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BI TP KINH T V M Bi 1: Gi s 1 nn kinh t sn xut 2 sn phm cui cng A v B c d liu v sn lng v gi trong nm 2000 v 2004 nh sau: Sn phm A Sn phm B

Sn lng (ngn ci) Gi Sn lng (ngn ci) Gi 2000 (nm gc) 10 $10 15 $5

2004 30 $12 30 $6 Tnh GPD thc nm 2000 v 2004. Bi 2: Cho s liu ca mt nn kinh t gi s nh sau:

GDP danh ngha (t USD) Ch s gi (%) 1999 398 91 2000 676 111

a) Tnh GDP thc nm 1999 v 2000. b) Tnh tc tng trng GDP nm 2000. Bi 3: Cho s liu ca mt nn kinh t gi s nh sau:

GDP danh ngha (t USD) H s kh lm pht(%) 2004 $20 100 2005 $25 114

a) Tnh GDP thc nm 2005. b) Tnh tc tng trng kinh t nm 2005. Bi 4: Cho s liu ca mt nn kinh t gi s nh sau:

2000 2003 2004 GDP danh ngha (t USD) $6.000 $6.500 H s gim pht GDP (%) 100 120 125

a) Tnh GDP thc nm 2003, 2004 theo gi nm 2000. b) Tnh tc tng trng kinh t v t l lm pht nm 2004. Bi 5: Nn kinh t XYZ sn xut 3 sn phm: my vi tnh, DVD v pizza. Bng di y trnh by gi c v sn lng ca 3 sn phm trong 3 nm 2008, 2009, 2010.

Nm My vi tnh DVD Pizza

Gi (USD) S lng (ngn ci)

Gi (USD) S lng (ngn ci)

Gi (USD) S lng (ngn ci)

2008 900 10 10 100 15 2 2009 1.000 10,5 12 105 16 2 2010 1.050 12 14 110 17 3

a) Tnh phn trm thay i sn lng ca mi sn phm t 2008 n 2009 v t 2009 n 2010. b) Tnh phn trm thay i gi c ca mi sn phm t 2008 n 2009 v t 2009 n 2010. c) Tnh GDP danh ngha ca XYZ cho tng nm trong 3 nm. Tnh phn trm thay i ca GDP danh ngha t

2008 n 2009 v t 2009 n 2010. d) Tnh GDP thc ca XYZ cho tng nm trong 3 nm, s dng gi ca nm 2008. Tnh phn trm thay i

ca GDP thc t 2008 n 2009 v t 2009 n 2010. Bi 6: Cho GDP danh ngha nm 2001 ca quc gia A l 1.512 triu ng. GDP kh lm pht nm 2001 theo gi nm 1994 l 120%. GDP danh ngha nm 2002 tng 7,47% so vi nm 2001. T l lm pht nm 2002 l 8,33%. Tnh:

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a) GDP thc nm 2001. b) GDP danh ngha nm 2002. c) GDP thc nm 2002. d) Tnh tc tng trng kinh t nm 2002. Bi 7: Trong nm 2003 c cc ch tiu thng k theo lnh th nh sau: Tng u t 150 Tiu dng h gia nh 200 u t rng 50 Chi tiu ca chnh ph 100 Tin lng 230 Tin li cho vay 25 Tin thu t 35 Thu gin thu 50 Li nhun 60 Thu nhp rng t yu t sn xut -50 Xut khu 100 Ch s gi nm 2002 120 Nhp khu 50 Ch s gi nm 2003 150

a) Tnh GDP danh ngha theo gi th trng bng phng php chi tiu v phng php thu nhp. b) Tnh GNP theo gi th trng v gi yu t sn xut. c) Tnh GNP thc v t l lm pht nm 2003. Bi 8: H thng hch ton quc gia c cc ti khon sau: u t rng 50 Tiu dng h gia nh 500 Tin lng 650 Chi tiu ca chnh ph 300 Tin thu t 50 Tin li cho vay 50 Li nhun 150 Chi chuyn nhng 50 Nhp khu 300 Thu li tc ca x nghip 40 Xut khu 400 Li nhun x nghip gi li 60 Thu gin thu 50 Thu thu nhp c nhn 30 Thu nhp yu t t nc ngoi 100 Thanh ton cho ngi nc ngoi v

