洛陽龍門風景區 Longmen Scenic

AreaLuoyang, Henan, China

Longmen Scenic Area consists of the following three spots, which are located 12 km (7.5 miles) south of Luoyang, Henan, China.龍門風景區包含下列三個景點，它們位於中國河南洛陽城南 12 公里 (7.5 英里 ) 處。1. Longmen Grottoes 龍門石窟2. Xiangshan Temple 香山寺3. Bai Garden 白園

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橫臥於伊水之上的龍門大橋

Longmen Scenic Area Entrance Gate

龍門景區入口

1. Longmen Grottoes 龍門石窟The Longmen Grottoes or Longmen Caves are one of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist art. Housing tens of thousands of statues of Buddha and his disciples.

There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 1,400 caves, ranging from an 1 inch (25 mm) to 57 feet (17 m) in height. 30% date from the Northern Wei Dynasty and 60% from the Tang, caves from other periods accounting for less than 10% of the total. Starting with the Northern Wei Dynasty in 493 AD, patrons and donors included emperors, Wu Zetian of the Second Zhou Dynasty, members of the royal family, other rich families, generals, and religious groups.

In 2000 the site was inscribed upon the UNESCO World Heritage List as “an outstanding manifestation of human artistic creativity,” for its perfection of an art form, and for its encapsulation of the cultural sophistication of Tang China.

龍門石窟有好幾萬尊佛陀和弟子的雕像，是中國佛教藝術的最佳範例之一。有 1,400 個洞穴， 10 萬尊雕像，高度從 1 英寸（ 25 毫米）到 57 英尺 (17 米 ) 。洞穴 30 ％ 屬於北魏時期， 60 ％ 屬於從唐，不到 10 ％ 屬於其他期間。由於是一種完美藝術形式和唐代複雜中國文化的包裝， 2000 年以「人類藝術創造力的傑出表現」被列入聯合國教科文組織世界遺產名錄。

賓陽三洞 (The Three Binyang Caves)由左至右分別為賓陽南洞、中洞、北洞。From left to right, South Binyang Cave, Middle Binyang Cave and North Binyang Cave.

Middle Binyang Cave Middle Binyang Cave, is carved in the Northern Wei style on the west hill, on the northern floor. It was built by Emperor Xuanwun to commemorate his father Xiaowen, and also his mother. In the main wall of this cave, five very large Buddhist statues are carved all in Northern Wei style. The central statue is of Sakyamuni Buddha with four images of Bodhisattvas flanking it. Two side walls also have Buddha images flanked by Bodhisattvas. The Buddhas, arranged in three groups in the cave, are representative of Buddha of the past, the present, and the future. The canopy in the roof is designed as a lotus flower.

在西山北側，是北魏風格雕刻。北魏宣武帝為他父親孝文帝及母親做功德而建。 洞穴主牆有北魏風格 5 尊大佛雕像，中央是釋迦牟尼佛，兩側是四尊菩薩。南北牆壁菩薩兩側也有很多佛像。山洞裡的佛分為三種型態，過去佛，現在佛和未來佛。洞內中央雕刻有蓮花寶蓋。北魏時期崇尚瘦美，所以主佛釋迦牟尼面頰清瘦，脖頸細長，體態修長，衣紋密集。

賓陽中洞 ( 第 140 窟 )

South Binyang CaveSouth Binyang Cave, has five very large images which were carved by Li Tai, the fourth son of Li Shimin, the first Tang Emperor. He made them in 641 AD in memory of his mother Empress Zhangsun. The central image in a serene appearance is that of Amitabha Buddha seated on a pedestal surrounded by Bodhisattvas, also serene looking in blend of the Northern Wei and the Tang Dynasty styles.

