konstruksi sutm.ppt
DESCRIPTION
kontruksi SUTM PLNTRANSCRIPT
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KONSTRUKSI KONSTRUKSI SALURAN UDARA SALURAN UDARA
TEGANGAN TEGANGAN MENEGAH (SUTM)MENEGAH (SUTM)
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1. KETENTUAN-KETENTUAN MELAKSANAKAN KONSTRUKSI SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN MENENGAH
(PUIL 2000)
1.1. Penghantar udara telanjang yang di pasang, direntangkan diatas tiang penyangga dengan isolator penunjang.
1.2. Persilangan saluran udara dengan saluran telekomunikasi dengan jarak :
• Penghantar telanjang berjarak 1 meter, bersilangan 1 meter.• Penghantar berisolasi berjajar 1 meter, bersilangan 1 meter.
1.3. Pemasangan saluran udara TM dengan saluran telekomunikasi harus lebih besar dari jarak 2,5 meter.
1.4. Pemasangan pada satu tiang saluran udara TM dengan saluran udara TR (underbuilt) pada setiap 3 tiang harus di pasang penghantar pembumian yang dihubungkan dengan penghantar netral.Contoh : Lihat standard konstruksi PT. PLN (Persero).
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Lanjutan 1.4.
1.5. Jarak aman saluran udara terhadap bagian yang terhubung dengan bumi adalah minimum 5 cm + 2/3 x kV sistem.
Contoh : 5 cm + 2/3 x 24 kV = 5 cm + 16 cm = 21 cm.
(Pada tabel 4.131 PUIL tercantum 60 cm untuk tegangan kerja 20 kV). Namun jarak aman saluran pada lingkungan umum ditentukan juga oleh pemerintah daerah.
Contoh : lihat ROW pada standard konstruksi PT. PLN (Persero).
1.6. Jarak antara 2 penghantar saluran udara TM (20 kV) minimal 60 cm.
1.7. Jarak minimum lendutan penghantar terhadap tanah adalah 6 meter.
(menurut PUIL-2000, cukup 5 meter).
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2. HANTARAN DAN PEMASANGAN SALURAN UDARA.
2.1. Penghantar udara yang dipakai adalah dari jenis-jenis :• Hantaran tak berisolasi : A2C, ABC, ACSR.• Hantaran kabel :
- Kabel pilin TM.- Kabel inti tunggal (full atau halfinsulated)
Dengan ukuran : 25 mm², 50 mm², 70mm², 120 mm², 150mm², 187, 5 mm², 240 mm².
Lihat tabel (7.1-7, 7.1-8, 7.1-9, 7.1-10, PUIL 2000)2.2. Tiang yang dipakai adalah dari jenis tiang besi, tower, beton dengan
ukuran panjang 11 m, 12 m, 13 m, 15 m dan dengan kekuatan 350 daN, 500 daN, 800 daN.
2.3. Isolator yang dipakai adalah :• Jenis penopang PIN/PIN post/ post isolator untuk tiang tengah.• Jenis isolator penegang, umbrella tipe/model payung-piring atau
long rod non puncher.• Jenis TOEI isolator untuk kawat penegang (guy wire).
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Lanjutan 2.3.
2.4. Arrester yang dipakai adalah :• Type 5KA untuk pemasangan pada tiang tengah.• Type 10 KA untuk pemasangan pada tiang akhir kawat.
2.5. Penghantar pentanahan, memakai kawat tembaga tak berisolasi minimal ukuran 35 mm² dengan elektoda batang minimal 3 meter.
2.6. Peralatan bantu lain :• Bending wire/preformed.• Stainless steelstrap.• Uclamp, sengkang.• Link.• Mur baut galbanized
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3. KONSTRUKSI TIANG
3.1. Tiang ditanam sedalam 1/6 X tinggi tiang3.2. Pemilihan kekuatan tiang
Besarnya kekuatan tiang dipilih berdasarkan :• Luas penampang hantaran.• Sistem jaringan ( 1 fasa, 3 fasa)• Sudut belokan hantaran• Fungsi tiang (misalnya tiang seksi)
Besarnya kekuatan tiang didasarkan atas temperatur maksimum hantaran, tanpa hembusan anginTabel terlampir memberikan tuntunan pemilikan besarnya kekuatan tiang.
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Lanjutan 3.2.Lanjutan 3.2.