yu t sn xut v ti sn 50

Trn lnh th c 3 khu vc sn xut: cng nghip, nng nghip v dch v. Cng nghip Nng nghip Dch v Chi ph trung gian 100 140 60 Khu hao 70 30 50 Chi ph khc 400 360 190 Gi tr sn lng 570 530 300

a) Tnh GDP danh ngha theo gi th trng bng 3 phng php. b) Tnh GNP theo gi th trng v gi yu t sn xut. c) Tnh cc ch tiu NNP, NI, PI, DI Bi 9: Nn kinh t nh YXZ sn xut 3 sn phm (bnh m, ph mai v pizza), mi sn phm c sn xut bi 1 cng ty ring bit. Cng ty bnh m v cng ty ph mai ln lt sn xut tt c cc nguyn liu h cn lm bnh m v ph mai; cng ty pizza s dng bnh m v ph mai t 2 cng ty trn lm pizza. C 3 cng ty u mn lao ng gip sn xut hng ha, v chnh lch gia gi tr hng ha bn c vi tng chi ph nguyn vt liu v lao ng l li nhun ca cng ty. Bng sau y tm tt hot ng ca 3 cng ty trong tt c bnh m v ph mai sn xut ra u c bn cho cng ty pizza lm nguyn liu sn xut pizza. (n v tnh: USD)

Cng ty bnh m Cng ty ph mai Cng ty pizza Chi ph nguyn liu 0 0 50 cho bnh m

35 cho ph mai Tin lng 15 20 75

Gi tr sn phm 50 35 200

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a) Tnh GDP bng phng php gi tr gia tng trong sn xut. b) Tnh GDP bng phng php chi tiu cho hng ha dch v cui cng. c) Tnh GDP bng phng php thu nhp tr cho yu t sn xut. Bi 10: Nn kinh t nh Foodtonic nm 2011 sn xut 3 sn phm: bp, b v bp rang b. Mi sn phm c sn xut bi 1 cng ty ring bit. Cng ty bp v cng ty b ln lt lm ra tt c nguyn liu h cn sn xut bp v b. Ton b xut lng bp v b c cung cp cho cng ty bp rang b v ngi tiu dng. C 3 cng ty u thu lao ng sn xut hng ha. Li nhun ca mi cng ty l chnh lch gia gi tr hng ha bn c vi tng chi ph nguyn vt liu v lao ng. Bng sau y tm tt hot ng ca 3 cng ty:

Cng ty bp Cng ty b Cng ty bp rang b

Chi ph nguyn liu $0 $0 $45 cho bp $20 cho b

Tin lng $15 $20 $75 Tng gi tr xut lng $50 $35 $180

a) Tnh GDP nm 2011 bng phng php gi tr gia tng. b) Tnh GDP nm 2011 bng phng php chi tiu. c) Tnh GDP nm 2011 bng phng php thu nhp. d) Gi s rng trong nm 2012 gi ca bp, b v bp rang b khng thay i so vi nm 2011 v tc tng

trng kinh t nm 2012 l 6%. Tnh GDP thc nm 2012. Bi 11: H thng hch ton quc gia c cc ti khon sau: GNP 5.000 Tiu dng h gia nh 3.000 Tng u t 1.000 Chi tiu ca chnh ph 800 u t rng 500 Chi chuyn nhng 550 Tin li cho vay 250 Thu nhp t vic cho thu 300 Li tc c phn 100 Thu nhp yu t rng 0 Tin lng 2.900 Thm ht ngn sch -20 Thu nhp quc dn 4.000

a) Tnh NNP, tnh trng cn cn thng mi, thu gin thu, li nhun trc thu ca cng ty. b) Tng thu thu, thu rng, thu nhp c nhn. Bi 12:

Cc ch tiu K hiu Gi tr Tng sn phm quc dn GNP 5.000 Tng thu nhp kh dng DI 4.100 Ngn sch chnh ph B -200 Tiu th cng chng C 3.800 Cn cn thng mi NX -100 Khu hao De 0 Li nhun np v khng chia Prnp & khng chia 0 Thu nhp yu t rng NFFI 0

a) Tnh tit kim v u t ca khu vc t nhn. b) Thu rng l bao nhiu? Bi 13: Trong nn kinh t gin n, gi s nm 1990 c cc hm s sau: C = 200 + 0,75Yd I = 50 + 0,05Y YP = 1.390 a) Xc nh sn lng cn bng 1990.

