l. n. gumilyov eurasian national university · ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ...

Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университеті Евразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева

L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University

ХАЛЫҚАРАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМИ- ТӘЖІРИБЕЛІК КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ, тақырыбы: «ЖАҺАНДАНУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗІРГІ ЭКОНОМИКА»

МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ НАУЧНО-ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ, на тему: «СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА В УСЛОВИЯХ

ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ»

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE, on the topic: « MODERN ECONOMY IN THE CONDITIONS OF

GLOBALIZATION »

Нұр-Сұлтан, 2019

УДК 330 ББК 65.01 С56 Современная экономика в условиях глобализации: сборник Международной научно-практической конференции / Евразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева – Нур-Султан , 2019.

В сборник включены доклады участников Пленарного и секционного заседания международной конференции. Тематика конференции посвящена проблемам современной экономики. Материалы сборника предназначены для ученых, практических работников, преподавателей вузов, докторантов, магистрантов

Редакционная коллегия:

А.Б.Майдырова д.э.н., профессор; Шалболова У. Ж. д.э.н., профессор; Рыспекова М. О., к.э.н., доцент; Шаяхметова Л. М. м.э.н., докторант.

ISBN 978-601-7308-07-0

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СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Natália Barinková

BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN SLOVAKIA AND KAZAKHSTAN IN IN THE CURRENT WORLD ECONOMY.............................. 12

Каштякова Элена ВЛИЯНИЕГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ НА СТРАТЕГИЮ ВНЕШНИХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ СЛОВЦКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ .................. 16

Marek Minárik ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND MODAL SPLIT IN THE TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS IN THE EU ......................................................................... 20

JOZEF ORGONÁŠ THE MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FRANCHISING .................................... 26

Andrea Chlebcová CURRENT IMPACT OF GEOECONOMIC CHANGES ON THE WESTERN BALKAN REGION .................................................................................................... 29

Луптакова Анабела БЕЛАРУСЬ - МЕЖДУ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИМ СОЮЗОМ И РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИЕЙ .......................................................................................................... 34

Агатаева А.А., Санаева Д. FINANCIAL POLICY OF KAZAKHSTAN AND ITALY ....................................... 38

Асанов Ұ.Ш. ТУРИЗМОЛОГИЯНЫҢ ҒЫЛЫМ РЕТІНДЕГІ МАҢЫЗЫ .................................. 43

Агатаева А.А., Аманғали Д.Қ. СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ФИНАНСОВЫХ ПОЛИТИК АВИАПЕРЕВОЗЧИКОВ .......................................................................................... 48

Агатаева А.А., Жайык С. ANALISYS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES ........................................................... 53

Агатаева А.А., Есенова А.К. АНАЛИЗ ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИОННЫХ КОМПАНИЙ ................................. 57

Жомартова Г.С. ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ, ПОВЫШАЮЩИЕ УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЗЕРНОВЫХ И КРУПЯНЫХ КУЛЬТУР ................................. 62

Рахимжанова Е.А. ФРАНЧАЙЗИНГ КАК НОВОЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РК ........................................................................ 66

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Сербаева А.К., Шамишева Н.К. ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ НЕГІЗІНДЕ БАСҚАРУШЫЛЫҚ ШЕШІМДЕРДІ ҚАБЫЛДАУ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯСЫНЫҢ МӘНІ ........................... 69

Несіпбай О.М. ШАҒЫН ЖӘНЕ ОРТА КӘСІПОРЫНДАҒЫ САЛЫҚТЫҚ ЕСЕП САЯСАТЫНЫҢ ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ АСПЕКТІЛЕРІ ................................................... 75

Шаймерденова Т.С., Сарсембаева Д.Б. МИГРАЦИЯ ТРУДОВОГО КАПИТАЛА .............................................................. 80

Мисник О.В. СИСТЕМА ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН ................................. 82

Шамишева Н.К., Есжан А.Н. ҚАЗІРГІ ЗАМАНҒЫ ӘЛЕМДЕГІ САЯСИ ЭЛИТАЛАР ЖӘНЕ ОЛАРДЫҢ ӘЛЕМДІК САЯСАТ ПЕН ЭКОНОМИКАДАҒЫ РӨЛІ ....................................... 87

Мухамедгалиева Н.Н., Мадиярова Э.С. ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫҢ БІЛІМ БЕРУ ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ .................................................................................. 90

Аққозы Б.Т. КӘСІПОРЫНДАРДЫҢ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫН СТРАТЕГИЯЛЫҚ БАСҚАРУ ................................................................................................................... 94

Досматқызы А. МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК БИЛІК ОРГАНДАРЫНЫҢ ҰЙЫМДЫҚ ҚҰРЫЛЫМЫН ТАЛДАУ ..................................................................................................................... 98

Жолжан Ә.М. ӨҢІРДІ СТРАТЕГИЯЛЫҚ БАСҚАРУ ӘДІСТЕМЕСІНІҢ ДАМУЫ ................ 104

Молдашова М. ӨҢІРДІҢ ӘЛЕУМЕТТІК-ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ДАМУЫН МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК РЕТТЕУ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ МЕН ФАКТОРЛАРЫ ............................................. 110

Нурекеш Ж.Қ. БАСҚАРУДЫҢ ҰЙЫМДЫҚ ҚҰРЫЛЫМЫНЫҢ МӘНІ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫҢ ҚАЛЫПТАСУЫНА ӘСЕР ЕТУШІ ФАКТОРЛАР .............................................. 116

Хасенова К.Қ., Бөрібекова М.Ж. АДАМИ КАПИТАЛ ТҮСІНІГІ ЖӘНЕ ОНЫҢ МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК БАСҚАРУДАҒЫ РӨЛІ ........................................................................................... 121

Шарафутдинова А.А., Аманжолов А.А. ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ҚАЗІРГІ КАДРЛЫҚ САЯСАТЫНДАҒЫ МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК ҚЫЗМЕТКЕР ИМИДЖІНІҢ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ ................................................. 126

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Антонова Н.М., Дюсемалиева Н.М. К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН ........................................................................................................... 131

Amerkhanova A.B., Murat A.A. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEORIES OF MOTIVATION IN WESTERN MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................... 135

Алибекова А.Б. FOREIGN MODELS OF INTER-BUDGET RELATIONS .................................... 139

Мұратова А.Ә., Мадиярова Э.С. ИНТЕРНЕТТЕГІ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ МАРКЕТИНГТІК СТРАТЕГИЯЛАР ҚҰРАЛДАРЫ .......................................................................................................... 145

Догалаков А.К., Уалиахметов А.Р. МАРЖИНАЛИЗМ И ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АВСТРИЙСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ МАРЖИНАЛИЗМА И ЕЕ СВЯЗЬ С СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬЮ ............................. 148

Примбетова С.Ч., Мухамбетова Д. Е. ШАҒЫН ЖӘНЕ ОРТА КӘСІПКЕРЛІКТІ ДАМЫТУДА ЖАСТАР КӘСІПКЕРЛІГІН ҚОЛДАУ МАҢЫЗДЫ МІНДЕТ ............................................ 153

Шаимов А., Абдимомынова А.Ш. ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ҚАУІПСІЗДІКТІ ҚАМТАМАСЫЗ ЕТУДІҢ ЗАМАНАУИ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ .......................................................................................................... 158

Сәбитов Б.Ж. Бержанова А.М. АУЫЛ ШАРУАШЫЛЫҒЫ – НАРЫҚТЫҚ ЭКОНОМИКАНЫ ДАМЫТУДЫҢ БАСТЫ ҚҰРАЛЫ ................................................................................................... 163

Жолдасбек Б., Абдимомынова А.Ш. ЕҢБЕК НАРЫҒЫНЫҢ ГЕНДЕРЛІК АСПЕКТІЛЕРІ ......................................... 168

Абдуллахан Ю.Т. «ЦИФРЛЫҚ ҚАЗАҚСТАН» БАҒДАРЛАМАСЫ ШЕҢБЕРІНДЕ ҚАРЖЫ ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ АХУАЛЫ ......................................................................................... 172

Елберген Е.Ж., Казыбаев Б.О. ПРОБЛЕМАЛЫҚ ҚАРЫЗДАРМЕН ЖҰМЫС ІСТЕУДІҢ ҚАЗАҚСТАНДЫҚ ТӘЖІРИБЕСІ ........................................................................................................... 177

