukuze ke ezinye iilwimi bazithathe njengeelwimiezinguNdoqo okanye ibe zeziKhethiweyo.

KwiBakala leMfundo noQeqesho Jikelele, kulapho ulwazi olunzulu lolwimi lwasekhaya lukhuliswa khona,khon’ukuze umfundi akwazi ukuba nesiseko esisiso sokufunda iilwimi ezongezelelweyo. Ngexesha abafundibafikelela kwiBanga le -10, baya kuba sele benamava, sebephonononge iilwimi ezongezelelweyo, kwayebezisebenzisile ezi lwimi zongezelelweyo, ngeenjongo zokufunda. Ikharityhulam yesigaba seMfundonoQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili, inika abafundi amathuba okuqinisa nokwakha ubuchule bokuthetha iilwimiezininzi. Njengokuba abafundi bephumelela ukusuka kumabanga athile ukuya kwalandelayo, kulindeleke intoyokokuba balusebenzise ulwimi ngendlela ebonisa ukulusebenzisa ngobuciko, ngobugcisa nangokuchanekileyokwiimeko ezithile ngokubanzi. Kufuneka babonakalise inkathalo enkulu kwimfundo yabo, bakwazi kananjaloukubonisa ubuchule ekusebenziseni ulwimi ngendlela ediza ubungqina bokucela umngeni, nangendlelaentsonkothileyo.

Uluhlu lweelitheresi olufunekayo ukuze abafundi bakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ngempumelelo kwintlalo,nakwiindawo zomsebenzi, malunga nezoqoqosho ngokuthe gabalala kwinkulungwane yama- 21, alubandakanyinje kuphela ukuphulaphula, ukuthetha, ukufunda, ukubhala, izithethe namasiko. Olu lwazi lubandakanyaubuchule kwizinto ezifana nosasazo, iindaba, ubugcisa bokuzoba, ulwazi lwekhompyutha, inkcubekokwanobugcisa bokuhlaba amadlala. Ikharityhulam yolwimi ilungiselela abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukumelananabaceli-mngeni abaza kuhlangana nabo njengabemi boMzantsi- Afrika, namalungu elizwe jikelele.


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Ikharityhulam yeMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili inceda okokuba abafundi bakwazi ukufikelelakwiimfuno ezininzi zeziPhumo ezinguNdoqo neZakhayo, kubandakanya ezi njongo zilandelayo:

■ Ukukhulisa baze bondele kubuchule bokusebenzisa ulwimi, njengoko sele bakhiwe obu buchule kwisigabaseMfundo noQeqesho Jikelele, kubandakanya nobuchule bolwimi kwimiba eqikelelwayo, buchule obobufunekayo kwimfundo ephakamileyo kwikharityhulam ngokubanzi, bakwazi nokuncoma ubuhle bendlelaolusetyenziswe ngayo ulwimi, kwanokonwabela iitekisi ezisetyenziswayo, ukuze abafundi bakwaziukuphula-phula, ukuthetha, ukufunda/ukulolonga, kunye nokubhala/ukunikezela ngabakubhalileyongokuzithemba. Obu buchule kunye nendlela ubani athatha ngayo izinto, bakha isiseko sokufunda ubomibonke.

■ Ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo, kwiimeko zobomi obububo, bacinge ngabantu abafumana ulwazi,injongo, kunye nemeko.

■ Ukuvakalisa, kananjalo bakhusele izimvo, iimbono zabo, kwanemvakalelo ngokuzithemba, besenzelaukuba babe ngabaqiqi abazimeleyo, kwanabacazululi.

■ Ukusebenzisa ulwimi nentelekelelo yabo besenzela ukumela kunye nokuphonononga amava oluntu.Ngokusebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi, abafundi bayakwazi ukucinga nzulu ngempilo yabo, namavaabo, nokuzikhethela iimbono zelizwe ezizezinye.

■ Ukusebenzisa ulwimi ukuze bafikelele, baze bahlengahlengise ulwazi, besenzela ukufunda ngokuvelelaikharityhulam ngokubanzi, nakuluhlu olubanzi lwezinye iimeko. Ilitheresi yolwazi ibubuchule obufunekayo“kwixesha lolwazi,” yaye yakha isiseko semfundo yobomi bonke.

■ Ukusebenzisa ulwimi njengesixhobo sokucinga ngendlela ehlaba amadlala, nangokuyilayo. Le njongoyamkela into yokuba ulwazi lwakhiwa ekuhlaleni ngokwentsebenziswano phakathi kolwimi nokucinga.

■ Ukucacisa iimbono eziqiqisisiweyo kwimibandela yobuhlanga nokuxabisekileyo. Ukuze bakhulise ubumebabo bokuxabisekileyo, abafundi basebenza ngeetekisi ezinxulumene namalungelo abantu, noxanduvaolunjengamalungelo abantwana, abasetyhini, abantu abaneemfuno ezizodwa, abantu abadala, kunye nemibaenxulumene nobuhlanga, inkcubeko, indlela ekucingwa ngayo ngabantu, udidi, iimeko zeenkolo, isini, i-NGne-GL, ukuvakalisa izimvo ngokukhululekileyo, ukuhluza iindaba kunye nokusingqongileyo.

■ Ukusebenzisana ngendlela ehlaba amadlala kuluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi. Abafundi baya kunakana, bakwazinokucela umngeni kwindlela yokubona izinto, amaqhayiya, nobudlelwane phakathi kwamagunyaakwiitekisi.

■ Ukuqaphela iwonga elingalinganiyo kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo, kwaneziyelelane zolwimi. Abafundi bayakukwazi ukucela umngeni kwimeko yokonganyelwa kwalo naluphi na ulwimi, phakathi koluntu okanyeiintlobo ngentlobo zolwimi, babange amalungelo abo olwimi kwisizwe esithetha iilwimi ezininzi.

UMTHAMO

Uqukaniso

Ukufundiswa nokuhlolwa kweelwimi, kufuneka kuvuleleke, ukulungiselela uqukaniso lwabo bonke abafundi,aze namacebo okuncedisana nabo bonke abafundi afunyanwe, khon’ukuze bafikelele okanye bakwazi ukuyilaiitekisi zolwimi. Abanye abafundi abajongene nemiqobo ethile kwimfundo yabo banokungakwazi ukufikelela


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kweminye imiGangatho yokuHlola, njengoko icacisiwe kwiNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe. Kufuneka kengoko kunikwe umgqalisela kule mibandela ilandelayo:

■ Amagama ‘ukuchaza’, ‘ukubalisa’, ‘ukuxelela’, ‘ukuxelela kwakhona’, ‘ukuchaza intetho ngamazwi akho’,‘ukuncokola’, ‘ukutsho nto ethile’, ‘ukuthetha’, ‘ukuxoxa ’, ‘ukucacisa’, ‘ukubuza’, kunye ‘nokudl’imbadu’, ’ afanelwe athathwe njengokuba abandakanya zonke iindidi zokuqhagamshelanangokuphimiselayo nangokungaphimiseli, oku kubandakanya ukuqhagamshelana ngeempawu/ngemiqondiso, nezinye izixhobo zokuncedisa uqhagamshelwano. Igama elithi ‘zomlomo/ ezithethwayo’libandakanya uqhagamshelwano ngeempawu/ ngemiqondiso kunye naziphina iindlela zoqhagamshelwanoezingathi zibe semxholweni.

■ Amagama ‘ukuphulaphula,‘ukujonga’, ‘ukufunda’, ‘ukulolonga ’, abandakanya iindidi zoqhagamshelwanoezinjengokufunda imilebe, nokujonga imilebe yalowo uthethayo ukuze uqonde oko akuthethayo,kwanokuqwalasela ulwimi lweempawu.

■ Abafundi abangaboniyo kakuhle bafuna izixhobo neencwadi zokubancedisa ezibhalwe ngeBreyili, iteyipuevakalayo, ukushicilela, ukusebenzisa amagama amakhulu abambekayo, isixhobo selungu lokuva kunyenemizobo. Ingcinga ethi “ukubonisa”, ingacaciswa nangokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba. Iincwadizokungqinisa ‘ukufunda,’ zibandakanya izixhobo ezifana neBreyili kunye neencwadi eziye zishicilelwekwiteyiphu-rekhoda, ukuze idlalelwe lowo ungaboniyo.

Imigangatho yolwimi

Ukufundwa kolwimi kwiNqanaba leMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili kubandakanya zonke iilwimiezisemthethweni: isiBhulu, isiNgesi, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, isiSuthu, isiPedi (isiSuthu saseLebowa),isiTswana, isiSwati, Tshivenda, neXitsonga, kwanolwimi lwempawu, kwaye zingabandakanya nezinye iilwimiezivunywe liQumrhu leBhodi yeeLwimi zonke zoMzantsi Afrika ekuthiwa yi-The Pan South African LanguageBoard.

IiNkcazelo zesiFundo seeLwimi, olwaseKhaya, uLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kunye noLwimi lwesiBinioloNgezelelweyo zingaguqulwa, zithathwe njengeelwimi ezingezizo ezasebuRhulumenteni, yaye ezi lwimizingafundiswa ezikolweni njengezifundo ezikwiqela lezifundo ezinguNdoqo okanye njengezifundozokuziKhethela kwikharityhulam.

Zonke iilwimi zingafundiswa phantsi kwala manqanaba alandelayo:

■ ULwimi lwaseKhaya: Iimfuno zabafundi malunga nolwimi lwasekhaya kufuneka ziqiniswe, zikhuliswe,ukuze zakhe isiseko esiluqilima, esinokubanceda abafundi ukuba bafunde iilwimi ezongezelelweyo.KwiNqanaba leMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili, zonke iilwimi zoMzantsi Afrikaezisemthethweni zineziPhumo zokuFunda zoLwimi lwaseKhaya ezikumgangatho ophezulu olinganayonalowo wamazwe aphesheya xa uthelekiswa nawo. Oku kunxamnye neemfuno zoMgaqo-Siseko onikazonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni umgangatho olinganayo. Inqanaba lokufundwa kolwimi lwaseKhayakufuneka libe kwinqanaba elenza ukuba olu lwimi lusetyenziswe njengolwimi lokufunda nokufundisa.Ubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha buya kwakhiwa ngokuqhubekayo buphuculwe nangaphezulu, kodwaugxininiso kweli nqanaba luya kuba sekwakheni ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala kwabafundi.


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■ ULwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo: Ukufunda ulwimi lokuqala olongezelelelweyo kukhulisa ulwazilokunxibelelana ngeelwimi ezininzi, kwanentsebenziswano phakathi kweendidi ngeendidi zenkcubeko.IziPhumo zokuFunda zoLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo zilungiselela onke amanqanaba obugcisabolwimi ahlangabezana namanqanaba asisiseko sokufunda afunekayo, khon’ukuze umfundi abe nakhoukufunda kwikharityhulam ngokubanzi, nanjengoko abafundi benokufunda besebenzisa uLwimi lokuQalaoloNgezelelweyo kwimeko yaseMzantsi Afrika. Oku kubandakanya ubuchule bolwimi olusetyenziswangendlela eqikelelayo, eqiqayo, nesesikweni, efunekayo xa umfundi ecinga naxa efunda. Oku kubhekisakuzo zonke iilwimi ezisemthethweni. Kuya kubakho ugxininiso olulinganayo kubuchule bokuphulaphula,bokuthetha, bokufunda nokubhala.

■ ULwimi lwesiBini oloNgezelelweyo: Ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini olongezelelweyo kuqhubela phambiliulwazi lokuthetha iilwimi ezininzi, nentsebenziswano phakathi kweendidi ngeendidi zeenkcubeko. Nangonaubuchule bokufunda nokubhala, buya kuphuhliswa, kweli nqanaba ugxininiso luya kuba sekuphuhliseniubuchule bokuphulaphula nokuthetha. Kufuneka inqanaba loLwimi lwesiBini oloNgezelelweyo lujolisekuqhagamshelwano oluphuculweyo, phakathi kwabantu.

Kwiqela lezifundo ezisisiNyanzeliso zeBakala leMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili, bonke abafundikunyanzelekile ukuba bafunde iilwimi ezisemthethweni ezimbini, olunye ulwimi ibe lolwaseKhaya, olunye ibeluLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo okanye kwinqanaba lolwimi lwaseKhaya. Olunye kwezi lwimi zikhethwekwiqela leelwimi ezikhethwe ngumfundi ezisisiNyanzelo, kufuneka kube lulwimi lokuFunda nokuFundisa.Kwiqela lezifundo ezinguNdoqo, nezokuziKhethela ngumfundi, iilwimi ezisemthethweni zingafundwakwinqanaba loLwimi lwaseKhaya, loLwimi lokuQala oloNgezelelweyo kunye /okanye kumanqanaba oLwimilwesiBini oloNgezelelweyo, ukunceda abafundi abanomdla wokufunda ezinye iilwimi, kwanokuqhubelaphambili ulwazi lweelwimi ezininzi.

UBUDLELWANE OBUDALEKAYO KWEZEMFUNDO NAKWEZEMISEBENZI

KwiBakala leMfundo noQeqesho Jikelele, iilwimi zivelelwe phantsi kweNkalo yesiFundo seeLwimi; ukantikwiBakala leMfundo noQeqesho oluQhubekela Phambili, umMandla wokuFunda weeLwimi, uhambelananommandla wokufunda olungelelanisayo: IziFundo zokuQhagamshelana noLwimi kwakunye noLawulolweQumrhu leziQinisekiso zoMzantsi Afrika. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho-siseko isaqhubeka, kusetyenziswekwaleyo isetyenziswe kwiBakala leMfundo noQeqesho Jikelele:

■ izakhono zolwimi zokuphulaphula, ukuthetha nokubhala, zisisiseko sokwakhiwa kweziphumo zokufunda;kunye

■ nokusetyenziswa koluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi, kuvumela abafundi ukuba baphicothe imibandela ejolisekubo buqu, kwisizwe siphela kwanakwilizwe ngokubanzi, nokwakha ulwazi olukhulayo lwelizwe.

Ukufundwa kweelwimi kungakhokelela kwimisebenzi engqamene nokusetyenziswa kolwimi, enjengomsebenziwokuchola-chola nokupapasha iindaba, ukuguqula, ukufundisa ulwimi, urhwebo, ukubhengeza, ubuchulebokuza kuza phakathi kwabantu namazwe, njalo njalo. Kucace gca okokuba iilwimi zisisiseko sako konkeukufunda, ingekuko kuphela kubomi bemihla ngemihla, koko nakwiindawo zengqesho ngokunjalo.Ukuphuhliswa kwezorhwebo kuxhomekeke kubuchule bomfundi ekusebenziseni ulwimi. Kwilizwe


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elinokhuphiswano oluphakamileyo kwiteknoloji, ukufikelela komfundi kwizinto ezithile kuxhomekekekubuchule bakhe boqhagamshelwano. Ulwimi sisifundo esilisango, esinokuthi xa singafundiswanga kakuhlesiwanciphise kanobom amathuba enkqubela-phambili yobomi bomfundi.

Ilitherasi sisiseko sokwazi ukugqiba imisebenzi elindelekileyo yemihla ngemihla, yaye incedisa ngobuchule azakubusebenzisa elizweni umfundi. Ulwimi sisixhobo esinokwenza lula ukuzalana okunentsingiselo, nabantuabasondele kumfundi kuluntu ahlala nalo, yaye indlela yobuntununtunu ekuphethwe ngayo ulwimi, ibonakalisaukuphumelela nokungaphumeleli kwemvisiswano phakathi koluntu.

IZIPHUMO ZOKUFUNDA

Umthamo kunye neenjongo ezidandalaziswe ngasentla apha, ziqukaniswe ngaphantsi kweziPhumo zokuFundaezine. Nangona ke ezi ziphumo zidweliswe ngokwahlukeneyo kufanele into yokokuba zinxulunyaniswe xa selezifundiswa, naxa sele zihlolwa.

IsiPhumo sokuFunda soku-1 : Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha

Umfundi uyakwazi ukuphulaphula nokuthetha kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeenjongo, abantu abafumana ulwazi, kunyenemixholo.

Abafundi baqonda ukuba ukuthetha nokuphulaphula yimisebenzi yentlalo eyenzeka kwiimeko ezithile,ngeenjongo ezahluka-hlukeneyo, nakubaphulaphuli, kwanokuba iintlobo ngeentlobo zentetho, nolwimiolusetyenziswa ngabantu abasendaweni ethile, zahlukile ngokunjalo. Baqaphela basebenzisengokwamkelekileyo iindidi ngeendidi zentetho yomlomo, kwaneentetho ezisetyenziswa ngabantu abathilengokweenjongo nefomathi yetekisi, kuluhlu lweemeko ezisemthethweni neemeko ezingekho mthethweni.

Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha ngundoqo wokufunda kuzo zonke izifundo. Abafundi baqokelela baze badibanise,bazakhele ulwazi, basombulule iingxaki, baze baveze iingcamango neembono, ngokuthi basebenzise iindlelaezinempumelelo zokuphulaphula nokuthetha. Ubuchule bokuphulaphula ngenyameko benza ukuba abafundibakwazi ukuqaphela okuxabisekileyo, neendlela ababona ngayo izinto ezifihlakeleyo, kananjalo bakwaziukucela umngeni kulwimi olunomtsalane othambekele ecaleni, kunye nolwimi olusetyenziswe ngobuqhetseba.

IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi-2 : Ukufunda nokulolonga

Umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda nokulolonga, ngenjongo yokuqonda nokukhangela ngeliso elibukhali, esabelakuluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi.

Ubuchule obakheke kakuhle ekufundeni nasekulolongeni, bungundoqo ekufundeni okuyimpumelelokwizifundo zonke, kwikharityhulam iphela, kwakunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo kwintlalonakwiindawo zemisebenzi. Abafundi baya kukhulisa ubugcisa bokufunda nokulolonga uluhlu olubanzilokufunda iitekisi, kubandakanya iitekisi ezibonwayo, esenzela ukufumana ulwazi. Abafundi baqaphela indlelaoluthi uncwadi, kunye nerejista, lubonise ngayo injongo, abantu abafumana ulwazi kunye nomxholo weetekisi.

Abafundi basebenzisa uluhlu lweendlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokufunda, nokulolonga ngokuxhomekekekwinjongo yabo yokufunda, kwakunye nohlobo lwetekisi. Bazifumanela intsingiselo kwitekisi, bachongeokuxabisekileyo nezizindlo, baze baphendule ngokuqiqisisayo. Abafundi baphonononga, baze babonise ulwalamanolwabo nolwabanye, ngokufunda nangokulolonga. Ukufunda iitekisi kunika abafundi imizekelo yendlela yokubhalakwabo.

IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi-3 : Ukubhala nokunikezela

Umfundi uyakwazi ukubhala nokunikezela ngakubhalileyo ngokoluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo, nabantuabafumana ulwazi, esebenzisa imigaqo yolwimi neefomathi ezifanelekileyo, kwimixholo eyahluka-hlukeneyo.

Ukubhala sisixhobo esinamandla soqhagamshelwano, esivumela abafundi ukuba babhale, baze baqhagamsheleiingcinga kunye neengcamango ngokubumbeneyo. Ukuziqhelisa ukubhala rhoqo, kwiimeko ezininzi,imisebenzi, nemimandla yesifundo, kwenza ukuba abafundi baqhagamshelane ngendlela olusebenza ngayoulwimi, besebenzisa isiphiwo sokuyila. Injongo kukwandisa ababhali abanesakhono, nabanolwazioluphangaleleyo, abaya kukwazi ukusebenzisa ubuchule babo ekwakheni okwamkelekayo okubhaliweyo,okubonwayo, kunye neendidi ngeendidi zeetekisi zezixhobo ezininzi, besenzela iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi-4 : Igrama, nokusetyenziswa kolwimi

Umfundi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi zolwimi, kunye nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokufanelekileyonangokufezekileyo.

Abafundi bandisa ulwazi lwabo lokusebenzisa isigama, baze basebenzise ukuqonda kwabo izakhi zolwimingokuchanekileyo, ngokuthi basebenzise iintlobo ngeentlobo zeetekisi. Baveza ukuqonda kwabo okunzulubokubonisa indlela okuxabisekileyo, kwanokukrutha-kruthana kulwelwa amandla, okuzinziswe kulo ulwimi,nendlela oluthi ulwimi lube nefuthe ngayo kwabanye.


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ImiGangatho yokuHlola

Sikwazi oku xa umfundi ekwazi uku:

IsiPhumo sokuFunda soku-1

Ukuphulaphula nokuthetha

Umfundi uyakwazi ukuphulaphula nokuthethakwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeenjongo, abantuabafumana ulwazi, kunye nemixholo.

■ bonakalisa ulwazi lweemo ezahlukeneyozokunxibelelana ngomlomo ezisetyenziswa xakuqhagamshelwana nabanye:• funda, aze abelane ngezimvo, ebonisa

ukuqonda iingqikelelo, esenzanamagqabantshintshi ngamava akhe,akhusele isigqibo asithabathileyo, anikenempendulo engalungiselelwanga, ebalisaibali;

• qala, aze ahlale encokweni, ngokukhulisaubuchule bokusebenzisa imigaqoyokunikana amathuba afanelekileyo, ukuvalaizikhewu, ekhuthaza apho kufaneleke khona;

• nika, aze alandele izalathisi nemiyalelo;

• sebenzisana kwiingxoxo zamaqela,ngokuvakalisa izimvo neembono zakhe, azeaphulaphule, enika nembeko kwizimvozabanye, xa exoxa ngoluhlu lwemiba efananoqukaniso, ukruthakruthwano ngamandla,kunye nokusingqongileyo, indlelayokuziphatha, imiba yezentlalonezenkcubeko, nemiba yamalungelo abantu;

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ISAHLUKO SESI-3

IZIPHUMO ZOKUFUNDA, IMIGANGATHO YOKUHLOLA,UMONGO KUNYE NEEMEKO


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ukuqonda iingqikelelo, enika izimvongamava akhe, ekhusela isigqiboasithathileyo, anike nempenduloengalungiselelwanga, ebalisa ibali;

• qala, aze ahlale encokweni, ngokubonakalisaubuchule obufanelekileyo bokusebenzisaimigaqo yokunikana amathuba, avaleizithuba, akhuthaze apho kufaneleke khona;

• nika, aze alandele izalathisi nemiyalelo,ngokuchaneka okukhulayo;

• sebenzisana kwiingxoxo zamaqela,ngokuvakalisa izimvo neembono zakhe, azeaphulaphule, enika nembeko kwizimvozabanye, xa exoxa ngoluhlu lwemiba efananoqukaniso, ukruthakruthwano ngamandla,kunye nokusingqongileyo, indlelayokuziphatha, imiba yezentlalonezenkcubeko; nemiba yamalungelo abantu;


ukuqonda iingqikelelo, enika izimvongamava akhe, ekhusela isigqiboasithathileyo, anike nempenduloengalungiselelwanga, ebalisa ibali;

• qala, aze ahlale encokweni, ngokubonakalisaubuchule obufanelekileyo bokusebenzisaimigaqo yokunikana amathuba, avaleizithuba, akhuthaze apho kufaneleke khona;

• nika, aze alandele izalathisi nemiyalelongokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisana kwiingxoxo zamaqela,ngokufezekileyo, ngokuvakalisa izimvoneembono zakhe, aze aphulaphule, enikanembeko kwizimvo zabanye, xa exoxangoluhlu lwemiba efana noqukaniso,ukruthakruthwano ngamandla, kunyenokusingqongileyo, indlela yokuziphatha,imiba yezentlalo nezenkcubeko, nemibayamalungelo abantu;

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IsiPhumo sokuFunda soku-1(Kusaqhutywa)



• thabatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo, iintetho-mpikiswano, kunye neentlanganisoezisesikweni, elandela iinkquboezichanekileyo;

• azisa isithethi ngokufanelekileyo, aze enzenentetho yombulelo;

• enza udliwano-ndlebe olulula, aze anikenengxelo ngeziphumo, apho kufanelekekhona.

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• thabatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zephaneli,kwiintetho-mpikiswano, nakwiintlanganisoezisesikweni, elandela iinkquboezichanekileyo;


• sebenzisa ubuchule bokwenza udliwano-ndlebe, aze anike nengxelo ngeziphumo,apho kufaneleke khona;

• thabatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zephaneli,kwiintetho-mpikiswano, kwiindawozengxoxo, kwiintlanganiso ezisesikweni,elandela iinkqubo ezichanekileyo;


• sebenzisa ubuchule bokwenza udliwano-ndlebe, aze anike nengxelo ngeziphumo,apho kufaneleke khona;



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■ bonakalisa izakhono zokucwangcisanokuphanda, elungiselela ukwenza intethoyomlomo:• phanda isihloko, ngokukhangela kuluhlu

lwemithombo yolwazi alunikiweyonefanelekileyo;

• cwangcisa kakuhle ulwazi ngendlela ebonisaukuhambelana kwezimvo, ngokukhethaizimvo eziphambili, kunye neenkcukacha,okanye imizekelo, esenzela ukuzixhasa;

• chonga, aze akhethe izakhiwo, isigama,kunye nezakhi zolwimi, nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi;

• lungisa iintshayelelo kunye nezipheloezanelisayo;

• fakela izixhobo ezibonwayo, eziviwayo,kunye neziviwa-zibonwa, ezinjengeetshathi,iipowusta, iifoto, izilayidi, imifanekiso,umculo, isandi kunye nezoqhagamshelwanoze-elektroniki.






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■ bonakalisa izakhono zokucwangcisanokuphanda, elungiselela ukwenza intethoyomlomo:• phanda isihloko, ngokukhangela iintlobo

ngeentlobo zemithombo yolwazi;

• cwangcisa kakuhle ulwazi ngendlela ebonisaukuhambelana kwezimvo, ngokukhethaizimvo eziphambili, kunye neenkcukacha,okanye imizekelo efanelekileyonechanekileyo, esenzela ukuzixhasa;

• chonga, aze akhethe iifomathi, isigama,kunye nezakhi zolwimi, nemigaqoefanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi.

• lungisa iintshayelelo kunye nezipheloezanelisayo;

• fakela izixhobo ezifanelekileyo,ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, neziviwa-zibonwa,ezinjengeetshathi, iipowusta, iifoto, izilayidi,imifanekiso, umculo, isandi, kunyenezoqhagamshelwano ze-elektroniki.