SUDUTPemilihan Kekuatan Tiang UjungPemilihan Kekuatan Tiang UjungJaring Distribusi Tegangan MenengahJaring Distribusi Tegangan Menengah
JARAK JARAK GAWANGGAWANG
SUDUT SUDUT JALURJALUR
PENGHANTAPENGHANTAR A3CR A3C
PENGHANTAPENGHANTAR TWISTED R TWISTED
JTRJTR
UKURAN TIANG (daN)UKURAN TIANG (daN) GUY GUY WIREWIRE
KETERANKETERANGANGAN200200 350350 500500 800800 2X8002X800 12001200
50 M50 M 00 - 15 - 15 35 mm235 mm2 XX XX
1515 - 30 - 30 35 mm235 mm2 XX XX
3030 - 60 - 60 35 mm235 mm2 XX XX
> 60> 60 35 mm235 mm2 XX XX XX
00 - 15 - 15 70 mm270 mm2 XX XX
1515 - 30 - 30 70 mm270 mm2 XX XX
3030 - 60 - 60 70 mm270 mm2 XX XX
> 60> 60 70 mm270 mm2 XX XX XX
00 - 15 - 15 150 mm2150 mm2 XX XX
1515 - 30 - 30 150 mm2150 mm2 XX XX
3030 - 60 - 60 150 mm2150 mm2 XX XX XX
> 60> 60 150 mm2150 mm2 XX XX XX
00 - 15 - 15 240 mm2240 mm2 XX XX
1515 - 30 - 30 240 mm2240 mm2 XX XX
3030 - 60 - 60 240 mm2240 mm2 XX XX XX
> 60> 60 240 mm2240 mm2 XX XX XX
00 - 15 - 15 Double Double -- XX
1515 - 30 - 30 Circuit Circuit -- XX
3030 - 60 - 60 150 mm2 150 mm2 -- XX XX
> 60> 60 -- XX XX
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Lanjutan 3.2.Lanjutan 3.2.
3.3. Kekuatan tiang seksi.
Apabila terjadi perubahan luas penghantar pada satu tiang maka besarnya tiang yang dipilih, dihitung dengan cara perbedaan kekuatan tiang, diasumsikan berfungsi sebagai tiang awal masing-masing penghantar.
Contoh :
Penampang A3C 3 x 150 mm² bertemu dengan A3C 3 x 35 mm², Jarak gawang 40 meter. Berapa kekuatan tiang seksi tersebut.
Jawab :
Tiang awal A3C 3 x 150 mm2 = 2 x 800 daN
Tiang awal A3C 3 x 35 mm2 = 800 daN
Beda kekuatan 800 daN
Dipilih besar kekuatan tiang seksi 800 daN.
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4. SAGGING (LENDUTAN) DARI JARAK GAWANG4. SAGGING (LENDUTAN) DARI JARAK GAWANG
4.1. Lendutan atau sagging menentukan besarnya kekuatan tarik tiang
khususnya tiang ujung.
4.2. Perhitungan sederhana besarnya lendutan / sagging adalah :
40 cm untuk jarak gawang 40 meter
60 cm untuk jarak gawang 50 meter
85 cm untuk jarak gawang 60 meter
dengan catatan
Temperatur 20 C
Kekuatan angin 50 km/jam
Angka keamanan 2
4.3. Untuk kekuatan tiang sebagai fungsi sagging dan jarak gawang dapat
dilihat pada tabel lembar berikut.
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5. KONSTRUKSI PEMASANGAN ISOLATOR5. KONSTRUKSI PEMASANGAN ISOLATOR
5.1. Untuk tiang lurus (line pole), memakai satu isolator Pin atau sejenis.
5.2. Untuk tiang sudut 0 – 15, memakai satu isolator Pin atau sejenis
5.3. Untuk tiang sudut 15 – 30 memakai dua isolator Pin atau sejenis.
5.4. Untuk tiang sudut diatas 30 memakai dua isolator tarik dengan cross
arm minimal panjang 2200 cm.
5.5. Untuk pemakaian isolator jenis post insulator, dapat dipakai dengan
sudut sampai dengan 15, lebih besar dari 15 memakai 2 isolator tarik
(hang isolator).
Contoh lihat gambar konfigurasi standard konstruksi PT. PLN (Persero)
pada halaman lain
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6. KONSTRUKSI ELEKTRODA PEMBUMIAN6. KONSTRUKSI ELEKTRODA PEMBUMIAN
6.1. Elektroda pembumian ditanam 0,3 meter dari titik tanam tiang atau dari
sisi luar fondasi.
6.2. Terminal sambungan dengan penghantar pembumian disambung 0,2
meter dibawah permukaan tanah.
6.3. Sambungan dilakukan dengan mur baut anti korosif / anti karat.
contoh :
Standard SUTM PT. PLN (Persero) setempat.
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7. PALANG SANGGA ( CROSSARM, TRAVERS), DENGAN UKURAN TERTENTU
Contoh : Panjang 240 cm untuk tiang sudut.Panjang 180 cm untuk tiang tengah lurus.