Zharaskhan Temirkhanov DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE AUDIT IN PUBLIC SECTOR .............. 181

Конурбаева Ж.Т.; Ниязбекова А.Е. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ТИІМДІ МАРКЕТИНГ ҚҰРАЛЫ РЕТІНДЕ . 186

Рахимбердинова М.У., Ниязбекова А.Е. ЖОО БРЕНД-СТРАТЕГИЯСЫН ҚҰРУДА КӨП ДЕҢГЕЙЛІ ТӘСІЛДІ ҚОЛДАНУ................................................................................................................ 190

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Жұмабаева А.Т. ЖАҺАНДАНУ ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ ҰЛТТЫҚ БӘСЕКЕГЕ ҚАБІЛЕТТІЛІКТІ ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУДЫҢ ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ АСПЕКТІЛЕРІ ................................... 194

Қуатұлы Қ., Рахимбердинова М.У. SMM-ді ПАЙДАЛАНУ АРҚЫЛЫ ӨҢІРДІҢ ТУРИСТІК ҚЫЗМЕТІН ЖЕТІЛДІРУ ............................................................................................................. 200

Гиззатова А.И., Чудрова В.У., Садыкова Г.А., Ахметова Д.А. НЕКОТОРЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН ........................ 205

Гиззатова А.И., Чудрова В.У., Садыкова Г.А., Талгатова З.Ж. РАЗВИТИЕ ТУРИЗМА КАК ФАКТОР ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЗАНЯТОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН...................................................... 209

Молдабекова Г. Б. ӘЛЕУМЕТТІК КӨМЕК ЖӘНЕ ҚОЛДАУ ТУРАЛЫ ТҮСІНІК ........................ 212

Панзабекова А.Ж., Сабыр Н.С. РАЗВИТИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ............. 216

Утарбаева Г.К., Тусупова А.Р. КӘСІПОРЫННЫҢ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ НЕГІЗІНДЕ БАСҚАРУ ЖҮЙЕСІН ЖЕТІЛДІРУ .......................................................................................... 223

Буртебаева А.А. ОЦЕНКА ПО СПРАВЕДЛИВОЙ СТОИМОСТИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ПРОЗРАЧНОСТИ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ОТЧЕТНОСТИ .............. 227

Бейсенова Л.З., Жахметова А.К. ОСОБЕННОСТИ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН ........................................................................................................... 232

Алтайбекова Ә.Ж. БАСҚАРУ ЕСЕБІНІҢ БАСҚАРУШЫЛЫҚ ШЕШІМ ҚАБЫЛДАУДАҒЫ РӨЛІ .......................................................................................................................... 238

Серікбаева Д.Т. ЕСЕПТІК АҚПАРАТ ӘДІСІМЕН АВС ӘДІСІН ҰСЫНУ МҮМКІНДІКТЕРІ 243

Жүніс А.Н. ІШКІ АУДИТ ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢ ТЕОРИЯЛЫҚ НЕГІЗДЕРІ .................................... 248

Иманбекова Р.М. БАСҚАРУ АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ҚҰРАЛЫ РЕТІНДЕ ................................................ 255

Омурзaковa A.К. AНAЛИЗ ИСПОЛЬЗОВAНИЯ ПОТEНЦИAЛA ГОСУДAРСТВEННО-ЧAСТНОГО ПAРТНEРСТВA В СФEРE ЗДРAВООХРAНEНИЯ РEСПУБЛИКИ КAЗAХСТAН ........................................................................................................... 261

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Нұралина Қ.Т. ҚАЗАҚСТАН ЭКОНОМИКАСЫНЫҢ НАРЫҚТЫҚ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯСЫ ......................................................................................... 268

Жанбозова А.Б. ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДАҒЫ ЭЛЕКТРОНДЫҚ КОММЕРЦИЯНЫҢ ДАМУ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ ........................................................ 273

Букенбаева Л.С. Кодашева Г.С ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ БАНКОВСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ КАЗАХСТАНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ ........................................................................... 278

Алтыбаева Ш.М., Шамакова Н.Г. КЕДЕЙЛІК - ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ЭКОНОМИКАЛЫҚ ҚАУІПСІЗДІГІНІҢ ИНДИКАТОРЫ РЕТІНДЕ ..................................................................................... 283

Мергалиева Л.И., Бердикулова С.Д. ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРИДОРОЖНОГО СЕРВИСА ................................................................................................................. 289

Тлесова А.Б., Гарифуллина А.Б. ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ САЛАСЫНДА МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК-ЖЕКЕ МЕНШІК ӘРІПТЕСТІКТІ ДАМЫТУ ....................................................... 292

Мергалиева Л.И., Шарафутдинова А.А. Газезова А.Е. ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ СЫРТҚЫ САУДА ҚЫЗМЕТІН ЫНТАЛАНДЫРУДЫҢ АЛҒЫШАРТТАРЫ ................................................................................................. 300

Примбетова С.Ч. БАТЫС-ҚАЗАҚСТАН ОБЛЫСЫНЫҢ ҚАЗІРГІ ДЕМОГРАФИЯЛЫҚ АХУАЛЫ ................................................................................................................. 304

Есенбайқызы І. ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК ТҰРҒЫН ҮЙ ҚОРЫНАН ЖАЛҒА ТҰРҒЫН ҮЙ БЕРУДІҢ ӨЗЕКТІ МӘСЕЛЕЛЕРІ ................................................. 307

Татибеков Б.Н., Байдаирова К.Б. ШАҒЫН ЖӘНЕ ОРТА БИЗНЕСТІҢ ДАМУЫ ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ ҰЛТТЫҚ ЭКОНОМИКАСЫНЫҢ ӨСУІНІҢ ДРАЙВЕРІ РЕТІНДЕ.................................. 311

Шамишева Н.К., Сафаров А.Ж. ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДА ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ КӘСІПКЕРЛІКТІ ДАМЫТУДЫҢ ҚАЖЕТТІЛІГІ ............................................................................. 315

Жұмаділла Н., Слямов Е. ТУРИЗМ ҚАЗАҚСТАН ЭКОНОМИКАСЫН МҰНАЙҒА ТӘУЕЛДІЛІКТЕН АЛЫП ШЫҒАР ЖОЛДАРДЫҢ БІРІ РЕТІНДЕ .................................................. 320

Буланова Н.К., Батыргалиева О.В. ВНУТРИФИРМЕННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ОПЛАТЫ ТРУДА: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ..................................................................................................... 326

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Төлепов Ә.Е. ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫ АЙМАҚТАРЫНЫҢ ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ҚЫЗМЕТІН ТАЛДАУ ............................................................................................. 332

Нуржанова А. Н. ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДА ШАҒЫН ЖӘНЕ ОРТА БИЗНЕСТІ МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК РЕТТЕУ ЖӘНЕ ҚОЛДАУ ........................................................ 336

Оспанов М.М. ПОДХОДЫ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ СУЩНОСТИ «ДИВЕРСИФИКАЦИЯ» В СТРУКТУРНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКЕ ГОСУДАРСТВА.............. 340

Мырзахмет М.К. ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СТРУКТУРНЫХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙВ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ РАЗВИТИИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ СТРАНЫ ................................................................................................................... 345

Мокоев А.Н. ВНЕШНЯЯ И ВЗАИМНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ С СТРАНАМИ ЕАЭС ................................................................................................. 352

Искакова М.С. ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ КӘСІПКЕРЛІКТІ МЕМЛЕКЕТТІК ҚОЛДАУ ................. 355

Утегенов Е.К. ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЫНКА ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН. ............................................................................... 360

Аманжол К.А.,Пашкевич Р.А. ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ УЧЕНИЙ МАРКСА НА СЕГОДНЯШНИЙ ДЕНЬ ......................................................................................................................... 364

Аскеев А.Г. О ВОПРОСАХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ТУРИСТСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ КАЗАХСТАНА С УЧЕТОМ ГЛОБАЛЬНЫХ ТРЕНДОВ .................................. 373

Тыныбаева Д.Н., Мустафин С. ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО АУДИТА СУБЪЕКТА КВАЗИГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО СЕКТОРА ........................................................ 377