■ bonakalisa izakhono zokucwangcisanokuphanda, elungiselela ukwenza intethoyomlomo:• phanda isihloko, ngokukhangela iintlobo

ngeentlobo zemithombo yolwazi;

• cwangcisa kakuhle ulwazi ngendlela ebonisaukuhambelana kwezimvo, ngokukhethaizimvo eziphambili, kunye neenkcukacha,okanye imizekelo efanelekileyonechanekileyo, esenzela ukuzixhasa;

• chonga, aze akhethe iifomathi, isigama,kunye nezakhi zolwimi, nemigaqoefanelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi.

• lungisa iintshayelelo kunye nezipheloezifezekileyo;

• fakela izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezibonwayo,eziviwayo, neziviwa-zibonwa,ezinjengeetshathi, iipowusta, iifoto, izilayidi,imifanekiso, umculo, isandi, kunyenezoqhagamshelwano ze-elektroniki.







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■ bonakalisa ubuchule bokuphulaphula, nokwenzaintetho yomlomo ngendlela ebonisaukuqhabalaka novakalelo:• sebenzisa izixhobo eziqhelekileyo

ezidlwengul’umxhelo ezinjengemibuzo-buciko, izinqumamisi, kunyenophindaphindo;

• sebenzisa, aze aphendule ngokufanelekileyokwithoni, ilizwi elivakalayo, isantyasokuthetha, ukunamathelisa amehlo, indlelayokuma, nezijekulo;

• biza amagama, amaxesha amaninzi,ngendlela engajiki ntsingiselo;

• bonakalisa ukukuqonda okuqulethweziitekisi zomlomo, ngokubhala phantsiizimvo eziphambili kunye/okanyeezixhasayo, ngokuthatha amanqaku, uluhlulwezinto ezifanele ukukhangelwa,izishwankathelo, ukuchaza intetho ngamanyeamazwi kunye/okanye ngokubalisakwakhona;

• phulaphula ngengqiqo, aze aphendulenemibuzo ebuzelwa ukucacisa.






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■ bonakalisa ubuchule bokuphulaphula, nokwenzaintetho yomlomo ngendlela ebonisaukuqhabalaka novakalelo:• sebenzisa izixhobo ezidlwengul’umxhelo

eziqhelekileyo ezinjengemibuzo-buciko,izinqumamisi, kunye nophindaphindo;

• sebenzisa, aze aphendule ngokufanelekileyokwithoni, ilizwi elivakalayo, isantyasokuthetha, ukunamathelisa amehlo, indlelayokuma, nezijekulo;

• biza amagama, ngendlela engajikintsingiselo;

• bonakalisa ukukuqonda okuqulethweziitekisi zomlomo, ngokubhala phantsiizimvo eziphambili kunye/okanyenezixhasayo, ngokuthatha amanqaku, uluhlulwezinto ezifanele ukukhangelwa,izishwankathelo, ukuchaza intethongamanye amazwi, kunye/okanyengokubalisa kwakhona kunye nokuchaza;


■ bonakalisa ubuchule bokuphulaphula, nokwenzaintetho yomlomo ngendlela ebonisaukuqhabalaka novakalelo:• sebenzisa, aze avavanye izixhobo

ezidlwengul’umxhelo eziqhelekileyoezinjengemibuzo-buciko, izinqumamisikunye nophindaphindo;

• sebenzisa, aze aphendule ngokufezekileyokwithoni, ilizwi elivakalayo, isantyasokuthetha, ukunamathelisa amehlo, indlelayokuma, nezijekulo;

• biza amagama, ngendlela engajikintsingiselo;

• bonakalisa ukukuqonda okuqulethweziitekisi zomlomo, ngokubhala phantsiizimvo eziphambili kunye/okanyenezixhasayo, ngokuthatha amanqaku, uluhlulwezinto ezifanele ukukhangelwa,izishwankathelo, ukuchaza intethongamanye amazwi kunye/okanyengokubalisa kwakhona kunye nokuchaza;








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IBanga le-10

■ bonisa ukuqonda okunzulu xa kusetyenziswaulwimi kwintetho yomlomo:• sebenzisa izimbo neerejista, esenzela ukuba

oku kulungele injongo, abantu abafumanaulwazi, kunye nomxholo;

• nakana, aze achaze iintlobo ngeentlobozolwimi, ngokuqonda nokuxabisaokukhulayo;

• chonga, aze asebenzise ubugcisa bokucengakwiimeko eziqhelekileyo;

• ahlula phakathi kwento eyenzekileyoeyinyaniso, kunye neembono;

• enza intelekelelo, ekwanika neemboniswanozakhe, aze azixhase;

• phonononga indlela intsingiselo engajijwangayo, ngokufaka okanye kushiywe ngabomulwazi oluthile;

• nakana iziphumo zokusetyenziswakwezakhiwo zolwimi, ezinjengolwimiolusetyenziswa kwezobugcisa, kunyenejagoni;

• nakana ukuzalana okukhoyo phakathikolwimi nenkcubeko, kunye nolwiminamandla olwimi;


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■ bonisa ukuqonda okunzulu xa kusetyenziswaulwimi kwintetho yomlomo:• sebenzisa, izimbo neerejista, esenzela ukuba

oku kulungele injongo, abantu abafumanaulwazi, kunye nomxholo;

• nakana, aqonde, aze axabise iintlobongeentlobo zolwimi;

• chonga, aze asebenzise uluhlu lobugcisabokucenga;

• ahlula phakathi kwezinto ezenzekileyoeziyinyaniso kunye neembono, aze anikeubungqina;

• enza intelekelelo, ekwanika neemboniswanozakhe, aze azixhase ngokunika ubungqina;

• chaza indlela intsingiselo engajijwa ngayo,ngokufaka ngabom, okanye kushiywe ulwazioluthile;

• nakana iziphumo zokusetyenziswakwezakhiwo zolwimi, ezinjengolwimiolusetyenziswa kwezobugcisa, kunyenejagoni;

• nakana ukuzalana okukhoyo phakathikolwimi nenkcubeko, kunye nolwiminamandla olwimi;

■ bonisa ukuqonda okunzulu xa kusetyenziswaulwimi kwintetho yomlomo:• sebenzisa, aze avavanye izimbo kunye

neerejista, esenzela ukuba oku kulungeleinjongo, abantu abafumana ulwazi, kunyenomxholo;

• nakana, aqonde, aze axabise iintlobongeentlobo zolwimi;

• chonga, aze asebenzise uluhlu lobugcisabokucenga;

• ahlula phakathi kwezinto ezenzekileyoezinyaniso kunye neembono, aze anikeubungqina, naxa zivelelwe nje ngendlelaerheshayo;

• enza intelekelelo, ekwanika neemboniswanozakhe, aze azixhase ngobungqinaobuqinisekisayo;

• chaza indlela intsingiselo engajijwa ngayo,ngokufaka ngabom okanye kushiywe ulwazioluthile;

• nakana, aze ahluze iziphumozokusetyenziswa kwezakhiwo zolwimi,ezinjengolwimi olusetyenziswakwezobugcisa, kunye nejagoni;

• chaza ukuzalana okukhoyo phakathikolwimi nenkcubeko, kunye nolwiminamandla olwimi;



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Umfundi uyakwazi ukuphulaphula nokuthethakwiintlobo neentlobo zeenjongo, abantu abafumanaulwazi, kunye nemixholo.

• nakana, aze acele umngeni kulwimiolucacileyo, oluchukumisa ngokucacileyonolujija ingqondo, umtsalane othambekeleecaleni, olubonakalisa ukuqal’ugwebe,intetho okanye ingcinga enye ngento ethile,njengaxa kusasazwa ipropaganda, naxakusenziwa izibhengezo.

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• nakana, aze acele umngeni kulwimiolucacileyo oluchukumisayo, nolujijaingqondo, olunomtsalane othambekeleecaleni, olubonakalisa ukuqal’ugwebe,intetho okanye ingcinga esolokoisetyenziswa njalo, njengaxa kusasazwaipropaganda, naxa kusenziwa izibhengezo.

• nakana, aze acele umngeni kulwimioluchukumisayo nolujija ingqondo,olunomtsalane othambekele ecaleni,olubonakalisa ukuqal’ugwebe, intethookanye ingcinga esoloko isetyenziswa njalo,njengaxa kusasazwa ipropaganda, naxakusenziwa izibhengezo.



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■ bonakalisa iindlela ngeendlela zobuchulebokufunda nokulolonga, esenzela ukuqondanokuncoma:• buza imibuzo, ukuze axele ngokucacileyo

ngenx’engaphambili;• funda iitekisi ngokukhawuleza, engacoseleli,

esenzela ukuchonga izimvo eziphambili,ngokufunda izihloko, iintshayelelo, imihlathiesekuqaleni, kunye nezivakalisi ezitshayelelaimihlathi;

• krwaqula iitekisi xa efunda, esenzelaukufumana iinkcukacha zokuzixhasa;

• funda ngokuqhabalaka, nangenyameko,ngokwenjongo, kunye nomsebenziawunikiweyo;

• shwankathela izimvo eziphambili kunyenezixhasayo, esebenzisa amanqaku kuphela,kunye nezivakalisi;

• thelekelela intsingiselo yamagamaangaqhelekanga, okanye imifanekisoengaqhelekanga, ngokwemixholoekhethiweyo, ngokusebenzisa ulwazilwegrama, ubuchule bokulungelelanisaamalungu egama xa ufunda, ingcebisongokwemixholo, isandi, umbala, uyilo,indlela izinto ezithile ezilungelelaniswangayo, nangokusebenzisa imizwa;

• funda kwakhona, acinge, ahlaziye, ukuzeaphucule ukuqonda.



IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi-2

Ukufunda nokulolonga

Umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda nokulolonga,ngenjongo yokuqonda nokukhangela ngelisoelibukhali, esabela kuluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi.

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■ bonakalisa iindlela ngeendlela zobuchulebokufunda nokulolonga, esenzela ukuqondanokuncoma:• buza imibuzo, ukuze axele

ngenx’engaphambili;• funda itekisi ngokukhawuleza, engacoseleli,

esenzela ukuchonga izimvo eziphambili,ngokufunda izihloko iintshayelelo, imihlathiesekuqaleni, kunye nezivakalisi ezitshayelelaimihlathi;

• krwaqula iitekisi xa efunda, ekhangelaiinkcukacha anokuzisebenzisela ukuzixhasa;

• funda ngokuqhabalaka nangenyamekongokwenjongo kunye nomsebenziawunikiweyo;

• shwankathela izimvo eziphambili kunyenezixhasayo, esebenzisa amanqaku,izivakalisi, kunye nemihlathi;

• thelekelela intsingiselo yamagama okanyeimifanekiso engaqhelekanga,ngokwemixholo eqhelekileyo,ngokusebenzisa ulwazi lwegrama, ubuchulebokulungelelanisa amalungu egama xaufunda, iingcebiso ngokwemixholo, isandi,umbala, uyilo, indlela izinto ezithileezilungelelaniswa ngayo, nangokusebenzisaimizwa;


■ bonakalisa iindlela ngeendlela zobuchulebokufunda nokulolonga, esenzela ukuqondanokuncoma:• buza imibuzo, ukuze axele

ngenx’engaphambili;• funda iitekisi ngokukhawuleza, engacoseleli,

esenzela ukuchonga izimvo eziphambili,ngokufunda izihloko, iintshayelelo, imihlathiesekuqaleni, kunye nezivakalisi ezitshayelelaimihlathi;

• krwaqula iitekisi xa efunda, ekhangelaiinkcukacha anokuzisebenzisela ukuzixhasa;

• funda ngokuqhabalaka nangenyamekongokwenjongo kunye nomsebenziawunikiweyo;

• shwankathela izimvo eziphambili, kunyenezixhasayo, esebenzisa amanqaku,izivakalisi, kunye nemihlathi;

• thelekelela intsingiselo yamagama okanyeimifanekiso engaqhelekanga,ngokwemixholo eqhelekileyonengaqhelekanga, ngokusebenzisa ulwazilwegrama, ubuchule bokulungelelanisaamalungu egama xa ufunda, iingcebisongokwemixholo, isandi, umbala, uyilo,indlela izinto ezithile ezilungelelaniswangayo, nangokusebenzisa imizwa;








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■ chaza intsingiselo yoluhlu olubanzi lweetekisiezibhalwayo, ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, neziviwa-zibonwa:• fumana ulwazi kunye neenkcukacha

kwiitekisi;• nakana indlela ekunokuba nefuthe ngayo

kwintsingiselo, ukuchonga nokushiya izintoezithile kwiitekisi;

• ahlula phakathi kwento eyinyani kunyenoluvo, aze anike nempendulo eyeyakhe;

• nakana umahluko phakathi kwentsingiseloegqanyisiweyo, nengathiwanga pahaha;

• nakana uluvo lombhali/ lombalisi/lomlinganiswa, aze anike ubungqinaobuxhasayo obuvela kwitekisi;

• nakana ngokuncediswa, imvelaphiyezentlalo, ezepolitiki, kwakunyenezenkcubeko kwiitekisi;

• nakana, aze achaze isiphumo solwimioluzekelisayo, oludlwengula umxhelo kunyenezixhobo zokunonga ulwimiezinjengezikweko, isifaniso, isimntwiso,isinxulumaniso, isifanadumo, umqondiso,umbabazo, uthelekiso, impoxo, kunyenesigqebelo kwintsingiselo yeetekisi;



IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi-2(Kusaqhutywa)



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■ hluza intsingiselo yoluhlu olubanzi lweetekisiezibhalwayo, ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, neziviwa-zibonwa:• fumana ulwazi kunye neenkcukacha

kwiitekisi;• nakana indlela ekunokuba nefuthe ngayo

kwintsingiselo, ukuchonga nokushiya izintoezithile kwiitekisi;

• ahlula phakathi kwento eyinyani kunyenoluvo, aze azixhase ngempendulo evelakuye;

• nakana umahluko phakathi kwentsingiseloegqanyisiweyo, nengathwanga pahaha;

• chaza uluvo lombhali/umbalisi /lomlinganiswa, aze anike ubungqinaobuxhasayo obuvela kwitekisi;

• nakana imvelaphi yezentlalo, ezepolitiki,kunye nezenkcubeko kwiitekisi;

• nakana, aze achaze isiphumo soluhluolubanzi lolwimi oluzekelisayo,oludlwengula umxhelo, nolunobuciko,kwakunye nezixhobo zokunonga ulwimi,ezinjengezikweko, isifaniso, isimntwiso,isinxulumaniso, isifanadumo, umqondiso,umbabazo, uthelekiso, impoxo, isigqebelo,ukubhala ngendlela ekhwencayo,uvuthondaba kunye nenkcaso-vuthondabakwintsingiselo yeetekisi;

■ hluza intsingiselo yoluhlu olubanzi lweetekisiezibhalwayo, ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, neziviwa-zibonwa:• fumana ulwazi kunye neenkcukacha

ezifanelekileyo kwiitekisi;• nakana, aze achaze indlela ekunokuba

nefuthe ngayo kwintsingiselo, ukuchonganokushiya izinto ezithile kwiitekisi;

• ahlula phakathi kwento eyinyani kunyenoluvo, aze azixhase ngempendulo evelakuye;

• nakana umahluko phakathi kwentsingiseloegqanyisiweyo, nengathwanga pahaha;

• chaza uluvo lombhali / umbalisi /lomlinganiswa, aze anike ubungqinaobuxhasayo obuvela kwitekisi;

• chaza imvelaphi yezentlalo, ezepolitiki,kunye nezenkcubeko kwiitekisi;

• nakana, aze achaze isiphumo soluhluolubanzi lolwimi oluzekelisayo,oludlwengula umxhelo, nolunobuciko,kwakunye nezixhobo zokunonga ulwimi,ezinjengezikweko, isifaniso, isimntwiso,isinxulumaniso, isifanadumo, umqondiso,ukudlala ngamagama, umbabazo, uthelekiso,impoxo, umfanekiso wokuhlekisa ngentongokuyilinganisa, isigqebelo, ukubhalangendlela ekhwencayo, intetho ebhidanisayonenkcaso-vuthondaba, kwintsingisehoyeetekisi;







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• chaza isiphelo sombhali, aze athelekisenesakhe;

• fumana intsingiselo yeetekisi eziqhelekileyoeziyimizobo;

• nika, aze azixhase kwiimpendulo azinikileyokwiitekisi.






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• chaza isiphelo sombhali, aze athelekisenesakhe;

• fumana, aze ahluze intsingiselo yoluhlulweetekisi eziyimizobo;

• nika, aze azixhase kwiimpendulo azinikileyokwiitekisi.

• chaza intelekelelo yombhali kunyenesiphelo, aze athelekise nesakhe;

• fumana, aze ahluze intsingiselo yoluhluolubanzi lweetekisi eziyimizobo;

• nika, aze azixhase kwiimpenduloazinikileyo, kwiitekisi ngendlelaeqinisekisayo.







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■ nakana indlela ulwimi, kunye nemifanekiso,enokuthi ibonise, kwaye ilungelelanise ngayoizinto ezixabisekileyo neendlela ozijonga ngayoizinto, kwiitekisi:• nakana inkcubeko yezentlalo

nokuxabisekileyo kwezepolitiki, indlelaazibona ngayo izinto malunga nesini, udidi,ubudala, ubunganga, amalungelo abantu,okuqukayo kuvulelwa wonke umfundi kunyenemiba yokusingqongileyo;

• nakana uhlobo lolwimi olunomtsalaneothambekele ecaleni, ukuqal’ugwebe,nokucalucalula okukwiitekisi;






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■ nakana indlela ulwimi, kunye nemifanekiso,enokuthi ibonise, kwaye ilungelelanise ngayoizinto ezixabisekileyo neendlela ozijonga ngayoizinto, kwiitekisi:• nakana, aze achaze inkcubeko yezentlalo

nokuxabisekileyo kwezopolitiko, indlelaazibona ngayo izinto malunga nesini, udidi,ubudala, ubunganga, amalungelo abantu,okuqukayo kuvulelwa wonke umfundikunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo;

• nakana, aze achaze uhlobo lolwimiolunomtsalane othambekele ecaleni,ukuqal’ugwebe, nokucalucalulaokukwiitekisi.

■ vavanya indlela ulwimi, kunye nemifanekiso,enokuthi ibonise, kwaye ilungelelanise ngayoizinto ezixabisekileyo neendlela ozijonga ngayoizinto kwiitekisi:• chaza inkcubeko yezentlalo

nokuxabisekileyo kwezopolitiko, indlelaazibona ngayo izinto malunga nesini, udidi,ubudala, ubunganga, amalungelo abantu,okuqukayo kuvulelwa wonke umfundikunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo;

• nakana, aze achaze uhlobo lolwimiolunomtsalane othambekele ecaleni,ukuqal’ugwebe, nokucalucalulaokukwiitekisi.







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■ phonononga, iimpawu eziphambili zeetekisi,achaze kananjalo nendlela eziphulisa ngayointsingiselo (ezi mpawu akufuneki zisetyenziswezizodwa):

* iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano nezokuyila:

• chonga, aze achaze injongo, izakhi,kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimiolukwiitekisi kwikharityhulam iphela,njengeengxelo, iinkqubo, ukubalisakwakhona, iinkcazo, kunye nokunikaiinkcukacha zokwenza into ethile kunye,neenkcazelo;

• chonga, aze achaze ifuthe lobuchuleobusetyenzisiweyo, njengobungakanani,kunye nohlobo loonobumbaabasetyenziswayo xa kuchwethezwanaxa kushicilelwa, iintlokonezihlokwana, ngokuncediswa.

* iitekisi zoncwadi:

inoveli, amabalana amafutshane, iintsominamaqhalo abantu [iintsomi], amavoamafutshane:• chaza ngokukhula kwesakhiwo sebali,

isakhiwana sebali, impixano,abalinganiswa kunye nendima edlalwangumbalisi, apho kufaneleke khona;

• chonga, aze achaze imiyalezo kunyenomxholo, aze azinxulumanise nemihlathiekhethiweyo, kwitekisi iphela;






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■ phonononga, iimpawu eziphambili zeetekisi,achaze kananjalo nendlela eziphuhlisa ngayointsingiselo (ezi mpawu akufuneki zisetyenziswezizodwa):


• chonga, aze achaze injongo, izakhi,kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwimiolukwiitekisi kwikharityhulam iphela,njengeengxelo, iinkqubo, ukubalisakwakhona, iinkcazo, kunye nokunikaiinkcukacha zokwenza into ethile kunyeneenkcazelo;

• chonga, aze achaze ifuthe lobuchuleobusetyenzisiweyo, njengobungakanani,kunye nohlobo loonobumbaabasetyenziswayo xa kuchwethezwa, naxakushicilelwa iintloko nezihlokwana.


inoveli, amabalana amafutshane, iintsominamaqhalo abantu [iintsomi], amavoamafutshane:• chaza ngokukhula kwesakhiwo sebali,

isakhiwana sebali, impixano,abalinganiswa kunye nendima edlalwangumbalisi, apho kufaneleke khona;

• chonga, aze achaze imiyalezo kunyeneengxam/nemixholo, azeazinxulumanise nemihlathi ekhethiweyo,kwitekisi iphela;

■ phonononga, iimpawu eziphambili zeetekisi,achaze kananjalo nendlela eziphuhlisa ngayointsingiselo (ezi mpawu akufuneki zisetyenziswezizodwa):


• chonga, aze achaze injongo, izakhi,kunye nokusetyenziswo kolwimiolukwiitekisi kwikharityhulam iphela,njengeengxelo, iinkqubo, ukubalisakwakhona, iinkcazo, kunye nokunikaiinkcukacha zokwenza into ethile kunyeneenkcazelo;

• chonga, aze achaze ifuthe lobuchuleobusetyenzisiweyo, njengobungakanani,kunye nohlobo loonobumbaabasetyenziswayo xa kuchwethezwa, naxakushicilelwa iintloko nezihlokwana.


inoveli, amabalana amafutshane, iintsominamaqhalo abantu [iintsomi], amavoamafutshane:• chaza, aze afumane intsingiselo

yokukhula kwesakhiwo sebali,isakhiwana sebali, impixano,abalinganiswa kunye nendima edlalwangumbalisi, apho kufaneleke khona;

• chaza, aze afumane intsingiseloyemiyalezo kunye nemxiholo,nokubaluleka kwazo kwitekisi iphela;







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• chaza indlela imvelaphi kunye nemo-ntlaloezizalana ngayo nomlinganiswa kunye/okanye nomxholo;

• chaza imeko yomphefumlo wombhali,ukuphefumlelana kweziganekongokwamaxesha, kunye nesiphelokwitekisi;

isihobe (kubandakanya nezibongozomthonyama):• nakana indlela uchongo-magama,

izafobe, imifanekiso-ntelekelelo, kunyenezixhobo ezinesandi eziyiphembelelangayo imo yomphefumlo wembongi,intsingiselo kunye nomxholo wetekisi;

• nakana indlela eyiphembelela ngayointsingiselo imiqolo, iimo zemihlathi,umngqungqo, isingqisho kunye nezinyeiindlela zophindaphindo, nokusebenzisaiziphumlisi.

idrama nokufunda ngomboniso bhanya-bhanya:• nakana indlela ingxoxo kunye

nentshukumo ezizalana ngayonomlinganiswa kunye nomxholo;

• chaza isakhiwo sebali, isakhiwana sebaliukubunjwa kwabalinganiswa, impixano,kunye nenjongo yamacim-cim ebali;





Umfundi uyakwazi ukufunda nokulolonga,ngenjongo yokuqonda nokukhangela ngelisoelibukhali; esabela kuluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi.

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• chaza indlela imvelaphi kunye nemo-ntlaloezizalana ngayo nomlinganiswa kunye/okanye nomxholo;

• chaza imo yomphefumlo wombhali,ukuphefumlelana kweziganeko,isigqebelo cim cim kunye nesiphelokwiitekisi.

isihobe (kubandakanya nezibongozomthonyama):• chaza indlela uchongo-magama, izafobe,

imifanekiso-ntelekelelo, kunyenezixhobo ezinesandi, eziyiphembelelangayo imo yomphefumlo wembongiintsingiselo kunye nomxholo wetekisi;

• nakana indlela umqolo, izakhiwozemihlathi, umngqungqo, isingqisho,ezinye iindlela zophindaphindo kunyenokusebenzisa iziphumlisiekuyiphembelela ngayo intsingiselo;

idrama nokufunda ngomboniso bhanya-bhanya:• nakana, aze achaze indlela ingxoxo

kunye nentshukumo ezizalana ngayonomlinganiswa kunye nomxholo;

• chaza isakhiwo sebali, isakhiwana sebali,ukubunjwa kwabalinganiswa, impixano,injongo yamacim-cim ebali, kunyenesigqebelo-cim-cim;

• fumana intsingiselo kwindlela imvelaphikunye nemo-ntlalo ezizalana ngayonomlinganiswa kunye/okanye nomxholo;

• fumana intsingiselo yomphefumlowombhali, ukuphefumlelanakweziganeko, isigqebelo cim cim kunyenesiphelo kwiitekisi.

isihobe (kunye nezibongo zomthonyama):

• fumana intsingiselo yendlela uchongo-magama izafobe, imifanekiso-ntelekelelo, kunye nezixhobo ezinesandi,eziyiphembelela ngayo imoyomphefumlo wembongi intsingiselokunye nomxholo wetekisi;

• chaza indlela umqolo, izakhiwozemihlathi, umngqungqo, isingqisho,ezinye iindlela zophindaphindo kunyenokusebenzisa iziphumlisiekuyiphembelela ngayo intsingiselo;

idrama nokufunda ngomboniso bhanya-bhanya:• nakana, aze achaze indlela ingxoxo kunye

nentshukumo ezizalana ngayonomlinganiswa kunye nomxholo;

• chaza, aze afumane intsingiseloyesakhiwo sebali, isakhiwana sebali,ukubunjwa kwabalinganiswa, impixano,injongo yamacim-cim ebali, kunyenesigqebelo cim-cim;



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• chaza ukubunjwa kwamacim-cim ebalikunye nemiyalelo yaseqongeni.