賓陽南洞 (

第 159

窟) 賓陽南洞，有五尊很大的佛像，是唐太宗李世

民的第四子李泰在北魏廢棄的基礎上又續鑿而

成。他是在公元 641

年為他的生母長孫皇后做

功德而建。中央基座坐著阿彌陀佛左右圍着菩

薩，形象端莊，面態飽滿，體型豐腴，將北魏

和唐代風格融為一體。

萬佛洞 10,000 Buddhas Cave

Ten Thousand Buddhas Cave Ten Thousand Buddhas Cave was built in 680 by Gaozong and Wu Zetian. It houses 15,000 Buddhas carved in small niches, different from each other, with the smallest Buddha being 2 cm (0.79 in) in height.

萬佛洞萬佛洞於 680 年由唐高宗和武則天建造。在南北兩側牆壁小龕中，整齊排列著完全不同的 15,000 尊小佛像雕刻而得名，每尊只有四厘米高，最小的佛像高度只有 2 厘米（ 0.79 英寸）。洞內主佛為阿彌陀佛，端坐於雙層蓮花座上，面相豐滿圓潤，兩肩寬厚，簡潔 流暢的衣紋運用了唐代渾圓刀的雕刻手法。主佛背後還有五十二朵蓮花，每朵蓮花上都端坐有一位 供養菩薩，她們或坐或側，或手持蓮花，或竊竊私語，神情各異，像是不同少女的群體像。在南北兩壁的壁基上 各刻有六位伎樂人，舞伎在悠揚的樂曲聲中翩翩起舞，體態輕盈，婀娜多姿。洞口南側 還有一尊菩薩像，她是龍門石窟唐代眾多菩薩像的精美範例。菩薩通高 85 厘米，頭部向右傾斜，身體成「 s 」形的曲線，整個姿態顯得非常優美端莊。

萬佛洞 主佛阿彌陀佛 與南壁萬佛雕像

萬佛洞

外側北壁雕像

觀音菩薩

萬佛洞外 南壁雕像

Lotus CaveLotus Cave, dated to 527, belongs to be the Northern Wei period. The Grotto has a large lotus flower carved in high relief on its ceiling. Several small Buddhas are carved into the south wall. Also seen are shrines in the south and north wall in the niches.

蓮花洞 ( 第 712 窟 )蓮花洞大約開鑿於北魏孝 昌年間 ( 公元 525-527 年 ) 。石窟頂雕有一朵高浮雕的大蓮花而得名。洞內主像為釋迦牟尼立像，著褒衣博帶式袈裟，衣褶簡潔明快。這是釋迦牟尼的遊說 (外出講經說法 ) 像。北側是弟子迦葉，深目高鼻，胸部筋骨突兀，手持錫杖，似一西域苦行僧，可惜其頭部早年被盜，現存法國吉美博物館。

Lotus Cave 蓮花洞

蓮花洞 主佛釋迦牟尼及窟頂的大型蓮花浮雕

Fengxian Temple Cave Fengxian Temple Cave is the Ancestor Worshipping Cave, which is the largest of all caves carved on the west hill built between 672 and 676 for Empress Wu Zetian. The carvings are claimed to be the ultimate in architectural perfection of the Tang dynasty. The shrine inside the cave measures 39m x35m. It has the largest Buddha statue at the Longmen Grottoes.

Of the nine huge carved statues, the highly impressive image of Locana Buddha is sculpted on the back wall of the Fengxian. The image is 17.14m high and has 2m long ears. Bodhisattva on the left of the main image of Buddha is decorated with a crown and pearls. Also shown is a divine person trampling an evil spirit.

The main image of Locana's features are plumpish and of peaceful and natural expression. Each of the other large statues are carved with expressions matching their representative roles.

These were carved at the orders of Empress Wu Zetian, and are considered uniquely representative of the Tang dynasty's "vigorous, elegant and realistic style." The huge Locana statue is considered as "the quintessence of Buddhist sculpture in China.”