Аскербек М.Б. ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ РК И ПУТИ ЕЕ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ....................................................................................... 383

Байтемирова М.А. ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ ........................................................................................................ 386

Мұқашева А.Е. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОТРАСЛЕВЫХ ПРОГРАММ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН ... 390

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Зекенов Е.Н. ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ ДЕНЕЖНЫХ СРЕДСТВ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ВАЖНОЙ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКОЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ ................................................................... 397

Картаев Н., Жанабаева Ж.К. ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ В АГРАРНОМ СЕКТОРЕ КАЗАХСТАНА .............................................................. 401

Бейсембаев Адиль АНАЛИЗ ЗАНЯТОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СЕВЕРО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ................................................................................................................ 405

Кузаиров О. СУБСИДИРОВАНИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА ПАВЛОДАРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ................................................................................................................ 409

Шамбыл Қ.Ә. Карипова А.Т. ӘЛЕМДІК КЕҢІСТІКТЕГІ ЖӘНЕ ҚАЗАҚСТАН ЖАҒДАЙЫНДАҒЫ АДАМИ КАПИТАЛ ДАМУЫНЫҢ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯСЫ ...................................................... 411

Абжанова А.Ж. МОДЕЛЬ ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ................................................ 416

Уалиева М.А. ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОХРАНЕНИЯ И РАЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЗЕМЕЛЬ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ В РК ..................... 419

Цай Ж., Акылбек А., Саттарова А. Есенова Г.Ж АНАЛИЗ РАЗВИТИЯ МАЛОГО И СРЕДНЕГО БИЗНЕСА В ГОРОДАХ: АЛМАТЫ И НУР-СУЛТАН. ................................................................................. 421

Сунь Цинбинь , Рыспекова М.О. СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОВРЕМЕННОГО КИТАЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ ....................... 426

Ауезов Б. ИННОВАЦИЯНЫҢ ДАМУЫ МЕН БОЛАШАҒЫ ............................................. 433

Малыбаева А. НАЛОГОВЫЕ ПРЕФЕРЕНЦИИ В ИНВЕСТИЦИОННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ .................................................................................................... 438

Садыкова Г.Т. КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЮ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО КОРИДОРА .............................................................................................................. 441

Майдырова А.Б. , Васильева О.А АУТСОРСИНГ НА РЫНКЕ КАДРОВЫХ УСЛУГ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН ........................................................................................................... 446

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Мукушев А.Б., Салимова Д. ҚАРЖЫ ПИРАМИДАСЫНЫҢ ІС-ӘРЕКЕТІН САНДЫҚ ӘДІСТЕР КӨМЕГІМЕН ЗЕРТТЕУ ......................................................................................... 456

Кудабаева Н.Б. ОБЗОР, АНАЛИЗ И АУДИТОРСКИЕ ПРОЦЕДУРЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СУВЕРЕННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ФОНДОВ ......................................................................... 463

Жусанов.А.А. СУЩНОСТЬ СОВРЕМЕННОГО НЕОЛИБЕРАЛИЗМА ................................... 467

Кәрімова М. ШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ СУБЪЕКТІСІНІҢ БӘСЕКЕГЕ ҚАБІЛЕТТІЛІГІН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ МЕН АРТТЫРУ .................................................................... 470

Жампозова А.Е. ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ КИБЕРБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ ......................................................................................................... 475

Мынбай А.М. КЛАСТЕРНЫЙ ПУТЬ РАЗВИТИЯ ТУРИЗМА В КАЗАХСТАНЕ ................... 481

Амантаева А.Н. БИЗНЕС И АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЕГО РАЗВИТИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ ........................................................................................................ 486

Тахтаева Р.Ш. ОСНОВНЫЕ ВИДЫ, ПОНЯТИЯ, НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ТУРИЗМЕ................... 489

Корабаев Б.С., Мухаметжанова Д.Ж., Имашева А.М. ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ УЧЕТА ОБЕСЦЕНЕНИЯ АКТИВОВ В СООТВЕТСТВИИ С МСФО НА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯХ РК ........................................................................ 494 Zharaskhan Temirkhanov DEVELOPMENT OF PERFORMANCE AUDIT IN PUBLIC SECTOR………..499 Тыныбаева Д. Н., Нурмухаметов Н. Н.

МЕТОДИКА ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ РИСКОВ, ИХ ОЦЕНКА, И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ИМИ, ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕНИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО АУДИТА ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СУБЪЕКТОВ КВАЗИГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО СЕКТОРА…………………………………………………………………...……..504

Сәбитов Б.Ж., Бержанова А.М.

АУЫЛ ШАРУАШЫЛЫҒЫ – НАРЫҚТЫҚ ЭКОНОМИКАНЫ ДАМЫТУДЫҢ БАСТЫ ҚҰРАЛЫ…………………………………………………………………510

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Акжанов Ж. К.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И ВИДЫ СТРАТЕГИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ………………………………………...….……515 Насырова А.М., Исаева Б.К.

АНАЛИЗ МЯСНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН..519

Бюрабекова Л.В.

КАДРОВАЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕННОСТЬ КАК ОСНОВА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН…...524

Кәрімова М.

ШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ СУБЪЕКТІСІНІҢ БӘСЕКЕГЕ ҚАБІЛЕТТІЛІГІН ҚАЛЫПТАСТЫРУ МЕН АРТТЫРУ……………………………………………528

Шаяхметова Л. М.

РОЛЬ ТУРИСТСКОЙ ОТРАСЛИ В НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН………………………………………………..….533

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BILATERAL TRADE RELATIONS BETWEEN SLOVAKIA AND

KAZAKHSTAN IN IN THE CURRENT WORLD ECONOMY

Ing. Natália Barinková, PhD. student Faculty of Commerce, University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia

Abstract. Kazakhstan is a part of the Central Asia region, which according to

the Strategy of external economic relations of Slovakia for the period 2014-2020, belongs to priority regions of Slovak export. The aim of the article is to analyze bilateral trade relations between Kazakhstan and Slovakia according to statistical data and Trade Intensity Index and to introduce perspective sectors of trade cooperation.

Key words. Foreign trade; Kazakhstan; Slovakia Introduction Kazakh republic is an inland state with an area of 2 724 900 km2

and population of approximately 18.6 million [Czechtrade, 2019]. In the last 25 years, the country has experienced fast economic development and undergone transformation to market economy [Drieniková, 2018]. In 2018, Kazakhstan's foreign trade turnover was 93.5 billion USD, of which 61 billion USD represented exports and 32.5 billion USD import [Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Nur-Sultan, 2019]. Kazakhstan's most important trading partner in 2018 was the European Union with a share on Kazakhstan's foreign trade more than 30%. Slovakia is a small European state located in the heart of Europe. It is an open economy highly dependent on foreign trade [Kašťáková, Ružeková, Žaťko, 2016]. In 2018, Slovakia's foreign trade reached 185 bln. USD. Of this, exports amounted to 94 bln. USD and import 91 bln. USD (MH SR, 2019. The most important trading partner of Slovakia is the EU for a long time. In 2018, the share of EU countries on Slovakia's foreign trade was 76.5% [Ministry of economy of the Slovak Republic, 2019].

The aim of the article is to analyze bilateral trade relations between Kazakhstan and Slovakia according to statistical data and Trade Intensity Index and to introduce perspective sectors of trade cooperation.

Foreign trade between Slovakia and Kazakhstan Slovakia's trade balance with Kazakhstan has long been active. The positive

balance of mutual trade is affected by the fact that Slovakia is not a significant importer of energy raw materials from Kazakhstan. The development of foreign trade between Slovakia and Kazakhstan in shown in graph 1. In the years 2015-2016, trade between Slovakia and Kazakhstan was not very favorable, but already in 2018 Slovak export to Kazakhstan reached 32.9 mil. USD. In 2019, Kazakhstan participated in Slovakia foreign trade by 0.024% and was the 66th most important export partner for Slovakia. In the same year, Slovakia participated in the foreign trade of Kazakhstan by 0.05% of total trade of Kazakhstan [Ministry of economy of the Slovak Republic, 2019].

Central Asian countries accounted for 0.031% of Slovakia's foreign trade. The largest share of these 5 countries has long been Kazakhstan. Slovakia had an positive trade balance with all countries. Total exports of Slovakia to Central Asian countries

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in 2018 amounted to 49.6 mil. USD. The biggest volume of foreign trade from the countries of Central Asia has Slovakia with Kazakhstan.