* iitekisi ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, eziviwa-zibonwa kunye nezisebenzisa izixhobozokuqhagamshelana ezininzi: ukufunda ngomboniso bhanya-bhanya,umabonakude, kunye nerediyo-drama:

• chonga, aze achaze umyalezo kunyenomxholo;

• nakana ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobozobugcisa ezibonwayo, eziviwayo,kunye neziviwa-zibonwa,ezinjengokusetyenziswa kombala,iintetho-ngcaciso, ingxoxo, umculo,isandi, ukukhanya, ukuhlela, ukuqola(ukufreyinywa), izimbo zokufota,intshukumo yekhamera, ubuchulebekhamera, ukunkqenkqezisa phambilinokundyondyisa emva ngabom.

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• chaza ukubunjwa kwamacim-cim ebalikunye nemiyalelo yaseqongeni.


• chonga, aze achaze umyalezo kunyenomxholo weetekisi;

• chaza ifuthe lezixhobo zobuchuleezibonwayo, eziviwayo, kunyeneziviwa-zibonwa,ezinjengokusetyenziswa kombala,iintlokwana, ingxoxo, umculo, isandi,ukukhanya, ukuhlela, ukuqola(ukufreyima), izimbo zokufota, umxube,intshukumo yekhamera, ubuchulebekhamera, ukunkqenkqezisa phambilinokundyondyisa emva ngabom.

• chaza, aze afumane intsingiseloyokubunjwa kwamacim-cim ebali, kunyenemiyalelo yaseqongeni.


• chonga, aze atolike umyalezo kunyenomxholo weetekisi;

• chaza ifuthe lezixhobo zobuchuleezibonwayo, eziviwayo, kunyeneziviwa-zibonwa,ezinjengokusetyenziswa kombala,iintlokwana, ingxoxo, umculo, isandi,ukukhanya, ukuhlela, ukuqola(ukufreyima), izimbo zokufota, umxube,intshukumo yekhamera, ubuchulebekhamera, ukunkqenkqezisa phambilinokundyondyisa emva ngabom.



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■ bonakalisa isakhono sokucwangcisa, xa ebhalelainjongo ethile, abantu abafumana ulwazi, kunyenomxholo:• chaza iimfuno zemisebenzi enikiweyo

eyahlukeneyo;• chonga abantu abafumana ulwazi ekujoliswe

kubo, kwaneyona njongo iyiyo,njengokubalisa, ukonwabisa, ukucengangenjongo yokuba ubani avume, ukuxoxa,ukucacisa nokulawula ngobuchulebokuqhatha;

• chonga, aze achaze iintlobo zeetekisi ezizakuvezwa, njengeetekisi zokuthelekelelaokusengqondweni, ezinika ulwazi, iitekisizokuyila, iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano, kunyenezisebenzisa iindlela ngeendlelazokuqhagamshelana ezininzi;

• thatha isigqibo, aze asebenzise isimboesifanelekileyo, indlela umbhali azibonangayo izinto, kunye nesakhiwo seetekisi;

• phanda ngezihloko ezivela kwimithomboyolwazi eqhelekileyo, aze abhale phantsiiziphumo zophando;

• fumana indawo yolwazi, afikelele kuyo,akhethe, alungise kakuhle, aze avangeulwazi olufanelekileyo oluvelakwimithombo yolwazi eqhelekileyo;

• guqula ulwazi, elususa kwimekoeqhelekileyo elusa kwenye, njengaxa elususakuhlobo lwegrafu, elusa kubhalo lomhlathi;



IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi-3

Ukubhala nokunikezela

Umfundi uyakwazi ukubhala nokunikezelangakubhalileyo ngokoluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo,nabantu abafumana ulwazi, esebenzisa imigaqoyolwimi neefomathi ezifanelekileyo kwimixholoeyahluka-hlukeneyo.

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■ bonakalisa isakhono sokucwangcisa, xa ebhalelainjongo ethile, abantu abafumana ulwazi kunyenomxholo:• chaza iimfuno zoluhlu lwemisebenzi

enikiweyo;• chonga abantu abafumana ulwazi ekujoliswe

kubo, kwaneyona njongo iyiyo,njengokubalisa, ukonwabisa, ukucengangenjongo yokuba ubani avume, ukunikaiimbono, ukucacisa, ukwazisa, ukuchaza,nokulawula ngobuchule bokuqhatha;

• chonga, aze achaze iintlobo zeetekisi ezizakuvezwa, njengeetekisi zokuthelekelelaokusengqondweni, ezinika ulwazi, iitekisizokuyila, iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano kunyenezisebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela ezininzizokuqhagamshelana;


• phanda ngezihloko ezivela kwiintlobongeentlobo zemithombo yolwazi, aze abhalephantsi iziphumo zophando;

• fumana indawo yolwazi, afikelele kuyo,akhethe, alungise kakuhle, aze avangeulwazi oluvela kwiintlobo ngeentlobozemithombo yolwazi;

• guqula ulwazi, elususa kwimekoeqhelekileyo elusa kwenye, njengokulususakuhlobo lwegrafu elusa kubhalo lomhlathi;

■ bonakalisa isakhono sokucwangcisa, xa ebhalelainjongo ethile, abantu abafumana ulwazi kunyenomxholo:• chaza iimfuno zoluhlu olubanzi

lwemisebenzi enikiweyo;• chonga abantu abafumana ulwazi ekujoliswe

kubo, kwaneyona njongo iyiyo,njengokubalisa, ukonwabisa, ukucengangenjongo yokuba ubani avume, ukunikaiimbono, ukucacisa, ukwazisa, ukufumanaintsingiselo, ukuchaza, nokulawulangobuchule bokuqhatha;

• chonga, aze achaze iintlobo zeetekisi ezizakuvezwa, njengeetekisi zokuthelekelelaokusengqondweni, ezinika ulwazi, iitekisizokuyila, iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano kunyenezisebenzisa iindlela ngeendlela ezininzizokuqhagamshelana;


• phanda ngezihloko ezivela kuluhlu olubanzilweentlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yolwazi,aze abhale phantsi iziphumo zophando;

• fumana indawo yolwazi, afikelele kuyo,akhethe, alungise kakuhle, aze avangeulwazi oluvela kwiintlobo ngeentloboezibanzi zemithombo yolwazi;

• guqula ulwazi, elususa kwenye imeko elusakwenye, njengokulususa kuhlobo lwegrafuelusa kubhalo lomhlathi;







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• veza kakuhle izimvo ezihambelanayo, azeazilungise ngokusebenzisa ubuchulebesicwangciso-zimvo, isazobe (idayagram),uluhlu lwamagama aphambili, nemizoboebonisa ukuhambelana kweziganeko;

• sebenzisa iimpawu ezithile zokubonwayonezokuyila ngokufanelekileyo.





Umfundi uyakwazi ukubhala nokunikezelangakubhalileyo ngokoluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo,nabantu abafumana ulwazi, esebenzisa imigaqoyolwimi neefomathi ezifanelekileyo, kwimixholoeyahluka-hlukeneyo.

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• sebenzisa uluhlu lweempawu ezibonwangeliso kwaneempawu zoyilo.


• sebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lweempawuezibonwa ngeliso kwaneempawu zoyilo.







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■ bonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kobugcisakwanobuchule bokubhala, xa esenza iidraftizokuqala:• sebenzisa izimvo ezingundoqo, kunye

nezixhasayo, kuyilo-nkqubo;

• linga ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo kunyenesimbo, ngeenjongo zokubonisa ubuchulebokuyila;

• chonga, aze asebenzise izixhobo ezibonisaisimbo nobuciko obudlwengula umxhelo,njengolwimi oluzekelisayo, uchongo-magama, inkcazelo ecacileyo, ilizwi lakhe,kunye nesimbo, imvakalozwi, umqondiso,umbala, indlela izinto ezithileezilungelelaniswe ngayo, kunye nesandi;

• sebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezivakalisikunye nezivakalisi ezahluke ngokobude,kwanezakhiwo zazo, ngokufanelekileyo;

• sebenzisa imigaqo yokubhala imihlathi,ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwezimvo,ngokusebenzisa izivakalisi eziyintloko,intshayelelo kunye nesiphelo, ulandelelwanolwemihlathi ngendlela eqiqisisiweyo,unobangela nesiphumo, uthelekisonomahluko;

• sebenzisa izihlanganisi, izimelabizo kunyenezihlomelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelanakwezimvo.


Sikwazi oku xa umfundi ekwazi uku :




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■ bonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kobugcisakwanobuchule bokubhala, xa esenza, iidraftizokuqala:• sebenzisa izimvo ezingundoqo kunye

nezixhasayo ngokuphuhlileyo, kuyilo-nkqubo;

• linga ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo, kunyenesimbo, ngeenjongo zokubonisa ubuchulebokuyila;

• chonga, aze asebenzise izixhobo ezibonisaisimbo nobuciko ngokufanelekileyo,njengolwimi oluzekelisayo, uchongo-magama, inkcazelo ecacileyo, ilizwi lakhe,kunye nesimbo, imvakalozwi, umqondiso,umbala, indlela izinto ezithileezilungelelaniswa ngayo, kunye nesandi;

• sebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezivakalisikunye nezivakalisi ezahluke ngokobude,kwanezakhiwo zazo ngokufanelekileyo;

• sebenzisa imigaqo yokubhala imihlathi,ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwezimvo,ngokusebenzisa izivakalisi eziyintloko,intshayelelo, kunye nesiphelo,ulandelelwano lwemihlathi ngendlelaeqiqisisiweyo, unobangela kunyenesiphumo, uthelekiso kunye nomahluko;

• sebenzisa izihlanganisi, izimelabizo, kunyenezihlomelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelanakwezimvo.

■ bonakalisa ukusetyenziswa kobugcisakwanobuchule bokubhala, xa esenza iidraftizokuqala:• sebenzisa izimvo ezingundoqo kunye

nezixhasayo ngokuphuhlileyo, kuyilo-nkqubo;

• linga ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo, kunyenesimbo, ngeenjongo zokubonisa ubuchulebokuyila;

• chonga, aze asebenzise izixhobo ezibonisaisimbo nobuciko ngokufanelekileyo,njengolwimi oluzekelisayo, uchongo-magama, inkcazelo ecacileyo, ilizwi lakhe,kunye nesimbo, imvakalozwi, umqondiso,umbala, indlela izinto ezithileezilungelelaniswe ngayo, kunye nesandi;

• sebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezivakalisikunye nezivakalisi ezahluke ngokobude,kwanezakhiwo zazo ngokufezekileyo;

• sebenzisa imigaqo yokubhala imihlathi,ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kwezimvo,ngokusebenzisa izivakalisi eziyintloko,intshayelelo, kunye nesiphelo,ulandelelwano lwemihlathi ngendlelaeqiqisisiweyo, unobangela kunyenesiphumo, uthelekiso kunye nomahluko;

• sebenzisa izihlanganisi, izimelabizo, kunyenezihlomelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelanakwezimvo.







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■ camngca, acazulule, ahluze umsebenzi wakhe,ethathela ingqalelo izimvo zabanye, enikezelangemveliso yobhalo lwakhe lokugqibela:• sebenzisa imilinganiselo ecwangcisiweyo,

esenzela ukuhluza ubhalo lwakhenolwabanye;

• phucula ukuhambelana nokunamathelanakwezimvo, kwisakhiwo siphela;

• qwalasela okokuba umxholo, isimbo, irejistaneziphumo, ziyifanele na injongo, abantuabafumana ulwazi kunye nomxholo, azealungise apho kufaneleke khona;

• hlala emxholweni kumbono nakwiingxoxozakhe, ngokuzithemba okukhulayo;

• cokisisa kakuhle uchongo-magama, isivakalisikunye nesakhiwo semihlathi, aze achwethelebucala iimpazamo ezicacileyo, amagamaangafuneki nganto asetyenziswe kwizivakalisi,ulwimi olungafunekiyo nolungekho sikwenikunye nejagon engafunekiyo;

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• qwalasela okokuba umxholo, isimbo, irejistaneziphumo, ziyifanele na injongo, abantuabafumana ulwazi kunye nomxholo, azealungise apho kufaneleke khona;

• hlala emxholweni kumbono nakwiingxoxozakhe, ngokuzithemba;

• cokisisa kakuhle uchongo-magama, isivakalisikunye nesakhiwo semihlathi, aze achwethelebucala iimpazamo ezicacileyo, amagamaangafuneki nganto asetyenziswe kwizivakalisi,ulwimi olungafunekiyo nolungekho sikwenikunye nejagon engafunekiyo;




• vavanya ukuba umxholo, isimbo, irejistakunye neziphumo ziyifanele na injongo,abantu abafumana ulwazi kunye nomxholo,aze alungise apho kufaneleke khona;

• hlala emxholweni kumbono nakwiingxoxozakhe ngokuzithemba nangobuchule;

• cokisisa kakuhle uchongo-magama, isivakalisikunye nesakhiwo semihlathi, aze achwethelebucala amagama antsingiselo-mbini, amagamaangafuneki nganto asetyenziswe kwizivakalisi,ulwimi olungafunekiyo nolungekho sikwenikunye nejagon engafunekiyo;







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• bonakalisa ubuntununtunu kumalungeloabantu, ezentlalo, ezenkcubeko,okusingqongileyo, kunye nakwimibayokuziphatha enjengesini, ubuhlanga,ubulwelwe, ubudala, ubunganga, indlala,indlela yokuhlala, imvelaphi yobuhlanga,ezenkolo, imiba yokusebenzisana nelizwengokubanzi, i-NG ne-GL, kunye nezinyeizifo, xa ephucula ulwimi;

• lungisa iitekisi, ngokufunda kwakhona,nangokuhlela akubhalileyo, esenzela uyilolokugqibela;

• nikezela ngesiphumo sokugqibela, ethathelaingqalelo isimbo sokunikezelaesifanelekileyo, njengetekisi ebhalwengendlela ecocekileyo, okanye ipowustaenomtsalane neqaqambileyo.






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• bonakalisa ubuntununtunu kumalungeloabantu, ezentlalo, ezenkcubeko,okusingqongileyo, kunye nakwimibayokuziphatha enjengesini, ubuhlanga,ubulwelwe, ubudala, ubunganga, indlala,indlela yokuhlala, imvelaphi yobuhlanga,ezenkolo, imiba yokusebenzisana nelizwengokubanzi, i-HIV neAIDS, kunye nezinyeizifo, xa ephucula ulwimi;



• bonakalisa ubuntununtunu kumalungeloabantu, ezentlalo, ezenkcubeko,okusingqongileyo, kunye nakwimibayokuziphatha enjengesini, ubuhlanga,ubulwelwe, ubudala, ubunganga, indlala,indlela yokuhlala, imvelaphi yobuhlanga,ezenkolo, imiba yokusebenzisana nelizwengokubanzi, i-HIV neAIDS, kunye nezinyeizifo, xa ephucula ulwimi;









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■ chonga, aze achaze iintsingiselo zamagama,awasebenzise ngokuchanekileyo kuluhlulweetekisi:• sebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe lweendlela zopelo,

imithetho kunye nemigaqo eyamkelekileyoyokusetyenziswa kwamagama amatsha,ayintsusa, aze aziqokelelele uluhlu oluzakumnceda kupelo;

• sebenzisa izifinyezi kunye namagamaaqhelekileyo, awakhiwe ngokusebenzisaoonobumba abasekuqaleni kwisiqu segama,ekwenza oku ngokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa isichazi-magama kunyenethesorasi, ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo,njengokuphanda iintsingiselo zamagama,kunye nokukhangela ukuba amagama athileabizwa njani na;

• sebenzisa ulwazi lweengcambu,izimaphambili nezimamva, ukubonisaintsingiselo yamagama amatsha;

• sebenzisa isini, isininzi kunye nesinciphisosezibizo ngokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa izithelekisi zezichazi nezihlomelongokuchanekileyo;

• nakana indlela iilwimi eziboleka ngayokwezinye;

• ahlula phakathi kwamagama antsingiselo-



IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi- 4

Igrama, nokusetyenziswa kolwimi

Umfundi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi zolwimi,kunye nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa kolwimingokufanelekileyo nangokufezekileyo.

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■ chonga, aze achaze iintsingiselo zamagama,awasebenzise ngokuchanekileyo kuluhluolubanzi lweetekisi:• sebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe lweendlela

ezibalulekileyo zopelo, imithetho kunyenemigaqo eyamkelekileyo yokusetyenziswakwamagama amatsha kunye/okanyeaxandileyo, aze aziqokelelele uluhlu oluzakumnceda kupelo;

• sebenzisa izifinyezi kunye namagamaaqhelekileyo, awakhiwe ngokusebenzisaoonobumba abasekuqaleni kwisiqu segama,ekwenza oku ngokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa isichazi-magama kunyenethesorasi, ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo,njengokuphanda iintsingiselo zamagama,kunye nokukhangela ukuba amagama athileabizwa njani na;



• sebenzisa izichazi nezihlomelongokuchanekileyo;

• nakana indlela iilwimi eziboleka ngayokwezinye;

■ chonga, aze achaze iintsingiselo zamagama, azeawasebenzise ngokuchanekileyo kuluhluolubanzi lweetekisi;• sebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe loluhlu lweendlela

zopelo, imithetho kunye nemigaqoeyamkelekileyo yokusetyenziswakwamagama amatsha kunye/ okanyeaxandileyo, aze aziqokelelele uluhlu oluzakumnceda kupelo;

• sebenzisa uluhlu lwezifinyezi kunyenamagama aqhelekileyo, awakhiwengokusebenzisa oonobumba abasekuqalenikwisiqu segama, ekwenza okungokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa isichazi-magama, kunyenethesorasi, ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo,njengokuphanda iintsingiselo zamagama,kunye nokukhangela ukuba amagama athileabizwa njani na;



• sebenzisa izichazi nezihlomelongokuchanekileyo;

• chaza indlela iilwimi eziboleka ngayokwezinye;







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ninzi, oomabizwahluke noomabizwafaneabaqhele ukubhidaniswa, aze abasebenzisengokuchaneka okuphucukayo;

• sebenzisa igama elinye endaweni yentethookanye isiqwengana, kunye noluhlulwezithethantonye nezichasi,ngokuchanekileyo.



IsiPhumo sokuFunda sesi- 4(Kusaqhutywa)



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• ahlula phakathi kwamagama antsingiselo-ninzi, oomabizwahluke noomabizwafaneabaqhele ukubhidaniswa, aze abasebenzisengokuchanekileyo;


• ahlula phakathi kwamagama antsingiselo-ninzi, oomabizwahluke noomabizwafaneabaqhele ukubhidaniswa, aze abasebenzisengokuchanekileyo;








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■ sebenzisa izivakalisi ezakheke ngobuchule,ngendlela enika intsingiselo evakalayo, nebonisaukusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihlangemihla:• chonga, aze asebenzise izigaba zentetho

ezinjengezibizo, izenzi, izimelabizo, kunyenezihlomelo ngokuchanekileyo nangendlelaenika intsingiselo, kwiitekisi ezikhethiweyo;

• sebenzisa izakhiwo zezenzi, izincedisineentsiza-senzi kwimixholo eqhelekileyo,ukucacisa ixesha kunye neentlobo zezenzi,ngokuchaneka okukhulayo;

• sebenzisa imo elandulayo ngokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa intloko, injongosenzi kunyenesivisa ngokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa izivakalisi ezigatya-nye,ngokufanelekileyo nangokuchanekileyo, azeakhe izivakalisi ezamkelekileyo, ezimbaxanezixandileyo, ngokusebenzisa amagatya,amabinzana kunye nezihlanganisi;

• nakana, aze asebenzise iindidi ezahlukeneyozezivakalisi, ezinjengenkcazelo, imibuzo,imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo ekhokelayongokuchaneka okukhulayo;

• sebenzisa izixando zezenzi,ngokufanelekileyo;

• sebenzisa intetho ngqo kunye nengxelo-ntetho ngokuchanekileyo;


Sikwazi oku xa umfundi ekwazi uku :




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ezinjengezibizo, izenzi, izimelabizo, kunyenezihlomelo ngokuchanekileyo nangendlelaenika intsingiselo, kuluhlu lweetekisi;

• sebenzisa izakhiwo zezenzi, izincedisineentsizasenzi ukucacisa ixesha kunyeneentlobo zezenzi, kwimixholoeqhelekileyo, ngokuchaneka okuphuhlayo;

• sebenzisa imo elandulayongokuchanekileyo;


• sebenzisa izivakalisi ezigatya-nye,ngokufanelekileyo nangokuchanekileyo, azeakhe izivakalisi ezamkelekileyo, ezimbaxanezixandileyo, ngokusebenzisa amagatya,amabinzana kunye nezihlanganisi;

• nakana, aze asebenzise iindidi ezahlukeneyozezivakalisi, ezinjengenkcazelo, imibuzo,imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo ekhokelayongokuchaneka okuphuhlayo;


• sebenzisa intetho ngqo kunye nengxelo-ntetho ngokuchanekileyo, esenzela isiphumoesifunekayo;


ezinjengezibizo, izenzi, izimelabizo, kunyenezihlomelo ngokuchanekileyo nangendlelaenika intsingiselo, kuluhlu lweetekisi;

• sebenzisa izakhiwo zezenzi, izincedisineentsizasenzi ukucacisa ixesha kunyeneentlobo zezenzi kwimixholo eqhelekileyo,ngokuchaneka okuphuhlayo;

• sebenzisa imo elandulayongokuchanekileyo;


• sebenzisa izivakalisi ezigatya-nye,ngokufanelekileyo nangokuchanekileyo, azeakhe izivakalisi ezicacileyo, neziphuhlileyo,ezimbaxa nezixandileyo, ngokusebenzisaamagatya, amabinzana kunye nezihlanganisi;

• nakana, aze asebenzise iindidi ezahlukeneyozezivakalisi, ezinjengenkcazelo, imibuzo,imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo ekhokelayongokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa izixando zezenzingokufanelekileyo, aze akwazi ukuxhasaimisebenzi yazo;








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• sebenzisa intetho ngqo kunye nengxelo-ntetho ngokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa ulandelelwano lwamagamaolusetyenziswe kwizivakalisi ngokuchanekaokukhulayo, aze aqonde indlela olulandelelwano lwamagamaolunokuyiphembelela ngayo intsingiselo;

• sebenzisa izivumelanisi ngokuchanekaokuphucukayo;

• sebenzisa, iimpawu zeziphumlisingokuchanekileyo ngokweenjongoezahlukeneyo, njengokucacisa intsingiselo,ukubonakalisa uzalwano lwegramaolukhoyo, kunye nokongeza ugxininiso;

• sebenzisa ulwimi oluzekelisayo, njengezacinamaqhalo, izafobe, ngokufanelekaokuphucukayo;

• guqula izivakalisi ezifutshane, ezisusakulwimi ekujoliswe kulo, ezisa kulwimilwasekhaya, kungenjalo azisusekolwasekhaya, azise kolo kujoliswe kulo.

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• sebenzisa intetho ngqo kunye nengxelo-netetho ngokuchanekileyo, esenzelaisiphumo esifunekayo;

• sebenzisa ulandelelwano lwamagamaolusetyenziswe kwizivakalisi ngokuchanekaokuphucukayo, aze aqonde indlela olulandelelwano lwamagamaolunokuyiphembelela ngayo intsingiselo;

• sebenzisa izivumelanisi ngokuchanekaokuphucukayo;

• sebenzisa, iimpawu zeziphumlisingokuchanekileyo, nangokoluhlulweenjongo, njengokucacisa intsingiselo,ukubonakalisa uzalwano lwegramaolukhoyo, kunye nokongeza ugxininiso;

• sebenzisa uluhlu lolwimi oluzekelisayo,njengezaci, ulwimi olunongiweyo,namaqhalo ngokufanelekileyo;

• guqula izivakalisi ezisusa kulwimiekujoliswe kulo, ezisa kulwimi lwasekhaya,kungenjalo azisuse kolwasekhaya, azise kolokujoliswe kulo.

• sebenzisa izixando zezenzingokufanelekileyo, aze akwazi ukuxhasaimisebenzi yazo;


• sebenzisa ulandelelwano lwamagamaolusetyenziswe kwizivakalisi ngokuchanekaokuphucukayo, aze aqonde indlela olulandelelwano lwamagamaolunokuyiphembelela ngayo intsingiselo;

• sebenzisa izivumelanisi ngokuchanekileyo;

• sebenzisa, iimpawu zeziphumlisingokuchanekileyo, nangokoluhlu olubanzilweenjongo, njengokucacisa intsingiselo,ukubonakalisa uzalwano lwegramaolukhoyo, kunye nokongeza ugxininiso;

• sebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi lolwimioluzekelisayo, njengezaci, ulwimiolunongiweyo, namaqhalongokufanelekileyo;

• guqula imihlathi emifutshane, eyisusakulwimi ekujoliswe kulo, eyisa kulwimilwasekhaya, kungenjalo ayisusekolwasekhaya, ayise kolo kujoliswe kulo.



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■ khulisa ulwazi olunzulu lokusebenzisa ulwimingokuqiqisisa:• chonga intsingiselo ecacileyo, kunye

nefihlakeleyo;• phonononga indlela imiyalezo efihlakeleyo

kunye nethiwe pahaha, okuxabisekileyo,nendlela umntu abona ngayo izinto, ethiibonise ngayo imeko yesithethi/yofumanaulwazi/yofundayo/yomphononongi;

• chonga, aze acele umngeni, kulwimiolucacileyo, olunomtsalane othambekeleecaleni, kunye nengcinga esolokoisetyenziswa njalo xa kuthethwa ngentoethile, ulwimi oluchukumisayo, olucengayongenjongo yokuba ubani avume, kunyenolulawula ngobuchule bokuqhatha.





Umfundi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi zolwimi,kunye nemigaqo yolwimi ngokufanelekileyonangokufezekileyo.

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■ khulisa ulwazi olunzulu lokusebenzisa ulwimingokuqiqisisa:• chaza intsingiselo ecacileyo, kunye

nefihlakeleyo;• chaza indlela imiyalelo efihlakeleyo kunye

nethiwe pahaha, okuxabisekileyo, nendlelaumntu abona ngayo izinto, ethi ibonisengayo imeko yesithethi/yofumanaulwazi/yofundayo/yomphononongi;

• chonga, aze acele umngeni kulwimiolucacileyo, olunomtsalane othambekeleecaleni, kunye nengcinga esolokoisetyenziswa njalo xa kuthethwa ngentoethile, ulwimi oluchukumisayo, olucengayongenjongo yokuba ubani avume, nolulawulangobuchule bokuqhatha, aze aphononongeezinye iindlela zokubeka intethongokucacileyo.