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b) Nm 1991, u t t nh tng 15, tiu dng t nh ca cng chng tng 20. Tnh sn lng cn bng nm 1991 v tc tng trng kinh t nm 1991.

Bi 14: Mt nn kinh t gi s ng c cc hm s sau: Tiu dng cng chng: C = 45 + 0,75Yd Hm u t: I = 60 + 0,15Y Chi tiu ca chnh ph: G = 90

Thu rng: T = 40 + 0,2Y Sn lng tim nng: YP = 740

a) Xc nh sn lng cn bng. Hy nhn xt v tnh hnh ngn sch ca chnh ph. b) Gi s chnh ph tng cc khon u t thm 10. Tnh mc sn lng cn bng mi. S tin thu chnh ph

thu thm l bao nhiu? c) T kt qu cu (b), t c sn lng tim nng chnh ph s dng chnh sch ti kha nh th no

trong trng hp: i. Ch s dng cng c G

ii. Ch s dng cng c T iii. S dng kt hp c 2 cng c

Bi 15: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 200 + 0,75Yd I = 100 + 0,2Y G = 580 T = 40 + 0,2Y

X = 350 Z = 200 + 0,05Y YP = 4.400

a) Tnh sn lng cn bng. Nhn xt v tnh hnh ngn sch v cn cn thng mi. b) Chnh ph tng chi ngn sch 75, trong chi tiu thm cho u t l 55, chi tiu thm cho tr cp l 20

(tiu dng bin ca ngi nhn tr cp bng tiu dng bin chung). Tnh sn lng cn bng mi. c) T kt qu cu (c), t c sn lng tim nng, chnh ph s dng chnh sch thu nh th no? Bi 16: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 300 + 0,7Yd I = 100 + 0,12Y G = 300 T = 20 + 0,1Y

X = 200 Z = 50 + 0,15Y YP = 2.350

a) Xc nh sn lng cn bng, tnh trng ngn sch v cn cn thng mi nm 2004. b) Nm 2005, chnh ph tng chi quc phng 30 t, tr cp tht nghip 10 t, u t tng 28 t, xut khu tng

12 t, nhp khu tng 5 t. Xc nh sn lng cn bng v cn cn thng mi nm 2005. c) T cu (b), sn lng thc t bng sn lng tim nng, chnh ph cn p dng chnh sch ti kha nh

th no? Bi 17: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 10 + 0,7Yd I = 50 G = 30 a) Xc nh sn lng cn bng trong iu kin cn bng ngn sch. b) Chnh ph tng chi ngn sch mua hng ha v dch v thm 16. Hy xc nh sn lng cn bng trong iu kin cn bng ngn sch. Bi 18: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 400 + 0,75Yd I = 800 + 0,15Y 80r Ig = 200 Cg = 700 T = 200 + 0,2Y

X = 400 Z = 50 + 0,15Y YP = 5.500 LM = 800 100r SM = 400

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a) Xc nh sn lng cn bng, tnh trng ngn sch v cn cn thng mi ti mc sn lng cn bng. b) Y = YP, cn s dng cng c mua bn chng khon (hot ng trn th trng m) nh th no? Bit t

l tin mt ngoi ngn hng c = 60%, t l d tr ca ngn hng thng mi d = 20% c) Y = YP, cn s dng chnh sch thu nh th no? Bi 19: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 400 + 0,9Yd I = 470 15r G = 900 T = 50 + 0,2Y X = 280

Z = 120 + 0,12Y YP = 4.750 LM = 480 20r SM = 420

a) Xc nh sn lng cn bng, tnh trng ngn sch v cn cn thng mi ca nn kinh t. b) Nu chnh ph cn tng chi cho gio dc 100 t, chnh sch ny nh hng nh th no n nn kinh t? c) Nu NHTW bn 1 lng tri phiu chnh ph l 5 t ng. Chnh sch ny tc ng n sn lng cn bng

nh th no? Cho c=20%, d=10%. d) n nh ha nn kinh t, chnh sch d tr bt buc thay i nh th no? Bi 20: Mt nn kinh t gi s c s liu sau: lng tin giao dch M = 81.000 t ng, t l tin mt so vi tin ngn hng l 50%, kM = 2. a) Tnh lng tin c s ban u. b) Tm t l d tr ca cc ngn hng thng mi. Bi 21: C cc s liu sau y ca NHTW mt quc gia gi s: Lng tin k thc khng k hn: 400 t Lng tin mt ngoi ngn hng: 600 t Tin d tr: 40 t. Trong :

