LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Selma Akkurt Faculty of Mechanical Eng. Istanbul Tech. Univ. Gumussayu 80191 Istanbul TURKEY Phone: 90-1-245 607

Carl Altstetter Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. Univ. Illinois Urbana,IL 61801 USA Phone: 217-333 7870

Karl Aust Dept. Met. & Mat. Sc. Univ. Toronto Toronto, Ontario CANADA M53 lA4 Phone: 416-978 4430

Shefford Baker Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-2205 USA Phone: 415-723 1284

Don Beaman Dow Chemical USA 1897 Building Midland, MI 48640 USA Phone: 517-638 5804

611

Reberto. Benson Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. 343 Dougherty Engr. Bldg. University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-2200 USA Phone: 615-974 5347

Hans Bohn IFF: KF A-Jiilich Postfach 1913 D-5170 Julich GERMANY Phone: 49-2461 616270

Eberhard Burkel Sektion Physik Univ. Munchen Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 8000 Munchen 22 GERMANY Phone: 49-8921802430

Bob Cammarata Mat. Science & Eng. 102 Maryland Hall John Hopkins Univ. Baltimore, MD 21219 USA Phone: 301-338 5462

Luc Carpentier Lab. de Tribologie Ecole Centrale de Lyon BP 163 6913 Ecully Cedex FRANCE Phone: 33-78 33 81 27

612

Martin Castell Dept. Physics Cavendish Laboratory Cambridge University Cambridge CB3 OHE UK Phone: 44-223 337200

Rachrnan Chaim Dept. Materials Engr. Technion Haifa 3200 ISRAEL Phone: 972-4 29 45 89

Igor Chlebny Inst. Physique Experimentale Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne SWITZERLAND Phone: 41-21 693 3339

Cory Czarnik Center for Materials Science MS K765 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA Phone: 505-667 9243

Brain Derby Dept. Materials Parke Road Oxford University Oxford OX1 3PH UK Phone: 44-865 273 760

Paul Desch Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. Illinois Inst. Tech. Chicago, IL 60616 USA Phone: 505-665 1471

Sara Dillich US Bureau of Mines 810 7th Street, NW Washington, DC 20241 USA Phone: 202-501 9282

Suliman Dregia Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. Ohio State Univ. Columbus,OH 43210 USA Phone: 614-292 1081

Morton Eldrup Materials Dept. Riso National Laboratory P.O. Box 49 D-4000 Roskilde DENMARK Phone: 45-4237 1212 (5728)

Dave Embury Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA Phone: 416-525-4979

Jose Emiliano Dept. Ceramic Eng. Univ. A veiro 3800 Aveiro PORTUGAL Phone: 351-34 25085

Mr. J.M. Ferriera Dept. Ceramic Eng. Univ. Aveiro 3800 Aveiro PORTIGAL

613

Gretchen Fougere Lindsay Greer Dept. Mat. Sc. & Engr. Dept. Mat. Sc. & Met. Room 2036 Cambridge Univ. Northwestern University Cambridge C33 OHE Evanston, IL 60208-3108 UK USA Phone: 44-223-334 308 Phone: 708-491 7794

Jean Gri1he Dr R. Frattini Lab. de Met. Physique Dept. Chimica Fisica Univ. Poitiers Univ. Venezia 40 Ave de Tectour Pineau 30123 Venezia 86022 Poitiers ITALY FRANCE

Phone: 33-49 45 39 72 Thomas Friesen Inst. for Adv. Materials Doug Hague Joint Research Centre Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. 1-21020 Ispra (Varese) 9 Steidle Bldg. ITALY Pennsylvania State Univ. Phone: 39-332-785 722 University Park, P A 16802

USA Prof. N. Garcia Phone: 814-863-0517 Dept. Mat. Condensoda III Facultad des Ciences Sarah Hainsworth U. Autonoma de Madrid Materials Division 28049 Madrid Herschel Bldg. SPAIN The University Phone: 34-1 3974746 Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU

UK Laurence Gea Phone: 44-91 2227212 Dept. Physique des Materiaux Univ. Claude Bernard-Lyon I Yingjie He 43 Blvd II Novembre 1918 Faculty of Chemical Tech. F -69622 Villeurbanne Cedex Univ. Twente FRANCE P.O. Box 217 Phone: 33-72 43 1143 7500 AE Enschede