■ khulisa ulwazi olunzulu lokusebenzisa ulwimingokuqiqisisa:• chaza intsingiselo ecacileyo kunye

nefihlakeleyo;• chaza, indlela imiyalelo efihlakeleyo kunye

nethiwe pahaha, okuxabisekileyo, nendlelaumntu abona ngayo izinto, ethi ibonisengayo imeko yesithethi/yofumanaulwazi/yofundayo/yomphononongi;

• chonga, aze acele umngeni kulwimiolunomtsalane othambekele ecaleni, kunyenengcinga esoloko isetyenziswa njalo xakuthethwa ngento ethile, ulwimioluchukumisayo, olucengayo ngenjongoyokuba ubani avume, nolulawulangobuchule bokuqhatha, aze aveze ezinyeiindlela zokubeka intetho ngokucacileyo.







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UMONGO KUNYE NEEMEKO ZOKUFIKELELA KWIMIGANGATHO YOKUHLOLA

Kweli candelo umongo kunye neemeko zinikwe ngenjongo yokuncedisa ekufikeleleni kwimiGangathoyokuHlola. Umongo obonisiweyo kufuneka usetyenziswe ngohlobo apha oluya kuncedisana nabafundi xabeqhubela phambili kwindlela yokuphumeza iziPhumo zokuFunda. Umongo onikiweyo mawusetyenziselweukuncedisana nendlela yokufikelela kwiziphumo zokufunda, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba sisiphelosomakufundiswe. Iimeko ezinikwe njengengcebiso ziya kwenza ukuba umongo uzinziswe kwiimekoezineentsingiselo kubafundi, ngale ndlela ziya kuncedisa ekufundeni nasekufundiseni. Utitshala kufunekaathathe ingqalelo, aze asebenzise iimeko zeendawo eziqhelekileyo, ingezizo kuphela ezi ziboniswe apha,kodwa kongezwe nezo ezinokufaneleka kumava anawo umfundi. Xa umongo kunye nemeko ulungelelaniswenokufikelela kwimiGangatho yokuHlola, inika isakhelo sokuphuhlisa iiNkqubo zokuFunda. IziKhokelozeeNkqubo zokuFunda zinika inkcukacha ethe kratya malunga nalo mbandela.

Ukusetyenziswa kweetekisi xa kufundiswa ulwimi

Xa kusetyenziswa igama “itekisi ” kwiNkcazelo yeKharithyhulam yeSizwe yeeLwimi, eli gama linentsingiseloebanzi, ebandakanya zonke iintlobo zokusebenzisa ulwimi, ukuthetha, ukubhala, izixhobo ezibonwayo,eziviwayo, eziviwa – zibonwa kunye nezixhobo ezininzi zoqhagamshelwano. Kuko konke ukufundiswakolwimi, iitekisi zingasetyenziswa njengesiqalo, kanti ezinye iindidi zeetekisi ziya kwakhiwa njengemvelisoyenkqubo. ImiGangatho yokuHlola ekhethelwe elo banga iya kubonakalisa ukuqhubela phambilingokusebenzisa nokwakha iitekisi eziya zintsonkotha ngakumbi, ukusukela kwibanga le-10 ukuya kwibanga le-12. Iitekisi ezilula kunye nezintsonkothileyo, zisisiseko sokuqhubela phambili kuzo zonke iilwimi.

Iitekisi ke ngoko, ziyintsukaphi ‘yomongo’ kunye ‘nemeko’ yokunxibelelanisa nokunxulumanisa ukufundwanokufundiswa kweelwimi.

Uluhlu olupheleleyo lweetekisi ezisetyenziswayo nezakhiwayo kufuneka lumtyhilele umfundi:

■ kwizakhelo ezityebileyo nezifanelekileyo zentlalo, zenkcubeko nezembali ezithi ziphuhlise ulwazi malunganelifa lolwimi;

■ imixholo ecela umngeni nevuselelayo, ephuhlisa ulwazi olunzulu lwezinto ezixabisekileyo, kwakunyenokuxabisa imibandela ebalulekileyo yentlalo, nenkcubeko, kwakunye nemikhwa esesikweninefanelekileyo kubomi babafundi boMzantsi Afrika;

■ kuluhlu olubanzi lweendlela abantu ababona ngayo izinto;■ kwimizekelo yolwimi olubhaliweyo noluthethwayo noluneentlobo ngeentlobo zezakhiwo zolwimi,

ukunceda umfundi ukuba akhulise ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo;■ kucazululo lokubona ngaso linye, ukukekelela calanye kunye nentetho equkayo, ukwakha ukucinga

okunzulu;■ kulwimi olucengayo nolusetyenziswa ngendlela ebonakalisa ubuchule bobuqhetseba; ■ kukruthakruthwano ngamandla phakathi kweelwimi; ■ kuphuhliso lokuqonda ngabantu abafumana ulwazi, injongo nomxholo, ngokusebenzisa imo, imvakalozwi

kunye namagama asetyenziswa ngabantu abasendaweni ethile ngokufanelekileyo;

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■ kwiimpawu neziqalelo zoluhlu olubanzi lweetekisi, kuqukwa neetekisi zoncwadi;■ kwiziqalelo ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, neziviwa-zibonwa;■ kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zesimbo, nezixhobo zesimbo ezifana noluhlu olubanzi lolwimi, njengeendidi

ezahlukileyo zolwimi oluzekelisayo noluyilayo.

Inkqubo yokufunda ulwimi ngokusekwe kwiitekisi, kunye nale yokufunda ulwimi ngokulusebenzisa,zixhomekeke kukusetyenziswa rhoqo nokwakhiwa kweetekisi.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi ngokusekwe kwiitekisi, iphonononga indlela iitekisi ezisebenza ngayo. Injongoyokufundisa ngokusekwe kwiitekisi, kukwenza ukuba abafundi babe ngabafundi abanobuchule,abanokuzithemba, babe ngabafundi abahlalutya abakufundayo ngobuchule, ababhali, ababukeli, nabayilibeetekisi. Oku kubandakanya ukuphulaphula, ukufunda, ukubukela nokucazulula iitekisi ukuze umfundi aqondeindlela ezakhiwe ngayo, kwanokuba liyinina ifuthe lazo. Le ndlela yokufundisa egxininisa kwiitekisi,ibandakanya ukuvezwa kweetekisi ezahlukeneyo, kusenzelwa iinjongo, nabantu abathile abafumana ulwazi. Lendlela yakhiwa ngokuqondakala kwendlela iitekisi ezakheke ngayo.

Indlela yokufunda ulwimi ngokulusebenzisa ithetha ukuba xa efunda ulwimi, umfundi kufuneka abekwekumathuba okulusebenzisa ulwimi olo, anikwe namathuba okuziqhelisa okanye ukwakha ulwimingokunxibelelana ngeenjongo zemiba yasentlalweni okanye kumsebenzi owenziwayo. Ukufundwa kolwimikufuneka, kube yinkqubo yendalo ezenzekelayo engekho sikweni, ize ke le nkqubo iziswe kwigumbilokufundela, apho bufundelwa khona ubuchule bokwazi ukufunda okanye ukulolonga, ukubhala nokunikezelangento ebhaliweyo, apha ke ulwimi lufundwa ngendlela ‘yendalo’ – abafundi bakwazi ukufunda ngokuthiamaxesha amaninzi bafunde, kananjalo bafunda ukubhala ngokubhala amaxesha amaninzi.

Ukuqondwa kweendlela iitekisi ezakhiwe ngazo

Iitekisi zakhiwe phantsi kwemixholo ethile, kugcinwe engqondweni iinjongo kwanabantu abafumana ulwazi.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeetekisi zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, yaye zilandela imigaqo ethile yendlela izakhizolwimi ezisetyenziswa ngayo, malunga nesakhiwo, isimbo, igrama, isigama kunye nesiqulatho. Zonke ezizinto kuthiwa ziintlobo zeetekisi. Abafundi kufuneka bakwazi ukuziqonda kakuhle, kananjalo bakwaziukwakha uluhlu lweendidi ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo zeetekisi.

Iitekisi zikwabonakalisa imixholo emalunga nenkcubeko nezopolitiko eziyilwe phantsi kwazo. Ulwimiolusetyenziswa kwezi tekisi luqulathe imiyalezo emalunga nexabiso lezenkcubeko kunye nepolitiki emelwengabantu ababhale bayila ezo tekisi. Iitekisi azibonakalisi kukekelela kwicala elithile. Abafundi ke ngokokufuneka bakwazi ukuzitolika, baveze ezabo iimbono malunga nezinto ezixabisekileyo, neengcinga zabokwiitekisi.

Kule ndlela yokufunda ulwimi ngokusekwe kwiitekisi ulwimi olusetyenziswe kwiitekisi lusolokoluphononongwa, yaye iitekisi ziphononongwa ngokunxulumene nemixholo esetyenziswe phantsi kwazo. Lendlela yokufunda ibandakanya ingqalelo enikwa imixholo ngokwasesikweni lolwimi (njengegrama nesigama),kodwa ingqalelo ithathwa kujongwe iindlela ezinefuthe ngayo, oku kwenziwa zingabekelwanga bucala. Ukuzekuthethwe ngeetekisi abafundi kufuneka bafunde “ulwimi lokuthetha ngolunye ulwimi” – kufuneka bawazi

amagama achaza imiba ethile eyahlukeneyo yegrama, isigama, kunye nesimbo, kunye neendidi ezahlukeneyozeetekisi.

Iitekisi zingahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo abonisa iitekisi ezisetyenziswayo kunye neetekisi ezakhiwayo.Iinkcukacha ngezi tekisi zichazwe kolu luhlu lulandelayo. Olu luhlu alunakho nakanye ukubonisa zonke iindidizeetekisi – utitshala uvumelekile ukuba ongeze iitekisi ezingasetyenziswa xa kufundiswa ulwimi ngendlelaevangiweyo. Injongo yolu luhlu kukunika utitshala uluhlu olubanzi anokukhetha kulo malunga neetekisiezisetyenziswayo okanye ezo zakhiwayo. Inkcazelo ezeleyo yeemfuno ngokunxulumene nobunzima neetekisikunye nokusebenzisa amagama afanelekileyo kwimeko efanelekileyo, inikwe kwiziKhokelo zeNkquboyokuFunda.


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Iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano:AmanqakuAmanqaku omhleliAmanqaku omhleliakwiphephandaba neekholamAmanqaku omhleli akwimagaziniAmaphepha-zazisi (iipowusta)Amaphetshana adlangokusasazwa, anika ulwazingento ethile (iflaya)IifeksiIileta (zobuRhulumentenezobuhlobo)IiphamflethiIincwadana ezichaza ngentoethile (ibrowutsha) Ingxelo eqingqiweyonengaqingqwangaIitelegramImbali ngomntu oswelekileyoImemorandamImiyalezo ye-ImeyileImizuzu ne-AjendaIngxoxo (ebhaliweyo)Izaziso IzibhengezoIzimemoUhlaziyo lwencwadi (iirivyu)Ukuzaliswa kwefomuUngeniso kwidayari

Iitekisi zesingqiniso eziquletheulwazi:Iincwadi ezinika uluhlulweenombolo zeemfonomfonozabantuIncwadi eyingqokelelayamagama okanye izivakalisiIincwadi zesikhokeloIntyilazwiIsichazi-magamaIsicwangciso – maxesha(ithayimthebhile)Izikhokelo zethelevizhiniUludwe lwenkqubo ezakulandelwa

Iitekisi zoyilo:Amaqhina/oorayi-rayiIidayariIingoma kunye neengomazakwantuIingxoxoIintetho Iintsomi namavoIitekisi ezithathwe kuncwadiIitekisi zoyilo eziyilwengabafundiIziqhuloUkubaliswa kwebali neentsomiUkulinganisa umdlalo

Iitekisi ezibonwayo, eziviwayo,eziviwa-zibonwa, neetekisieziziintlobo ezininzizoqhagamshelwano:IdramaIglasi ekubekwa kuyo into ezakuxilongwa ngemayikhroskophu(isilayidi)IifotoIigrafu /isazobe/uluhluIikhathuniIimpawuIinkqubo zikanomathotholoIintetho ezishicilelweyoIitshathi neemaphuImiboniso yezilayidiImicu eyolisayoImifanekisoImikrwelo eseludongenieyenziwe ngumntuImiqondiso (iisimboli)Inkqubo yetelevizhini kunyenoxwebhu lobungqinaIsilayidi esingumfanekiso ovelangenxa yokukhanya okuvelangasemvaIziqubulo / Iziqhulo Ividiyo yomculoIzibhengezoIziqhulo (ezifakelwe imifanekiso)Ukufundwa kweenoveli okanyeamabali amafutshaneUkufundwa kwemidlaloUmfanekiso oshicilelwengomfanekiso okroliweyo

IITEKISI EZISETYENZISELWA UKUFUNDISA ULWIMI LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYONGENDLELA YOKUNXULUMANISA, AMABANGA E-10 – 12

Ezinye iindidi zoncwadi omalufundwe kwibanga le -10 ukuya kwele-12 zibandakanyaiitekisi zoqhagamshelwano, zesingqiniso, eziyilwayo, ezibonwayo, eziviwayo, eziviwa-zibonwa, kunyeneetekisi eziziintlobo ezininzi zoqhagamshelwano. Uluhlu olubanzi olukhethiweyo lweetekisimalusetyenziswe ngendlela enxulumanisayo xa kufundiswa, oku kuqhutywe ixesha elingangeminyakaemithathu.

Iitekisi zoncwadi:Amabalana amafutshaneAmabali ngobomi babantuAmabali ngobomi babantu abathile bewabhale ngokwabo Amavoi DramaImbali, iintsomi namaqhalo abantuImifanekiso bhanya bhanya iNoveliiziBongo/IsiHobe (kubandakanya nezibongo zomthonyama)


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IITEKISI EZIVEZWA NGABAFUNDI NGEXESHA LOKUFUNDISWA KOLWIMI LOKUQALAOLONGEZELELWEYO NGENDLELA YOKUNXULUMANISA, AMABANGA E – 10 – 12

(Iitekisi emakukhethwe kuzo, aze umfundi abhale ngazo kwiBanga le-10 ukuya kwele-12)

Iitekisi ekunganyanzelekanga ukuba zifundiswe, ezenzelwa nje ukongeza ulwazi nokuzikhulisakomfundi. Ukulinganisa umdlalo, ukubalisa ibali, iindaba ezivela kunomathotholo/ kumabonakude/ithelevizhini, ukulinganisa umdlalo kanomathotholo/ wethelevizhini, iingxoxo zephaneli, amabali/ izibongo/imidlalo ebhalwe ngabafundi buqu, iikhathuni, imicu yokuhlekisa, izihlekiso, iimpawu njalo-njalo.

Iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano:AmacwecweAmacwecwe ezimemoAmanqaku emagaziniAmanqaku ephepha-ndabaAmanqaku omhleliIbrowutshaIileta ezisesikweni zokwenzaisicelo, zesicelo, zokukhalaza,zovelwano, zezimemo,zombulelo, zokuvuyisananezoshishinoIileta eziya kumhleli,ezobuRhulumente nezobuhlobo Iileta zobuhlobo IingxoxoImbali ngomntu oswelekileyoImemorandamImiyalezo ye-ImeyiliImizuzu ne-AjendaIingxelo (ezisesikweninezingekho sikweni)IrivyuIsiviIzibhengezoIzikhupha-miyalezo (ifeksi)Umyalezo omfutshanewomnxeba wepokotho

Iitekisi zoyilo:Iimpendulo kuncwadiIzincoko ezibalisayo, ezichazayo,ezibonisa imvakalelo yombhali,ezibonisa iimbono zombhali,ezibeka iingcinga ngendlelaecacileyo, kunye nezixoxayo.

Iitekisi zesingqiniso eziquletheulwazi:AmanqakuIiprojekthi zophandoImephu oziyilela engqondweniyakho neflowutshathiImiyaleloInkcazelo-ntethoIzalathisiIzishwankatheloUluhlu lopelo lwamagamanesichazi-magama (azenzelewona)

Iitekisi zomlomo, ezibonwayokunye neetekisi eziziintloboezininzi zosasazo Amaphetshana adlangokusasazwa, anika ulwazingento ethile (iflaya)IingxoxoIintetho ezisesikweni nezingekhosikweniIipowustaIiprojekthi zophandoIzibhengezoUdliwano-ndlebeUnikezelo lokubhaliweyookucaciswe ngemizobo okanyengezandi


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ISAHLUKO SESI-4

UKUHLOLA

INTSHAYELELO

Ukuhlola luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu kwiNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe kwibanga 10 –12 (INdlelayokuFunda Jikelele). Ukuhlola yinkqubo yokuqokelela nokutolika ubungqina, ukwenzela ukubona inkqubela-phambili yomfundi xa efunda, kunye nokunika ingxelo ngobuchule bomfundi. Ubungqina bungaqokelelwangamaxesha ahlukeneyo, nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kusetyenziswa iindlela ngeendlela, izixhobo, iimonezixhobo zoqhagamshelwano.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zokuhlola ziyafikeleleka, kananjalo zinokusetyenziswa kwiinjongo ezahlukileyokwixa elizayo, iziphumo kufuneka zirekhodishwe. Kukho iindlela eziziintlobo ngeentlobo zokurekhodishaubuchule babafundi. Ezinye zezi ndlela ziphononongwe kuso esi sahluko. Ezinye ziqhutywa ngendlela ejolisekwisifundo esithile kwiziKhokelo zeNkqubo yokuFunda.

Abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi banomdla kwindlela abaqhuba ngayo abafundi kumaBanga e-10 – 12. Okukubandakanya abafundi buqu, abazali, abameli-bazali, abameli abanceda ngezemali, amaSebe eMfundokumaPhondo, iSebe leMfundo (kuzwelonke), uMphathiswa weMfundo, abaqeshi, kunye namaziko emfundonoqeqesho oluphezulu. Ukwenza lula ukufikelela kubuchule bendlela abafundi abasebenze ngayongokupheleleyo, nokuthelekelela izakhono zabafundi, kufanele kunikwe ingxelo ngeziphumo zokuhlola.Zininzi iindlela zokwenza ingxelo. IziKhokelo zeNkqubo yokuFunda, kunye neziKhokelo zokuHlola zichazaiindlela zokurekhodisha, nokunika ingxelo kumgangatho wesikolo, kwanokuhlola kwangaphandle, nangokunikaumhlahlandlela ngemiba yokuhlola kwisifundo esithile.

KUNGANI KUHLOLWA

Phambi kokuba utitshala ahlole abafundi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iinjongo zokuhlola mazicace gca zingabinabumbolo-mbini.Ukuqonda iinjongo zokuhlola kuqinisekisa ukuba umataniso luyenziwa phakathi kweenjongokwaneendlela zokuhlola. Oku kuza kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba izigqibo, neziphetho ezisekelwe kuhlolozifanelekile yaye zihambisana nenjongo okanye iinjongo ezithile.

Zininzi izizathu ezibangela ukuba inkqubo yabafundi ihlolwe. Ezi zizathu zibandakanya ukubeka ilisokwinkqubela-phambili nokunika ingxelo, ukuqonda ingxaki ekhoyo ekufundeni okanye ukulungisa imiqoboethintela imfundo, ukukhetha, ukukhokela, ukuxhasa ukufunda, ukukhupha iziqinisekiso nokunyusela.

Ngokwakule kharityhulam, ukufunda nokuhlola kudibene ngeenjongo. Ukuhlola kunceda ukuba abafundibenze umlinganiselo wokuxabisekileyo koko bakufundayo. Kunika abafundi ulwazi ngenkqubela-phambiliyabo, kananjalo kubenza bakwazi ukulawula, benze nezigqibo ngabakufundayo. Ngale ndlela ukuhlola kunika


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ulwazi lokokuba ingaba ukufundisa nokufunda kuyaphumelela na ukusondela kwiziPhumo zokuFundaezibekiweyo. Xa ukuhlola kubonisa ukunqongophala kwenkqubela-phambili, amacebo okufundisa nokufundakufuneka eguqulwe ngokufanelekileyo.

IINTLOBO ZOKUHLOLA

Eli candelo linika ingcaciso ngezi ndlela zokuhlola zilandelayo:

■ ukuhlola okusisiseko;■ ukuhlolwa kwezidingo;■ ukuhlola okwakhayo; kunye■ nokuhlola okushwankathelweyo;

Ukuhlola okusisiseko

Ukuhlola okusisiseko kubaluleke kakhulu xa kusenziwa ekuqaleni kwebanga elo, kodwa kungenziwanasekuqaleni kwawo nawuphi na umjikelo wokufunda. Ukuhlola okusisiseko kusetyenziselwa ukwazi ukubaabafundi sele besazi ntoni na, yaye bekwazi ukwenza ntoni na. Oku kunceda xa kusenziwa isicwangcisosemisebenzi eza kwenziwa ngabafundi, naxa kusakhiwa iNkqubo yokuFunda. Xa kusetyenziswa ukuhlolaokusisiseko, ukurekhodisha kudla ngokwenziwa ngendlela engamiselwanga.

Ukuhlolwa kwezidingo

Nakuphi na ukuhlola kungasetyenziselwa ukuqonda izidingo anazo umfundi – oko kukuthi, kusetyenziswengeenjongo zokufumana isizathu okanye izizathu zemiqobo ekhoyo ekufundeni. Ukuhlolwa kwezidingokunceda ekuthatheni isigqibo ngamacebo nobuchule bokuxhasa abafundi, okanye ukuchonga iimfuno zoncedokwabo bafundi bafuna uncedo ngenxa yezidingo abanazo. Kusebenza njengendawo yokunceda ukucacisakwakhona iinjongo zeNkqubo yokuFunda, okanye indawo yokukhangela ukuba kukuphina ukufundaokungenzekanga, khon’ukuze kusetyenziswe ubugcisa bokungenelela kuloo ngxaki anayo umfundi ekufundeni.

Ukuhlola okwakhayo

Naluphi na uhlobo lokuhlola olusetyenziselwa ukunika umfundi ingxelo ngenkqubo yakhe, lufezekisa injongoeyakhayo. Ukuhlola okwakhayo luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu ekufundiseni nasekufundeni. Olu hlobolokuhlola lulawula, lukwaxhasa kananjalo inkqubo yokufunda. Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba basebenzisa oluhlobo lokuhlola, besenzela ukufumana ulwazi malunga nenkqubela-phambili yabafundi. Ingxelo enikwangendlela eyakhayo yenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezenziwayo kukuhlola okwakhayo.

Ukuhlola okushwankathelayo

Xa ukuhlola kusetyenziselwa ukurekhodisha iimbono ngesakhono okanye inkqubo yomfundi , olu hlobolokuhlola lusebenza injongo yokuhlola ngendlela eshwankathelayo. Ukuhlola okushwankathelayo kunikaumfanekiso ogqibeleleyo wobuchule bomfundi, okanye inkqubela anayo, nangaliphina ixesha. Kungenziwaekupheleni komsebenzi othile, iyunithi, emva kwesuntswana lomsebenzi, ikota, isiqingatha sonyaka, okanyeekupheleni konyaka wokufunda. Ukuhlola okushwankathelayo kufuneka kucwangciswe, kusetyenzisweiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo neendlela zokuhlola ezahlukeneyo, ukwenzela ukuba abafundi bakwaziukubonisisa isakhono sabo.

KUFUNEKA KUBE YINTONI, KWAYE KWENZE NTONI UKUHLOLA?

Ukuhlola kufuneka:

■ kuqondwe ngumfundi kunye noluntu ngokubanzi;■ kube nomgqalisela ocacileyo;■ kunxulunyaniswe nokufunda nokufundisa; ■ kusekeke phezu kwemilinganiselo yemiGangatho yokuHlola enikwe kwangaphambili;■ kuvumele amathuba avulekileyo okuba abafundi bafunde ngempumelelo; ■ kuhambelane namandla abanawo abafundi xa befunda, kananjalo kube nobulungisa; ■ kubonakalise ukuzivumela iinguqu;■ kusebenzise iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo; kuze■ kusebenzise iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola.

KUHLOLWA NJANI

Ukuhlola okwenziwa ngutitshala, ehlola inkqubo yabafundi, kufuneka kube kwiqondo eliphezululokuthembeka. Oku kuthetha ukuba indlela athatha isigqibo ngayo utitshala malunga nobuchule babafundi,kufuneka ibandakanye amaxesha ahlukeneyo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo xa kuhlolwa, nabantu abamakishayo.Isigqibo esithathiweyo emva kokuhlola, kufuneka sibonise ukunyaniseka: oko kukuthi, isigqibo eso masenziwekujongwe imiba yokufunda ebihlolwa.

Ngenxa yokuba uhlolo ngalunye lusenokunganyaniseki okanye lusenokungathembeki ngokupheleleyongokunokwalo, kufuneka izigqibo ezenziwa ngenkqubela-phambili yomfundi zingasekwa phezu kwendlelayokuhlola enye kuphela. Lo ngumthetho-siseko wokuhlola okwenziwa rhoqo. Ukuhlola okwenziwa rhoqobubuchule bokwenza izigqibo ngokufunda kuluhlu lwemisebenzi yokuhlola eyahlukeneyo kunye neziganekoezenzeka kumaxesha ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo yokufunda. Kubandakanya imisebenzi ehlolwayo eqhubekaunyaka wonke, kusetyenziswa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zokuhlola neendlela zokuhlolaezinjengeemvavanyo, iimviwo, iiprojekthi nee-asayinmenti. Apha kubandakanywa ukuhlola komlomo,okubhalwayo, kunye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi owenziwa ngumfundi. Iingqokelela ezahlukeneyo zobungqinaobenziwa ngabafundi njengenye yenkqubo yomsebenzi owenziwa rhoqo, zingafakwa kwipotfoliyo. Izifundo


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ezahlukeneyo zineemfuno ezahlukeneyo malunga nomakuqokelelwe kwipotfoliyo. Oku kuchazwe banzikwiZikhokelo zeNkqubo yesiFundo.