Figure 1: Foreign trade between Slovakia and Kazakhstan in 2014 - 2018 (in mil. USD)

Source: processed by author according the data from Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Nur-Sultan

Table 1: Top 5 commodities of mutual foreign trade between Slovakia and Kazakhstan in 2018 (according HS4 classification) HS4 Slovak export to Kazakhstan Share in % 8703 Automobiles and other motor vehicles 40 8407 Reciprocating or rotary spark-ignition internal

combustion piston engines 10.5

9018 Medical, surgical, dental or veterinary instruments 9.5 4010 Conveyor belts or transmission belts, of vulcanised

rubber 4.9

6506 Other headgear, whether or not lined or trimmed 3.5 Slovak import from Kazakhstan Share in %

2711 Petroleum gases and other gaseous hydrocarbons 74.4 7202 Ferroalloys 7.9 7402 Unrefined copper 4.1 2804 Hydrogen, noble gases and other non - metals 3.5 2819 Chromium oxides and hydroxides 1.8

Source: processed by author according the data from Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Nur-Sultan

Slovak export to Kazakhstan is diversified and represent the cross-section of

the main sectors of the Slovak economy. In 2018, the most important goods groups of Slovak exports to Kazakhstan under HS4 were vehicles, engines and medical appliances. Slovak imports from Kazakhstan were represented mainly by petroleum gases with almost 2/3 of total imports, followed by ferroalloys and copper [Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, 2019]. The detailed information of Slovak exports to/import from Kazakhstan is seen in the Table 1.

Intensity of mutual foreign trade To evaluate the size of mutual trade between Slovakia and Kazakhstan we use the Trade Intensity Index (TII). TII assesses whether the value of the trade between assessed countries is bigger or smaller than could be expected based on their position in international trade [World Bank, 2013]. A

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018Export Import Trade Balance

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detailed overview of mutual trade intensity between Slovakia and Kazakhstan between 2008 and 2017 is illustrated in Figure 2. In years 2008-2017 TIISR-KZ was less than 1 which indicates small activity of Slovak exporters to Kazakhstan and that Kazakhstan is not an important trade partner for Slovakia. It indicates also not intense trade relationship. We can observe quite significant decline in years 2015 and 2016 of TIISR-KZ which was caused by the slowdown of the Kazakh economy influenced by the EU sanctions against Russia and the drop-in oil prices, which also resulted in a drop in imports from Slovakia. Increase in 2017 was influenced by bigger activity of Slovak exporters. TIIKZ-SR in years 2008-2017 was very low which shows that Slovakia is not an important partner for Kazakhstan.

Figure 2: Development of the TII between Slovakia and Kazakhstan in 2008 - 2017

Source: processed by the authors according the data from UNCTADSTAT Perspectives of the development of Slovakia's foreign trade relations with

Kazakhstan Slovakia has concluded following agreements with Kazakhstan: Agreement

between the Government of the Slovak Republic and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the Promotion and Mutual Protection of Investments; Agreement between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the prevention of double taxation; Agreement between the Government of the Slovak Republic and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Economic and Scientific and Technical Cooperation [Ministry of finance of the Slovak Republic, 2019]. These documents should support foreign trade and investments between Slovakia and Kazakhstan.

An important event held in Kazakhstan was Expo Astana 2017. The main theme of EXPO Astana was "The Energy of the Future". As Kazakhstan has large hydrocarbon reserves, it focuses its energy policy especially on the use of these energy sources. Due to Kazakhstan's interest in exporting energy fuels in the future, the prospective area for Slovak companies could be cooperation in the modernization of power plants. There are several traditional exporters in Slovakia in this area. Kazakhstan has been investing a lot of funds in recent years particularly in the area of construction, road and rail development. Slovak companies can participate in PPP projects, which represent a form of cooperation of Slovak company with a local partner, especially in the area of infrastructure development but also healthcare or education. As the government of Kazakhstan has recently also decided to promote

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afforestation and building-up green areas, specific opportunities are also offered to state-owned or private companies from field of forestry.

Several traditional Slovak companies are already exporting to Kazakhstan. These companies are representing medical technology, energy, wastewater treatment [SARIO, 2019]. Based on demand from Kazakh companies, we consider also agriculture, energy, healthcare, wastewater treatment, ICT as one of the most promising sectors of cooperation between Slovakia and Kazakhstan. These are sectors where Slovak companies have a long tradition.

Conclusion Based on the results of the examination of the development and intensity of foreign trade between Slovakia and Kazakhstan, we came to the following conclusions: The trade balance between Slovakia and Kazakhstan is mutually inadequate which is also supported by the results of the Trade Intensity Index. Trade intensity Indexes are below 1. Slovak exporters are not very active in this region and Slovakia is not an export destination for Kazakh exporters. The potential of Slovakia's exports to Kazakhstan is not exploited, Slovak companies can compete with their products in the region in comparison to those of other European countries. Only a few Slovak companies are active in Kazakhstan. The most promising sectors for Slovak exporters are the energy industry, agriculture, ICT and water treatment. To conclude, the trade potential that exists between Slovakia and Kazakhstan is untapped and there is a big potential to deepen the trade cooperation.

Bibliography 1. Czech Trade: Kazachstán. (2019). Available:

2. Drieniková, K. (2018). Príležitosti pre prehĺbenie a rozvoj spolupráce

medzi EÚ a Kazachstanom. In Aktuálne otázky vplyvu súčasných geopolitických zmien na zahraničnoobchodné vzťahy EÚ (so zameraním na slovenskú ekonomiku). Bratislava: EKONÓM, 2018. s. 33-43.

3. Embassy of the Slovak Republic in Nur-Sultan. (2019). Ekonomická informácia o teritóriu: Kazašská republika. Available:

4. Kašťáková E., Ružeková V., Žaťko M. (2016). Importance of the CIS Countries to the Development of Foreign Trade Relations of Slovakia. Studia commercialia Bratislavensia. Volume 9; Number 33; pp. 36-48

5. Ministry of Economy of the Slovak Republic. (2019). Výsledky zahraničného obchodu. Available:

6. Ministry of finance. (2019) Zoznam platných a účinných zmlúv o zamedzení dvojitého zdanenia. Available:

7. Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. (2019). Zahraničný obchod. Available:

8. UNCTADSTAT (2019). Data. Available:

https://www.czechtrade.cz/czechtrade-svet/evropa-asie/kazachstan-a-kyrgyzstan/https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/portal/ext/themes/macroeconomic/trade/news/!ut/p/z1/pZFNC4JAEIZ_0r66fh5XS90QUzfT5hKeYqGsQ_T70xCCoDVobsM8z-7LDCPWMRr6hz71d30d-vPYH8g7Vr4MosgSCFwfkIVqgL2CyDhrP4CiXkPuRJnWG8eC4zIax4kqbRE6abyqt8k4ju1A5Z4NWLNvAOj7_wqY_TgVmePnQJCnLqTImjqsOIfgJv-dH19K4DffEPAffwLIHK9l9EJMG1h6g5aORMYreHwBGLdwuzRTddBSPwH-RLju/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/https://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=24740

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9. World Bank. (2013). Online Trade Outcome Indicators. Available:

ВЛИЯНИЕГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ НА СТРАТЕГИЮ ВНЕШНИХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ СЛОВЦКОЙ

РЕСПУБЛИКИ

Каштякова Элена, доц., к.э.н., Экономический университет в Батиславе, Словакия.

Аннотация. Статья посвящена вопросам экспортной политики

Словакии, определяющей стратегию развития ее торговых отношений с зарубежными странами. Одной из основных задач стратегии развития внешнеэкономических отношений Словакии является территориальная диверсификация ее внешней торговли. Целью доклада является исследовать изменения территориальных приоритетов внешней торговли Словакии под влиянием геополитических изменений. К территориям предоставляющих особый экспортный интерес Словакии принадлежат регион западный Балкан, страны СНГ и Юго-восточной Азии.

