krishna's bioeth report.pptx

8/20/2019 krishna's bioeth report.pptx

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MORAL ISSUE OF

ABORTIONBy: Krishna May Capino


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WHAT IS ABORTION?

Abortion is the expul

the m other’s w omb before i t is vi able.150,000 to 750,000 abortion every year 4,000 case

of abortion annually in Manila.


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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

PHILIPPINES ARTICLE II, SECTION 12 OF THE1986 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION

“The st ate recog nizes t he sa nctity of life a ndshall protect and strengthen the family as abasic a utonomous soci al- institution. It shall

equally protect the life of the m other a nd the l ifeof the unborn from conception”


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TYPES OF ABORTION

Natural Abortions/ Spontaneousor a ccidental abortion

The exp ulsion of the fetus t hrough natural or

accidental causesDirect or Intentional Abortion

Deliberately induced expulsion of a living fetusbefore i t has b ecome v iable

Therapeutic AbortionDeliberately induced expulsion of a living fetus i n

order to save t he m other from the d anger ofdeath brought on by pregnancy


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TYPES OF ABORTION

Eugenic Abortion/ Selective abortionor Abortion on fetal indication

This i s r ecommended in cases where certain defects

are d iscovered in the d eveloping fetus.Indirect Abortion

The r emoval of the fetus oc curs as se condary effectof a legitimate or l icit action, which is d irect and

primary o bject of the i ntention.


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METHODS OF ABORTION

Plants and Plants preparations

(e.g., Makabuhay, Essencia maravilosa)Physical Method

Massage a nd abdominal pressure are ap plied by the h ilot,or sometimes by the pr egnant woman herself.

Insertion of cathetersWoman have been k nown to insert hangers, brooms, walis

tingtingDilation and Curettage

Usually, this is done with women who had already beganthe a bortion, in which case i t is c alled completioncurettage.Menstrual Regulation (MR)

This i nvolves t he u se of suction or va cuum aspiration toterminate a very ea rly p regnancy


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METHODS OF ABORTION

DrugsThese i nclude m edicines s uch as qu inine, an anti-

malarial; methylergometrin, a uterine st imulantand methotrexate, an anti-cancer drugBricanyl (terbutaline) is p ercei ved as a nabortifacient in large dosesMisoprostol (cytotec) is a ctually a drug used toprevent ulcers bu t has ab ortion as a si de eff ect.

Another drug calegal in china and few European countries.


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METHODS OF ABORTION

Salt poisoning A needle i

and 50-250 m l of amniotic is withdrawn andreplaced with a solution of concentrated salt.Hysterotomy

Incisions are m ade in the abd omen and uterus. Thebaby, placenta and amniotic uid sac are r emoved


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WHEN IS THE EMBRYO SUFFICIENTLYORGANIZED OR CONSTITUTED TO RECEIVE THEINTELLECTUAL PRINCIPLE OR SOUL?

Implantation- First, ensoulment occurs a t implantation.This is the t ime when the embryo goes down from

the fallopian tube t owards the u terus andburrows itself in the en dometrium or uterinewall.

- According to this v iew, any interference orprevention of implantation is m orally permissibleand justiable i n cases of conception caused byrape or i ncest


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Unity and UniquenessSecond, Ensoulment occurs when the unity an duniqueness of the f etus a re d enitely established.

At this t ime t he f etus h as a lready implanted itself in theendometrium (28-30days after conception)In this v iew, abortion at this st age o f fetal development isno longer permissible.

“Looks” humanThird, ensoulment occurs when the fetus already lookshuman.

It seems t hat the i nfusion of the sp iritual soul into t he

embryo h appens w hen “nostrils” of the fetus ar ecomplete, which appear from the 6t hweek to the 7t hweekof fetal development.

- According t o t his view ensoulment takes place d uring t he5wk & 6wk of fetal development, when the fetus alreadylooks h uman. Early abortion is pe rmissible


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Electrical ActivityFourth, ensoulment occurs when electrical impulses oractivities a re rst detectable f rom the b rain, around the8wk of pregnancy.

Inasmuch as b rain activity is t he b asis of intellectual soulis i nfused into the fetus.In this v iew, abortion would not imply killing beforeelectrical impulses a re d etectable, only afterwardsQuickening or S tirring of lifeFifth, ensoulment takes place when the m other can feelthe s pontaneous movements of the fetus during 10wk to12wk of pregnancy.

Aristotfetus. Following this v iew, some traditionalists a pprove ofabortion before quickening.


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ViabiliSixth, ensoulment occurs at viability

When the fetus i s c onsidered viable d uring 7 th mos.

The rea soning here i s t hat at this p oint, the f etus c ansurvive outside t he womb, and thus already h as independenthuman life. Therefore, once t he f etus i s c apable o f livingindependently of the m other, it must be r egarded as ahuman being an d m ust be pr otected as such.BirthSeventh, ensoulment occurs at birth, when the child hasbecome b iologically independent of his m other.

The e arly stoics believed that the l enteredat birth , hencethe r oman jurists held that abortion was not murder.

- These v iews are ot necessarily based upon functualscientic information but are r epresentative o f worldviewsand ethical perceptions w hich are often of religious n ature,

involving deeply held commitments and moral consequences.


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Fertilization process- From all the vi ews of animation that have b een discussed

let us t ake t he sa fest one a s ou r p oint of reection:

The t heory of immediate h ominization, which claims thatensoulment occurs f rom conception. Conception is s aidto occur when the m ale sperm and the female egg orovum combine or unite in the ovi duct or fallopian tube.


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THREE GENERAL VIEWPOINTS OF ABORTION

Conservative positionDeclares t hat abortion is n ever p ermissible, or a t most, is

permissible i f and only if it is req uired to save the p regnantwoman’s l ife, as i n the ca se o f the rem oval of it, because o fectopic p regnancy.Liberal position

States t hat abortion is a lways p ermissible, whatever t he st ate o ffetal development may be.

A woman has r ight to control her own body as her personalproperty within the con text of the ri ght to sel f-determination.

The fetus, according to the liberals, has n o ontological status; itis neither an individual, human, nor a person but only a tissuein a woman’s u terus; therefore, it possess n o ri ghts a nd nomoral status. It is d isposable, especially in cases o f rape a ndincest


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Moderate positionHolds that abortion morally permissible up to certain stage

of fetal development, or f or s ome l imited set of reasonsufficient to justify to taking of life in this o r t hat specialcircumference.

krishna's bioeth report.pptx

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