Ukuhlola okwenziwa rhoqo kusekeke eklasini nasesikolweni ngokubanzi, kwaye kujongise kwindlelaeqhubekayo, apho ukuhlola kuthi kunxulunyaniswe nenkqubo yokufunda nokufundisa. Ootitshala baye babaziabafundi ngokubafundisa usuku nosuku, ngokubuza imibuzo, ngokubaqwalasela, nangokunxibelelana nabo,kananjalo nangokubajonga/qwalasela xa besebenzisana bebodwa.

Ukuhlola okwenziwa rhoqo kufuneka kusetyenziswe kule mizekelo yamacandelo ekharityhulam angala:icandelo lekharityhulam elihlolwa ngcono ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezibhalwayo kunye nee-asayinmenti,kunye nelo candelo lihlolwa ngcono ngokusebenzisa ezinye iindlela ezinjengokubonakalisa akwenzileyoumfundi esebenzisa ubungqina bokwenziweyo obuvezwe ngokubonakalisa ubugcisa kumsebenzi awenzileyookanye ngokubonakalisa ubungqina bento ayifundileyo ngokwenza inkcazo.

IINDLELA ZOKUHLOLA

Ukuzihlola

Zonke iziPhumo zokuFunda nemiGangatho yokuHlola ibekwe gca. Abafundi bayakwazi okulindelekileyokubo. Bangadlala ke ngoko, indima ebalulekileyo “ngokuhlola umsebenzi wabo” ngaphambi kokuba utitshalaenze ukuhlola kokugqibela. Kubalulekile xa kufundwa ukukhe umfundi ahlale phantsi, acingisise afunda ngako.

Ukuhlolwa ngumlingane

Ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngumlingane, esebenzisa uluhlu lokulindelekileyo okanye irubrikhi, yinxalenyeyokunceda ukuhlola umsebenzi wabafundi, kwanabo bafundi bahlolayo. Ukucaciselana ngemilinganiseloyokuhlola, kuxhobisa abafundi ukuze bakwazi ukuhluza eyabo imisebenzi naleyo yabanye.

Ukuhlolwa kweqela

Ukwazi ukusebenza kakuhle emaqeleni, sesinye sezixhobo seziPhumo ezinguNdoqo. Ukuhlola umsebenziweqela kubandakanya ukufuna ubungqina bokuba iqela labafundi lisebenza ngokubambisana, liyancedisana,lahlulelana ngomsebenzi, lidibanise igalelo lomfundi ngamnye ukuvelisa isiphumo esihlanganisileyonesihlolekayo. Ukuhlolwa kweqela kujolisa kwinkqubo kwakunye nemveliso. Kubandakanya ukuhlolaubuchule bokuhlalisana kakuhle, ukulawula kwexesha nezixhobo, amandla omanyano lweqela, kwakunyeneziphumo ezivezwe liqela.


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IINDLELA ZOKUQOKELELA UBUNGQINA XA KUHLOLWA

Zininzi iindlela zokuqokelela ubungqina bokuhlola. Ezinye iindlela zichazwe ngaphantsi apha.

Ukuhlola okusekeke kwindlela yokuqwalasela

Ukuhlola okusekeke kwindlela yokusebenzisa uqwalaselo akunasakhiwo sitheni, kwaye kuvumelaukurekhodisha iindidi ezahlukeneyo zobungqina obuvela kubafundi abahlukeneyo, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.Olu hlobo lokuhlola lusoloko lusekwe phezu kwemisebenzi efuna ukuba abafundi basebenzisane ngenjongoyokufumana isisombululo esifanayo okanye imveliso. Uqwalaselo kufuneka lube nenjongo, yaye kufunekalwenziwe ngoncedo lwesixhobo soqwalaselo esifanelekileyo.

Ukuhlola okusekwe kuvavanyo

Ukuhlola okusekwe kuvavanyo kona kunocwangciso olunceda ootitshala bakwazi ukuqokelela ubungqinababafundi obufanayo, ngendlela enye, nangexesha elinye. Olu hlobo lokuhlola ludala ubungqina bokufundaobuqinisekiswa ngamanqaku athile. Iimvavanyo neemviwo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yekharityhulam xazisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo, kuba zinika ubungqina obulungileyo, besifundo eso sele sifundiwe.

Ukuhlola okusekwe kumsebenzi onikiweyo

Iindlela zokuhlola ezisekeke kumsebenzi owenziwayo okanye zokuhlola ubuchule, zijonge ukubonisa into yokokubaingaba abafundi bayakwazi na ukubusebenzisa ubuchule, kwanolwazi abalufumene kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga,kungenjalo kwiimeko ezingaphandle kwamagumbi okufundela. Ukuhlola ubuchule kukwabandakanya nemibayezifundo apho umfundi abonisa ubuchule ngokumisela indlela abasebenzisa ngayo ithiyori koko bakwenzayo.Imilinganiselo, imigangatho, okanye imigaqo eza kusetyenziselwa ukuhlola umsebenzi ichazwe ngeerubrikhi, okanyengoluhlu lokuzikhumbuza ngokulindelekileyo, yaye inceda utitshala ukuba athathe isigqibo ngobuchule, xa ehlolaokwenziwe ngabafundi.

UKUREKHODISHA NOKWENZA INGXELO

Ukurekhodisha nokwenza ingxelo kubandakanya ukuqokelela iinkcukacha (i-data) ngeli xesha kuhlolwayoukwenzela ukuba zihluzwe ngendlela elandelelanisayo neqiqisiweyo, kananjalo zipapashwe ngokuchanekileyonangokuqondakalayo.


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Iindlela zokurekhodisha

Kukho iindlela ezahluka-hlukeneyo zokurekhodisha. Kudla ngokuba nzima ukwahlukanisa iindlelazokurekhodisha inkqubo yabafundi, kwezo zokuvavanya ubuchule bokwenza, obubonakaliswa ngabafundi.

Le ilandelayo yimizekelo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokurekhodisha:

■ amaqondo omlinganiselo;■ uluhlu lwemisebenzi elindelekileyo okanye lokuzikhumbuza ngokulindelekileyo; kunye■ neerubrikhi.

Umzekelo ngamnye uchazwe apha ngezantsi:

Amaqondo omlinganiselo

Amaqondo omlinganiselo yiyo nayiphi na indlela yokukorekisha, apho isimboli (enjengo-A okanye u-B),okanye inqaku (njenge-5/10 okanye 50%), icaciswe banzi, ngendlela yokunxulumanisa inqakuelirekhodishiweyo nenkcazelo yobuchule obulindelekileyo ukufumana elo nqaku. Kwinkqubo yokufundisanokufunda, inkcazelo ibaluleke ngaphezu kwekhowudi erekhodishiweyo, nanjengoko inika abafundi ingcacisoevakalayo ngokuphumelela komfundi, nokuba uwe nganeno njani na umfundi kuloo mgangatho bekujoliswekuwo. Indlela yakudala yokukorekisha ibixabise ukusebenzisa amaqondo omlinganiselo inganiki nkcukachazichazayo, ngaloo ndlela kube nzima ukuqonda ukuba aphi na amandla kunye nobuthathaka bomfundi,malunga neziphumo ezilindelekileyo. KwiNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe amaBanga e-10 – 12 (INdlelayokuFunda Jikelele) kusetyenziswe iqondo lomlinganiselo elinesikali esinemigangatho emithandathu.

Uluhlu lwemisebenzi elindelekileyo okanye uluhlu lokuzikhumbuza ngokulindelekileyo

Uluhlu lwemisebenzi elindelekileyo okanye uluhlu lokuzikhumbuza ngokulindelekileyo luqulathe iinkcazoezizodwa ezichaza inkqubo yomfundi elindelekileyo kumsebenzi othile. Xa inkcazo yomlinganiselo othile(inqobo yokuthatha isigqibo) ekuluhlu lwemilinganiselo yokuzikhumbuza ngokulindelekileyo inokubonakalisaukuba yanelisiwe ngumfundi ngexesha kuqhutywa ubuchule bomsebenzi, kubekwa uphawu olubonakalisaukuba yanelisiwe. Zonke iinkcazelo eziphawuliweyo kuluhlu, ezibonisa okuphunyezwe ngumfundi(ngokwemilinganiselo ephunyeziweyo) zichaza indlela asebenze ngayo umfundi. Olu luhlu ngokulindelekileyoluluncedo olukhulu kwimisebenzi yokuhlola eyenziwa ngoontanga okanye ngamaqela.

Iirubrikhi

Iirubrikhi ziyintlanganisela yekhowudi yemilinganiselo kunye nengcaciso yemigangatho. Ziqulethe uluhluolukhulayo lwemigangatho, olubonisa owona mlinganiselo uphantsi womgangatho wenkqubo eyamkelekileyokwibakala lekhowudi nganye. Iirubrikhi zifuna ukuba ootitshala bazi ukuba yintoni na kanye elindelekileyo


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kwisiphumo eso. Iirubrikhi zingagxininisa kwinto ngokuzeleyo/ngokupheleleyo, zinike umfanekiso opheleleyongomgangatho ofunekayo, okanye zicazulule, zinike umfanekiso ocacileyo weempawu ezibonakalayo ezithizakhe iinkqubo zokuthatha isigqibo, okanye zizidibanise zombini. IziKhokelo zeeNkqubo zokuFunda zinikaimizekelo yeerubrikhi ezibhekiselele ngqo kwisifundo esithile.

Xa utitshala eyila irubrikhi kufuneka enze izigqibo ngoku kulandelayo:

■ Ziziphi na iziphumo ekujoliswe kuzo?■ Yiyiphi na ImiGangatho yokuHlola ojolise kuyo umsebenzi onikiweyo?■ Luluphi na uhlobo lobungqina omaluqokelelwe?■ Ziziphi na iindawana ezahlukileyo ekuza kuhlolwa zona?■ Ziziphi na iindidi ngeendidi zezixhobo zokuhlola ezinokusetyenziswa ukuhlola iindawana zomsebenzi

okanye inkqubo okanye isiphumo?■ Luluphi na ulwazi ekufuneka lunike ubungqina bento asele eyazi umfundi?■ Bubuphi na ubuchule ekufuneka bubonakaliswe okanye izinto emazenziwe?■ Ngawaphi na amathuba apho angathi umfundi aveze iimbono zakhe, okuxabisekileyo, nesimo-ngqondo

iziziphi izinto emazihlolwe, yaye mazihlolwe njani?■ Ingaba irubrikhi enye inakho na ukujolisa kuzo zonke iziPhumo zokuFunda kunye nemiGangatho

yokuHlola yemisebenzi, okanye umsebenzi olindelekileyo ufuna iirubrikhi eziliqela?■ Zingaphi zona iirubrikhi ezifunekayo ngokubhekiselele kumsebenzi olindelekileyo?

Kubalulekile ukuba utitshala ayixoxe nabafundi irubrikhi eza kusetyenziswa, phambi kokuba abafundi benzeumsebenzi ofunwayo. Irubrikhi inika ingcaciso ngento ekufanele okufundwayo kunye nobuchule buqwalaselekuyo. Irubrikhi sisixhobo sokuzihlola esinamandla.

Ukwenza ingxelo ngomsebenzi nangempumelelo yomfundi

Ukunika ingxelo ngokusebenza nempumelelo, kwazisa bonke abantu abanenxaxheba nabanomdla kwinkqubelayomfundi. Ootitshala kufuneka barekhodishe impumelelo yabafundi, nje ukuba ubungqina buqokelelwe bazabatolikwa. Ukuhlola okushwankathelayo okwaneleyo kufuneka kwenziwe, khon’ukuze ingxelo enikwayongomfundi inike inkcazelo ngomgangatho ophunyelelwe ngumfundi.

INkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12, Indlela yokuFunda Jikelele,isebenzisa iqondo lomlinganiselo elibonisa impumelelo yomfundi, elinamanqwanqwa ama-6. Eli qondoliboniswe kuludwe olunonjolwe ngolu hlobo, 4.1.


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Uludwe 4.1 Iqondo lempumelelo kwiNkcazelo yeKharityhulam yeSizwe yamaBanga e-10 – 12(UmJelo wemFundo Jikelele)

Ikhowudi yomlinganiselo IiNkcazelo zoBuchule Amanqaku (nge %)

6 Impumelelo egqwesayo 80-100

5 Impumelelo esemagqabini 60-79

4 Impumelelo eyanelisayo 50-59

3 Impumelelo eyaneleyo 40-49

2 Impumelelo eyinxalenye 30-39

1 Impumelelo enganelanga 0- 29

IINKCAZELO ZOBUCHULE BESIFUNDO

Ukunceda ekunikeni amaqondo omlinganiselo wempumelelo yomfundi malunga neziPhumo zokuFundaukusuka kwiBanga le- 10 ukuya kwele-12, kunikwe inkcazelo yobuchule besifundo, ukuze kucaciswengokulindelekileyo kubafundi, kwibanga ngalinye, ngento amabayazi namababonakalise impumelelo kuyo.Kunikwe inkcazelo yemigangatho emithandathu ebonakalisa ubuchule kwisifundo ngasinye, nakwibangangalinye. Ezi nkcazelo ziya kunceda ootitshala xa behlola abafundi naxa bebabeka ngokwemilinganiseloechanekileyo. Iinkcazelo zishwankathela okuchazwe ngendlela enika inkcukacha kwiziPhumo zokuFundakunye nemiGangatho yokuHlola, yaye zichaza iimpawu ezinika ingcaciso ebeka indlela yokuphumelelakomfundi kumlinganiselo ngamnye. Imigangatho eyahlukahlukeneyo yempumelelo kunye namabakala epesentiahambelana nayo, anjengokuba ebonakaliswe kuludwe olunonjolwe-4.1.

Ngokunxamnye nemithetho –siseko kunye nenkqubo yokusebenzisa ukuhlola okusekeke kwiziphumo, konkeukuhlola okusezikolweni nokwangaphandle kufanele okokuqala, kulandele imilinganiselo emisiweyo.Amanqaku angasetyenziswa ekuphononongeni imisebenzi yokuhlola echongiweyo, kodwa imisebenzi kufunekaihlolwe ngokubhekiselele kwiirubrikhi endaweni yokusebenzisa nje uphawu lokukorekisha, kunikwa njeamanqaku, kujongwe inani lezo mpawu. Iinkcazelo ezibonisa izakhono kwisifundo zinika ingcaciso malunganenqanaba eliphantsi lobuchule, ulwazi, izimo-ngqondo, kunye nokuxabisekileyo ekufuneka umfundiekubonakalisile kwimpumelelo yomgangatho weqondo lomlinganiselo.

Xa ootitshala/abahloli belungiselela umsebenzi okanye umbuzo wokuhlola, kufuneka baqinisekise ukubaumsebenzi/umbuzo ujolisa kumba othile wesiphumo esihlolwayo. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe ImiGangathoyokuHlola efanelekileyo xa kuyilwa irubrikhi yokuhlola umsebenzi onikiweyo okanye umbuzo. Iinkcazelozibonakalisa ngokucacileyo elona qondo liphantsi ekufuneka liphunyelelwe kwinqanaba ngalinye leqondolomlinganiselo.

Iinkcazelo zobuchule zesi sifundo zifumaneka ekupheleni kwesi sahluko.


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UKUNYUSELA

KwiBanga le-10 nele-11, ukunyuselwa kuya kusekelwa kuphela kukuhlola okwenziwa ngaphakathi ezikolweni,kodwa kufuneka kusekelwe phezu kweemeko ezifanayo nezo zesiQinisekiso seMfundo noQeqeshooluQhubekela-Phambili. Iimfuno, iimeko kunye nemithetho yokukhethwa kwezifundo kwanokubonelelwakomfundi, icaciswe kakuhle kolu xwebhu olusihloko sithi: Qualifications and Assessment Policy Frameworkfor Grades 10–12 (General).

INDLELA AMACWECWE ENGXELO AMAKAKHANGELEKE NGAYO

Zininzi iindlela zokwenza icwecwe lengxelo, kodwa eyona nto siyifundileyo kukuba okona kulungileyokukulenza icwecwe lengxelo ngendlela elula necacileyo, libandakanye zonke iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo.Amacwecwe engxelo kufuneka abandakanye iinkcukacha ngenkqubo yomfundi ngokupheleleyo, ezibonisa okukulandelayo:

■ impumelelo yokufunda ngokungqamene neziphumo;■ apho umfundi asebenze kakuhle khona;■ uncedo olulindelekileyo okanye alunikwayo apho kufaneleke khona; ■ ingxelo eyakhayo enika amagqabantshintshi ngobuchule bomfundi ngokunxulumene nenkqubo

yangaphambili neemfuno zesifundo; kunye■ nenkqubo ebonisa ukuhambela phambili komfundi xa efunda ngendlela yokufunda.

Ukongeza koku, amacwecwe engxelo kufuneka abandakanye ezi zinto zilandelayo:

■ igama lesikolo;■ igama lomfundi;■ ibanga lomfundi; ■ unyaka kunye nekota;■ indawo yokusayina yomzali okanye umntu ojongene nemfundo yomfundi; ■ isignitsha katitshala kunye nenqununu yesikolo; ■ umhla; ■ imihla yokuvala nokuvula isikolo;■ isitampu sesikolo; kunye ■ nengxelo yeentsuku zokubakho komfundi esikolweni.

UKUHLOLWA KWABAFUNDI ABAJONGENE NEMIQOBO EKUFUNDENI

Ukuhlolwa kwabafundi abajongene nayo nayiphi na imiqobo ekufundeni, kuya kuqhutywa ngokwemiqathangoehambisana nezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo ekucetyiswa ngazo, njengoko zinikwe kuxwebhu olusihloko sithi:the Qualifications and Assessment Policy Framework for Grades 10–12 (General), njengoko ihambelananabafundi abajongene nemiqobo ekufundeni. Khangela kwi-White Paper 6 on Special Needs Educationbuilding an Inclusive Education and Training System.


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6 80-100%Impumelelo egqwesayo

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-10, umfundi ophumelelengokugqwesayo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi zomlomongokuzithemba, ngendlela ebonakalisa izimvoezihambelanayo nezinamatheleneyo; bonakalisaukuluqonda nokulusebenzisa ulwimingobuntununtunu, nembeko; phulaphulangengqiqo, esenzela ukuchonga, ukufumanaintsingiselo, ukucazulula, kunye nokuchazaulwazi ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo; sebenzisaulwimi ngokuqhabalaka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyozoqhagamshelwano, aze abonakalise iimpawuezikholisayo, ezibonisa uvakalelo.

■ chonga, fumana intsingiselo, acazulule, azeachaze iitekisi ngokufezekileyonangokuzithemba, xa efunda naxa elolonga;bonakalisa, ukuqonda, aze abangengokucacileyo, azithethelele ngeembono zakhe;funda ngokuvakalayo, ebonakalisa ukuqhabalakakunye novakalelo; bonakalisa ubuntununtunumalunga nezimvo kunye nemiba yenkcubeko.

IINKCAZELO ZOBUCHULE BOLWIMI LOKUQALA OLONGEZELELWEYO

IBanga le-10

IKhowudi IiNkcazelo zoBuchuleIQondolomlinganiselo


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■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi zomlomongokuzithemba, esebenzisa izimvoezihambelanayo nezinamatheleneyo, ehleliemxholweni; bonakalisa ukuluqondanokulusebenzisa ulwimi olubonakalisangokucacileyo ubuntununtunu nembeko;phulaphula ngengqiqo, esenzela ukufumanaintsingiselo, ukucazulula, ukuvavanya ulwazingokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo; sebenzisa ulwimingokuqhabalaka, kwiintlobo ngeentlobozeemeko zoqhagamshelwano, aze abonakaliseiimpawu ezicacileyo ezibonisa uvakalelo.

■ fumana intsingiselo, ecazulula, avavanye, azeachaze iitekisi ngokuphuhlileyonangokuzithemba, xa efunda naxa elolonga;bonakalisa ukuqonda kakuhle kakhulu,kwanokuzibanga ngokucacileyo, kunyenokuzithethelela iimbono zakhe; fundangokuvakalayo, ebonakalisa ukuqhabalaka,novakalelo olugqwesileyo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu kuluhlu lwezimvo kunye nemibayenkcubeko.


■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi ngokuzithemba,esebenzisa izimvo ezihambelanayonezinamatheleneyo, ehleli emxholweni;bonakalisa ukuqonda okukwinqanaba eliphezulunokulusebenzisa ulwimi olubonakalisaubuntununtunu nembeko; phulaphula ngengqiqo,esenzela ukuchonga, ukufumana intsingiselo,ukucazulula, nokuhluza ulwazingokuchanekileyo, ngokweenjongoezahlukeneyo; sebenzisa ulwimingokuqhabalaka, kwiintlobo ngeentlobozeemeko zoqhagamshelwano, aze abonakaliseuvakalelo.

■ fumana intsingiselo, acazulule, ahluze, aze,achaze iitekisi ngokufezekileyonangokuzithemba okukhulu, xa efunda naxaelolonga; bonakalisa ukuqonda kakuhle kakhulu,kwanokuzibanga ngokucacileyo, kunyenokuzithethelela iimbono zakhe; fundangokuvakalayo, ebonakalisa ukuqhabalakanovakalelo oluncamisileyo; bonakalisaukulunonophela uluhlu olubanzi lwezimvokunye nemiba yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.


IiNkcazelo zoBuchule IiNkcazelo zoBuchule


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6 80-100%Impumelelo egqwesayo

(Kusaqhutywa)

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi zomlomoezibonakalisa ubukhulu becala, izimvoezizezakhe, ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo; enza ukuba iitekisi zifaneleabantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo, imixholokunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo; lungelelanisaiingcamango kunye neemboniswano ngendlelaebonakalisa ukuhlala emxholweni,ukuqinisekisa, nangendlela ebonisa ubuchulebokuyila, esebenzisa isimbo sakhe sokubhalaesiphucukayo; funda kwakhona, aze awuhleleumsebenzi ngendlela ebonisa ukwazi ukuzimela,esenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuphucuka komsebenziwakhe.

■ qonda, aze azisebenzise izakhi, kunye nemigaqoyokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokuzithemba,nangendlela ebonisa ukuphucukaokuchanekileyo; chonga, afumane intsingiselo,aze achaze iiyantlukwano ezifihlakeleyokwiintsingiselo nemisebenzi yamagama, kunyenezakhiwo zawo; chonga, achaze, azeasebenzise iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhizezivakalisi, ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimikwintetho yemihla ngemihla, kunye nokuvezaisimbo sakhe sokubhala; bonakalisa ulwazilokusebenzisa igrama kwakunye nesigamangokugqibeleleyo.

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■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi azibhalileyoezinezimvo ezizezakhe, ezihambelanayo,ezinamatheleneyo, nezichanekileyo; enza ukubaiitekisi zifanele abantu abafumana ulwazi,iinjongo, imixholo kunye neefomathiezahlukileyo ngokuphuhlileyo; lungelelanisaiingcamango kunye neemboniswano, ngendlelaebonakalisa ukuhlala emxholweni,ukuqinisekisa, nangendlela ebonakalisa ubuchulebokuyila, abonakalise isimbo sakhe sokubhalaesiphucukayo; funda kwakhona, aze ahleleakubhalileyo, ngokuzimela, ukuqinisekisaukuphucuka okubonakalayo komsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze azisebenzise izakhi kunye nemigaqoyokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokuzithemba,nangokuchanekileyo; chonga, afumaneintsingiselo, aze achaze iiyantlukwanoezifihlakeleyo kwiintsingiselo nemisebenziyamagama, kunye nezakhiwo zawo; chonga,achaze, ahluze, aze asebenzise iintloboezahlukeneyo zezakhi zezivakalisi, ngeenjongozokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihlangemihla, kunye nokuveza isimbo sakhesokubhala; bonakalisa ulwazi olubalaseleyolwendlela yokusetyenziswa kwegramakwakunye nesigama ngokugqibeleleyo.

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi azibhalileyoezinezimvo ezizezakhe, ezihambelanayo,ezinamatheleneyo, nezichanekileyo; enza ukubaiitekisi zifanele abantu abafumana ulwazi,iinjongo, imixholo kunye neefomathiezahlukileyo ngokuphulileyo; lungelelanisaiingcamango kunye neemboniswano, ngendlelaebonakalisa ukuhlala emxholweni,ukuqinisekisa, nangendlela ebonakalisa ubuchulebokuyila, abonakalise isimbo sakhe sokubhalaesicacileyo; funda kwakhona, aze ahleleakubhalileyo, ngokuzimela, ukuqinisekisaukuphucuka komsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze azisebenzise izakhi kunye nemigaqoyokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngokuzithemba,nangokuchanekileyo; chonga, afumaneintsingiselo, aze achaze, iiyantlukwanoezisetyenziswe ngobuchule kwiintsingiselonemisebenzi yamagama, kunye nezakhiwozawo; chonga, achaze, ahluze, aze asebenziseiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhi zezivakalisi,ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintethoyemihla ngemihla, kunye nokuveza isimbosakhe sokubhala; bonakalisa ulwaziolubalaseleyo lwendlela yokusetyenziswakwegrama kwakunye nesigamangokugqibeleleyo.




80

5 60-79 %Impumelelo esemagqabini

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-10, umfundi ophumeleleemagqabini anga:

■ thetha, anikezele ngeetekisi zomlomo ubukhulubecala ezinezimvo ezihambelanayo,nezinamatheleneyo, nangokuzithemba;bonakalisa ukuqonda nokwazi ukusebenzisaulwimi olunobuntununtunu nembeko;phulaphula ngengqiqo esenzela ukuchonganokufumana intsingiselo yolwazingokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kodwaabonakalise ukuthandabuza xa ecazulula naxaechaza; sebenzisa, ubukhulu becala, ulwimingokuqhabalaka nangendlela ediza uvakalelokwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano.

■ fumana intsingiselo, aze achonge iitekisi,ubukhulu becala ngokuzithemba, xa efunda naxaelolonga, kodwa abonakalise ukungaqiniseki xaecazulula naxa echaza; bonakalisa ukuqondaokuhle, abange, azixhase iimbono zakhe; fundangokuvakalayo, ebonakalisa ukuqhabalakakunye novakalelo; bonakalisa ubuntununtunukwizimvo nemiba yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

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■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi zomlomoezinezimvo ezihambelanayo, nezinamatheleneyonangokuzithemba ubukhulu becala; bonakalisaukuqonda okuphucukayo, nokwazi ukusebenzisaulwimi olunobuntununtunu nembeko;phulaphula ngengqiqo esenzela ukuchonga,nokufumana intsingiselo, ngokweenjongoezahlukeneyo, kodwa abonakaliseukuthandabuza xa ecazulula naxa ehluza;sebenzisa, ubukhulu becala, ulwimingokuqhabalaka, nangendlela ediza uvakalelokwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano.