Abstract. The article is devoted to the export policy of Slovakia, which determines the development strategy of its trade relations with foreign countries. One of the main tasks of the development strategy of foreign economic relations of Slovakia is the territorial diversification of its foreign trade. The aim of the paper is to examine changes in the terrorist strategies of foreign trade in Slovakia affected by geopolitical ones. The territories of special export interest to Slovakia include the western Balkan region, the countries of the CIS and Southeast Asia.

Ключевые слова: внешняя торговля; Словакия; стратегия

внешнеэкономический отношений; территориальные приоритеты Key words: international trade; Slovakia; foreign economic relations strategy;

territorial priorities Введение Важную роль в поддержке экспорта в Словакии играет ее

экспортная политика, которая определяет стратегию развития торговых отношений с зарубежными странами путем определения конкретных инструментов и мер имеющих прямое и исключительное отношение к показателям экспорта на уровне торговых операций в деловом сообществе. Кроме того, про-экспортная политика определяет основные принципы, регулирующие данные отношения, и определяет базу институциональной поддержки. [Kittová, 2016] И также создает пространство для координации про-экспортной деятельности негосударственного сектора, вместе с которой формирует комплексную национальную систему поддержки экспорта.

Важнейшей проблемой территориального развития внешней торговли Словакии является ее сильная зависимость от стран ЕС. [Pavelka, Jamborová, Ružeková, 2015]. Одной из основных задач стратегии развития

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внешнеэкономических отношений Словакии является территориальная диверсификация ее внешней торговли. В данном докладе рассмотрены изменения территориальных приоритетов внешней торговли Словакии под влиянием геополитических изменений.

Принципы стратегии внешнеэкономических отношений СР На основании решения Совета правительства СР по продвижению экспорта и инвестиций от 25 марта 2013 г. была предъявлена Стратегия внешнеэкономических отношений Словацкой Республики на годы 2014 – 2020. Эта стратегия основана на принципах Экспортной политики Словацкой Республики (СР) с периода 2007 – 2013 гг. и расширена о стратегию внешнеэкономических отношений (ВЭО). [MH SR, 2014]

Даная стратегия представляет собой систему внешнеэкономических отношений СР, с помощью которой страна участвует в международном разделении труда. Несмотря на то, что регулирование внешнеэкономических отношений имеет большое влияние на конкурентоспособность самой страны, решении вопросов самого развития конкурентоспособности СР в контексте стратегии экономического развития Словакии не является предметом этой стратегии. Таким образом, Стратегия ВЭО СР сосредоточена в первую очередь на оптимизацию национальной системы поддержки экспорта до 2020 г. и также интересы предпринимательской сферы. Национальная система поддержки экспорта уделяет внимание многим потребностям различных групп предприятий, но прежде всего ориентирована на потребности средних и крупных экспортеров, с одной стороны, и МСБ, с другой стороны.

Стратегия ВЭО СР заключается в обеспечение стабильного положения Словакии в международных экономических отношениях, содействует на экономическое и социальное развития, повышение жизненной уровня и на развитие экономических интересов Словакии за рубежом, и также гарантирует соблюдение требований экономической безопасности страны. Цели стратегии ВЭО стоят из определенных задач в четырех областях: торгово-политической, инвестиционной, в области исследований и инновационного сотрудничества с зарубежными странами и в области единообразного представления Словакии. [Kаштякова, 2019]

Торгово-политические цели включают в себя: • увеличение экспорта; • увеличение количества экспортеров; • обеспечение стабильных поставок стратегических товаров; • диверсификацию территориальной структуры экспорта, особенно

увеличение доли экспорта на неевропейские рынки; • диверсификация товарной структуры экспорта посредством

увеличения доли экспорта в других товарных группах как автомобили и электротехника;

• увеличение доли экспорта малых и средних предприятий (МСП); • увеличение доли экспорта услуг (включая туризм). Инвестиционные цели состоят из: • увеличения притока инвестиций, особенно с высокой добавленной

стоимостью и в менее развитые регионы; • повышения эффективности экспорта за счет инвестиций;

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• увеличения инвестиций в промышленные исследования и разработки;

• поддержки инвесторов и в расширении их деятельности в Словакии.

В области научно-инновационного сотрудничества с зарубежными странами сосредотачиваются на следующие задачи:

• расширить участие словацких деловых и исследовательских структур в проектах международного сотрудничества в области исследований;

• повысить степень интернационализации результатов отечественных исследований и разработок;

• повысить интерес иностранных предприятий к проектам словацких предприятий;

• повысить интерес к созданию исследовательских центров иностранных компаний в Словакии.

В области единой презентации Словакии за рубежом необходимо решить две задачи, а именно:

• разработать единую стратегию представления Словакии; • определить основные туристические рынки, ведущие, в частности, к

улучшению структуры туризма в Словакии; • создать сотрудничество между национальными и городскими

учреждениями более эффективным в сфере туризма. Влияние геополитических изменений на территориальные приоритеты

внешней торговли Словакии В результате геополитических изменений территориальные стратегии поддержки внешней торговли Словакии постепенно приспосабливались потребностям государства. Территориальная поддержка экспорта, отраженная в Стратегии внешнеэкономических отношений Словакии на период 2014–2020 годов, была составлена на основе предыдущей территориальной стратегии про-экспортной политики Словакии на 2007–2013 годы, в которой территориальные приоритеты были разделены на три группы. Первая категория особой важности включала страны ЕС и ЕЭС. Ко второй категории относились страны с высоким потенциалом роста экспорта - Россия, Украина, Балканы, Восточная и Юго-Восточная Азия (особенно Китай, Индия, Южная Корея). Третья категория касалась стран с растущим экспортным потенциалом, таких как, США, Канада, Япония, страны СНГ и МЕРКОСУР. [MH SR, 2014]

На современном этапе влиянием геополитических изменений в рамках частичной актуализации Стратегии ВЭО СР, территориальные приоритеты Словакии были изменены и представлены в документе «Приоритеты экспортной политики Словакии на 2018–2020 годы». К территориям представляющих большое значение с точки зрения развития словацкого экспорта принадлежат регион Западной Балкан (в частности, Сербия и Северная Македония). Далее это страны СНГ (в основном Россия, Беларусь, Украина, Казахстан и другие страны Центральной Азии). На третьем месте следуют страны Юго-Восточной Азии (Китай, Вьетнам, Индонезия) и на последнем, не особо важном месте, являются такие страны, как: Индия, США, Канада, Бразилия и Куба. Подробное развитие словацкого экспорта

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рассмотрено в следующей таблице 1. В 2018г. основная доля словацкого экспорта почти 85,2% была направлена в страны ЕС. В данном периоде экспорт повысился на 6,7% по сравнению предыдущим годом.

Таблица 1-Внешняя торговля Словакии в 2017 – 2018гг. (в млн евро)

2017 г. 2018 г. Изменения Экспорт СР 74 757,1 79 798,4 6,7% Импорт СР 71 706,0 77 317,4 7,8% Сальдо 3 051,1 2 481,0 -570,1

Источник: собственные расчеты автора на основании [MH SR, 2019] В 2018г. в территориальном выражении экспорт в Германию увеличился

на 15,0%, в Чехию на 10,0%, в Польшу на 6,0%, во Францию на 6,1%, в Австрию на 2,1%, в Италию на 2,0%, в США на 25,3%, Испанию на 2,7%, Румынию на 9,9% и Россию на 0,9%. Экспорт в Венгрию снизился на 0,8%, в Великобританию на 7,4% и в Нидерланды на 9%. С точки зрения основных экономических регионов экспорт в страны ЕС увеличился на 6,5%, что составило 85,2% от общего объема экспорта Словакии. В страны ОЭСР также увеличился на 6,5%, что составило 88,3% от общего объема экспорта Словакии в исследованном периоде. Подробное территориальное развитие словацкого экспорта в 2017 – 2018г. рассмотрено в таб. 2.

Таблица 2 Территориальное развитие словацкого экспорта в 2017 –

2018гг. (в млн евро) Регион 2017г. 2018г. Доля в % Индекс в % ЕС 63 812 67 964 85,2 106,5 Европа 67 892 72 100 90,4 106,2 Азия 3 407 3 338 4,2 98,0 Америка 2 765 3 529 4,4 127,6 Африка 482 666 0,8 138,4 Австралия и Океания 205 156 0,2 76,4 ОЭСР 66 100 70 442 88,3 106,6 Итого: 74 754 79 798 100,0 106,7

Источник: собственные расчеты автора на основании [MH SR, 2019] В 2018 г. словацкий экспорт на основании регионов больше всего

повысился в Африку почти на 38,4% и при этом ее доля в общем экспорте СР составила всего лишь 0,8%. Также увеличился в Америку на 27,6% и на ее долю приходилась 4,4%. Наоборот, в Азию экспорт сократился на 2% и составил 4,2% от общего объема экспорта. По сравнению предыдущим годом экспорт в Австралию и Океанию сократился на 23,6% с общим объемом 0,2%.