Material harus terbuat dari metal UNP 8, 15 dan digalvanisir.
Contoh konstruksi PT. PLN (Persero) pada gambar lampiran
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8. IKATAN ISOLATOR PADA HANTARAN8. IKATAN ISOLATOR PADA HANTARAN
8.1. Hantaran diikat dengan isolator memakai bending wire (A3C)
atau preformed.
Panjang minimum bending wire ± 2 meter.
8.2. Agar diperhatikan tata cara mengikatnya.
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9. GUY WIRE (TREKSKUR) ATAU KAWAT PENARIK9. GUY WIRE (TREKSKUR) ATAU KAWAT PENARIK
9.1. Guy wire dirancang untuk memungkinkan pemakaian tiang akhir dengan
kekuatan yang kecil, sejauh ruang batas memungkinkan.
9.2. Guy wire terbuat dari kawat baja anti karat jenis “stranded steel wire”,
dengan ukuran minimal 90 mm²9.3. Dengan memakai guy wire, besar kuat tarik tiang akhir dapat dipilih
seminimal mungkin.
contoh :
Konstruksi guy wire standard konstruksi PT. PLN (Persero).
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10. KONSTRUKSI POLE TOP SWITCH10. KONSTRUKSI POLE TOP SWITCH
Pole top switch memakai tiang 2 x 500 daN atau 800 daN atau
2 x 800 daN, jika berfungsi sebagai tiang seksi.
Contoh : Lihat konstruksi pole top switch standard konstruksi
PT. PLN (Persero).
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11. KONSTRUKSI ARRESTER11. KONSTRUKSI ARRESTER
11.1. Arus pengenal Arrester pada tiang ujung, memakai
arrester 10 kA.
11.2. Arus pengenal pada tiang tengah, memakai arrester 5 KA
(lihat konstruksi Arrester standard konstruksi PT. PLN (Persero).
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12. KONSTRUKSI CUT OUT FUSED12. KONSTRUKSI CUT OUT FUSED
Cut Out Fused mempunyai fungsi ganda menurut sistem jaringan
yang dianut baik sebagai pengaman hubung tanah satu fasa atau
sebagai pengaman hubung singkat pada gardu.
Contoh : Lihat konstruksi cut out fused sebagai
pengaman jaringan PT. PLN (Persero) Distribusi
Jawa Tengah
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13. KONSTRUKSI KAWAT TANAH (EARTH WIRE)13. KONSTRUKSI KAWAT TANAH (EARTH WIRE)
Konstruksi kawat tanah dipakai di daerah Jawa Timur, dipasang di
atas penghantar fasa
Contoh lihat konstruksi hantaran udara tegangan menengah PT.
PLN (Persero) Distribusi Jawa Timur.
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14. KONSTRUKSI SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN 14. KONSTRUKSI SALURAN UDARA TEGANGAN MENENGAH SISTEM MULTI GROUNDED 3 FASA – 4 KAWATMENENGAH SISTEM MULTI GROUNDED 3 FASA – 4 KAWAT
14.1. Konstruksi sistem 3 fasa – 4 kawat atau disebut pentanahan
netral bersama dipergunakan di daerah Jawa Tengah.
14.2. Saluran Tegangan Menengah mempunyai penghantar netral yang
dijadikan satu dengan penghantar netral sisi jaringan tegangan
rendah.
14.3. Konstruksi Saluran Udara sedikit berbeda dengan konstruksi 3
fasa – 3 kawat (di daerah DKI Jaya, Jabar, Jatim & Luar Jawa).
14.4. Contoh-contoh konstruksi untuk maksud-maksud sejenis dapat
dilihat pada standard konstruksi PT. PLN (Persero).
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15. KONSTRUKSI-KONSTRUKSI SETEMPAT15. KONSTRUKSI-KONSTRUKSI SETEMPAT
Pada beberapa daerah (Sumsel, Lampung, dll) pemakaian
konstruksi model atau ∆, masih ada.
Ketentuan pemakaiannya tergantung atas standard setempat
yang dipakai.
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STANDARD KONSTRUKSI STANDARD KONSTRUKSI & PERALATAN/ MATERIAL & PERALATAN/ MATERIAL
SUTM DKI JAYA & SUTM DKI JAYA & TANGERANGTANGERANG
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STANDARD STANDARD KONSTRUKSI SUTM KONSTRUKSI SUTM
JAWA TENGAHJAWA TENGAH
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STANDARD STANDARD PERALATAN SUTM PERALATAN SUTM
JAWA TENGAHJAWA TENGAH
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STANDARD STANDARD KONSTRUKSI SUTM KONSTRUKSI SUTM
JAWA TIMURJAWA TIMUR
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