m t ch16 innate immunity s

7/25/2019 M T Ch16 Innate Immunity s

1/30

16Innate

Immunity :NonspecificDefensesof the Host


2/30

Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc , pu!"ishing as #en$a%in Cu%%ings

&'(s

Differentiate !et)een innate and adapti*e i%%unityDefine to""+"i e receptorsDifferentiate physica" fro% che%ica" factors, and "ist e-a%p"es of

eachDescri!e the ro"e of nor%a" %icro!iota in innate resistanceC"assify phagocytic ce""s, and descri!e the ro"es of granu"ocytes and

%onocytesDefine and e-p"ain phagocyte and phagocytosisE-p"ain the different stages of inf"a%%ationDescri!e the cause and effects of fe*erDescri!e t)o of the three path)ays of acti*ating co%p"e%ent and

descri!e the . outco%esCo%pare and contrast the actions of +I/N and +I/N )ith +I/NDescri!e the ro"e of transferrins and anti%icro!ia" peptides in innate


3/30

TLRs on MTLRs on M s,s,

dendritic cells,dendritic cells,epithelial cellsepithelial cells

Cytokines!

PAMPs recognition


4/30

Horseshoe structure of ' ., sho)ing attached sugarsspheres3 and interna" structures

Fig. 16.7
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/TLR3_structure.png


5/30


The Concept of Immunity

Susceptibility : 'ac of resistance to a disease

Immunity : 4!i"ity to )ard off disease

Innate immunity : Defenses against any pathogen

Adaptive immunity : I%%unity, resistance to a specificpathogen

Fig 16.1


6/30


Physical FactorsEpider%is: consists of tight"y pac ed ce""s )itheratin, a protecti*e protein

)o other protecti*e physica" factors of s in5ucus of %ucous %e%!ranes

'acri%a" apparatus

&a"i*a

Nose hairs

uco3+ci"iary esca"ator

First Line of DefenseS!in and Mucous Membranes

Fig 16.3


7/30Copyright 2006 Pearson Education, Inc , pu!"ishing as #en$a%in Cu%%ings

Chemical Factors

/ungistatic fatty acids in se!u%'o) pH .+73 of s in

'yso8y%e in 99999999999999999999999

'o) pH 53 of gastric $uice

Transferrins in !"ood

4"so i%portant: 4ntagonis% andco%petiti*e e-c"usion of nor%a" %icro!iota


8/30

" st LineDefense in

#uman

ANIMATION Host Defenses: The Big Picture
http://host_defenses_big_pic.html/



Second Line of Defense Formed $lementsin %lood Compare to Table 16.1

2 !2"#

3!$#

."!1##

2!%#6 !7 #



&rocess of &ha'ocytosis

&ha'ocytes en'ulf and !ill microor'anismsSteps of phagocytosis:

Chemota(is

Reco'nition and attachment

$n'ulfment and creation of pha'osome

Fusion of pha'osome )ith lysosomeDestruction and di'estion

Residual body $(ocytosisFig 16.7


11/30

&ha'ocytosis

Foundation Fig16.7


12/30

Inhibit adherence M

protein, capsules

Streptococcus pyogenes, S.

pneumoniae*ill pha'ocytesLeu!ocidins Staphylococcus aureus

Lyse pha'ocytesMembrane attac!comple(

Listeriamonocytogenes

$scape pha'osome Shigella

&revent pha'osome+lysosome fusion #I

Survive inpha'olysosome Coxiella burnetti

icro!ia" E*asion of Phagocytosis



Phagocytosis and E*asion of Phagocytosis

ANIMATION Ph&goc'tosis: Micro(es Th&t )*&+e It

ANIMATION ,iru-ence F&ctors: In&cti*&ting Host Defenses

ANIMATION ,iru-ence F&ctors: Hi+ing Fro Host Defenses

ANIMATION Ph&goc'tosis: Mech&nis

ANIMATION Ph&goc'tosis: O*er*ie/
http://phagocytosis.html/http://phagocytosis_mechanism.html/http://virulence_hiding.html/http://virulence_inactivating.html/http://phagocytosis_microbes.html/



