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Logic Block Architectures

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Page 1: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

Logic Block Architectures

Page 2: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Crosspoint Solution

Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect

− suffer from area-inefficiency The other extreme: A uP as a logic block

Page 3: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Plessey

Configuration Memory

8-2 MUX

Clk

Data

Q

Page 4: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Fine Grain LC

مزيت:•

تقريبا از همه ي سخت افزار مي توان استفاده کرد.•

اشکال:•

نياز به تعداد قابل توجه قطعه سيم و سوييچهاي برنامه ريزي •.تاخير و مساحت

• قرار داد تا در پيچيده سلول کمي بهتر است تابع را در تعداد سلولهاي متعدد پراکنده

)البته در اين صورت ممکن است مقداري از سلول پيچيده بال استفاده بماند(.

Page 5: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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LCها

:Actel (Act-1): شرکت3 نمونه •A0

A1

SA

B0

B1

SB

S0S1

قابليت پياده سازي •

ورودي،2 همه ي توابع •

ورودي4 و 3 گيتهاي پايه ي•

( AND، OR، NAND، NOR)

4 و 3 بسياري از توابع •ورودي،

8 و 7، 6، 5 بعضي از توابع •ورودي،

• MUX،ها

• FF.

Page 6: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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ACT-1

Page 7: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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ACT-2 LC

C-Cell S-Cell

Page 8: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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pASIC LC

QuickLogicشرکت •

ها يک در AND وروديهاي • دارد تا نيازي به NOTميان NOT.اضافي نباشد

• LC هايMUX-based:

• Functionality باال با تعداد کمي ترانزيستور.

اما نياز به منابع •routing.زياد

• مناسب براي سوييچهاي کوچک )آنتي

فيوز(.

Page 9: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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pASIC LC

Page 10: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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pASIC

Page 11: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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LUT

Page 12: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Static CMOS gate vs. LUT

• Number of transistors: NAND/NOR gate has 2n transistors. 4-input LUT has 128 transistors in SRAM, 96 in multiplexer

(for LUT decoders, …).• Delay:

4-input NAND gate has much less delay than SRAM.• Power:

SRAM always burns power.− Static gate’s power depends on activity.

Page 13: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Static CMOS Gate vs. LUT

LUT LE is considerably more expensive than a static CMOS gate. LE Design requires careful attention to circuit

characteristics.

Page 14: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Xilinx X4000 CLB

Page 15: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Xilinx X4000 CLB

قابليت پياده سازي •

ورودي + 4 ورودي + يک تابع ديگر تا 4 همه ي توابع تا • ورودي،3يک تابع ديگر تا

ورودي،5 همه ي توابع تا •

ورودي،6 ورودي + بعضي توابع تا 4 همه ي توابع تا •

ورودي.9 بعضي از توابع •

پياده سازي توابع عريض باعث کاهش قابل مالحظه ي تاخير •مي شود.

Page 16: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Altera MAX 7000 (CPLD)

Page 17: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Altera MAX 7000 (CPLD)

• EPLD: EEPROM-based PLD سوييچهاي( floating gate.)

با سطوح منطقي کم SOPسازي توابع بزرگ به صورت پياده•.تاخير کم

از آنها مشکل است.efficient اشکال: استفاده ي •

• XOR مي تواند F’ را توليد کند افزايش functionality.بلوک

Page 18: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Altera FLEX 8000

Page 19: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Xilinx Virtex CLB

CLB مشابه با فيدبك محلي در داخل slice 4شامل •

Page 20: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Slice

functionدو شامل slice هر generator که به صورت هاي زير

برنامه ريزي مي شود:

ورودي LUT 4 يک•

بيتيROM 16 يا RAMيا يك •

shift register 16يا عنصر •بيتي.

Page 21: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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نيمه يك sliceجزئيات

Separate read address (G) and write address (WG)

Page 22: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Distributed SelectRAM

بيتي سنكرون RAM 16 مي تواند يك LUT هر•باشد.

در يك CLB

•Single port 16x8

•32x4

•64x2

•128x1

•Dual port 16x4

•32x2

•64x1

Page 23: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Shift Register

CLKسنكرون با •

A[3:0]خواندن بيتها: با خطوط آدرس •

را مي توان به اولين بيت shift register آخرين بيت يك •shift register بعدي وصل كرد

shift register بلندتر

Page 24: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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يك shift registerاتصال در CLBها

Page 25: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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ها تراشه مشخصات

Page 26: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Flex10K Architecture

Page 27: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Cyclone III Architecture

Page 28: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Flex/Cyclon III Logic Array Block (LAB)

Page 29: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Cyclone III LE

Page 30: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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MAX-II

Page 31: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Logic Element (LE)

• FF قابل برنامه ريزي به صورت D، T، JK، SR.

مي توانند ازpreset و clk، clr سيگنالهاي •

سيگنالهاي ورودي سراسري،•

، general purpose ي I/O پينهاي •

مدار منطقي گرفته شود.•

چند خروجي با کنترل مستقل •

LUT و FF مي توانند براي اعمال مستقل استفاده شوند.

Page 32: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Register Chain & Cascade Chain

هاي مجاور LE دو مسير داده ي سريع بين • LAB Local)بدون نياز به استفاده از

Interconnect).

ها در LAB و همه ي LABها در يک LE همه ي •يک رديف را به هم وصل مي کند.

• Carry Chain براي Adder ها و شمارنده ها ومقايسه کننده هاي سريع با تعداد بيت بسيار

باال.

• Register Chain براي cascade کردن register هايLABداخل يک

Page 33: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Cyclone III Register Chain

• Allows LUTs to be used for combinational functions and the registers to be used for an unrelated shift register.

• These resources speed up connections between LABs while saving local interconnect resources.

Page 34: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Cyclone III Carry Chain

Page 35: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Stratix II/III/IV

Page 36: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Strativ II/II/IV LAB

Page 37: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Altera Stratix IV Logic Element

Page 38: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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Adaptive Logic Module

• ALM: An 8-input structure that can implement many

combinations of logic functions, including:− One 6-input logic function− Two 4-input logic functions− One 5-input and one 3-input function− Two 6-input functions that share the same logic function

and 4 inputs

Page 39: Logic Block Architectures. 2 Crosspoint Solution  Requires the use of large amounts of programmable interconnect −  suffer from area-inefficiency

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References

• [Kuon07] I. Kuon and J. Rose, “Measuring the gap between FPGAs and ASICs,” IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 203–215, 2007.

• [Xilinx] www.xilinx.com

• [Altera] www.altera.com