THE NETHERLANDS Herbert Gleiter Phone: 31-53 89 28 98 Univ. Saarlandes Gebaude 43, FB 15 Konji Higashi 6600 Saarbriivken Univ. Osaka Prefecture GERMANY 4-804 Mozu-Umemachi Phone: 49-681 302 500 I Sakai, Osaka 591

JAPAN Phone: 81-72252 1161 (2223)

614

Juha-Pekka Hirvonen Metallurgy Laboratory Technical Research Centre P.O. Box 113 02151 Espoo FINLAND Phone: 358-0 456 5430

Debra Joslin Dept. Mat. Sc. & Engr. 434 Dougherty Engr. Bldg. University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-2200 USA Phone: 615-5744343

Phillipe Kapsa Lab. de Tribologie Ecole Centrale de Lyon BP 163 6913 Ecully Cedex FRANCE Phone: 33-78338127

Andreas Kehrel Inst. Metallforshung Tech. Univ. Berlin Hardenberg Strasse 36 1000 Berlin 12 GERMANY Phone: 49-30-31 42 43 76

Jun-Ichi Koike Dept. Mechanical Eng. Oregon State Univ. Corvallis, OR 97331-6001 USA Phone: 503-737 7025

Albrecht Kumpmann Fraunhofer Inst. fur Angewandte Materialforschung Lesumer Heerstrasse 36 D-2020 Bremen 771 GERMANY Phone: 49-421 6383 139

Reijo Lappelainen Dept. Physics Univ. Helsinki Siltavuorenpenger 20M SF-00170 Helsinki FINLAND

David Lashmore B 164/224 NIST Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA Phone: 301-975 6405

Franklin Lee Guidance & Control Systems Litton Industries 5500 Canoga Ave Woodland Hills, CA 92367 USA Phone: 818-715 4442

Jean-Luc Loubet Lab. de Tribologie Ecole Centrale de Lyon BP 163 6913 Ecully Cedex FRANCE Phone: 33-78 33 81 27

Merrilea Mayo Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. 209 Steidle Bldg. Pennsylvania State U. University Park, P A 16802 USA Phone: 814-863 7330

Carl McHargue Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. 121 Perkins Hall University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-2000 USA Phone: 615-974 7680

615

Joanna McKittrick Bill Nix Mat. Sc. Program Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. U. California/San Diego Stanford University La Jolla, CA 92093-0411 Stanford, CA 94305 USA USA Phone: 619-5345425 Phone: 415-725 2605

Karen McNamara Warren Oliver 66-419 Chemical Eng. Metals and Ceramics Div. MIT Oak Ridge Nat. Lab. Cambridge, MA 02130 MS-6116 USA Oak Ridge, TN 32831-6116 Phone: 617-253 6480 USA

Phone: 615-576-7245 Eric Mittemeijer Lab. Metallurgy Mike Payne Delft Univ. Technology Theory of Condensed Matter Rotterdamswag 137 Cavendish Laboratory 2628 AL Delft Cambridge University THE NETHERLANDS Cambridge CB3 OHE Phone: 31-15 782 207 UK

Phone: 44-223 337 356 Risto Mutikainen Semiconductor Laboratory Alain Perez Technical Research Centre Dept. Physique des Materiaux PL34 Univ. Claude Bernard-Lyon I SF-02151 Espoo F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex FINLAND FRANCE Phone: 358-0 456 6310 Phone: 33-72-44 80 56

Michael Nastasi Nick Platakis Los Alamos National Laboratory Faculty of Technology MS K765 Aristololian U. Thessaloniki Los Alamos, NM 87545 54006 Thessaloniki USA GREECE Phone: 505-667 7007 Phone: 30-31991547

Theo Nguyen Krystyna Pekala Dept. K63-803 Inst. Physics IBM Almaden Research Ctr. in Warsaw Technical Univ. 650 Harry Road ul Chodkiewkza 8 San Jose, CA 95120 02-524 Warsaw USA POLAND Phone: 408-927 1826 Phone: 48-22 2100 7119

616

Marek Pekala Dept. Chemistry Univ. Warsaw AI Zqirki j Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw POLAND Phone: 48-22 224 881