Заключение На основании исследования изменений территориальных приоритетов внешней торговли Словакии под влиянием геополитических изменений можно сделать следующие выводы. Основной задачей стратегии внешнеэкономических отношений Словакии является диверсификация ее

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внешней торговли. В 2018г. почти 85,2% словацкого экспорта было направлено в страны ЕС и всего лишь 14,8% в третье страны.

Влиянием геополитических изменений Словакия поменяла территориальные приоритеты внешней торговли, особенно экспорта. Если в 2007 – 2014 гг. к приоритетным территориям принадлежали страны ЕС и ЕЭС, то с 2018г. странны представляющий особый интерес в области словацкого экспорта являются регионы западные Балканы, страны СНГ и Юго-восточной Азии. В 2020 г. Стратегия ВЭО СР предусматривает итоги ее деятельности в годах 2014–2020. Все исследования получены от реализации про-экспортной политики 2018–2020 гг., использовались для составления нового документа по поддержке экспорта Словакии после 2020г. и одновременно послужит основой для последующей реализации новой стратегии внешнеэкономических отношений СР после 2020 г. Проблематика разработана в данной статье, является исследовательской задачей Научного гранта Министерства образования, науки, исследования и спорта Словацкой Республики (VEGA) № 1/0546/17 «Влияние геополитических изменений на продвижение стратегических внешнеторговых интересов ЕС (с соответствующими последствиями для экономики Словакии)».

Список использованной литературы

Каштякова, Э. Развитие внешней торговли Словакии и роль малого и среднего бизнеса в ее формировании //Экономическая серия вестника ЕНУ им. Л.Н. Гумелева. – 2019. № 2. – С. 42 – 55.

Kittová, Z. et al. Európske a medzinárodné obchodné právo. Bratislava: EKONÓM (2016).

MH SR. Stratégia vonkajších ekonomických vzťahov Slovenksej republiky na obdobie 2014 – 2020. Available at: https://www.mhsr.sk/obchod/podpora-exportu/strategia-vonkajsich-ekonomickych-vztahov-sr-na-obdobie-2014-2020 (accessed: 15. 12. 2014)

MH SR. Výsledky zahraničného obchodu SR za rok 2018. Available at: https://www.mhsr.sk/obchod/bilateralne-obchodne-vztahy/vysledky-zahranicneho-obchodu (accessed: 28. 10. 2019)

Pavelka, L., Jamborová, E., Ružeková, V. Manuál slovenského exportéra: základy bezpečného obchodovania so zahrničím. Prieviza: GNOWEE, (2015).

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND MODAL SPLIT IN THE TRANSPORT

OF DANGEROUS GOODS IN THE EU1

Ing. Marek Minárik, PhD. University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Commerce

Assistant Professor

1 VEGA project 1/0546/17 Nové výzvy a súčasné problémy presadzovania zahraničnoobchodných záujmov EÚ ovplyvnené geopolitickými zmenami (s implikáciami na ekonomiku SR).

https://www.mhsr.sk/obchod/podpora-exportu/strategia-vonkajsich-ekonomickych-vztahov-sr-na-obdobie-2014-2020https://www.mhsr.sk/obchod/podpora-exportu/strategia-vonkajsich-ekonomickych-vztahov-sr-na-obdobie-2014-2020https://www.mhsr.sk/obchod/bilateralne-obchodne-vztahy/vysledky-zahranicneho-obchoduhttps://www.mhsr.sk/obchod/bilateralne-obchodne-vztahy/vysledky-zahranicneho-obchodu

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Annotation The main objective of this article is to highlight the importance of environmentally friendly transport modalities such as rail, inland waterways and pipelines in the transport of dangerous goods within the geographical targeting of the EU 28, Switzerland, Norway, except of Malta. The main tool to achieve this is a regression model expressing the relationship between rail transport performance in terms of dangerous goods transport and the availability of the navigable inland waterways and pipelines. The model of regression analysis was confirmed as statistically significant and it was able to confirm the dependence between the transport of dangerous goods by rail and the quality, respectively the availability of inland waterway and pipeline infrastructure.

Key words: Modal split; Dangerous goods; Ecology; Regression analysis

model; Railway transport; Inland waterway transport; Pipeline transport. Introduction The transport of dangerous goods belongs to special types of

transport together wirh transport of oversized and heavy loads and live animals. The basic starting point of these special shipments is their adjustment by special conditions, both in terms of transport itself, as well as their storage and handling. The principal of this regulation is to ensure, on the one hand, a sufficient degree of security in relation to the public and, on the other, acceptable conditions for economic operators carrying out the operations in question within their professional capacity.

The basic concepts to be taken into account when transporting dangerous loads, are dangerous goods, hazardous substances, hazardous pollutants and hazardous waste. All these things can cause harm to the life and health of people, property and the environment (Nowacki, Krysiuk, Kopczewski, 2016).

We define dangerous goods as certain chemicals, explosives and other types of goods that require special handling, transportation and storage.

Hazardous substances are defined as things or goods which, by their nature, can cause an explosion, fire, burns, poisoning, damage, illness or injury or endanger human or animal life. Rooting and resistance-inducing substances are also included in this category, each having specific properties and thus a different as substances of natural, biological, chemical and radioactive nature, which have a negative impact on life, health and property.

We define hazardous waste as special waste that is hazardous to human healthand environment due to its properties sucha s toxicity, infectivity, chemical, carcinogenic and mutagenic properties

This article is based on the idea of modal shift, the assumtion of which is based on the idea of the internet web of Green Modal Transport, that means some advantages of modal transfer replacement of congested transport modality by another less congested more advatageous from the economic and ecological point of view of the given transport branch. The mode of transport, which is carried out using multimodal transport, develops this idea of modal shift, moreover, under certain conditions, it also allows special transports in such a way that it replaces freight road transport by rail or inland waterway transport alternative. The subject of our article is the transport of dangerous cargo trhough multimodal solutions, which means road pre-transport and post-transport and rail, inland waterway and pipeline transport as

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main transport operations. According to Hansenová (2007), Furdová and Hansenová (2013), road transport for short transports up to about 500 km is unbeatable. The importance of rail and inland waterway transport is increasing in the case of medium-distance transport sup to 3000 km, and in the case of transport of more than 3000 km, the importance of intercontinental maritime air transport is increasing. As the length of the transport session between the sender and the recipient increases, the importance of multimodality increases. Although product pipeline transport is specific, it was chosen because it transports mainly oil and natural gas, and these commodities are also considered dangerous goods.

Results and discussion In this part of the article we will create the regression model, which we mentioned in the previous part using the Gretl statistical program. However, our first effort was to incorporate an independent variable Motorway Transport and as well as a constant into the regression model, but after the initial analysis of the chosen model we found their statistical insignificance. After removing them from the model there was no significant change of the coefficients of the rest of the two independent variables like Navigable Inland Wateway Transport and Pipelines, thus we decided for the model built in this way (see Tab. 1).

Tab. 1 Model OLS, using observations 1-29 (n = 11), Missing or incomplete

observations dropped: 18, Dependent variable: Railway_Transport_of_Dangerous_Goods

Coefficient Std. Error t-ratio p-value Navigable_Inland_Waterway_Transport

3,22506 0,378769 8,515

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the availability of pipelines (the variable of Pipelines in kilometres) is increased by 10 km ahead, the situation from 2016 and unchanged availability of waterways (the variable of Navigable Inland Waterways in kilometres), calculated in kilometres within the European Union 28, Switzerland and Norway, except for Malta, the transport performance of railway transport of dangerous goods, substances and waste would decrease by 10,8 millions of tonne-kilometres per year. The claim valid for the analyzed countries.