■ fumana intsingiselo, aze acazulule iitekisi,ubukhulu becala ngokuzithemba, xa efunda naxaelolonga, kodwa abonakalise ukungaqiniseki xaecazulula, naxa echaza; bonakalisa ukuqondaokunzulu, aze abange, azixhase kakuhle iimbonozakhe; funda ngokuvakalayo, ebonisaukuqhabalaka novakalelo olusemagqabini;bonakalisa ubuntununtunu kwizimvo nemibayenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.


■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi zomlomoezinezimvo, ezihambelanayo,nezinamatheleneyo nangokuzithemba ubukhulubecala; bonakalisa ukuqonda okuphucukayo,nokwazi ukusebenzisa ulwimiolunobuntununtunu nembeko; phulaphulangengqiqo, esenzela ukuchonga, ukufumanaintsingiselo, nokucazulula ulwazi,ngokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kodwaabonakalise ukuthandabuza xa ehluza; sebenzisaulwimi ngokuqhabalaka, aze amaxesha amaninzialusebenzise ngendlela ediza uvakalelokwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zoqhagamshelwano.

■ fumana intsingiselo, aze acazulule iitekisiubukhulu becala ngokuzithemba, xa efunda naxaelolonga, kodwa abonakalise ukungaqiniseki xaehluza, naxa echaza; bonakalisa ukuqondakakuhle, aze abange, azixhase kakuhle iimbonozakhe; funda ngokuvakalayo ebonisaukuqhabalaka novakalelo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu kwizimvo nemiba yenkcubekoeyahlukeneyo.




82

5 60-79 %Impumelelo esemagqabini

(Kusaqhutywa)

■ bhala, aze anikezele, ubukhulu becala, ngeetekisiezibonakalisa izimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo, kodwaekwenza oku ngokuchaneka okunciphayo; enzaukuba iitekisi zifanele abantu abafumana ulwazi,iinjongo, imixholo kunye neefomathiezahlukeneyo; lungelelanisa iingcinga kunyeneemboniswano zakhe, ubukhulu becala,ngendlela enika iinkcukacha, eyenza ukubaahlale emxholweni, nangendlela eqinisekisayo,ngamaxesha athile abonise ubuchule bokuyila,abonakalise ubungqina besimbo sakheesiphucukayo; phinda afunde kwakhona, azeahlele akubhalileyo ngokuzimela ubukhulubecala, ukuqinisekisa ukuphucuka komsebenziwakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise ubukhulu becala izakhikunye nemigaqo yolwimi, ngokuchanekaokuphucukayo; chonga, afumane intsingiselo,aze achaze ubukhulu becala, ubuchulebeeyantlukwano ezifihlakeleyo phakathikweentsingiselo nemisebenzi yamagama, kunyenezakhiwo zawo; chonga, achaze, azeasebenzise ubukhulu becala, iindidiezahlukeneyo zezakhi zezivakalisi, ngeenjongozokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihlangemihla, ngamaxesha athile esenzelaukuphuhlisa isimbo sokubhala, kodwa enzeiziphene; bonakalisa ulwazi lokusetyenziswakakuhle kolwimi kunye nesigama.

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■ bhala, aze anikezele, ubukhulu becala, ngeetekisiezibonakalisa izimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo; enza ukuba iitekisi zifaneleabantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo, imixholokunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo; lungelelanisaubukhulu becala iingcamango kunyeneemboniswano, ngendlela ebonisa ukuhlalaemxholweni, ukuqinisekisa, nokubonakalisaubuchule bokuyila, ngamanye amaxesha aboniseubungqina obubonakalisa isimbo sakheesiphucukayo; phinda afunde kwakhona, azeahlele akubhalileyo ubukhulu becalangokuzimela, ukuqinisekisa ukuphucukakomsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise ubukhulu becala, izakhinemigaqo yolwimi ngokuchanekaokuphucukayo; chonga, afumane intsingiselo,aze achaze, ubukhulu becala, iiyantlukwanoezifihlakeleyo kwiintsingiselo, imisebenziyamagama, kunye nezakhiwo zawo; chonga,achaze, ahluze ubukhulu becala, aze asebenziseiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezakhi zezivakalisingeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintethoyemihla ngemihla, kunye nokuveza isimbosokubhala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, enzeiziphene; bonakalisa ulwazi lokusetyenziswakolwimi kunye nesigama kakuhle kakhulu.

■ bhala, aze anikezele, ubukhulu becala, ngeetekisiezibonakalisa izimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo; enza ukuba iitekisi zifaneleabantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo, imixholokunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo; lungelelanisaubukhulu becala iingcamango kunyeneemboniswano, ngendlela enika iinkcukacha,ebonisa ukuhlala emxholweni, ukuqinisekisa,aze ngamanye amaxesha abonise ubuchulebokuyila, nesimbo sakhe esiphucukayo; phindaafunde kwakhona, aze ahlele akubhalileyoubukhulu becala ngokuzimela, ukuqinisekisaukuphucuka komsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise ubukhulu becala, izakhinemigaqo yolwimi ngokuchanekileyo; chonga,afumane intsingiselo, aze achaze iiyantlukwanoezifihlakeleyo kwiintsingiselo, imisebenziyamagama, kunye nezakhiwo zawo; chonga,achaze, ahluze, aze asebenzise iindidiezahlukeneyo zezakhi zezivakalisi ngeenjongozokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihlangemihla, kunye nokuveza isimbo sokubhala,kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, enze iziphene;bonakalisa ulwazi lokusetyenziswa kolwimikunye nesigama kakuhle kakhulu.




84

4 50-59 %Impumelelo eyanelisayo

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-10, umfundi ophumelelengokwanelisayo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi ezinezimvoezihambelanayo nezinamatheleneyo,ngokuzithemba okwanelisayo; bonakalisaukuqonda okwanelisayo, nokusebenzisa ulwimingobuntununtunu nangembeko; phulaphulangokuqiqa, esenzela ukuchonga kunyenokufumana intsingiselo yolwazingokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kodwaabonakalise ukuthandabuza xa ecazulula naxaechaza; sebenzisa ulwimi ngokuqhabalakaokwanelisayo, nangendlela ebonisa uvakalelokwiimeko eziqhelekileyo zoqhagamshelwano.

■ chonga, aze afumane intsingiselo yeetekisingokuzithemba okwanelisayo xa efunda, naxaelolonga, kodwa afune ukuncedwa xa ecazulula,naxa echaza; bonakalisa ukuqondaokwanelisayo, aze ngamaxesha athile abange,azithethelele ngeembono zakhe; fundangokuvakalayo, ebonakalisa ukuqhabalakakunye novakalelo olwanelisayo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu obanelisayo kwizimvo kunyenemiba yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

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■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi ezinezimvoezihambelanayo nezinamatheleneyo,nangokuzithemba okufanelekileyo; bonakalisaukuqonda okufanelekileyo, nokulusebenzisaulwimi ngobuntununtunu, nangembeko;phulaphula ngengqiqo, esenzela ukuchonganokufumana intsingiselo yolwazingokweenjongo ezahlukeneyo, kodwaabonakalise ukuthandabuza okuthile xaecazulula, naxa ehluza; sebenzisa ulwimiebonakalisa ukuqhabalaka, novakaleloolufanelekileyo, kwiimeko ezahlukeneyozoqhagamshelwano.

■ fumana intsingiselo yeetekisi, ngokuzithembaokufanelekileyo xa efunda, naxa elolonga,kodwa efuna ukuncediswa xa ecazulula, naxaehluza; bonakalisa ukuqonda okufanelekileyo,aze ngamaxesha athile abange, azithethelelengeembono zakhe; funda ngokuvakalayongokuqhabalaka ebonisa uvakaleloolufanelekileyo; bonakalisa ubuntununtunukwizimvo, kunye nemiba yenkcubekoeyahlukeneyo.


■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi ezinezimvoezihambelanayo nezinamatheleneyo,ngokuzithemba okufanelekileyo; bonakalisaukuqonda okufanelekileyo indlelayokusetyenziswa kolwimi ngobuntununtununangembeko; phulaphula ngengqiqo esenzelaukuchonga, nokufumana intsingiselo yolwazi,kodwa abonakalise ukuthandabuza okuthile xaecazulula, naxa ehluza; sebenzisa ulwimiebonakalisa ukuqhabalaka, novakaleloolufanelekileyo, kwiimeko ezahlukeneyozoqhagamshelwano.

■ fumana intsingiselo yeetekisi, ngokuzithembaokufanelekileyo xa efunda, naxa elolonga,kodwa efuna ukuncediswa xa ecazulula, naxaehluza; bonakalisa ukuqonda okufanelekileyo,aze ngamaxesha athile abange, azithethelelengeembono zakhe; funda ngokuvakalayongokuqhabalaka ebonisa uvakaleloolufanelekileyo; bonakalisa ubuntununtunukwizimvo, kunye nemiba yenkcubekoeyahlukeneyo.




86

4 50-59 %Impumelelo eyanelisayo

(Kusaqhutywa)

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi ezinezimvoezizezakhe, ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo; enza ukuba iitekisi zibafanelekakuhle abantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo,imixholo, kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo;lungelelanisa izimvo, kunye neemboniswanongendlela enika iinkcukacha nomgqaliselaowanelisayo encediswa, kodwa umsebenziwakhe usoloko ulambatha ubuchule bokuyila,kunye nobungqina besimbo esisesakhe; fundakwakhona akubhalileyo ngokuncediswa,esenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuphucuka komsebenziwakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise izakhi kunye nemigaqoyolwimi, kodwa akasoloko ekwenza okungokuchanekileyo; chonga, aze afumaneintsingiselo kumahluko okhoyo kwiintsingiselonemisebenzi yamagama, kunye nezakhiwo zawongokuchaneka okwanelisayo, kodwa ufumanaubunzima bokuchaza iiyantlukwanoezifihlakeleyo zamagama; chonga, azeasebenzise iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezakhizezivakalisi, ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimikwintetho yemihla ngemihla, ngamanyeamaxesha ezisebenzisela ukuveza isimbosokubhala, kodwa wenza iziphene xa echaza;bonakalisa ulwazi olwanelisayo lwendlelayokusebenzisa igrama kunye nesigama.

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■ bhala, aze anikezele ngokufanelekileyo,ngeetekisi ezinezimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo, enza ukuba iitekisi zibafanelekakuhle abantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo,imixholo kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo;lungelelanisa iingcinga kunye neemboniswanongendlela enika inkcukacha nenomgqalisela,encediswa, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe ngamanyeamaxesha, ulambatha ubuchule bokuyilanobungqina besimbo sakhe; funda kwakhonaakubhalileyo ngokuncediswa, esenzelaukuqinisekisa ukuphucuka komsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise izakhi kunye nemigaqoyolwimi, ngokuchaneka okwanelisayo; chonga,aze afumane intsingiselo kumahluko okhoyokwiintsingiselo, kunye nemisebenzi yamagamanezakhiwo zawo, ngokuchaneka okwanelisayo,kodwa ufumana ubunzima bokuchazaiiyantlukwano zamagama ezifihlakeleyo;chonga, aze asebenzise iindidi ezahlukeneyozezakhi zezivakalisi ngeenjongo zokusebenzisaulwimi kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, ngamanyeamaxesha ezisebenzisela ukuveza isimbosokubhala, kodwa wenza iziphene xa echaza,naxa ehluza; bonakalisa ulwazi olwanelisayolwendlela yokusebenzisa igrama kunyenesigama.

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngokufanelekileyo,ngeetekisi ezinezimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo; enza ukuba iitekisi zibafanelekakuhle, abantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo,imixholo kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo;lungelelanisa ngobuchule iingcinga kunyeneemboniswano ngendlela enika inkcukachanenomgqalisela, aze abonise ubungqinaobanelisayo besimbo sakhe sokubhala; fundakwakhona akubhalileyo ngokuncediswa,esenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuphucuka komsebenziwakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise izakhi kunye nemigaqoyolwimi, ngokuchaneka okwanelisayo; chonga,aze afumane intsingiselo kumahluko okhoyokwiintsingiselo, kunye nemisebenzi yamagamanezakhiwo zawo, kodwa ngamanye amaxeshaufumana ubunzima ukuchaza iiyantlukwanozamagama ezifihlakeleyo; chonga, azeasebenzise iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezakhizezivakalisi ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimikwintetho yemihla ngemihla, ngamanyeamaxesha ezisebenzisela ukuveza isimbosokubhala, kodwa wenza iziphene xa echaza,naxa ehluza; bonakalisa ulwazi olwanelisayolwendlela yokusebenzisa igrama kunyenesigama.




88

3 40-49 %Impumelelo eyaneleyo

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-10, umfundi ophumelelengokwaneleyo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, ngendlelaekhuthazayo, kodwa akasoloko ebonakalisaizimvo ezihambelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo;bonakalisa ukuqonda okwanelisayo,nokusebenzisa ulwimi ngobuntununtunu,nangembeko; phulaphula, ukuze achonge,afumane intsingiselo yeetekisi ngokwaneleyo,kodwa afumane ubunzima bokuphulaphulangengqiqo, ukucazulula, nokuchaza ulwazi;sebenzisa ulwimi ngokuqhabalaka okwanelisayokwiimeko zoqhagamshelwano eziqhelekileyo,kodwa abonakalise ukulambatha xa kufunekaelusebenzise ngendlela ebonisa uvakalelo.

■ chonga, aze afumane intsingiselo yeetekisingokwaneleyo, xa efunda naxa elolonga, kodwaafumane ubunzima nokuba sele encediswa, xakufuneka acazulule, achaze ulwazi; bonakalisaukuqonda okwanelisayo, aze anike neembonozakhe, ngamanye amaxesha azixhase; fundangokuvakalayo ebonisa ukuqhabalakanovakalelo olwaneleyo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu obanelisayo kwizimvo kunyenemiba yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

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89

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-11, umfundi ophumelelengokwaneleyo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, ngendlelaekhuthazayo, kodwa akasoloko ebonakalisaizimvo ezihambelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo;bonakalisa ukuqonda okwanelisayo,nokusebenzisa ulwimi ngobuntununtununangembeko; phulaphula ngengqiqo eyaneleyo,ukuze achonge, afumane intsingiselo, kodwaafumane ubunzima bokucazulula nokuhluzaulwazi; sebenzisa ulwimi ngokuqhabalakaokwanelisayo kwiimeko zoqhagamshelwanoeziqhelekileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxeshaabonakalise ukulambatha xa kufunekaelusebenzise ngendlela ebonisa uvakalelo.

■ fumana intsingiselo yeetekisi ngokwaneleyo, xaefunda, naxa elolonga, kodwa afumaneubunzima xa kufuneka acazulule, ahluze ulwazinokuba sele encediswa; bonakalisa ukuqondaokwanelisayo, aze anike neembono zakhe,ngamanye amaxesha azixhase; fundangokuvakalayo ebonakalisa ukuqhabalaka,novakalelo olwaneleyo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu obanelisayo kwizimvo nemibayenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

Ekupheleni kweGreyidi ye-12, umfundiophumelele ngokwaneleyo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, ngendlelaebonakalisa izimvo, ezihambelanayo,nezinamatheleneyo, emana ekhunjuzwakancinane; bonakalisa ukuqonda okwanelisayonokusebenzisa ulwimi olunobuntununtununembeko; phulaphula ngengqiqo eyaneleyoukuze achonge, afumane intsingiselo, kodwaafumane ubunzima xa ecazulula naxa ehluzaulwazi; sebenzisa ulwimi ngokuqhabalakanovakalelo olwaneleyo kwiimekozoqhagamshelwano eziqhelekileyo.

■ fumana intsingiselo yeetekisi ngokwaneleyo, xaefunda, naxa elolonga, kodwa afumaneubunzima xa kufuneka acazulule, ahluze, naxaechaza ulwazi; bonakalisa ukuqondaokwanelisayo, aze anike neembono zakhe,azixhase ngamanye amaxesha; fundangokuvakalayo ebonakalisa ukuqhabalakanovakalelo olwaneleyo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu obanelisayo kwizimvo nemibayenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.




90

3 40-49 %Impumelelo eyaneleyo

(Kusaqhutywa)

■ thathela ingqalelo eyaneleyo izimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo xa ebhala, naxa enikezelangeetekisi; enza iinzame ezaneleyo zokubaiitekisi zibafanele abantu abafumana ulwazi,iinjongo kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyo; vezangokwaneleyo iingcinga kunye neemboniswano,kodwa ekwenza oku ngokunika iinkcukachanomgqalisela ongephi, aze afune ukuncediswangokuzingileyo; bonakalisa ubungqinaobanelisayo besimbo sakhe sokubhala; fundakwakhona, aze ahlele akubhalileyo, ekwenzaoku ngokuncediswa banzi, ukuqinisekisaukuphucuka komsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise izakhi kunye nemigaqoyolwimi, ngokwaneleyo, kodwa enze iimpazamoezininzi ezibonisa ukungakhathali; chonga, azeafumane iintsingiselo ngokwaneleyo, kumahlukookhoyo kwiintsingiselo zamagama nezakhiwozawo; chonga, aze afumane intsingiselokumahluko okhoyo kwiintsingiselo zamagama,kunye nezakhiwo zawo, kodwa afumane ingxakienkulu xa echaza imisebenzi yamagama akhiwekwezinye izigaba zentetho; chonga, asebenzise,aze achaze izakhi zezivakalisi ngokwaneleyo,ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintethoyemihla ngemihla, kodwa amaxesha amaninziwenza iziphene ezixhalabisayo; bonakalisaulwazi olwaneleyo lwegrama kunye nesigama.

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■ thathela ingqalelo eyaneleyo, izimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo,nezichanekileyo; enza iinzame ezaneleyo,zokuba izimvo zifanele abantu abafumanaulwazi, iinjongo, imixholo, kunye neefomathiezahlukeneyo; veza iingcinga kunyeneemboniswano, ekwenza oku ngokunikaiinkcukacha nomgqalisela ongephi, aze afuneukukhokelwa okuzingileyo; bonakalisaubungqina obanelisayo besimbo sakhesokubhala; funda kwakhona, aze ahleleakubhalileyo, ekwenza oku ngokuncediswa,ukuqinisekisa ukuphucuka okwanelisayokomsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise ngokwaneleyo, izakhinemigaqo yolwimi, kodwa enze iimpazamoezibonakalisa ukungakhathali; chonga, azeafumane intsingiselo eyaneleyokwiiyantlukwano ezikhoyo kwiintsingiselonemisebenzi yamagama, kunye nezakhiwozawo, kodwa afumane ubunzima obukhulu, xaachaza imisebenzi yamagama akhiwe kwezinyeizigaba zentetho; chonga, achaze, aze asebenziseizakhi zezivakalisi ngokwaneleyo, ngeenjongozokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihlangemihla, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi wenzaiziphene ezixhalabisayo; bonakalisa ulwaziolwaneleyo lwegrama kunye nesigama.

■ thathela ingqalelo eyaneleyo, izimvoezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo, ezizezakhenezichanekileyo; enza iinzame ezaneleyo zokubaizimvo zifanele abantu abafumana ulwazi,iinjongo, imixholo, kunye neefomathiezahlukeneyo; veza iingcinga kunyeneemboniswano, ekwenza oku ngokunikaiinkcukacha nomgqalisela othile, kodwa afuneukukhokelwa; bonakalisa ubungqina obanelisayobesimbo sakhe sokubhala; funda kwakhona, azeahlele akubhalileyo, ekwenza okungokuncediswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuphucukaokwanelisayo komsebenzi wakhe.

■ qonda, aze asebenzise ngokwaneleyo, izakhinemigaqo yolwimi, kodwa akasoloko ekwaziukuzisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo; chonga, azeafumane intsingiselo eyaneleyokwiiyantlukwano ezikhoyo kwiintsingiselonemisebenzi yamagama, kunye nezakhiwozawo, kodwa afumane ubunzima xa echazaimisebenzi yamagama akhiwe kwezinye izigabazentetho; chonga, achaze, aze asebenzise iindidiezahlukeneyo zezakhi zezivakalisingokwaneleyo, ngeenjongo zokusebenzisaulwimi kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, kodwawenza iziphene ezicacileyo; bonakalisa ulwaziolwaneleyo lwegrama kunye nesigama.




92

2 30-39 %Impumelelo eyinxalenye

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-10 umfundi ofumeneinxalenye yeziphumo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisingokuthandabuza okukhulu, yaye kunqabileukuba aveze izimvo, ezihambelanayo,nezimatheleneyo; bonakalisa ulwaziolunqabileyo lokuqonda, nokusebenzisa ulwimiolunobuntununtunu nembeko; phantse oyisweukuphulaphula ngengqiqo ukuze achonge,afumane intsingiselo, acazulule okanye achazeulwazi; phantse oyiswe kukusebenzisa ulwimingokuqhabalaka okanye ngovakalelo kwiimekozoqhagamshelwano eziqhelekileyo.

■ chonga, afumane intsingiselo yeetekisingokunqabileyo, nokuba sele encediswa, xaefunda naxa elolonga, yaye ufumana iingxakiezininzi xa ecazulula naxa echaza; bonakalisaukuqonda okanye ukuveza ezakhe iimbonongokunqabileyo, yaye kunzima ukubaaphumelele ukuzixhasa; funda ngokuvakalayoemana enqumama, ebonisa ukuqhabalakanovakalelo olungephi; phantse oyisweukubonakalisa ubuntununtunu kwizimvo kunyenemiba yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

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Ekupheleni kweBanga le-11, umfundi ophumeleleinxalenye yeziphumo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisingokuthandabuza, yaye kunqabile ukuba avezeizimvo ezihambelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo;bonakalisa ulwazi oluncinane lokuqondanokusebenzisa ulwimi ngobuntununtununangembeko; phantse oyiswe ukuba aphulaphulengengqiqo, xa efuna ukuchonga, ukufumanaintsingiselo, ukucazulula okanye ukuhluzaulwazi; sebenzisa ulwimi ngokuqhabalakangokunqabileyo, kwiimeko eziqhelekileyozoqhagamshelwano, yaye uphantse oyisweukubonisa nolunjani na uvakalelo.

■ fumana intsingiselo yeetekisi ngokunqabileyo,nokuba sele encediswa ngokuzingileyo, xaefunda naxa elolonga, yaye ufumana ubunzimaobuxhalabisayo xa ecazulula, ehluza, naxaechaza ulwazi; bonakalisa ukuqondaokuncinane, yaye phantse oyiswe ukunikaiimbono zakhe okanye azixhase; fundangokuvakalayo enqumama, ebonakalisaukuqhabalaka, novakalelo oluncinane;bonakalisa ubuntununtunu obunqabileyokwizimvo kunye nemiba yenkcubekoeyahlukeneyo.

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-12, umfundi ophumeleleinxalenye yeziphumo anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngeetekisi ngokuthandabuza,yaye kunqabile ukuba aveze izimvoezihambelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo; bonakalisaulwazi oluncinane lokuqonda nokusebenzisaulwimi ngobuntununtunu nangembeko; phulaphulangengqiqo ngokunqabileyo, xa echonga, efumanaintsingiselo, ecazulula okanye ehluza ulwazi;sebenzisa ulwimi ngokuqhabalakangokunqabileyo, kwiimeko eziqhelekileyozoqhagamshelwano, yaye ubonakalisaukulusebenzisa ngovakalelo olungephi.

■ fumana intsingiselo yeetekisi ngokunqabileyo,sele encediswa, xa efunda naxa elolonga, azeafumane ubunzima xa ecazulula, ehluza naxaechaza ulwazi; bonakalisa ukuqondaokuncinane, yaye kunqabile ukuba anikeiimbono zakhe, okanye azixhase; fundangokuvakalayo enqumama, ebonakalisaukuqhabalaka, novakalelo oluncinane;bonakalisa ubuntununtunu obunqabileyokwizimvo kunye nemiba yenkcubekoeyahlukeneyo.




94

2 30-39 %Impumelelo eyinxalenye

(Kusaqhutywa)

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, kodwakunqabile ukuba izimvo ibe zezakhe,zihambelane, zinamathelane, okanye zibhalwengendlela echanekileyo; phantse angakwaziukwenza ukuba izimvo zifanele abantuabafumana ulwazi, iinjongo, imixholo kunyeneefomathi; veza iingcinga kunyeneemboniswano ngokunqabileyo, nokuba seleencediswa ngokuzingileyo; phantseangabonakalisi bungqina basimbo sakhesokubhala; funda kwakhona, ahleleakubhalileyo, kodwa kunqabile ukuba anakaneiziphene, yaye ufuna ukuncediswa okuzingileyo.

■ phantse angaziqondi izakhi kunye nemigaqoyolwimi, yaye uzisebenzisa ezi zakhi nalemigaqo ngendlela engachanekanga; chonga, azeafumane iintsingiselo kumahluko okhoyokwiintsingiselo zamagama, kunye nezakhiwozawo ngokunqabileyo, aze afumane nobunzimaobukhulu bokuchaza imisebenzi yamagamaakhiwe kwezinye izigaba zentetho; phantseangakwazi ukuchonga, ukusebenzisa, nokuchazangokuchanekileyo izakhi zezivakalisi,ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintethoyemihla ngemihla, aze amaxesha amaninzi enzeiziphene ezixhalabisayo; bonakalisa ulwazioluncinane lokusetyenziswa kwegramanesigama.

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■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, kodwa kunqabileukuba asebenzise izimvo ezizezakheezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo, okanyengendlela echanekileyo; phantse angakwaziukwenza iitekisi zifanele abantu abafumanaulwazi, iinjongo, imixholo kunye neefomathiezahlukeneyo; ziveza nzima kuphela iingcingakunye neemboniswano kodwa nalapho, ufunaukukhokelwa ngokuzingileyo; phantseangabonakalisi bungqina basimbo sakhesokubhala; funda kwakhona, aze ahleleakubhalileyo kuphela ngokukhokelwaokuzingileyo.