D tr ty : 20 t D tr bt buc: 20 t

a) Tnh c, d, H, M, kM. b) Nu NHTW gim t l d tr bt buc cn 3% th khi tin giao dch b nh hng nh th no? c) Mun gim cung tin xung cn 900 t th bng cng c th trng m, NHTW cn iu tit bao nhiu? Bi 22: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 100 + 0,8Yd I = 240 + 0,16Y 80r G = 500 T = 50 + 0,2Y

X = 210 Z = 50 + 0,2Y LM = 800 + 0,5Y 100r SM = 1.400

a) Thit lp phng trnh ng IS v LM. b) Xc nh li sut v sn lng cn bng chung. c) Gi s chnh ph tng chi tiu hh-dv thm 80, NHTW tng lng cung tin ln 100. Vit phng trnh

ng IS v LM mi. d) Xc nh li sut v sn lng cn bng mi. Bi 23: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 1.200 + 0,6Yd 100r I = 600 + 0,3Y 200r G = 1.000 T = 200 + 0,2Y X = 800

Z = 100 + 0,28Y LM = 1.500 + 0,5Y 100r H = 1.200 kM = 2

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a) Xc nh sn lng v li sut cn bng. Cho nhn xt v tnh trng nn kinh t bit YP = 3.220 b) Chnh ph p dng chnh sch ti kha v chnh sch tin t m rng: gim thu 50, tng chi ngn sch 30,

gim li sut chit khu khuyn khch cc ngn hng trung gian vay thm 75. Cho nhn xt v chnh sch trn ca chnh ph.

c) T mc sn lng cu (b), Y = YP, NHTW s dng cng c mua bn chng khon trn th trng m nh th no?

Bi 24: Trong nn kinh t gi s c cc hm s sau: C = 500 + 0,75Yd I = 300 + 0,1Y G = 600 T = 40 + 0,2Y

X = 480 Z = 50 + 0,1Y YP = 4.800

a) Xc nh sn lng cn bng, tnh trng ngn sch, cn cn thng mi ca nn kinh t. b) Gi s chnh ph tng u t cng thm 90. Tm mc sn lng cn bng mi. c) T kt qu cu (b), t c sn lng tim nng, chnh ph s dng chnh sch thu nh th no? d) Gi s hm u t by gi c dng: I = 300 + 0,1Y 30r. Hy vit phng trnh ng IS. e) Cho thm d liu: LM = 200 + 0,2Y 40r v SM = 800. Vit phng trnh ng LM. f) Xc nh sn lng v li sut cn bng trn th trng hng ha v tin t. g) Nu NHTW tng lng cung tin thm 80 th li sut v sn lng thay i nh th no? Bi 25: Trong mt nn kinh t ng ca c cc hm s sau: C = 320 + 0,6Yd I = 2.680 100r T = 1650

LM = 3.500 + 0,4Y 500r SM = 2.960 Dn s hot ng:25,2 triu ngi Mc nhn dng: L = 0,003Y

a) Xc nh phng trnh ng IS v LM trong iu kin cn bng ngn sch. b) Sn lng v li sut cn bng l bao nhiu? c) a sn lng t mc ton dng:

i. Chnh ph p dng chnh sch ti kha nh th no? ii. Chnh ph p dng chnh sch tin t nh th no?

iii. Chnh ph kt hp thay i mc chi mua hh-dv v lng cung tin nh th no trong iu kin khng lm tng li sut cn bng?

Bi 26: Mt nn kinh t gi s ch sn xut 4 loi hng ha dch v cui cng sau:

STT Tn hng ha Nm gc (2005) Nm hin hnh (2010)

n gi (1.000 ) Lng tiu th n gi (1.000 ) Lng tiu th 1 Go 4 300 kg 7 350 kg

2 Tht 20 200 kg 60 300 kg 3 Sa 7 100 hp 12 130 hp 4 DV tiu dng 10 10 ln 30 20 ln

a) Tnh GDP danh ngha nm 2010. b) Tnh GDP thc nm 2010. c) Tnh h s kh lm pht GDPdeflator nm 2010. d) Tnh CPI nm 2010. e) Tnh t l lm pht nm 2010, bit CPI nm 2009 l 200%.