奉先寺 ( 第 1280 窟 ) 奉先寺是龍門石窟規模最大、藝術最為精湛的一組摩崖型群雕，因為隸屬於當時的皇家寺院奉先寺而俗稱「奉先寺」。 奉先寺是祖先崇拜的洞，這是西山上最大的洞穴，於公元 672 至 676 年間為武則天所開鑿。 這些雕刻被稱為是唐朝最後的完美建築。洞內壁龕長寬 39x35 米。在龍門石窟中是最大的佛像。 九尊巨大的雕像中，奉先寺後牆的盧舍那雕像令人印象深刻，佛像高 17.14 米，頭高 4 米，耳朵長達 1.9 米。在主佛像左側的菩薩像有 王冠和珍珠裝飾，還有一位神人腳踩著一個 惡魔。 飽經滄桑、老成持重的大弟子迦葉，溫順聰慧的小弟子阿難，表情矜持、雍榮華貴的菩薩，英武雄健的天王，咄咄逼人的力士與主佛盧舍那一起構成了一組極富情態質感的美術群體形象。 盧舍那形象的 特徵是豐潤，表 達平和與自然。這座佛像面 部豐滿圓潤， 頭頂為波狀形的發紋，雙眉彎如新月，附著一雙 秀目，微微凝視著下 方。高直的鼻樑，小小的嘴巴，露出祥和的笑意。雙耳長且略向下垂，下頦圓而略向前突。圓融和 諧，安詳自在，身著通肩式袈裟，衣紋簡樸無華，一圈圈同心圓式的衣紋，把頭像烘託的異常鮮明而聖潔。其他大型雕像刻出的表情，都與他們代表的角色相匹配。 這些是武則天下令雕刻的，被認為是獨特唐朝「渾厚，優雅的寫實藝術風格」的唯一代表。巨大的盧舍那雕像被認為是「中國佛教雕塑的精髓」。

奉先寺全景Fengxian Temple Cave

盧舍那大佛Locana Buddha Statue Niche

盧舍那石佛 Locana Buddha Statue 用他那慈祥的目光注視著人間千年的風雨變遷，這座雕像是一件精美絕倫的藝術傑作，據傳是按照武則天容貌雕刻而成。

龍門石窟主窟佛教雕塑全景Panorama of the Buddhist sculptures in the main Longmen Grotto.

跨越漫水橋就是東山 ( 香山 ) 景區

3. Bai Garden白園

2. Xiangshan Temple 香山寺

1. Longmen Grottoes 龍門石窟

龍門石窟西山全景 ( 由東山攝影 )Panoramic Xishan Longmen Grottoes

玄奘西行求法雕塑

香山寺與龍門石窟隔伊河相望

Xiangshan TempleXiangshan Temple is one of the earliest temples at Longmen. It is located in the midsection of the east hill. The name 'Xiangshan' is derived from the name of the spices "Xiangge" found extensively on these hill slopes. It was reconstructed some time in 1707, during the Qing Dynasty patterned on an old temple that existed there. Temple was expanded in 2002, by adding the "Belfry, the Drum Tower, the Wing Room, the Hall of Mahavira and Hall of Nine Persons, Eighteen Arhats, the Villa of Jiang Jieshi and Song Meiling".

香山寺香山寺坐落在香山 (東山 ) 中段。因山坡上盛產香料「香葛」而得名。香山寺是北魏時期的廟宇。白居易到洛陽做河南尹，自掏腰包修香山寺，香山寺在那個年代就名聲大噪。白居易晚年把自己的經書也藏在寺裡，經常和友人談經論道。清朝 1707 年康熙時期，依據舊廟型式予以重建。寺廟在 2002 年更擴大加入了「鐘樓，鼓樓，廂房，大雄寶殿和九老堂，十八羅漢，蔣宋別墅」

2. Xiangshan Temple 香山寺

蔣宋別墅(蔣孝嚴題 )

