leprosy by: dhaine

8/14/2019 Leprosy by: DHAINE

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LEPROSYNadine Z. Villarin


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Definition

Leprosy also known as Hansen's disease,is a slowly progressing bacterial infectionthat affects the: Skin

peripheral nerves in the hands and feet

mucous membranes of the nose, throat, andeyes.

According to official reports received during 2008 from118 countries and territories, the global registeredprevalence of leprosy at the beginning of 2008 stood at212,802 cases, while the number of new cases detected

during 2007 was 254,525


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Etiologic agent

Mycobacterium leprae

Mode of transmission: Droplet inhalation(Airborne)

Infected soil

Two types of leprosy: PAUCIBACILLARY LEPROSY (PB) -

tubercoloid type

MULTIBACILLARY Leprosy (MB)


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Diagnosis

Signs and symptoms: Well-defined skin lesions that are numb. Flat and red lesions

chronic stuffy nose (LL) nodules and lesions

all over the body and face.

Foot drop


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Incubation Period

Varies anywhere from 6 months 40years.

On an average, it takes 4 years for thesymptoms of tuberculoid leprosy todevelop.

Lepromatous leprosy develops evenmore slowly, taking an average of 8years for the initial lesions to appear.


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Complications:

Sensory loss Gangrene

Mutilation of digits

Infection of open wounds

neuroapthic pain

Laboratory diagnosis:

Culture and smear Acid-fast bacilli


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Treatment

Drugs used: Dapsone

Rifampin Ofloxacin; minocycline; clarithromycin

Clofazimine

Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) duration of treatment: 1 year


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MDT Blister Pack


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Prevention and Control

treat all leprosy cases to prevent spreadof infection

young children should avoid direct

contact with untreated patients practice personal hygiene maintain body resistance by healthful

living good nutrition enough rest and exercises clean environment


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VACCINATION

BCG, Leprae protein

CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS

Dapsone

(only in Tuberculoid)


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Leprosy Control Program

envisions to eliminate Leprosy as a humandisease by 2020 and is committed to eliminateleprosy as a public health problem by attaininga national prevalence rate (PR) of less than 1

per 10,000 population by year 2000. Its elimination goals are: reduce the national

PR of


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Program thrust is towards finding hidden

cases of leprosy and put them on Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT), emphasizing thecompletion of treatment within the WHOprescribed duration.

Strategies are case-finding, treatment,advocacy, rehabilitation, manpowerdevelopment and evaluation.

Multi-drug therapy (MDT) can be availedfrom any health center in the country


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Thank

You!

leprosy by: dhaine

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