Inflammation

Tissue dama'e leads to inflammatory response&urpose

Destroy patho'enlimit spread of infectionpave )ay for tissue repair

- cardinal si'ns .Acute+phase proteins /Chemical mediators0

activatedComplement proteinsCyto!inesSpeciali1ed proteins such as fibrino'en andbrady!inin


15/30


The Three Sta'es of Inflammation

"2 asodilation and increased vessel permeability due to hista%ine and other cyto ine3 re"ease ede%a

32 &ha'ocyte mi'ration and pha'ocytosisargination and diapedesis e%igration3Che%ota-is due to *arious cyto ines andco%ponents of co%p"e%ent syste%3

Pus for%ation/actors cha""enging effecti*eness ofphagocytosis

42 Tissue repair and regeneration depends on typeof tissue


16/30

Inflammatory &rocess

Diapedesi

Margination

Compare to Fig 16.8


17/30

Treatment of abscess?


18/30


Fever Abnormally #i'h %ody Temperature

Hypotha"a%us re"easesprostag"andins that reset thether%ostat

#ody reacts to raise thete%perature How?

;hen no %ore I'


19/30

%eneficial effects of moderate fever Inhi!ited pathogen gro)th

Increased ce""u"ar %eta!o"is% e.g.:Increased transferrin productionIncreased I'


20/30


Antimicrobial Substances

1 he co%p"e%ent syste%

2 Interferons

. ransferrins: !ind seru% iron

? 4nti%icro!ia" peptides: cause !acteria"

ce"" "ysis Produced !y %ucous%e%!rane ce""s and phagocytes


21/30

TheComplementSystem

Compare toFoundation

Fig 16.9


22/30


Complement System Summary

&eries of .0 p"as%a seru%3 proteins,acti*ated in a cascade

hree effects of co%p"e%ent syste%:"2 $nhances inflammatory response , e.g.:

attracts phagocytes

32 Increases pha'ocytosis throughopsoni1ation or i%%une adherence

. Creates e%!rane 4ttac Co%p"e-es MAC s3 Cyto"ysis


23/30

5psonins co%p"e%ent proteins oranti!odies3 coat !acteria and pro%oteattach%ent of %icro+organis% to phagocyte 5psoni1ation


24/30

Fig 16.12

Classical &ath)ay


25/30


26/30


Some %acteria $vade Complement

Capsu"es pre*ent Co%p"e%ent acti*ation

&urface "ipid+car!ohydrates of so%e Ara%+negati*es pre*ent 4C for%ation

En8y%atic digestion of C7a !y Ara%+positi*es

ANIMATION 0o -e ent 'ste : Acti*&tion

ANIMATION 0o -e ent 'ste : O*er*ie/

ANIMATION 0o -e ent 'ste : esu-ts
http://complement.html/http://complement_activation.html/


27/30


Interferons I/Ns3

/a%i"y of 'lycoproteinsHost+ce""+specific !ut not *irus+specific

+IF6 and +IF6: Produced !y *irus infected ce""s

ode of action is to induce uninfected ce""s to produceanti*ira" proteins A &s 3 that inhi!it *ira" rep"ication

+IF6: Produced !y "y%phocytes Causesneutrophi"s and %acrophages to phagocyti8e!acteria 4"so in*o"*ed in tu%or i%%uno"ogyeco%!inant interferons ha*e !een produced Ho)e*ershort+acting and %any side+effects No effect on a"ready

infected ce""s


28/30


Interferons I/Ns3

Fig 16.15


29/30

UnnumberedFigure 16.1a

Applications ofMicrobiology:Serum Collection

Unnumbered


30/30

UnnumberedFigure 16.1b

m t ch16 innate immunity s

Documents