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Bi 27: Bng bn di l chi tiu ca ngi tiu dng 1 quc gia gi s:

Tn hng ha Nm 2004 (nm gc) Nm 2005

Lng tiu th n gi Lng tiu th n gi X phng 100 $10 120 $12

Pizza 50 $100 60 $97,5 a) Tnh GDP danh ngha nm 2005. b) Tnh GDP thc nm 2005. c) Tnh h s kh lm pht GDPdeflator nm 2005. d) Tnh CPI ca nm 2004 v nm 2005. e) Tnh t l lm pht nm 2005. Bi 28: Cho dn s trong tui lao ng l 150 triu ngi, lc lng lao ng l 125 triu ngi v mc nhn dng l 120 triu ngi. a) Tnh t l tht nghip. b) Gi s c 2 triu sinh vin tt nghip v bt u tm vic. T l tht nghip mi l bao nhiu nu khng c

sinh vin mi tt nghip no tm c vic. c) Gi s c 2 triu sinh vin ni trn u tm c vic lm th t l tht nghip mi l bao nhiu? Bi 29: Theo ngun s liu ca Tng cc thng k (2007) vo thi im 1/7/2006, dn s Vit Nam l 84,2 triu ngi. S ngi trong tui lao ng c vic lm l 43,5 triu ngi v t l tht nghip thnh th l 4,8%. Gi s t l tht nghip nng thn cng l 4,8% v t l s ngi khng tham gia lc lng lao ng l 5% dn s trong tui lao ng. Da trn cc d liu trn hy tnh: a) S ngi tht nghip. b) S ngi tham gia lc lng lao ng. c) S ngi khng tham gia lc lng lao ng. d) S ngi trong tui lao ng. e) T l s ngi tham gia vo lc lng lao ng trn s dn trong tui lao ng.

Bi 30: Mt nn kinh t c cc s liu sau: C = 200 + 0,75Yd X = 430 I = 100 + 0,2Y 10r Z = 200 + 0,05Y T = 40 +0,2Y SM = 650 G = 500 LM = 200 + 0,2Y 20r K = -1.000 +100r

a) Tm phng trnh ng IS. b) Tm phng trnh ng LM l. c) Tm sn lng v li sut cn bng bn trong. d) u t ti mc sn lng cn bng l bao nhiu? e) Tm phng trnh ng BP. f) Ti mc sn lng cn bng bn trong ca nn kinh t, tnh hnh cn cn thanh ton nh th no? Bi 31: Cho cc s liu sau y: C = 300 + 0,7Yd I = 100 + 0,1Y 30r G = 250 T = 150 + 0,2Y X = 250

Z = 200 + 0,3Y LM = 300 + 0,2Y 40r SM = 200 YP = 765

Hm cung ngoi t: SMF = 25 + 0,5e Hm cu ngoi t: LMF = 39,3 - 0,8e

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(n v tnh ca r l %, e l 10.000VND/USD, cung cu ngoi t l triu USD, cc i lng khc l t ng) a) Gii thch ngha ca cc h s -30; 0,3 v -40 trong cc hm s I, Z, LM. b) Xc nh sn lng v li sut cn bng trn th trng sn phm v th trng tin t. c) Cc doanh nghip trong nc tng nhp khu hng ha ca nc ngoi thm 1,3 triu USD.

i. Nu NHTW p dng c ch t gi hi oi th ni hon ton th t gi cn bng mi s l bao nhiu? ii. Nu NHTW mun duy tr t gi hi oi nh c th phi can thip vo th trng ngoi hi nh th no?

iii. T mc sn lng cn bng cu (b), hy xc nh sn lng v li sut cn bng trong c ch t gi hi oi c nh. Cho nhn xt v tnh trng lm pht v tht nghip.

iv. T mc sn lng cu (c)ii, chnh ph gim thu rng 30 t ng, tng chi ngn sch mua hng ha v dch v thm 20 t ng, NHTW mua vo 25 t ng tri phiu ca chnh ph. Cho bit t l tin mt trong tng s tin gi ca khch hng l 60%, t l d tr bt buc l 12% v t l d tr ty l 8%. Xc nh sn lng v li sut cn bng bn trong nn kinh t.