John Pethica Dept. of Materials Parks Road Oxford University Oxford OXI 3Pll UK Phone: 44-865-27 3772

George Pharr Materials Science Program Rice University P.O. Box 1892 Houston, TX 77251 USA Phone: 713-527 8101 (3573)

Om. Prakash Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario, CANADA Phone: 416-525 9140

Dr. V. Provenzano Code 6372 NRL Washington, DC 20375-5000 USA

Mr. L. Rebocuta LNETI Estrada NacionallO Sacavem Codex PORTUGAL

Bill Ruff Tribology Group A215: Bldg 220 NIST Gaithersburg, MD 20888 USA Phone: 301-975 6010

Steve Savage Division of Materials National Defense Res. Est. S-I7290 Sundbyberg SWEDEN Phone: 46-8 663 1500 (1321)

Marietta Scanlon Mat. Sc. & Eng. Dept. 102 Maryland Hall John Hopkins Univ. Baltimore, MD 21218 USA Phone: 410-516 6077

Prof. H.-E. Schaefer Inst. Theorelische & Angewandte Physik Univ. Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 57 D-7000 Stuttgart 80 GERMANY Phone: 49-711 685261

Werner Schilling IFF; KF A-Jiilich Postfach 1913 D-5170 Jiilich GERMANY Phone: 49-2461 6270

Suhail Sethi Bldg. 307 Technical Univ. Denmark DK-2800 Lyngby DENMARK Phone: 45-4593 12224114

617

Dr. K. Sickafus Demetre Tsatis MST -4, MS K762 Physics Department Los Alamos National Laboratory Univ. Patras Los Alamos, NM 87545 GR-26 I 10 Patra USA GREECE Phone: 505-665 3457 Phone: 30-61 993 133

Dick Siegel Bill Unertl Mat. Sc. & Tech; 212 Lab. for Surface Science Argonne Nat. Lab. Sawyer Research Center Argonne,IL 60439 Univ. Maine USA Orono, ME 04469 Phone: 708-252 4963 USA

Phone: 207-581 2254 M. Fernanda da Silva LNETI Rouslan Valiev Estrada Nacional 10 Institute of Metals Sacavem Codex Academy of Sciences at Ufa PORTUGAL Khalturina 39 Phone: 351-1 9550021 SU 450001 Ufa

RUSSIA Jose Soares Centre de Fisica Nuclear Tadao Watanabe Univ. Lisboa Dept. Metallurgy Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2 Faculty of Engineering 1699 Lisboa Codex Tohoku Univ. PORTUGAL Sendai980 Phone: 351-1 797 3325 JAPAN

Phone: 81-222221800 (4462) Elisabeth SOderlund Dept. Phys. Met. & Ceramics Julia Weertman Royal Institute of Technology Dept. Mat. Sc. & Eng. S-10044 Stockholm 2145 Sheridan SWEDEN Northwestern Univ. Phone: 46-8 790 8325 Evanston, IL 60208-3108

USA Nadia Stelmashenko Phone: 708-491 3537 MPGroup Cavendish Laboratory Andrew Whitehead Cambridge University Materials Division Cambridge CB3 OHE Herschel Building UK Tho University Phone: 44-223 337226 Newcastle upon Tyne NEI 7RU

UK Phone: 44-91 222 7212

618

Jackie Ving Dept. of Chern. Eng. MIT Rm 666-544, 25 Ames Street Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

SUBJECT INDEX A a-alumina 463 Ab initio modelling 49 abnormal grain growth 309 abrasive wear 208 ac conductivity 529 adhesion 229,581 adhesive wear 208 advanced materials 129 advanced processing techniques 407 Ag-Pd thin films 165,185 agglomeration 372 AI-alloy films 229 AI203-Zr02 ceramics 559 alloying effects 21 alumina 315 aluminum alloys 407 aluminum films 185 amorphous AI203 417 amorphous alloys 587 amorphous ferromagnets 588 amorphous material 323,387 amorphous powders 407 amorphous zirconia 547 analytical electron microscopy 157,571 anatase 539,544 anelasticity 593 anisotropic etching of silicon 168, 182 anisotropic material 329 annealing twins 111 anodization 495,496 artificial grain boundaries 599 artificially multilayered thin films 193 atomic force microscopy 9,581 atomic order 31 atomic relaxations 523 atomic structure of interfaces 81 Au-Ni thin films 165, 167

