kingdom protozoa
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Kingdom Protozoa1
The Protozoans
Ciliates
Amoeboid Protozoans
Flagellated Protozoans
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Kingdom Protozoa2
Kingdom Protozoa
Defining Characteristics
All are unicellular eukaryotes What is a prokaryote?
Many species are both heterotrophic and
autotrophicsimultaneously or at different stages of
the lifecycle
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Eukaryote Cell
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Prokaryote Cell
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Adaptability
Protozoans are ecologically important primary
producers, consumers and as ital lin!s in thefood chain
"umans are greatly effected by parasitic
protozoans either directly or indirectly
#ffects range from irritating $ fatalMalaria %Plasmodium spp.& 'orld'ide epidemic
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Reproduction
Ase(ual reproduction
)eplication of chromosomes and the splitting of theparent into t'o or more parts *inary fission
Multiple fission
*uddingProtozoans are problematic in their
associations as colonial forms
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Asexual Reproduction
Amoeba
CiliateFlagellate
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Classification
+ingdom Protozoa
Phylum Ciliophora %Ciliates&
he -arcodinids %Amoeboid
Protozoans&
Phylum Foraminifera
Phylum )adiozoa
he Flagellated Protozoans
Phytoflagellated protozoans
.ooflagellated protozoans
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Phylum Ciliophora
Defining characteristics
*ody e(ternally ciliated in atleast some lifecycle stages
"ae the highest degree of
subcellular specialization
and are consideredadanced protozoans
Parameciumfece
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Cilia
Cilia
"air$li!e structures by'hich the organism
moes, collects food
and senses their
surroundings
Fastest of all the
protozoans
Cilia tructure
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Ciliate Biology
Oral grooe
Cytostome
Cytoproct
Contractile acuole
Paramecium
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Ciliate !ifestyles
/01 of all ciliatespecies are free$liing
and mobile -ome ciliates form
colonial aggregationsand hae sessile habits
2ther ciliates haesymbiotic relationshipsin inertebrates andertebrates
Vorticella
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Phagocytosis
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Amebas and 'umans
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Phylum %oraminifera
Defining
characteristics 5ndiiduals secrete
multi$chamberedtests, generally
made of calciumcarbonate %CaCo6&
Foram% tet
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%oraminiferans
#(tremely abundant, most are benthic andmarine
Feed on diatoms and algae, ery slo' moers2rganisms are e(tremely common and form
ooze
White cliffs of Doer are foraminiferan tests
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Phylum Radiozoa
Defining characteristics
*ody is diided into distinctzones separated by aperforated membrane orcapsule
"ae pseudopodia
supported 'ith thinmicrotubules that gie aspiny rayed appearance
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Radiolarians
"ae shells made of silicon dio(ide that
can be ery intricateFeed on diatoms and other phytoplan!ton*enthic indiiduals moe by use of
pseudopodia Can occur in large concentrations that formooze as 'ell
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Kingdom Protozoa2"
The %lagellated Protozoans
Characterized by the
possession of a
definite body shape
and the possession of
one or more flagella
Most species arefree$liing and mobile
Noctiluca
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Phytoflagellated Protozoans
"ae chlorophyll and obtain energy directly
from the sunlight-ome are strictly autotrophic or heterotrophic
-ome are a combination of both
*oth the Euglenaand the dinoflagellates are
e(amples of phytoflagellated protozoans
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(inoflagellates
+no' for bioluminescence and highly to(ic redtides Dense aggregations produce sa(ito(in !illing fish and
crustaceans
Also contaminates shellfish causing diarrheicshellfish poisoning
-ome benthic dinoflagellates produce aneuroto(in that accumulates in tropical fish calledCiguatera
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Kingdom Protozoa2#
Phytoflagellated Protozoans
Noctiluca
Euglena
Ceratium
Chlamydomonas
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Kingdom Protozoa2$
)ooflagellated Protozoans
Free$liing forms Most indiiduals are sessile and hae a single flagellum
that beats to obtain food and nutrients
Parasitic forms 701 of zooflagellate spp8 are parasitic in humans,
inertebrates, and other ertebrates
9sually hae comple( lifecycles 'ith intermediate hosts Malaria is caused by the genus Plasmodium technically
a member of the phylum -porozoa
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)ooflagellated Protozoans
C&oanoflagellate
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'alaria (Plasmodium)