linchuan chen. 图形处理器( graphics processing unit ),...
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Graphics Processing Units
Linchuan Chen
Definition and Functionalities 图形处理器(Graphics Processing
Unit),是一种专门用来处理在个人电脑、工作站或游戏机上图像运算工作的微处理器。
图形处理器使显卡减少了对中央处理器的依赖,并分担了部分原本是由中央处理器所担当的工作
Efficient at manipulating computer graphicshighly parallel structure more effective than general purpose CPUs for
processing of large blocks of data in parallel.
Types of GPUs
集成显卡 (Integrated GPUs)
Types of GPUs
独立显卡 (Discrete GPUs)
GPU Companies
Intel (49.4%)Mainly integrated GPUs
Nvidia (27.8%)The world's first 'GPU‘, GeForce 256,
October 11, 1999 ATI (20.6%) acquired by AMD in 2006
Released its first Radeon 9700 GPU in 2002
Nvidia and ATI control 100% for Discrete GPU market.
How Were Computer Graphics Processed before GPUs Emerged In 90s, 2D GUIs were supported by graphic chips Early – Mid 90s, 3D Games Appeared
3D real time processing were CPU-assisted Low 3D Performance Leads to Hardware-
accelerated 3D graphics. e.g. S3 ViRGE, ATI Rage,and Matrox Mystique. They are 2D GUI graphic chips with 3D features bolted
on Microsoft provided strict one-to-one support of
hardware for Direct3D. OpenGL is cross-platform The world first GPU (GeForce 256) supports hardware
3D processing
Graphic-only GPUs
After 2000GPUs allow users to do shading before
displaying graphics to the screenNvidia released the first shading capable
chip GeForce 3 March 2001ATI released Radeon 9700 in 2002,
which supports shading with looping and floating point math operations
Stream Processing and General Purpose GPUs (GPGPU) Stream Processing
Stream: a set of data, similar to an imageAll input units are processed in a SIMD wayThis concept turns the modern GPU’s shader
pipeline into general-purpose computing power
General Purpose GPUsEspecially benefits massive vector operationsCan yield several orders of magnitude higher
performance than a conventional CPUBecause each GPU incorporates hundreds of
shader cores
Popular GPGPUs
Nvidia GPUsCUDA SDK, OpenCL SDKTesla Series GPUsFermi Cards
AMD (ATI) GPUsUse OpenCLRadeon Series
GPGPU Programming Model
Coupled CPU-GPUs
Integrates CPU and GPU on the Same Chip, and the GPU supports general purpose computation
AMD Fusion (e.g. AMD A3850 APU) Intel Ivy Bridge Series (e.g. I7 3rd
gen) These are in fact a evolution of
integrated graphic cards
Applications of GPGPUs
Dealing with Highly Parallel Computations Ray Tracing, computational fluid dynamics,
weather modeling, data mining. In the top 500 list, three of the top five
fastest supercomputers in the world were CPU-GPU clusters
However, GPUs are not good at handling branches or data retrieving. For tasks like MS word processing, CPUs are still the first choice