■ phantse angaziqondi izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi,aze ubukhulu becala, azisebenzisengokungachanekanga; chonga, aze afumaneintsingiselo kumahluko okhoyo kwiintsingiselozamagama kunye nezakhi zawo ngokunqabileyo,yaye usoloko efumana ubunzima ukuchazaimisebenzi yamagama awakhiwe kwezinyeizigaba zentetho; phantse angakwazi ukuchonga,ukuhluza, ukuchaza nokusebenzisa izakhizezivakalisi ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimikwintetho yemihla ngemihla, yaye usolokoesenza iziphene ezixhalabisayo; bonakalisaulwazi oluncinane lokusetyenziswa kwegramanesigama.

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, kodwakunqabile ukuba asebenzise izimvo ezizezakhe,ezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo, okanyengendlela echanekileyo; enza ukuba iitekisizifanele abantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo,imixholo kunye neefomathi ezahlukeneyongokunqabileyo; ziveza nzima kuphela iingcingakunye neemboniswano, kodwa nalapho ufunaukuncediswa; phantse angakwazi ukuvezaubungqina besimbo sakhe sokubhala; fundakwakhona, aze ahlele akubhalileyo kuphelangokuncediswa.

■ phantse angaziqondi izakhi nemigaqo yolwimi,aze afumane ubunzima ekuzisebenziseningokuchanekileyo; chonga, aze afumaneintsingiselo kumahluko okhoyo kwiintsingiselozamagama, kunye nezakhiwo zawongokunqabileyo, yaye amaxesha amaninziufumana ubunzima ukucazulula nokuchazaimisebenzi yamagama awakhiwe kwezinyeizigaba zentetho; chonga, acazulule, achaze, azeasebenzise izakhi zezivakalisi ngeenjongozokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihlangemihla ngokunqabileyo, yaye usoloko esenzaiziphene ezixhalabisayo; bonakalisa ulwazioluncinane lokusetyenziswa kwegramanesigama.




96

1 0-29 %Impumelelo enganelanga

Ekupheleni kweBanga le-10, umfundi ophumelelengokunganelanga anga:

■ thetha, aze anikezele ngentandabuzo enkulu, yayeunqumama ixesha elide, engasebenzisi zimvozihambelanayo nezinamatheleneyo; oyiswakukuqonda okanye kukusebenzisa ulwimiolunobuntununtunu okanye imbeko; phantseangaze aphulaphule ngengqiqo ukuze achonge,afumane intsingiselo, acazulule okanye achazeulwazi nokuba selekhokelwa; phantse angazeasebenzise ulwimi ngokuqhabalaka nangovakalelo,kwiimeko zoqhagamshelwano eziqhelekileyo.

■ phantse oyiswe ukuchonga, ukufumanaintsingiselo, ukucazululula, okanye ukuchazaiitekisi, xa efunda naxa elolonga; aqonde, anikephantse angaze aqonde, anike ezakhe iimbono,okanye azixhase; funda ngokuvakalayo, kodwaakwenze oku kakubi, yaye uyoyiswa kukubonisaukuqhabalaka novakalelo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu obuncinane kakhulu, kwizimvokunye nemiba yenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, kodwaakabonakalisi zimvo zizezakhe, zihambelanayo,zinamatheleneyo, okanye ezibhalwe ngendlelaechanekileyo; ngabathatheli ngqalelo abantuabafumana ulwazi, iinjongo, imixholo kunyeneefomathi; akha iitekisi ezizele zizipheneezixhalabisayo zibe zingavakali, ngenxayokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi kakubi; phantseangaze aveze iingcinga neemboniswano, nasimbosakhe xa ebhala; oyiswa ukubonakalisa ubungqinabokuhlela okanye ukuphinda awufunde umsebenzi,nokuba sele ekhokelwa banzi.

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■ thetha, aze anikezele ngakubhalileyongentandabuzo enkulu, yaye unqumama ixeshaelide, engasebenzisi zimvo zihambelanayonezinamatheleneyo; oyiswa ukuqondanokusebenzisa ulwimi olunobuntununtunu okanyeimbeko; phantse angaze aphulaphule ngengqiqoukuze achonge, afumane intsingiselo, acazulule,okanye ahluze ulwazi; phantse angaze asebenziseulwimi ngokuqhabalaka okanye ngovakalelokwiimeko zoqhagamshelwano eziqhelekileyo.

■ phantse oyiswe ukuchonga, ukufumanaintsingiselo, ukucazululula, okanye ukuchazaiitekisi xa efunda naxa elolonga; phantse angazeaqonde, anike ezakhe iimbono, okanye azixhase;funda ngokuvakalayo, kodwa akwenze okukakubi, yaye uyoyiswa kukubonisaukuqhabalaka, okanye uvakalelo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu kwizimvo kunye nemibayenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, kodwa uyoyiswakukubonakalisa izimvo ezizezakheezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo, okanyengendlela echanekileyo; ngabathatheli ngqaleloabantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo, imixholokunye neefomathi; akha iitekisi ezizele zizipheneezixhalabisayo nezintsingiselo ingavakaliyo,ngenxa yokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi kakubi;phantse angaze aveze iingcinga neemboniswano,nasimbo sakhe xa ebhala; oyiswa ukubonakalisaubungqina bokuhlela okanye ukuphinda awufundeumsebenzi, nokuba sele ekhokelwa banzi.


■ thetha, aze anikezele ngakubhalileyongentandabuzo enkulu, engasebenzisi zimvozihambelanayo nezinamatheleneyo; oyiswaukuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimiolunobuntununtunu okanye imbeko; phantseangaze aphulaphule ngengqiqo ukuze achonge,afumane intsingiselo, acazulule, okanye ahluzeulwazi; phantse angaze asebenzise ulwimingokuqhabalaka okanye ngovakalelo, kwiimekozoqhagamshelwano eziqhelekileyo.

■ phantse oyiswe ukuchonga, ukufumanaintsingiselo, ukucazululula, okanye ukuchazaiitekisi xa efunda naxa elolonga; phantse angazeaqonde, anike ezakhe iimbono, okanye azixhase;funda ngokuvakalayo, kodwa akwenze okukakubi, yaye uyoyiswa kukubonisaukuqhabalaka okanye uvakalelo; bonakalisaubuntununtunu kwizimvo kunye nemibayenkcubeko eyahlukeneyo.

■ bhala, aze anikezele ngeetekisi, kodwa uyoyiswakukubonakalisa izimvo ezizezakheezihambelanayo, ezinamatheleneyo, okanyengendlela echanekileyo; ngabathatheli ngqaleloabantu abafumana ulwazi, iinjongo, imixholokunye neefomathi; akha iitekisi ezizele zizipheneezixhalabisayo nezintsingiselo ingavakaliyo,ngenxa yokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi kakubi;phantse angaze aveze iingcinga neemboniswano,nasimbo sakhe xa ebhala; oyiswa ukubonakalisaubungqina bokuhlela okanye ukuphinda awufundeumsebenzi, nokuba sele ekhokelwa banzi.




98

1 0-29 %Impumelelo enganelanga

(Kusaqhutywa)

■ phantse angaze aqonde okanye asebenzise izakhikunye nemigaqo yolwimi; phantse oyiswekukuchonga, ukufumana intsingiselo nokuchazaiiyantlukwano ezikhoyo kwiintsingiselo kunyenemisebenzi yamagama kunye nezakhiwo zawo;oyiswa kukuqonda amagama awakhiwekwezinye izigaba zentetho; oyiswakukulungelelanisa okanye ukusebenzisaizivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo, ngeenjongozokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihlangemihla, yaye uyoyiswa nakukubonisa ulwazilokusetyenziswa kwegrama nesigama.

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■ phantse angaze aqonde okanye asebenzise izakhikunye nemigaqo yolwimi esisiseko; phantseoyiswe kukuchonga, ukufumana intsingiselo,nokuchaza iiyantlukwano ezikhoyokwiintsingiselo zamagama kunye nezakhiwozawo; oyiswa kukubonakalisa ukuyiqondaimisebenzi yamagama awakhiwe kwezinyeizigaba zentetho; oyiswa kukulungelelanisaokanye ukusebenzisa izivakalisingokuchanekileyo, ngeenjongo zokusebenzisaulwimi kwintetho yemihla ngemihla, yayeuyoyiswa nakukubonisa ulwazi lokusetyenziswakwegrama nesigama.

■ phantse angaze aqonde okanye asebenzise izakhikunye nemigaqo yolwimi; phantse oyiswekukuchonga, ukufumana intsingiselo, nokuchazaiiyantlukwano ezikhoyo kwiintsingiselozamagama kunye nezakhiwo zawo; bonakalisaukuyiqonda okulambatha kakhulu, imisebenziyamagama awakhiwe kwezinye izigabazentetho; oyiswa kukulungelelanisa okanyeukusebenzisa izivakalisi ngokuchanekileyo,ngeenjongo zokusebenzisa ulwimi kwintethoyemihla ngemihla, yaye uyoyiswa nakukubonisaulwazi lokusetyenziswa kwegrama nesigama.




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ULUHLU LWENKCAZELO YAMAGAMA

abantu abafumana ulwazi (abaphulaphuli, ababukeli) – aba ngabantu ekujoliswe kubo xa benikwa ulwazioluthile; xa beza kuphulaphula okuthethwayo, balolonge oku kwitekisi; ke ngoko, ababhali kufuneka basolokobecinga ngenjongo kwanabantu aabafumana ulwazi abaza kufunda, balolonge ezo tekisi

amagama antsingiselo zichaseneyo – apha kudla ngokudityaniswa amagama antsingiselo zichaseneyongabom, kusenzelwa isiphumo esithile. Xa kusenziwa le nto kusetyenziswa isichasi sihambelane nesibizoesichasene naso

amagama asetyenziswa ngempazamo – kuxa ubani esebenzisa amagama antsonkothileyo ngelizamaukubonisa abantu ukuba uyalwazi yena ulwimi olo; nangona la magama enokubonakala ngathi afanelekile,kodwa ngendlela asetyenziswe ngayo aye abangele ukuhlekisa

ehleli encokweni – kuthethwa ngokuthi xa kuxoxwa asoloko umntu ehleli kule nto kuthethwa ngayo,angaphumi emxholweni

enabileyo – xa into ibhalwe ngendlela enabileyo, kuxa kunikwe iinkcukacha, kuchazwe kangangoko

exhalabisayo – apha eli gama lisetyenziselwe ukubonakalisa indlela ekuthi xa umfundi esenza izipheneezininzi xa ebhala, lowo ufunda into ayibhalileyo atsho anxube, angonwabi, ngenxa yezo ziphene; kutsho kekufuneke xa kunjalo utitshala oza kuba neliso kuloo mfundi, amncede

ezibhidanisiweyo – kubhekiselwe kwizimvo ezingabhalekanga kakuhle kwaphela, de athi ubani ofunda loo ntoibhalwe ngolo hlobo angayiva

eziKhethiweyo (izifundo) – ezi zifundo zizifundo ekunganyanzelekanga ukuba zizalane nezifundo zomsebenziothile anomdla kuwo umfundi. Sukube umfundi ezikhetha nje kuba enomdla kweso sifundo, esithandakananjalo

ezinguNdoqo (izifundo) – ezi zifundo zisisiseko, kuba zezi zifundo ziza kumnceda umfundi ukulandelaikhondo elithile lento aza kuba yiyo ebomini, umz:- enze iMathematika nezoBugqi xa efuna ukulandelaikhondo leNzuluwazi njalo njalo

ezintsonkothileyo (izivakalisi) – kuthethwa izivakalisi ezinobunzima obuthile, ekungelula ukuziqonda,ngaphandle kokuba ulingisise

eziNyanzelekileyo (izifundo) – kule kharityhulam abafundi bafunda izifundo ezisi-7. Kwezi zifundokunyanzelekile ukuba bafunde iilwimi ezi-2, kunye nezifundo ezibalwayo ezinjengeMathematika, baze bafundenesifundo sezoBomi


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ezizezabo (iitekisi/izimvo) – xa umfundi eyila itekisi kubalulekile ukuba aze nezakhe izimvo,angazinyibi/angebi zimvo ndawo, zivele kuye buqu

fanelekileyo – kuxa kusetyenziswe ulwimi olufanelekileyo ngokwemo leyo, umz: xa uthetha nomntu omdalaokanye umntu ohloniphekileyo kwimeko yomsebenzi, uchonga ulwimi olufanele loo meko

idatha – ziinkcukacha zolwazi olugciniweyo

igama elakhiwe kwelinye – eli ligama elakhiwe kwelinye igama okanye elakhiwe kwingcambu, (umz:sela=intselo); la magama adla ngokwakhiwa ngokufakela izimaphambili okanye izimamva

ii-akhronim – igama elakhiwe ngoonobumba bokuqala egameni xa lifinyeziwe, umz: iNkcazeloyeKharityhulam yeSizwe (NKS)

iintlobo ngeentlobo zezivakalisi – kubhekiswa kwizivakalisi mhlawumbi ezahluke ngobude, ezinye zibezifutshane, ezinye zibe zide. Xa ubani ebhala kuyakhuthazwa ukuba azixube izivakalisi zibe ziintlobongeentlobo ukuze ibukeke, ivakale kamnandi intetho yakhe, okanye into ayibhalileyo

ikhrayitheriya – lo ngumlinganiselo osetyenziswayo xa kuza kunikwa mhlawumbi amanqaku kumsebenzionikwe abafundi. Kufuneka abafundi baxelelwe kwangaphambili ukuba baza kuwanikwa njani, kangakananiamanqaku kumsebenzi abawubhalayo

ilitherasi – ilitherasi lulwazi lokufunda nokubhala, ukwazi ukusebenzisa amanani, ulwazi lwekhompyutha,ukuqonda indlela izixhobo ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama ezisetyenziswa ngayo njalo-njalo; eli gamalisenokusetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukwazi ukulungisa nokusebenzisa ulwazi oluthile, kwanokubhalela iinjongoezahlukeneyo; kukwabonakalisa ukwazi ukuvumbulula iintsingiselo ezendeleyo kwiitekisi nakulwimi, ukuzeumntu ayiqonde itekisi ukuba ingantoni

imalapropizim – ukusebenzisa amagama ngendlela engafanelekanga, ubonisa isigqezu, libe elo gama livakalangathi lamkelekile umz: -iroli endaweni ka -ilori

iimbono – yindlela umntu azibona ngayo izinto, aze aveze uluvo lwakhe

iindidi zoncwadi – apha kubhekiswa kwindlela uncwadi oluhlelwa ngayo (umz: inoveli, amabalanaamafutshane, amavo, izibongo, idrama okanye ifilim)

iindlela ngeendlela zokusebenzisa ulwimi – ezi ndlela ngeendlela zibakho xa kukho ukulungelelaniswaokukhoyo kwisigama, kwiimeko zezivakalisi namagama kunye nendlela igama elibizwa ngayo; oku kekuyahluka kwingingqi nengingqi.

iiyantlukwano – iindlela ngeendlela eziveziweyo ezibonisa umahluko, umzekelo kwiintsingiselo kunyenemisebenzi yamagama

ilizwi likanobalisa/lombalisi – eli lilizwi lomntu obalisa ibali; ungahlula phakathi kombalisi osebenzisa umntu


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wokuqala (umz: Ndi- usoloko engumlinganiswa ebalini, owenza izinto ngokwakhe) okanye umntu wesithathu,apho umbalisi abhekisa kubalinganiswa ngokuthi uThemba u ….okanye ooThemba ba……

imbali – kubhekiswa kwibali elibaliswa ngomlomo okanye elibhaliweyo, elinezimvo ezilandelelana kakuhlengokwendlela iziganeko ezenzeke ngayo

imbali – emfutshane enoburharha-ezi ziimbali zeziganeko ezincinane ezibaliswa ngenjongo yokonwabisa,yokuchwayitisa, kwanokuveza ubunjani bomlinganiswa othile

imbeko – apha kuthethwa ngolwimi olusetyenziswa ngembeko; oku kubonisa ubuchule bokukhetha amagamaafanelekileyo, umz:- ulwimi olusebenzisa xa uthetha nabantu abahloniphekileyo, nabadala, alufaninolusetyenziswa ngoontanga bakho

imeko (yetekisi) – itekisi isoloko isetyenziswa yakhiwe ikwimeko…..imeko ke ibandakanya iimeko ezifananokusebenzisa iitekisi ezingqamene nezentlalo, ezenkcubeko nezepolitiki, umz; xa utitshala efundisa igrama,kufuneka angafundisi amagama ezimele odwa koko ekwimeko yezi tekisi

imibhalo yoqhagamshelwano – ezi ziitekisi ezifana neeleta, imizuzu yentlanganiso, ingxelo, iifeksi, njalonjalo

ImiGangatho yokuHlola – kubhekiswa kulwimi, ulwazi, ubuchule kunye nexabiso ekufuneka ukuba abafundibalibonakalise ekupheleni kwebanga elithile

imigaqo eyamkelekileyo yokusetyenziswa kolwimi – imigaqo eyamkelekileyo okanye xa kusetyenzisweizakhi yolwimi; eminye imigaqo incedisa ekuqulatheni intsingiselo (umz: imigaqo yegrama, iziphumlisi,uhlobo oluthile lokusebenzisa oonobumba xa kuchethezwa), ize eminye incedise ekuchazeni isiqulatho (umz:uluhlu lweziqulatho, indlela yokucwangcisa okuthile, izihloko, iitshathi, uluhlu, imifanekiso kunye nesalathiso)

imithombo – apha sibhekisa kwimithombo yolwazi, okt apho kufumaneka khona ulwazi. Eli gama lisukakwelo lithetha umthombo lo uphuma amanzi ezintabeni, kodwa ke apha ngumthombo wolwazi

imizobo – kubhekiswa kwimveliso yezokubonwa ngeliso lenyama, nezobugcisa njengemizobo, nokuyila njalo njalo

imeko yokunxibelelanisa – zininzi iindlela zokunxibelelanisa, umz: ngokubhala, ngokuthetha okanye incokoyomlomo, ngokwenza imifanekiso ebonwa ngeliso lenyama (ibandakanya imizobo enjengeetshati); ulwazi kelungaguquguqulwa lususwe kwenye imeko, luye kwenye (njengokusuka ekusebenziseni igrafu uye ekubhaleniumhlathi, usebenzise ulwazi ulususa kwintetho yomlomo uye kumfanekiso ophawuliweyo)

imeko yomphefumlo – apha kuthethwa ngendlela umbhali woncwadi aziva ngayo xa ebhale incwadi, nokubalibali okanye isibongo; le mo ke idla ngokudizwa ngamagama asetyenziswayo (umz: ‘Yayiziinyembezi zodwaecaleni kwaloo bhasi yayiqungquluzile.); la magama mabini anomgca ngaphantsi abonisa ukubaakonwatywanga apha

impazamo yokusebenzisa amagama amade ngendlela engafanelekanga – abanye abantu bayathanda njeukusebenzisa amagama amade nantsonkothileyo, bezama nje ukutsala amehlo, de loo magama bawasebenzise


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ngendlela engafanelekanga, nedala intsini komameleyo

impixano/ ungquzulwano – olu lungquzulwano olubakho phakathi kwabalinganiswa okanye abantu nje;ungquzulwano olu lungenzeka ngenxa yeemfuno zabo okanye into abayixabisileyo

impoxo – yintetho eveza into echasene nale nto ubani ayithethayo; apha kuphoxiswa ngomntu umz:- xa usithikumntu ofike mva kunani: ‘Ndiva kakubi ukuba sifike phambi kwakho’, ube wena umphoxela le nto efikeemva kwexesha; sukube apha uphoxisa ngomntu

indlela abalisayo ngayo umbhali – yindlela umfundi/umbhali abalisa ngayo ibali, unokusebenzisa umntu/athi:‘Ndihambe ndileqwa ziinciniba .....’ okanye umntu III athi: ‘Yahamba ke loo ndoda ileqwa ziinciniba .... .’(Jonga ilizwi likanobalisa)

ingxam/umxholo – yeyona mbono ingundoqo kubhalo loncwadi; itekisi inganemixholwana emininzi, eminyekuyo ingacaci gca ibe selubala

ingxelo emva kokuhlola – olu hlobo lwengxelo ludla ngokunikwa ngutitshala enika umfundi, maxa wambinomzali kuye kubaluleke ukuba azi ngenkqubo yomntwana wakhe

inkcaso – kuxa kusetyenziswa izimvo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo umz:- ukubila usoma.

inkcaso-vuthondaba – kuxa bekulindeleke ukuba kufikelelwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu ebalini, sele kulindelweukuhla kwesiganeko esibalulekileyo okanye esonwabisayo, suke kungade kufikelelwe kuso; okusuke kwenzekekukuba kwisakhiwo sebali kuvela iziyolisi, kungenjalo isiganekwana nje esingabalulekanga kuyaphi, okanyekuphambukwe kwisiganeko ebesiphethwe, kuvezwe esitsha

inkqubo yolongezelelo lweelwimi ezininzi – xa umntu efunda ulwimi (iilwimi) ukongeza kulwimi lwakhelwasekhaya; oku akuthethi ukuba oku kuthatha indawo yolwimi lwasekhaya, koko lufundwa kunye nalo

imveliso yobhalo yokugqibela – xa abafundi bebhala, mhlawumbi nokuba zizincoko, ababhali nje kube kanye,bangenise umsebenzi. Kufuneka bamane bebhala, bewuhlela, baphinde babhale kwakhona, de ibe yimvelisoyokugqibela ebonisa ukuba bazilungisile iziphene

intetho edidekisayo – kuxa kusetyenziswe ulwimi oludidekisayo ngabom ukwenzela ukufihla izintoeziyinyaniso ezenzekileyo, zifihlelwa umfundi okanye umntu ofumana ulwazi

intetho eqhelekileyo enokufaka amagama angekho sikweni – olu lulwimi olusetyenziswa xa kuncokolwa njengabantu, lube lona lungekho sikweni

intetho esebenzisa amagama angenasongo – kukusebenzisa amagama athile okanye uluvo oluthile, dekuphele nesongo sawo kuba esetyenziswa njalo; kude kulahleke nentsingiselo yawo

ijagoni – kukho amagama asetyenziswa ngabantu baloo msebenzi, wena mntu ungasebenzi aphoongenakuyilandela intsingiselo yawo, ngaphandle kokuba ude ucaciselwe umz:- ulwimi olusetyenziswa


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ngootitshala, oonesi, oogqirha njalo njalo

ikhrayithiriya – esi sisikali esibonisa ukuba umfundi uphumelele kangakanani na ngokwemilinganiseloebekiweyo, nevunyiweyo, milinganiselo leyo echazwe kakuhle, ngaphantsi kwesahluko sesine kwinqanabangalinye

intsingiselo – eli ligama elicacisa okanye elibonisa eyona nto itekisi ebhekise kuyo, okanye esithetha ngayo,ekuthi ke kwenze ukuba uyisebenzise lula itekisi

intsingiselo ejijiweyo – yiloo ntsingiselo ivezwa sisivakalisi, xa ubani esebenzise igama ngokungafanelekanga,okanye kwindawo engafanelekanga, aze athi lowo ulwaziyo ulwimi, xa efunda eso sivakalisi afumane ukubaintsingiselo iba yengeyiyo, okt. ijijiwe

intsingiselo-mbini – indlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo, ndlela leyo enokwenza athi ofundayo angaziqondincam ukuba elo gama lisetyenziswe kuyiphi kanye kanye imeko; le ndlela ke ingayijika intsingiselo

intsingiselo erheshayo (engathiwanga pahaha) – kuxa kusetyenziswe igama ngendlela apha engatsolisiyo,kodwa ube uqonda ukuba lirhesha into ethile, libugwegweleza, aliyi ngqo

intsingiselo eziwe ngecala – intsingiselo eziwe nje ngecala kwiitekisi, engavezwanga ngendlela ethe ngqo

intsingiselo-zwi yesibini – le yintsingiselo yesibini engaphaya kwale yentsusa iqhelekileyo; umz: igama ihagulithetha isilwanyana esiyihagu, kodwa xa usiya kwintsingiselo yesibini ingathetha ukutyeba, ubumdaka,ukubawa njalo njalo

intsingiselo (yengcalo yentsusa/eqhelekileyo) – yile ntsingiselo icacileyo yegama kuloo meko likuyo

umz:- Eli bhastile lam lihle. (uthetha ngebhastile eli lihle liligungqu lokudlala, kanti xa intsingiselo ibifihlakele ngesithetha ngobuhle, mhlawumbi bomfazi)

intsingiselo yokunxulumanisa – yileyo ifihlakeleyo, ingathiwanga phaha (Jonga intsingiselo-zwi yesibini)

intsusa – kubhekiswa kuloo nto esukela kuyo intshukumo okanye imeko

i-okzimoroni/impikiswano – ibinzana elidibanisa amagama amabini abonakala wona echasene umzi-Inzoloevingea iindlebe

ipotfoliyo – le yifayile enika bonke ubungqina bomsebenzi owenziwe ngumfundi; yiyoesetyenziswa ngumfundi kunye notitshala xa umfundi esenza umsebenzi wakhe, emana ewuqokelelela kulefayile, utitshala amane ewuhlola

isakhiwana sebali – yintshukumo encedisayo, ehamba calanye nesakhiwo esiphambili kwinoveli okanye umdlalo