Tab. 2 Summary Statistics, using the observations 1 – 29 (missing values were skipped)

Variable Mean Median Minimum

Maximum

Railway_Transport_of_Dangerous_Goods

2989,4 1431,0 29,000 23770,

Navigable_Inland_Waterway_Transport

2485,2 1114,5 172,00 8136,0

Pipelines 1665,7 642,00 53,000 6400,0 Variable Std.

Dev. C.V. Skewne

ss Ex. kurtosis


4939,1 1,6522 3,3222 11,326


2735,9 1,1009 1,0932 -0,33525

Pipelines 1792,0 1,0758 1,2795 0,73589 Variable 5%

Perc. 95% Perc.

IQ range

Missing obs.


29,750 19856, 2569,2 5


undefined

undefined 4019,6 13

Pipelines 53,000 6400,0 2066,0 10 Source: own processing based on the data of EUROSTAT 2016 The hypothesis for the variable Length of Navigable Inland Waterways was

statistically tested, too. Based on the test we claim that thecoefficient for this variable is statistically significant – the availability of navigable inland waterwas given by their length in km – affects the transport performance of railway transport in terms of the transport of dangerous goods. The hypothesis for the variable Length of Pipelines was statistically tested, too. Based on the test we claim that the coefficient for Length of Pipelines is statistically significant – the availability of pipelines given by their length in km – affects the transport performance of railway transport in terms of the transport of dangerous goods.

We verified the statistical significance of the model as a whole at the level of significance α = 0,1. The critical value of F0,1 (2,9) = 4,25649, the calculated F value of the statistics from our model is 63,76794 and since 63,76794 > 4,25649, we reject the null hypothesis H0, which claims that the regression model is not statistically significant. At the same time, the p-value from our calculations confirm the rejection

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of the null hypothesis, on the basis of which we confirm the rejection of H0, and accept the alternative hypothesis H1.

Based on the coefficient of determination, which reaches R2 = 0,893403, we can say that with the regression model with independent variables xi1 (length of inland waterways in kilometres by the end of 2016) and xi2 (length of pipelines in kilometres by the end of 2016) we can explaine 89,34 % of the variability of dependent variable ŷi (transport performance of the railway transport of dangerous goods and substances). The remaining 10,66 % of the variability of this variable is due to factors not included in the regression model and random effects.

We proceeded also a composite hypothesis testing (F-test) at the level of significance α = 0,05. Based on the testing, we rejected H0, which cliams that the length of pipelines does not affect the transport performance of railway transport of dangerous goods.

We also tested the presence of heteroskedasticity. On the basis of the White´s test we can say that heteroskedasticity is not present and thus the condition of homoskedasticity of the linear expression is observed (WH = R2 . 11 > χ25 ---- rejection of H0; 0,8523 . 11 > 5,99146; 9,3753 > 5,99146, rejected H0, no heteroskedasticity is present in the model as there is inequality).

The regression model of dependence of railway transport performance in terms of transport of dangerous goods on the navigable inland waterways and pipelnes is statistically significant. Conclusion This article was based on the idea of modal shift, that means some advantages of modal transfer replacement of congested transport modality by another less congested more advatageous from the economic and ecological point of view of the given transport branch.

The main objective of this article was to highlight the importance of environmentally friendly transport modalities such as rail, inland waterways and pipelines in the transport of dangerous goods within the geographical targeting of the EU 28, Switzerland, Norway, except of Malta. Within this goal, the main tool to achieve this is a regression model expressing the relationship between rail transport performance in terms of dangerous goods transport and the availability of the navigable inland waterways and pipelines. It initially also contained an independent variable expressing the availability of highway network, which represents a non-ecological and dangerous solution for the transport of dangerous goods. Since this variable proved to be statistically insignificant, it was excluded from the model. This confirmed the rule based on the assumption that the transport of very dangerous goods should be carried out as far from the road as possible, as the hazardous substances are things or goods which, by their nature, can cause an explosion, fire, burns, poisoning, damage, illness or injury or endanger human or animal life.

References EUROSTAT. (2016). Inland waterway transport, Oil pipeline transport, Road

transport. Retrieved September 2019 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database EUROSTAT. (2017). Railway transport. Retrieved September 2019 from

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?p_p_id=NavTreeportletprod_WAR_NavT

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/databasehttps://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?p_p_id=NavTreeportletprod_WAR_NavTreeportletprod_INSTANCE_nPqeVbPXRmWQ&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2

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reeportletprod_INSTANCE_nPqeVbPXRmWQ&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2

Furdová, L., Hansenová, H. (2013). Logistika ako pridaná hodnota pre zákazníka v globálnej ekonomike. 1. vyd. Bratislava : Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2013. 121 s. ISBN 978-80-225-3683-7

Green Modal Transport. (2019). What is the modal shift? Retrieved September 2019 from http://www.greenmodal.eu/en/content/what-modal-shift

Hansenová, H. (2007). Prepravné služby v podmienkach medzinárodného obchodu. 2. preprac. vyd. Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo EKONÓM, 2007. 124 s. ISBN 978-80-225-2323-3

Nowacki, G., Krysiuk, C., Kopczewski, R. (2016). Gangerous goods transport Problems in the European Union and Poland. In. TRANSNAV, the International Journal on Maritime Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation. Retrieved October 2019 from http://www.transnav.eu/Journal_Vol._10_No._1-March_2016,37.html

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?p_p_id=NavTreeportletprod_WAR_NavTreeportletprod_INSTANCE_nPqeVbPXRmWQ&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database?p_p_id=NavTreeportletprod_WAR_NavTreeportletprod_INSTANCE_nPqeVbPXRmWQ&p_p_lifecycle=0&p_p_state=normal&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=column-2&p_p_col_pos=1&p_p_col_count=2http://www.greenmodal.eu/en/content/what-modal-shifthttp://www.transnav.eu/Journal_Vol._10_No._1-March_2016,37.html

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THE MACROECONOMIC ASPECTS OF FRANCHISING

JOZEF ORGONÁŠ2 University of Economics in Bratislava, Slovakia

Abstract: Franchising is a specific form of business, which began with

development in the 50th of last century, whereby the noticeable dynamics gained at the end of last two decades of 20th century. Its specific substance wins by offering of attractive possibilities for small and medium sized enterprises, in particular by effectivity, lifetime stability in first five years of business activities and its positive vision for survival in the period of crisis and turbulent time. The successfulness of entrepreneurship by franchising form is one of the safety forms of entrepreneurial activity. It offers anyway the rational format with clearly divided tasks, which is the base of dynamical and effective system, at which its compactness, integrity and reliability is the precondition of surviving and achieving of success, for both parties ̶ the franchisor and for franchisee, as well.

Keywords: Business environment, Entrepreneurship, Business,

Competitiveness of Company, Franchising. 1 Introduction We are living in dynamic era. If we would like to characterize

it by few words, then quite sure by name as globalization, internationalization, internalization, digitizing. The globalization and internationalization of international business contributed by fundamental way to creation of competitive environment, they determined the development of activities in segments of service, business and production, as well. The market is more and more saturated, the conditions for business are made harder, the market niches are found more difficult, and so franchising offers for enterprise beginners, but not only them, the ideal possibility how to begin the business activities. Besides, the entering into new markets is more and more complicated and the entrepreneurs use always more sophisticated ways. Franchising we may consider as one of main development powers of business, even of development of national and world economy.

1 Franchising – the Definition Franchising belongs to vertical marketing systems. Franchising is a vertical marketing system, verified by franchisor, who offers it to legally and economically independent franchisee, based on franchising contract for a fee, incl. know-how, licence, schooling (input and continuous) and trade mark. The common synergy of activity of both partners is by application the workload method, which is based on the ability to calculate the total amount of work necessary to serve the entire market (Winer – Dhar, 2011).

