li jkr pasir mas
TRANSCRIPT
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JABATAN KERJA RAYA
JAJAHAN PASIR MAS
Address : Jabatan Kerja Raya Jajahan Pasir
Mas, 17000 Pasir Mas,
Kelantan.
Phone. No : 09-7908040
Logo :
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CHAPTER 1: SITE INVESTIGATIONAims to get potential value bearing land and identify
types of land for each layer under foundation of
construction, land strength of soil and moisture
content.
Most suitable used to design foundation supply
something construction where very important
strength of soil factor because all load focused onthat land.
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SOIL INVESTIGATION SELECTION
Geological condition on site
Design site surface
Type of information that is needed
Cost and time
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SOIL TEST WHICH OFTEN CONDUCTED IN
MALAYSIA
Mackintosh Probe
Wash Boring
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SOIL TEST UNDER LABORATORY
Bearing Test California Size Distribution Analysis
Soil Particle
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CHAPTER 2: FOUNDATION
Defined as part of building structure which it touch
further to land and also act as lowest part located
above those land bear. Built to move basic structure burden such as column,
beam, floor etc to land safely.
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FOUNDATION FUNCTION
Spread building load so that burden altogether can
be borne by building safely.
Prevent building of settle into soil.
To seek stable and flat surface for construction
works later.
Increase building stability with are structure in soils.
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FOUNDATION SELECTION FACTORS
Land physical condition
Building load (live load and dead load)
Economy
Nature and kind of building
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FOUNDATION TYPES
Pad Foundation
Raft Foundation
Band FoundationPile Foundation
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PILE FOUNDATIONIs reinforcement post which aims support one
building.
Knocked and implanted into land and concreted withother reinforcement for building pile cap through
starter bar fitted at him.
His use main function was to move live load or dead
load (his structure is own) into soil uniformly andefficient.
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TEST ON PILE (STATIC LOADING TEST)Made aimed at:
Determine maximum liability capacity obtained by pile.
Ensure pile knocked acceptable from structure aspect.
Determine link between pile depositions with loaded brought.System used was block system kentledge because amounts of
weight hit was double pile work load.
Equipment of necessity to test this is:
Hydraulic Jack and Pressure Gauge
Dial Gauge
Levelling Instrument
Concrete block
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CHAPTER 3: FORMWORK
Was one mould where concrete is poured and
reinforced.
To make up concrete is wanted.Is made from woodwork, steel or plastic
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FORMWORK INSTALLATION WORKSMust be built firmly and strong not to curved or
expand when concrete included in its.
Must be easy to be opened without damaging ordisturb concrete.
Must be cleaned fully and should free from wood
dust, wood shaving, mud dust or other does not
require.Need to be wiped with mould oil that does not leave
diacritical concrete, approved prior reinforcement
housed.
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OPEN FORMWORK
Opened gradually without shaking or shock not to
occurence of damages in structure surface.
Minimum time period for period opening formwork
Mould Place Opening Period
Timber side 4 days
Volley to floor 10 days
Volley to timber 21 days
Column and wall without load 7 days
Floor side (volley no come off) 4 days
Floor which exceeded 3.3m broad 28 days
Timber bottom 28 days
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CHAPTER 4: REINFORCEMENT
Function to bear load tension which acted in
concrete.
Concrete tension combination equivalent to 100% ofhis compressive strength.
Reinforcement designed to take forces tension
transferred or dispersed through surface bond two
that material namely concrete and reinforcement.
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Concrete and reinforcement comparison
Characteristic Concrete Steel
Strength Weak Good
Compressive strength Good Good
Shear strength Good Good
Durable Good Good
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TYPES AND SIZE OF REINFORCEMENTUsual steel reinforcement size available is from
size 10, 12, 16, 20, 25 and 32.
Steel length is in standards long form such as5m or 12m.
Hard Mild Steel
Known with symbol R'.
His outer surface shaped smooth.Used for the construction reinforcement does
not experience strong and common load useis as box link or bunk only.
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CONTINUE
High Tensile Steel
Known with symbol Y'.
His exterior is shaped rough.
Used for construction reinforcement bear load
heavier.
Hard Mild Steel High Tensile Steel
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REINFORCEMENT INSTALLATION
Reinforcement set according to engineering drawing
attached for something that building.
Reinforcement bars which overlap need to be tied strong
with binding wire.
All binder wire end should bend into from formwork
surface.
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CHAPTER 5: CONCRETE
Is additive is made from cement, sand, aggregate
and water follow certain ratio.
His advantage was malleable, achieved of naturalthing, easy formed according to static will, major
protector to reinforcement of rusty and strong from
compression aspect.
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CONCRETE MATERIALS
Cement
Aggregate
Water
Additive
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CONCRETE CAN BE BLEND BY THREE
WAYS
mix by using scoop
mix by use machine mixer
obtain supplies of factory blend completed
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CONCRETE MIXTURE RATIO
Mixture Ratio Grade Use In Structure
1 : 1 : 2 30
Reinforced concrete basis, beamconcrete land reinforced, strict concreteonce, strict concrete column once,concrete column, wall lift, water tank.
1 : 1 : 2 25 Strict concrete once, water tank.
1 : 2 : 4 20Reinforced concrete for column and
beam.
1 : 3 : 6 15 Basis floor.
1 : 5 : 10 10 Site in trench and hard ground work.
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TRANSPORT CONCRETE
Ready mix concrete from factory shall be paid into
concrete lorry.
Concrete must be transported as soon as possible from
tool blend to which place want is poured with fair way to
avoid again casting.
For small task, bucket and
wheelbarrow used and if
possible, mixer tool or readymix should might be close with
building structure to save time
transport. ready mix concrete lorry
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CASTING CONCRETEBefore concrete is poured into formwork, slump test
and cube test performed first.
Concrete should is poured in places is wanted assoon as possible after mix.
Should crammed fully by using vibrator device.
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COMPACTING CONCRETE
Aims to produce captured air inside concrete without
causing isolation materials.
Concrete packing is made by using vibrator device(compacter).
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PRESERVE CONCRETENeeded to assist concrete mix to serve process
hydration.
Important because it can avoid this concrete
surfaces from facing result rift from top layer dryness
concrete.
Concrete is preserved with put wet gunny after fresh
concrete fairly hard and small areas his surface suchas beam and basis.
Whereas for wide surface such as slab should
moisten with water.
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CONCRETE CUBE TEST Concrete cube made at the site building to seek concrete minimum
strength like those resides within stated specification. Tools of necessity to test this is mould, ram rod, spatula,
Preservation Tank and Compressive Machine.
Test made using steel mould measuring 150mm x 150mm x 150mm.
Concrete is poured in three pretty similar layers thick. Every layer
should crammed at least 35 times use ram bar. Concrete accommodated at a suitable place during 24jam before
mould being stripped.
Concrete cube placed within curing tank to process curing. This
process takes time 7, 14 and 21 days.
After 7 days, cube take out from curing tank and put concrete cube
into Compressive Machine to be tested his compressive strength.
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SLUMP TEST
Aimed to ensure concrete having same consistency will
be down with equal distance apart.
Cone filled with four concrete layers and every layer has
to be stamped as much as 25 times.
Then cone need to be pulled on vertically and placed
beside concrete formed.
Reduction value is differentiation difference between high
concrete compared to cone height.
Distance permitted was 2inch namely 50mm with
concrete state fall true.