香山寺蔣宋別墅 1936 年，為蔣介石慶祝五十壽辰，地方政府選擇香山寺南側建了兩層小樓，被稱為蔣宋別墅，當時蔣介石於 1936 年 10月 29日從西安乘火車到達洛陽，以「避壽」為名布暑「西北剿共」計劃，他於 10月 31日在別墅慶祝五十壽辰，參加人員有張學良，閻錫山等。並和夫人宋美齡三次往復洛陽，安撫非嫡係的太原閻錫山，濟南韓復渠，綏遠傅作義。於 12月初離洛陽到西安，在洛陽共呆了 36 天，基本都住在香山寺蔣宋別墅。

乾隆御碑亭：

乾隆與香山寺

清乾隆十五年（公元1750

年）九月，清高宗弘曆到中岳

封禪，至洛陽巡遊龍門香山寺，感懷賦詩《香山寺二

首》開篇第一句即為稱頌香山寺「龍門凡十寺，第一數

香山」，這首詩被人們當時鐫刻在石碑之上，並建御碑

亭，該御碑亭位於香山寺內東南側。

九老堂

九老堂：白居易與「香山九老會」唐文宗大和三年（公元 829 年），白居易來洛陽任河南尹，常在伊闕山水間流連。大和六年（公元 832 年）白居易捐資重修香山寺，並撰寫《修香山寺記》，香山寺再次聲名大振，一時間遊人絡繹不絕。此外，白居易還蒐集了 5000 多卷佛經藏入寺中。白 居易自號「香山居士」與如滿和尚等人結成「香山 九老會」吟詠於該寺的堂上林下，會昌六年（公元 846 年）白居易去世，遺命葬於香山寺如滿大 師塔側。

白居易

石樓 (The Stone Tower)唐朝武則天春遊香山寺，主持「龍門詩會 」，有名的「香山賦詩奪錦袍 」即在此發生。

鐘 樓

鼓 樓

香山寺北面出口

Bai GardenBai Garden is situated on the Pipa peak of east hill (Xiangshan Hill). It was re-built in 1709 the Qing Dynasty. The temple is surrounded by thick vegetation of pine and cypress trees.Tomb of Bai JuyiThe Tomb of Bai Juyi on the east bank is of the well-known poet during the Tang Dynasty rule who lived in Luoyang during his later years. The tomb is located on the hill top. It is approached from west bank after crossing a bridge across the Yi River. The tomb is a circular mound of earth of 4 meters height with a circumference of 52 meters. The tomb is 2.80 meters high and has the poets name inscribed on it as Bai Juyi.

白園白園坐落在東山（香山）琵琶峰上。它在 1709 年清代康熙時期重新修建。白園被茂密的松樹和柏樹所圍繞。白居易墓白居易是唐朝的著名的 詩人，晚年居住在洛陽。從龍門石窟西山窟區橫跨伊河過橋後，白居易墓位於白園坡頂東側。該墓 是一個圓形土丘高為 4 米，周長 52 米。墓碑高 2.80 米，上面刻有詩人白居易的名字。

3. Bai Garden 白園

樂天堂 Recreation Attic

樂天堂是詩人作詩會友之處，室內自然山石裸露，白居易漢白玉塑像瀟灑自然，靜座山石之上，給人以深思明世之感。

香山茶社 (Xiangshan Tea House)

日本書法家詩廊Poem Corridor of Japanese Calligrapher日本書法家詩廊 是為中日書法交流而建，多為當代日本書法名家之作，於 2000 年 3月建對外開放。

日本書法家詩廊作品

白居易誕辰 1220

週年紀念碑

墓體區位於琵琶峰頂，由此牡丹壇拾級而上。

白居易墓 (Tomb of Bai Juyi) 墓前型石鋪地，墓後草坪如毯，周圍翠柏環抱，給人以莊嚴肅穆之感。

有很多中外 ( 日、韓、新加坡 ) 仰慕白居易的立石碑

白居易族裔的立石碑

《賦得古原草送別》唐-

白居

易離離原上草，一歲一枯榮。

野火燒不盡，春風吹又生。

遠芳侵古道，晴翠接荒城。

又送王孫去，萋萋滿別情。

下此假山石階即為岀口

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