2 The Macroeconomic Dimension of the Franchising In the macroeconomic context, in connection with franchising, we bear in mind mainly these macroeconomic aspects:

2 Dipl.-Ing. Jozef Orgonáš, PhD., University of Economics in Bratislava, Faculty of Commerce; Dolnozemská cesta č. 1, 852 35 Bratislava; [email protected]

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• decreasing of the unemployment; • the creation of small and medium enterprises; • the creation of the family companies; • GDP share; • Trade balance and its amount of balance, the foreign investments. In where, it arises the healthy way of expansion, there come into existence new

jobs. Only in Germany, they are more than one thousand of franchisors, more than 65 thousands of franchisees and they created more than 463 thousands of jobs (DFV, 2012). In USA in February 2015 came into existence 29 thousands of jobs in franchising systems. The structure of them is quite interesting (ADP, 2015):

• 8 700 jobs in the restaurants, • 6 600 jobs in business with the cars, • 2 400 jobs in retail, • 2 700 jobs in commerce services, • 1 200 jobs in accommodation facilities. Contributing to more than 11% of the US economy, franchising opportunities

drive economic growth. In 2011, franchised businesses are expected to represent approximately $739.9 billion in output, growing at a rate slightly higher than all businesses in the United States . Additionally, franchising has “significant multiplier effects on the US economy, which are estimated at 21 million jobs and approximately $661 billion dollars in payroll”. Because franchise businesses provide significant contributions to the U.S. economy, this form of business constitutes an important area of inquiry. How is this growth achieved? Franchisors typically expand their chains by opening their own outlets or bringing in franchisees to operate outlets. Franchisees also can create their own organizations by signing development contracts with franchisors to operate multiple units over specified period of time.

We may observe, that franchising is very important part of economy of every state, therefor it´s momentous, that it´s paying attention to it. In the future it´s to expect the expansion of this way of business.

Franchising, as business format, is a dynamical and effective system for business increase. It´s the engine of self-employment, or the employment of family members. The probability of surviving of the company working in this business format is high and it contributes to the sustainability, and in the time of the crisis to self-employment increase, as well. The creation of new jobs and franchising are the communicating vessels. This asset is evident. There, where they arise new companies, and they expand by healthy way, there emerge new jobs. They are very solid jobs, the jobs they even may be planned.

The sectors of global character, here belongs the retail, too, within this scope also franchising, may be defined as sector, where the companies of same focus of are orientated on primacy (or leadership – remark of the author) on world market. These cross-sectional, or transversal sectors, are indicated by high homogenization of consumer demands and by applying of similar principals and strategies. The global society is society, which is active in various countries and which implements into own activity the research and development, production, logistic, marketing and finance advantages (Kotler – Keller, 2013).

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The decision about the extensity of standardization and adaptation belongs to crucial decisions. In context to marketing strategies, the globalization has to ask for the application of standardized product, price, distribution and communication strategies. While the companies understand the market as common one, the differences among the countries or operated segments, they consider as inappreciable and expect:

• the extensity savings from the production and distribution, • lower marketing and advertising costs, • multiply effect in the world context, • the time abbreviation necessary for effective expansion on new foreign

markets, • the building of consistent global mark and company image, • the simplification of the management and control of marketing and

management processes. Franchising supports, at the same moment, the policy of “stratum

intermedium”, because the franchising helps to create the SME´s (Small and Medium sized Enterprises).

Franchising contributes to transformation, modernization and professionalization of the traditional business formats (EFF, 2018) and generates new products, satisfied the need of the consumer, but new services, too. The profit from such way of entrepreneurship has the state from point of view of income, because the franchising entrepreneurship belongs to the correct form of the business and the franchising enterprisers use to pay the taxes. Franchising weighs in on education. It adds to best practices, what motivates the others. The correctness of such business is underlined by Code of Ethics, which works not only on European level, but on national ones, too. It´s basis for permanent exercise in honestness in business relations. The transparency of these relations is based by offering already certified concept, what eliminates the possible complications in the future. Franchising is a stabilized and transparent format, therefor the acceptation on the market is high. On the other side the number of businessmen finishing the franchising activities is low, comparing the other forms of business.

Very important fact at franchising is its sustainability. Corporate sustainability entails the pursuit of goals consistent with the broader concept of sustainable development. This broad concept of sustainable development is based on protecting the environment, promoting social aspects, and achieving the economic development while implementing a management model that fosters dialogue and forges relationships with the stakeholders. As a business model, franchising advances economic development by contributing to a country´s gross domestic product (GDP). Sustainability has three pillars:

• economic prosperity and development, • environmental integrity, • social equity. We try to focus on the economic pillar of franchising sustainability. This pillar

is based on initiatives that aim at ensuring the firm´s long-term survival through innovation, efficiency and wealth creation. In addition the franchising model is characterized by fluent dialogue and close relationships with one of the principal

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stakeholder groups: franchisees. Entrepreneurs-franchisors who have successfully tested a highly profitable business concept use franchising to replicate the business concept through the opening of franchising outlets. franchisor-franchisee relationships are governed by contracts whose clauses are negotiated by both parties.

3 Conclusion At the conclusion we may observe, that franchising is a very modern form of business, which is passing in recent years the phase of renaissance, from economic aspect, as well. Franchising is able to adopt the market requirements and belongs to those, who responses the consumer claims. Its GDP share will permanently increase. One of the franchising enterprisers ascertained that in 20 years the franchising entrepreneurship share will arrive 50 %. This affirmation we consider as to brave and optimistic, but nevertheless it brings a realistic view on franchising, as characteristic model of business in 21st century.

References ADP 2015. ADP Franchising Report. ADP, 2015. DFV 2012. Franchising -Ratgeber 2012/2013. Berlin 2012, 144 s. EFF, 2018. Franchising : definition & description. Brussels [online], [cit.

2018-02-15]. Access on internet: http://www.eff-Franchising .com/101/Franchising -definition-description.html

KOTLER, P. ̶ KELLER, K. L. 2013. Marketing management. Praha: Grada Publishing, 14. issue, 2013. 814 p. ISBN 978-80-247-4150-5.

WINER, R. S. – DHAR, R. (2011). Marketing Management. Pearson Education, Columbus, 2001. 506 p. ISBN 978-0-13-038792-9.

CURRENT IMPACT OF GEOECONOMIC CHANGES ON THE WESTERN BALKAN REGION

Andrea Chlebcová, PhD student

University of Economics in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

Abstract South-eastern Europe, especially the Western Balkans, is a traditional priority of several countries' foreign trade policy. The slow progress of European Union engagement in the Western Balkans in recent years encourages stronger economic and political influence of other world countries in the region, especially Russia, Turkey and China. The aim of this paper is to examine the development of relations of Turkey, Russia and China with the Western Balkans and their impact on the position of the European Union in the region.

Key words Foreign Trade, Western Balkans, European Union, Russia, Turkey,

China Introduction Due to unfavorable historical development, the economies of the

region are struggling with several problems such as high unemployment, corruption in government institutions, organized crime and shadow economy. In recent years, the Western Balkan countries have made significant progress in the process of

http://www.eff-franchise.com/101/franchising-definition-description.htmlhttp://www.eff-franchise.com/101/franchising-definition-description.html

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economic transformation, democratization and implementation of reforms. The region has become a perspective, rapidly growing market with more than 25 million consumers, growing annually at an average rate of 3%. The market potential of the region is significant especially regarding the geographical location, thanks to which it is considered a "gateway to Europe" and a fundamental transit route from northern to southern Europe.

The European Union is currently the most significant donor and investor, as well as a political partner of the Western Balkans [Kašťáková-Ružeková, 2019]. Since 1999, by the introduction of the Stabilization and Association Process, the European Union has declared that the Western Balkan countries belong to the European structures as its immediate neighbors. While Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia already have official status of a candidate country to the European Union, Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as Kosovo are potential candidates.

However, for the past 10 years, there has been noticeable decline in the political and legislative power of the European Union as a dominant player in the Western Balkans. The slowdown of activity in the region has created space for more intensive economic and political influence of other global and regional actors. Efforts to increase the influence in the Western Balkan region are present mainly in the Turkish foreign policy, which builds relationships with culturally and ethnically close territories. Turkey is trying to restore its historical position in the region through gradual deepening of intergovernmental relations, increase of trade exchange and strengthening of social ties in the region. The foreign and security policy of Russia, which sees the Western Balkans as “near foreign countries”, has been trying to get the region into its sphere of influence particularly through the use of cultural and religious ties. The aim of Russia is to deepen the energy dependence of the region on Russians supply of natural gas and oil. Since 2012, activities of China in the Western Balkans has been growing in the 17+1 format, which includes all Western Balkan countries except Kosovo (China does not acknowledge the independence).

Results and Discussion The European Union is aware of the geopolitical importance of the Western Balkan count

l. n. gumilyov eurasian national university · ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ...

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