B bandstructure 38,40,41 BeO 496 Beryllium 337,495 beryllium membranes 337 biaxial modulus 177 bicrystals 599 Bloch's theorem 38 boron contamination 561 brake materials 224 bubble raft model 289 bulge test 165,176,177,180,186,189 buried interfaces 599

619

C cage-condensation 515 calorimetric measurements 62 CdS 512 cemented carbide cutting tool 463 ceramic CVD coatings 463 ceramics 449 chemical contrast 489 chemical energy 71 chemical equilibrium 57 chemical potential 57 chemical precipitation 540 chemical reactivity 530 cleavage 489 closed pores 372 cluster assembly 515 clusters 510 co-sputtering 475 coatings 207, 224 coble creep 250, 351 coherency dislocations 260 coherency stresses 68 cold working 323 compaction 547 composite films 184 composite material 323 composition 511 compressibility modulus 429,443 compression and bending 490 compressive strains 489 computer simulations 10 confinement effects 511 consolidation 407 contact 582 contact areas 581 continuum theory of contact 581 conventional sintering 559 copper 216 corrosion cracking 115 corrosion properties 113 corrosion resistance 223 cracking 449 cracking thresholds 449 cracks 279,449,490 creep 250,417 creep measurements 244 creep superplasticity 345 criticallengthscales 76 cryomilling 521 crystallization 387, 547, 587 CSL/DSC model 108 Cu 512,528,531 Curie temperature 81,588,589

620

D dangling bond 48 Debye temperature 587, 589 defects 3, 571 deflection modulus 173 deflection of square membranes 183 defonnation 287,401,605 defonnation maps 288 defonnation mechanism maps 353 defonnation wear 200 delamination 255 densification 539,541,565 density 3, 5, 244 density functional theory 50 density variation 14 differential scanning calorimetry 310 diffraction analysis 135 diffuse interfaces 58 diffuse transition 14 diffusion bonding 376 diffusion in nanophase materials 528 diffusional flow 358 diffusivity 12 dilatometric analysis 588 disclinations 117 dislocation accumulation 287, 288 dislocation glide 348 dislocation pile-up 274 dislocation slip 606 dislocation sources 532 dislocations 75, 242, 255 dispersion hardening 315 dissociative absorption 530 domain interaction effects 512 domain size 511 dopants 374 ductility 207, 532 dynamic grain growth 361,368

E e.mJ. measurements 63 elastic moduli 335 elastic modulus 449,481,495 elastic properties 170, 185, 193 elasticity 329, 332 electrical resistivity 587 electrical resistivity of grain boundaries 113 electrochemical deposition 547 electrochemical measurements 61 electrodeposition 315 electromigration 229 electron scattering 587 epitaxy 259

erosion 199 ESCA 475,496 ESCA-Auger spectroscopy 476 evaporation 64,157 EXAFS 17 excess free energy 53 exchange interactions 589 explosive reactions 71

F fatigue 224 Fe 531 FeNi alloys 571 fenni level 45 ferromagnetic materials 157 fIlms on substrates 255 fme scale structures 287, 288 fmegrain ceramic 401 fmite crystal 565 fmite element simulations 180 flaws 248 flow 287, 289 fluid lubricant 204 fourier transfonned infra red spectra 18 fracture 449,490 fracture mechanics 454 fracture toughness 449 free volumes 81 friction 199,203,495,501 friction coefficient 203, 209 friction films 429,432 frustration 526

G GaAs/AlAs superlattices 489 gas bearing 495 gas evaporation technique 571 gas-condensed clusters 516 general principles 511 geometric characterization 107 glancing angle x-ray diffraction 475 glassy state 4, 7 gradient energy coefficient 58 gradient energy effects 67 grain boundaries 3,107,242,512,523,565,587 grain boundary character distribution 129 grain boundary design 129 grain boundary diffusion 112, 229 grain boundary energy 110 grain boundary junctions 55 grain boundary mobility 112

grain boundary phase 303 grain boundary properties 109 grain boundary relaxation 229 grain boundary sliding 351,533,542 grain growth 361,372,525,565 grain growth kinetics 124 grain size 129,241,287,475,547 grain size distribution 518 grain-boundary thickness 121 grains 522 green-state porosity 519 Griffith equation 248

