JSC History Week 4 Session 1 The Rise of theSamurai

Doyoung ParkOsaka Gakuin University

Progress of Presentations

Topics Progress

Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

Akira Kurosawa’s the Seven Samurai

Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

Takuya Kimura’s Bushi no Ichibun( 武士の一分 )

武士の一分

Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

Video Game, Sengoku Muso

Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

Samurai, the Icon of Japanese Culture

Samurai Impacts

Samurai Impacts

Samurai Spirit

Nitobe Inazo( 新渡戸稲造：1862-1933)

Author, Educator, Politician Bushido – The Soul of

Japan (1990) “Moral manner of ruling

class” “Honor and fair play” “Loyalty and braveness”

Samurai Spirit

Ruth Benedict (1887-1948) American anthropologist The Chrysanthemum and the S

word “ Japan has a 'shame' cultur

e, whose emphasis is on how one's moral conduct appear to outsider in contradistinction to America's (Christian) 'guilt' culture, in which the emphasis is on individual's internal conscience. “

Truths and myths of Samurai

Complicated behaviors Death for honor among friends Stealing heads Changing affiliation for better contracts Run out on a debt from merchants

When the Last Sword Is Drawn

Why Samurai?

The population of samurai 7-10% Samurai was a ruling class in Japan The trend of the ruling class

culture is pursued by commoners The concept of lady and gentleman

The First Military Government

The First Military Government

Emperor, Shirakawa( 白川天皇 : 1053-1129) Recruited the Taira clan ( 平氏 ) for military power Taira clan became high ranking officials Most powerful military and political group

Anti-Taira Clan Movements

One prince, Mochihitoo (1151-1180) fought Taira clan but got defeated

Anti-Taira clan groups arose

Minamoto no Yoritomo

源頼朝（ 1147-1199) Military leader in izu Gathered samurai in the

Kanto area Settled down at Kamak

ura The Master of Kamakur

a

The Location of Kamakura

Minamoto no Yoshinaka

源義仲 1154-1184 Warlord of Shinano Defeated the Taira

clan at Kyoto Occupied Kyoto Tried to replace the

emperor

Trade between the emperor and Minamoto no Yoritomo

Enter Kyoto to resist Minamoto no Yoshinaka Minamoto no Yoritomo asked for the area of

Tokaido Opened the war against the Taira clan Destroyed the Taira in 1185 Grasped the actual power of military and

governance The beginning of the Kamakura shogunate Tension between Kyoto and Kamakura

Kamakura Shogunate and Zen Buddhism

Zen, a new Buddhism Suppressed by old schools Expelled from Kyoto Needed political patronage

Kamakura needed cultural and intellectual supports Zen monks: Chinese literature and Neo-Confucian

knowledge Pool of manpower for the shogunate

Zen Buddhism successfully returned to Kyoto With the support from the Kamakura shogunate

Kamakura and Yuen Dynasty

Kublai Khan of the Mongol empire Conquered Korea and attacked Kyushu area,

Japan Japanese army defeated Mongol army

Conventional theory Typhoon season – Kamikaze ( 神風 )

The other theory Mongolian army was scouting unit

Cooperation of the shogunate and the imperial court National-wide influence of the shogunate

Anti-Kamakura Movement

Godaigo emperor ( 後醍醐天皇 1288-1339) Planned to locate the emperor at the center of power Conflicted with the Kamakura shogunate

Issue of the crown prince Exiled for the anti-shogunate plan

Anti-Kamakura Movement

Anti-Kamakura mood from local warlords The Kamakura shogunate dispatched the

Ashikaga to Kyoto The Ashikaga( 足利 ) betrayed the shogunate The end of the Kamakura shogunate Godaigo emperor returned to Kyoto The Muromachi shogunate ( 室町幕府： 1336-

1573)

Sengoku- 戦国時代

Onin War 1467 Weakend influence of the shogunate The rise of local warlords

Oda Nobunaga expelled the shogun from Kyoto 1573

Beginning of Civil War