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isakhiwo sebali – esi sisicwangciso somsebenzi woncwadi ngakumbi kwiidrama neenoveli; isakhiwo sebalisibandakanya indlela le ilula yokulandelelana kweziganeko, ebonisa uzalwano phakathi kweziganeko,kubonakale futhi ukuba le into yenzeka ngenxa yaleya

isichasi – ligama elibonisa into echaseneyo nelinye igama kwakolu lwimi lunye, umz:- ubhityile>utyebile

isicwangciso-zimvo – luhlobo oluthile olusetyenziswayo xa mhlawumbi kusaxoxwa ngento ethile kumanekubhalwa phantsi ezo zimvo, njengaxa utitshala exoxa nabafundi ngesincoko esiza kubhalwa. Umana ebhalaelo nqaku, kwenziwe njalo ecwangciswa la manqaku, kumana kutsalwa nemigca ethile ngamanye amaxesha

isifaniso – kuxa ufanisa into ethile nenye; apha kusetyenziswa amagama afana noo “njenge-”, “nqwa ne-”,“oku kwe-”, umz:- Uhambisa oku kukanina (okt. uhamba ngathi ngunina)

isigqebelo – kukusebenzisa intetho enentsingiselo ethwethwayo nefihlakeleyo, eyahlukileyo kuleyo ithe ngqo

isigqebelo cim cim – luhlobo lwesigqebelo olwenzeka xa ngokwakwisakhiwo sebali, abantu abafumana ulwazibekwazi ukuba nolwazi angenalo yena umlinganiswa ngelo xesha, ngento eseza kwenzeka kuye okanyekwabanye abalinganiswa

isihlanganisi – ligama elisetyenziselwa ukuhlanganisa amagatya ukuze enze isivakalisi esinye

isihloko esigqamileyo – isihloko senqaku elithile, somfanekiso, ifoto njalo njalo, esidla ngokunceda ukutsalaumdla ngendlela esikhethwe ngayo - ukubonisa inqaku elo ukuba lingantoni na

isihlokwana – sisihlokwana okanye inkcazelo emfutshane edla ngokuvela ngaphantsi komfanekiso okanyeikhathuni ngeenjongo zokunika inkcazelo yaloo ntso ikwikhathuni

isihlonipho – kuxa intetho ekhangeleka ngathi ibiza into ngqo, icezelwa ngokusebenzisa intetho evakalakamnandi umz:- uqhuba amatakane, endaweni yokuthi unxilile

isikweko – kuxa kusetyenziswa enye into xa kuchazwa enye into, oko kusenziwa kuba ezo zinto zineempawuezifanayo, umz:- UThemba lo yinyoka. (kuba enobungozi njengenyoka)

isimntwiso – kuxa kuthathwe iimpawu zomntu zanikwa izinto ezingengobantu, umz:- Tywala ungumlahlekisi

isingqisho – kukubizeka kwamagama, izandi, okanye amabinzana kwivesi ngendlela evakala kamnandi; le ntoidla ngokufumaneka kwizibongo

isiphumo – kuthethwa isiphumo sentshukumo/sesenzo okanye imeko

isiqalelo – eli gama lisetyenziswe apha kwimeko yokubonisa uhlobo lwetekisi eyakhiwe ngumfundi, tekisi leyoebonisa umgangatho osezantsi wokuyila; umfundi ololu hlobo usafuna ukuncediswa aqeqeshwe

isiqulatho – eli ligama elisetyenziselwa ukubonisa izinto ezibandakanyiweyo kwizinto ezifana namaxwebhu njl. njl


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isithetha-ntonye – ngamagama athetha into enye umz:- ukurhala/ukubawa, umtshakazi/umakoti

isiyelelane – lulwimi lwesizwana, olu luhlobo lolwimi olulungiselelwa isizwana esithile; olu lwimi lwahlukilekwezinye iimeko zolo lwimi lusukela kulo, malunga namagama asetyenziswayo, ukwakhiwa kunye nendlelaabizwa ngayo

isizathu – yinto engunobangela wento eqhubekayo, okanye imeko ekhoyo

ithoni – apha kunokubhekiswa kuqala kwindlela ubani abiza ngayo igama; eli gama “ithoni” xa lisetyenziswenzulu likwabhekisa kwindlela igama elithile elisetyenziswe nzulu ngayo kwisivakalisi; kwitekisi ithoni yegamaibhekisa kwindlela igama elisetyenziswe ngayo kuloo mo, nentsingiselo eliyizisayo; kwifilim ithoniingaphunyezwa ngohlobo lomculo odlalwayo, kungenjalo imeko-ntlalo

izafobe – la ngamagama okanye amabinzana asetyenziswe ngendlela ezekelisayo, ukuphumeza loo ntsingiselo,imizekelo yezafobe zizifaniso, isimntwiso, isikweko njl.njl

izandi ezahlukeneyo – kuthethwa izandi ezahlukeneyo ezifana neqabane l elahlukileyo kwiqabane r

izifundo ezingundoqo – ezi zizifundo ezizezona zona ekufuneka umfundi azenze

izifundo zentsusa ezisisinyanzelo – ezi zizifundo ekunyanzelekileyo ukuba umfundi abe nazikhethayo kuzokuba zisisiseko

izihlanganisi-luvo – kubhekiswa kumagama amsebenzi ikukwenza ukuba izivakalisi mazinxibelelane kakuhlezenze imihlathi elandelelanayo, mihlathi leyo enokuphela isakha iitekisi ngamagama afana nezimelabizo,izihlanganisi njalo njalo

iitekisi – kubhekiswa kuzo zonke iindidi zokunxibelelana/zokuqhagamshelana, ezizezi: ezomlomo,ezibhalwayo, ezoqhagamshelwano, ezibonwa ngeliso lenyama, eziviwa-zibonwe, ulwimi lwempawu njl. njlisengaba ngumhlathi/yimihlathi ebhalwe ngamagama afundekayo, ikhathuni, imephu, igrafu, umfanekiso njl.njl

iitekisi ezifundeka ngeendlela ngeendlela – apha kubandakanywa iitekisi, izixhobo zeliso lenyama, eziviwangeendlebe, iividiyo, njl. njl; xa umfundi enika intetho elungisiweyo angasebenzisa izilayidi, imifanekiso,iividiyo njl.njl

iitekisi ezinobunyani – ezi ziindlela ngeendlela zokunxibelelana ezisetyenziselwa ukuba ubani awuboneumfanekiso wento ekuthethwa ngayo, aziveli kuncwadi zona ( umz:-zivela kwiimagazini nakumanqaku avelakumaphephandaba, okushicilelwe kuvela koonomathotholo kunye noomabonakude, izibhengezo, iileyibhilezezinto ezithengiswayo,iibrowutsha ezinika iinkcukacha zomakwaziwe ngabahamba betyelela, amaphephaavela kurhulumente ekufuneka ezalisiwe, kwakunye nemizekelo yeeleta eziyinyani)

iitekisi zoqhagamshelwano – uluhlu lweetekisi ezibandakanya iileta, imizuu yentlanganiso, iingxelo, iifekisinjalo njalo


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izixhobo ezibonakalisa ubuciko – ezi zizixhobo ezifana naxa isithethi sinqumama, sisebenzisa uphindaphindoxa sithetha, sisenzela ukucenga okanye ukuqinisekisa lowo umameleyo

izixhobo zobuciko ezidlwengula umxhelo – zizixhobo ulwimi othi xa uzisebenzisile zitsale umdla, njengaxa umntuesebenzise ulwimi olunezafobe ezihombisa loo nto ayibhalileyo, atsho ngento evakala, nefundeka kamnandi

okuxabisekileyo – apha kubhekiswa kwiimpawu zentsulungeko

thesorasi – incwadi eyingqokelela yamagama okanye izivakalisi

ubabazo/ugqithiso – lubaxo xa umntu ethetha ngento ethile, umz:- ‘Wandiphakela intaba yokutya’, aphakuthethwa ukutya okuninzi

ubuchule bokuqiqisisa – kuxa umfundi esebenzise izimvo zakhe xa, mhlawumbi ebhala okanye esenzaintetho, ngendlela apha ebonisa ukuba unobuchule bokuyicingisisisa into phambi kokuba ayithethe okanyeayibhale phantsi; loo nto ke itsho ngento evakala okanye efundeka kamnandi

ubuchule bokusebenzisa amagama ngendlela yokuhlasela – obu bubuchule obusetyenziswayo xa umfundiefunda igama angalaziyo; uye aliqhawu-qhawule libe ngamalungu okanye ajonge intsingiselo eziswazizimaphambili, kungenjalo izimamva, esenzela ukude ayive kakuhle intsingiselo yalo

ubuhle – ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ukuyila into ngokucoliseka nangolonwabo

ubumbo zivakalisi (isinteksi) – yindlela amagama alungelelaniswa ngayo ukwakha izakhiwo zegrama, umz:-amabinzana, amagatya, izivakalisi njl. njl; apha kujongwa nemithetho elawula ubumbo-zivakalisi

ubunkunkqele – ubuchule obudibene namava ekwenzeni into ethile; ubuchule nobugcisa obukhulu

ubuntununtunu – eli gama lisetyenziselwe ukubonisa ukuba xa usebenzisa ulwimi ngobunono kuxa uchulaukunyathela ekukhetheni amagama, ukhethe igama elifanele loo meko

ubungakanani boonobumba – apha kujongwe koonobumba abasetyenziswa xa kuchwethezwangekhompyutha, le nto kuthiwa yifonti

ukuba neliso kwindlela amagama asetyenziswa ngayo – apha kuthethwa ngokwazi ukucazulula indlelaintsingiselo evezwe ngayo, ukwazi ukugqala amandla ulwimi olunawo; xa umfundi eyiqaphela indlelaamagama asetyenziswa ngayo, nentsingiselo ayinikwayo kuloo mo, umfundi uya kukwazi ukumelana neendlelazokuqhathwa ezinokuvezwa lulwimi olo, akwazi kananjalo ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngononophelo

ukuphanjwa – kuxa ubhidwe yinto ethile, mhlawumbi ubucinga ukuba iza kwenzeka ngohlobo oluthile, sukakwenzeke into engeyiyo leyo, kudla ngokuthiwa uphanjwe yinto ethile

ukuqal’ugwebe – ukunganyamezeli okanye ukugweba kuqala, uveza loo ngcingane onayo ngomntu, iqelaokanye umbono othile


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ukuzakuza – kuxa usebenzisana nabantu, mhlawumbi bamazwe ngamazwe, wena unxibelelana kakuhle nabokuba ungumthunywa, ingumsebenzi wakho lowo wokunxibelelana namazwe ngamazwe

ingqiqo – xa kusithiwa ubani usebenzisa ingqiqo xa ephulaphula kuthethwa ukuba umamelisisile, yayeuyibazile ingqondo, uyacingisisa

ukubona izinto ngendlela eyahlukileyo – kuxa ubani ebona izinto eziqhele ukubonwa njengezahlukileyo,yena azibone, mhlawumbi zifana, okt. akaboni ngendlela efanayo nabanye

ukucazulula – xa ufunda, mhlawumbi itekisi, uze uchaze ukuba igama elithile libonakalisa ntoni, lisetyenziswenjani, kuba kutheni, liza nafuthe lini - sithi uyalucazulula ulwimi okanye uyawacazulula amagama

ukuchaza into ngamanye amazwi – kuxa uluvo okanye okuqulethwe kwitekisi kuphinda kubhalwa ngamazwialowo ubhala loo tekisi kwakhona, oko kukuthi, usebenzise awakho amagama endaweni yalawo ebekwitekisi

ukucikoza – kubonakalisa ubuchule bokuthi ubani xa ethetha okanye ebhala asebenzise ulwimi olunezimvoezilandelelanayo, nezinamatheleneyo, ngale ndlela ke ulwimi luye luvakale kamnandi, kananjalo lutolikekekakuhle

ukucinga ngendlela eyilayo – le yinkqubo yokucinga ngezimvo okanye iimeko ngeendlela zokuziqambela,okanye ngendlela engaqhelekanga,nto leyo ebonisa ubuchule balowo ucingayo

ukufanisa izinto ezimbini ezingafaniyo – kuxa umntu efanisa xa echaza izinto ezimbini ezidlangokufunyanwa zahlukile, umz:- utitshala xa efundisa aze athelekise ngendlela efanayo intliziyo yomntuempompa igazi kunye nempompo empompa amanzi

ukufumana intsingiselo – xa usebenza ngeetekisi nokuba zezaluphi na uhlobo, umzekelo, ezibhaliweyookanye ezibonwayo, kufuneka ukwazi ukuqonda nokuveza intsingiselo yazo ukwenzela ukuba ukwaziukuzisebenzisa ngempumelelo, xa utolika intsingiselo equlethweyo

ukufumana inxalenye – kubhekiswa kumfundi ongaphumelelanga ncam, ofumene ezinye iziphumo, ingezizozonke (igama inxalenye lithetha ezinye – hayi zonke)

ukufunda ngokukhawuleza ungacoseleli – kukufunda itekisi ukhawulezisa, usenzela nje ukufumana ukubaingantoni na umz:- ukufunda izihloko kwiphepha-ndaba ukhangela ukuba zithini iindaba eziphambili

ukugqibelela – eli gama lisetyenziswe kwimeko yokubonisa umntu ocingayo phambi kokuba asebenziseulwimi, alusebenzise ngokufezekileyo

ukuhambelana nonxibelelwano olusetyenziswe ngobuchule – kubhekiswa kwindlela enokuthi imihlathiilandelelane ngobuchule bokuqiqisisa; obo buchule bunento yokwenza nokulandelelana kwezimvo, nto leyoeyenza intsingiselo evakala kamnandi kofundayo, nophulaphuleyo; imihlathi enjalo ibonisa ulandelelwanolwezimvo, apho izivakalisi zilandelelana ngobuchule obukhulu


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ukuhlekisa ngokusebenzisa ulinganiso – xa kuhlekiswa ngomntu othile ngendlela yokusebenzisa indlelaebhanxayo; kunokusetyenziswa umfanekiso obonisa iimpawu zakhe eziphuhlileyo, ngendlela ebaxayo, kubakufunwa ukuhlekisa okanye ukubhanxa ngaye

ukuhlela – kukulungisa iziphene zegrama, zosetyenziso lolwimi, ukulungisa iziphene kupelo njalo njalo,kusenzelwa ukuba okubhaliweyo kufundeke kakuhle; xa kuhlelwa ke, umhleli kufuneka ajonge nolandelelwanolwezimvo, neemeko zezivakalisi, kunye nemihlathi

ukuhlola – yinkqubo yokuqokelela ulwazi oluthile malunga nesakhono somfundi kumsebenzi awenzayo; okukungenziwa rhoqo, kusetyenziswa iindlela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhlola

ukuhlolwa kwezidingo – olu hlobo lokuhlola lwenzelwa ukujonga ukuba ziintoni na iingxaki ezisendleleniyokuphumelela komfundi; akube ke utitshala ezifumene ezi ngxaki, uyakwazi ukuza namacebo afanelekileyo

ukuhlola okushwankathelayo – olu ke lona uhlobo lokuhlola lunika ingxelo eshwankathelweyo, nebonisaubuchule obugqibeleleyo asele enabo umfundi, kumsebenzi aselewunikiwe, emva kwekota, isiqingatha sonyakaokanye ekupheleni konyaka; okubalulekileyo kukuba akufuneki kunikwe uhlobo olunye lwendlela yokuhlola,aze ke abe selegwetywa ngalo umfundi

ukuhlola okusisiseko – kubalulekile ukuba phambi kokuba abafundi bafundiswe, khe kuhlolwe ukuba yintonina asele beyazi, beyazi kangakanani na loo nto; utitshala ke emva koku uyakwazi ukuqhuba nezifundo zakhe

ukuhlola okwakhayo – xa kumane kusenziwa olu hlobo lokuhlola ngutitshala, sukube ejonge ekufumaneniinkqubela phambili yomfundi; akulindwa de ube mninzi umsebenzi, ze kunikwe uvavanyo emva koko; kuyekunikwe nengxelo ngohlobo olwakhayo, nolungamtyhafisiyo umfundi

ukukrwaqula ukhawulezisa – kuxa ubani ebalekisa amehlo xa efunda nokuba yitekisi mhlawumbi, esenzelanje ukufumana ulwazi oluthile, umz:- ukubalekisa nje amehlo ujonga igama elithile nenombolo yemfonomfonoyomntu, okanye ukufumana ixesha emka ngalo ibhasi okanye uloliwe, xa ukrwaqula isicwangcisi-maxeshasenkampani yeebhasi

ukulawula ulwimi – kuxa umfundi esebenzisa ubuchule bokwazi ukuba makasebenzise liphina igama, nini,njani, kuba kutheni

ukulungelelanisa (intetho) – kukumisa kakuhle intetho yakho ngokulandelelanisa izimvo

ukubumbana/ukunamathelana/ukuyondelelana – kukho izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo ukuphuhlisauyondelelwano phakathi kwezivakalisi, xa kusakhiwa imihlathi okanye iziqwenga; ezi zizixhobo ezifananezimelabizo okanye amagama anokuphindaphinda into ethethwayo ngeendlela ngeendlela, umz:- Umntwanawesikolo uwenze kakuhle umsebenzi wakhe. Lo mntwana kucacile ukuba uzimisele. U- lo mntwana usabhekisakwisibizo esisekuqaleni u-umntwana, encedisa ukwenza olu nxibelelwano ngesiya sikhombisi u-lo

ukundyondyisa emva ngabom – apha ke sukube ingaba bavezwe mfiliba abadlali xa sibukele nokuba yifilim;bavezwa mfiliba ngemva kuba sukuba bengabalulekanga ngelo xesha ngokwesiganeko sebali; sithi kebasandyondya emva belinde elabo ithuba lokuba bagqame; ukundyondya kukulinda ndaweni ithile, ulindeleelakho ithuba; nebhasi le xa umqhubi esayenza shushu, igquma kuhle sithi iyandyondya

ukunkqenkqezisa phambili ngabom – xa sijonge umdlalo kamabonakude, siye sibone kukho abantu kuloomboniso abavezwe mfiliba, ze kubekho aba bagqamileyo; aba bacacileyo ke ngabo umbhali abankqenkqezisa(ababalekisa) phambili ngabom, kuba kufuneka amehlo ethu abone bona, kuba iziganeko sukube zingqamene(zijongene) nabo. (La magama ukundyondyisa nokunkqenkqezisa, anokusetyenziswa naxa sibhekisa kwiziganeko)

ukunonga – kukwenza mnandi, njengaxa usebenzisa izaci namaqhalo, njalo njalo

ukunqaphaza – ukungayenzi/ukungenzeki kwento ngendlela exhaphakileyo

ukuphaphamisa into engaphefumliyo – kuxa kusenziwa abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezisemfanekisweni zibengathi ziyashukuma

ukuqalisa – kuxa ubani inguye oqala into, njengencoko, baze abanye babhekise phambili

ukuqola (ukufreyima) – kuxa utyhola umntu, umbekela izabatha, athi engenzanga nto atyholwe kuthiwe nguye

ukuqonda okunzulu – yindlela athi ubani acazulule ngayo indlela intsingiselo yegama eyakhiwe ngayo; aphakufuneka umfundi aqonde indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngayo, kwakunye namandla alo; obu bunzulubolwimi bumenza ukuba umfundi amelane nokuqhathwa, ingakumbi kwizinto ezifana nezibhengezo; ude keumfundi ajonge indlela ulwimi olusetyenziswe ngononophelo ngayo

ukurekhodisha – emva kohlobo lokuhlola ngalunye, kubalulekile ukuba utitshala azenzele amanqakwanaathile ngomfundi lowo

ukusebenzisa ulwimi kwintetho yemihla ngemihla – kuthethwa ukusebenzisa ulwimi njengaxa ubani ebulisa,eyalela umntu ukuba enze into, njalo njalo

ukusetyenziswa kwamagama athile ebhidaniswa – kuxa amagama ebufana ngendlela abhalwa ngayo, ze loonto idale ingxaki xa ubani ewasebenzisa

ukuthelekelela – kukufunda into, uze uzakhele olwakho uluvo usebenzisa intelekelelo

ukuthelekisa – kuxa uthelekisa izinto ezimbini ngeenjongo zokufumana umahluko

ukuthetha ngezandla/ngentloko – luhlobo lokuthetha/lokuqhagamshelana nomntu othile ngokusebenzisaizandla okanye unqwale nje intloko xa ubonisa ukuba uyavuma

uluvo lwakho – yindlela ubani azithatha ngayo izintoulwimi lwasekhaya – olu lulwimi abantwana abalufunda ekhaya besakhula, belufunda ngokulinganisa; olu


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lulwimi abafunda ngalo ukucinga; ulwimi lwasekhaya lomfundi ongumXhosa sisiXhosa

ulwimi lwempawu – kubhekiswa kwindlela esetyenziswayo yokuthetha okanye yokuqhagamshelana nabobangevayo nabangakwazi kuthetha, umzekelo sikhe sibone nakoomabonakude kule mihla kukho umntuosebenzisa izandla zakhe ukuze nalowo ungevayo eve ngokubona

ulwimi olunongiweyo – ukunonga kukwenza mnandi into. Xa kusithiwa ke ulwimi lunongiwe kuthethwaukuba lwemziwe lwafundeka kamnandi ngenxa yamagama nezafobe ezisetyenzisiweyo

ulwimi oluchukumisayo – lulwimi olusetyenziswe ngendlela apha ebanga usizi, de ubani azive enosizi efunaukulila, abe novakalelo

ulwimi olongezelelweyo – kuthethwa ngolwimi olunokufundwa ngumfundi esongeza kolo lwakhe lwasekhaya, umz:- umfundi olwimi lwakhe lusisiXhosa afunde isiNgesi esongeza kwisiXhosa

ulwimi oluqhathayo – kuxa ubani esebenzisa ulwimi oluthile ngendlela yokuqhatha umntu, ezama mhlawumbiukumphembelela ukuba makawele kweli lakhe icala; umzekelo uyafumaneka kwizibhengezo, aphokusetyenziswa ulwimi olunobuqhetseba ngamanye amaxesha; umz:- Thenga nazi izisulu, zikho namhlanjekuphela. (zibe phofu ezo zisulu ziseza kubakho nangezinye iintsuku)

ulwimi olusetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngolunye ulwimi – kukho isigama esisetyenziswayo xa sithethangolwimi; oku kubandakanya isigama esifana nala magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abafundisa ulwimi:“imeko”, “isimbo sombhali”, “isakhiwo sebali”, “ingxoxo” nesinye isigama

ulwimi oluthethwa ngabantu abathile – la ngamagama, okanye isimbo, igrama okanye indlela ubani alinyusa ngayoilizwi; la magama asetyenziswa ngabantu abathile, okanye ababhali abathile kwiimeko okanye iimeko ezahlukeneyo,umz:- xa kubhalwa ileta yobuhlobo okanye yasebuRhulumenteni, ulwimi olusetyenziswayo alufani; kanti naxa uthethanomntu omdala kunawe, awusebenzisi lwimi lunye njengaxa uthetha nontanga wakho

umabizwafane – ligama elibizwa, lipelwe ngokufana nelinye, kodwa libe lahlukile ngentsingiselo umz:- idolo,eli siguqa ngalo; idolo eliligobe kwindlela yemoto

umatshini wokubonisa umboniso bhanya-bhanya – izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa umbonisobhanya-bhanya, njengokukhanya okanye uhlobo lokufota oluthile

umbhalo-ngcaciso – ngokwalo mxholo umbhalo-ngcaciso ngamaganyana/yinkcazelo ezizivakalisi ezidlangokubhalwa, mhlawumbi kumdlalo apho wenziwa ngolunye ulwimi ekuqondwayo ukuba abanye abantuabaluva/abaluqondi; kudla ngokuvela kuphela ezo zivakalisi/magama, mhlawumbi abhalwe ngesiNgesi akuzenabanye abantu bawulandele umdlalo

umbuzo-buciko – luhlobo lombuzo olungalindeli mpendulo xa lubuzwa; kwenzelwa nje ukugxininisa. umz:-Nithi ndihlalele ni ndingafi nje?umfanekiso-ntelekelelo – kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama adala imifanekiso ezingqondweni zethu


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njengokusebenzisa izifaniso, izikweko, izimntwisi namanye amagama adala umfanekiso engqondweni yomntu

umgqalisela – xa kusithiwa unomgqalisela wento kuthethwa ukuba uyijonge ngemehlo elibukhali neliqaphelayo,umz:- umfundi kufuneka xa efunda, abe nomgqalisela wezinto ezithile ukuze akulandele akufundayo, aze athi naxaehlolwa akukhumbule abekufundile nabekubonile; makaqwalasele, aqaphele ke lilonke

umngqungqo – kuxa kukho amagama afanayo okanye imiqolo efanayo; ingazizikhamiso, kungenjaloamaqabane, okanye igama; le nto idla ngokwenzeka ekuqaleni okanye ekupheleni komqolo, okanye kumanakuphindwa igama okanye umqolo othile; yonke le nto yenza isandi somngqungqo

umqobo – yinto ethintela ukuba ubani akwazi ukwenza into, umz:- ulwimi lungangumqobo osendleleni yomntu xaabantu bolo lwimi bethetha wena ungeva, okanye umfundi ongalulandeliyo ulwimi lokufunda nokufundisa angazibonaengaqhubi kakuhle kwizifundo zakhe, ngaloo ndlela lungumqobo endleleni yakhe eya kwimpumelelo yakhe

umqondiso/isimboli – yinto esetyenziswa imele into ethile, umz:- ihobe ngumqondiso woxolo

umtsalane – yinto eyenza umdla kulowo ubukeleyo, iyakutsala ke ngamanye amazwi

umtsalane othambekele ecaleni – le yindlela athi ubani abonakalise ukuba nomkhethe wento ethile,yingcingane, kungenjalo uluvo oluthile, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuveza isigqibo esifanelekileyonesanelisayo ngento ethile

unxibelelwano ngeendlela ngeendlela – zezi tekisi* ziyimizobo ziqulethe imiyalezo, ezifana neefilim,imifanekiso, iikhathuni, imizobo, njalo njalo

uphindaphindo lwezandi ezifanayo – kwizibongo kunokuphindaphindwa izandi ezifanayo, nokubangamaqabane okanye izikhamiso, umz:- Iqaqa liziqikaqika kuqaqaqa

usetyenziso lwamagama amaninzi angeyomfuneko – kuxa kusetyenziswa amagama,iziqwengana okanyeizivakalisi ebezinokushiywa, ukuze ke naxa sezide zashiywa, kuye kungabikho nto ivakalayo

uvumephika – kukusetyenziswa kwezimvo ezimbini ezichaseneyo, njengaxa kusithiwa: Akamhle ngako lomntwana, kube kuthethwa ukuba mhle

uvuthondaba – kuxa kufikelelwe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ebalini, nqanaba elo lonwabisayo, liphuhlisayo,nelibalulekileyo; apha sukube kungekho kubuya ngamva ebalini

uqukaniso – kule mfundo yale mihla kufuneka imfundo ifikeleleke kuye wonke ubani; bubakho ubuncinanebokufuneka kuphunyelelwe, obucaciswayo, bubhekisa kubo bonke abafundi, khon’ukuze abo bafundibaneemfuno ezizodwa malunga nangokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni babe nabo bayabandakanyeka, futhikule mfundo kugxininiswa ekubeni bangacalucalulwa bafundiswe bodwa


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