H Hall-Petch 220,312,381,122,241,288 hardening rate 288 hardness 63, 170,223,244,329,332,417,429,432,

434,436,463,469,475,495,502,605,496 He desorption 81 HfBN films 475 high resolution scanning electron microscopy 489 high strain rates 407 high strain-rate sensitivity 409 high temperature fracture 113 high temperatures 401 high-energy ball milling 521 hot-pressing 547 HREM 524 hydrostatic pressure 12 hyperfine field 11

I image dislocation 266 impact 199,202 implantation 495, 496 implanted sapphire 429,432,434 incompatibility 3 indentation 329,330,331,491,495,605 indentation cracking 451 indentation fracture measurements 469 indentation hardness 169,207 indentation modulus 170 indentation stress fields 451 ineret gas condensation 309 intercrystalline structure 120 interdiffusion 69,70 interface control 115 interface crossing 276 interface instabilities 279 interface states 48,44 interfaces 81, 511

interfacial effects 120 interfacial free energy 56 interfacial phases 59 interfacial stress 56, 67, 69 interfacial tension 54 intergranular stress 115 intermetallic 381 internal friction 229, 595 internal strains 246 internal stresses 262 interphase boundaries 3 interphase spacing 287 interplanar spacing 109 ion mass spectrometry 469 ion-implanted beryllium 502 isomer shift 11

K x-alumina 463 kinetic properties III kinetics of transformations 73 Knoop hardness 331 Knoop indentor 329,334

L lattice defects 5 lattice deformations 135 layer deposition 513 liquid crystal polymers 329,332 localized shear failure 289 low load indentations 489 lubricant 199

M magnetic dipole energy 158 magnetic moment 81,588 magnetic ordering 12 magnetic perturbations 81 magnetic properties 81 magnetization 588 marten sites 135 martensitic transformation 74 mechanical attrition 64, 521 mechanical behavior 122,241,531 mechanical characterization 417 mechanical deflection 165

621

mechanical properties 113, 167,287,315,323,495 mechanical properties of

semiconductor superlattices 494

622

mechanical relaxation spectroscopy 229 melt spinning 588 melting enthalpy 66 melting point 59, 65 melting-point suppression 527 membrane 337 metallic materials 287 metastable phases 72 mica 429,441 micro gravimetry 571 microbeam deflection 165, 172 microbeam deflection experiment 188 microhardness 316,497,531,547 microindenter 496 micromachining 182 microstructure 199,475,593,463 microwave sintering 559 milling 223 misfit dislocations 264 Mo 605 modulus 417, 469 modulus of elasticity 495 molecular beam epitaxy 489 MoSi2lSiC composite coatings 469 M(!ssbauer measurements 10, 571 multilayer 76,135,210,222,255,510,593 multiply twinned particles 60 muons 81

N Nabarro-Herring creep 350 nano-indenter 490 nanocrystalline 361,401,565 nanocrystalline Cu 241 nanocrystalline materials 120,122,123,241 nanocrystalline Pd 241 nanocrystalline phase 587 nanocrystalline titania 539 nanocrystalline zirconia 547 nanocrystallizing 587 nanoglasses 29 nanograin ceramic films 401 nanohardness 495 nanoindentation 63, 165, 169, 188,429,449,

470,480 nanoindenter 475,476,97,497 nanophase 381 nanophase ceramics 533 nanophase materials 65,509 nanophase metals 532 nanostructured alloys 3,26 nanostructured materials 3,509 nanostructured solids 81

Nb3Sn 531 near-net-shape forming 534 nearest neighbour coordinations 3, 5 Ni-Al20 315 Ni-Cu multilayer 211 Ni3Al 385 nickel 216 non-equilibrium GB's 304 non-specular reflectivity 599 nucleation 73, 544

o open pores 372 optical properties 529 Ostwald ripening 58 oxidation 571 oxygen deficiency 519

p paraffin oil 218 parallel computers 51 Pd 528 phase stability 526 phase transformation 374,539,544 phonon vibration 565 Photoacoustic-Fourier-Transform Infrared

Spectroscopy 565 physical properties 113 physical vapor deposition 407 pile-up 605 planar packing density model 109 plastic deformation 303 plastic flow 288 plastic tensile strains 309 polyimide 337,581 polymer surfaces 581 polymers 332 pores 522 porosity 361,370,523,547 positive exponent superplasticity 413 positron annihilation spectroscopy 571 positron lifetimes 13 positrons 81 pseudo potentials 50 pseudomorphism 73 pull-off force 582

Q quadrupole splitting 18

quasicrystalline phase 73 quasimolten state 60

R Raman spectroscopy 519 rapid solidification 559 reduction 571 relaxation 587 relaxation time 159 residual stress 481 rf sputtering 565 rolling 199 rolling contact 202 roughness 599 Rutherford backscattering 469 rutile 539,544

S SAM 496 sample densities 519 sapphire 417,429,436 scanning tunneling microscopy 9,523,605 scanning-electron microscopy 316 Scherrer formula 478 secondary electron yields 489 semiconductor superlattices 489 sharp density transition 14 shear mechanisms 539 short range ordering 589 simulations 176 single crystals 605 sinterability 528 sintering 547,571 sintering-forging 374 SiNx films 185, 186 SiSixGe I-x strained layer superlattices 489 sliding 113, 199 small angle scattering 15 soft x-ray windows 337 solid state amorphization 72 solubility 66 solute segregation 110 solute solubility 13 solute-doped boundaries 22 specular relectivity 599 spin wave stiffness constant 588 spin waves 588 spinel 401 spinodal decomposition 68 sputter deposition 469 sputtering 64

stability 525 STM 605 stoichiometry 519 stored enthalpy 20 strain rate sensitivity 363, 532 strength 170, 532 strengthening 287 stress gradients 268 stress intensity factor 450 stress relaxation method 401 stress-strain behavior 401 structural disorder 524 structural force 441,429 structural models 117 structural resistivity 587 structural stability 589 substrate interaction stress 189, 175 superheating 74 superlattice thin films 193 supermodulus effect 165, 166, 189, 193 superplasticity 361, 381, 401 surface damage 201 surface force apparatus 429 surface free energy 56 surface state 44,48 surface structures 565 surface tension 55 surface wear 521 surfaces 581 symmetry 37 synthesis 509

T tensile tests 248, 313, 401 tetragonal zirconia 547 texture development 287 thermal expansion 10, 20 thermal expansion mismatch 67 thermal measurements 61 thermal stability 123 thermodynamics 53 thermodynamics of interfaces 54 thermoelectric power 588 thermotropic polymer 329,329,332 thin films 337,417,449,481,593 threshold stress 401 TiAl 381 TiBN films 475 tight-binding mode 47 TiOz 363, 528, 532 tip defect 429,434,436 total energy 49 toughness 207, 223

623

624

transmission electron microscopy 9,157,522 tribology 199 tribomaterials 206 triple junction diffusivity 122 triple junction drag 124 triple junctions 81, 118, 122 triple line control 119 triple line energy 118 triple line properties 118 triple line softening 123 triple lines 117 tungsten 605 twin-limited CSL distribution 115 twist grain boundaries 599

U ultimate tensile strength 314 ultra fme grained 309 ultra high strength 287, 291 ultra-frne particles 59,571 ultra-fine structures 135 ultra-low load depth-sensing 476 ultra-low load indentation 417, 463 ultrafine nickel particles 157 undercooling experiments 74

V vacancies 75 Vickers hardness 312,331,607 Vickers indenter 329,333,489 Vickers microhardness 605 Vickers pyramid 608 volume fraction 120

W wear 199,200,222,497,501 wear coefficient 207 wear prediction 200 wear volume 205, 207 work hardening 288 work of adhesion 581

X x-my diffraction 469,588,594 x-my measurements 246 x-my reflectivity 599

y Y 203 365,530 yeild strength 338, 288 yield stress 241,481 Young's modulus 329,335,429,432,434,436,475,

496,596 yttrla stabilized zirconia 401

Z Zener type drag 124 Zno 364,532 Zr02 365