mariluna (recuperado)
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
1/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
INFORME DE INGLES I-II
56622 5!AkxDm$
Profesora: Lilian Berrospi
Alumna : Deli Marilu Jave Ruiz
Especialidad : Educacion para el trabajo
Codigo : N 1309100102
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
2/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
Trujillo-Peru
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
We use possessive adjectives to show who owns or "possesses" something. Thepossessive adjectives are:
my, your, his, her, its, our, their
NUMBER PERSON GENDER POSSESSIVEADJECTIVE
EXAMPLESENTENCE
singular
1st male/female my This is mybook.2nd male/female your I like yourhair.
3rd
male his Hisname is "John".
female her Hername is "Mary".
neuter its The dog islicking itspaw.
plural
1st male/female our We have
sold ourhouse.
2nd male/female your Yourchildren arelovely.
3rd male/female/neuter their The studentsthanked theirteacher.
singular/plural 1st/2nd/3rd male/female (notneuter)
whose Whosephone didyou us
EXERCISES
1. Rajesh is feeling very ______.2. Nokia is a _______ company.3. Rajat is _______ than Ramesh.4. Amongst the three brothers, Aditya is the ________.5. She will live ______ than him.6. What about this? Isnt it _______?7. The test was ________ than I thought it would be.
8. He is the ________ boy in his class.9. This locality is ________ than ours.10.You are so ________, I am sure you can pick this up.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
3/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
VERB TO BE (SER/ ESTAR)
AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
I am
You are
He is
She is
It IsWe Are
You Are
They Are
El verboto bemuestra la existencia de algo o alguien, o da informacin de una cosa oalgo.
Example:
.They are good Friends
.He ismy brother
.Candy isa sweet girl
.She isin the kitchen
The affirmative form of the verb to be ( ser o estar)
.I am yo soy/ yo estoy
.You are t, us, eres o estas
.He is l es o est
.She is ella es o est
.It is eso es o est
.We are nosotros somos o estamos
.You are ustedes son o estan
I am I'm
You are You' re
He is He's
She is She's
It is It' s
We are We' re
You are You' re
They are They' re
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
4/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
.They are ellos o ellas son o estn
EXERCISES:
It cold today.
I at home now.
They Korean.
There---
a pen on the desk.
My name Nikita.
We from Ukraine.
That right.
I OK, thanks.
Clara and Steve married.
She an English teacher.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
5/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
THE ALPHABET
The English alphabetconsists of twenty-six letters, which are divided into vowels andconsonants. A Vowel is a letter which makes, by itself, a perfect sound. The vowels area, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y. A consonant is a letter which expresses no soundwithout a vowel.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
6/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
VERB TO BE (SER/ ESTAR)
EXERCISES:
---
Jane and Alice sisters?
this car yours?
I in your way?
Maria John's sister?
you twenty-five years old?
the Smiths divorced?
this your new bicycle?
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
7/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
China China ChainaChinese Chino ChainsJapan Japn Yapan (2 silabas)Japanese Japons YapansEgypt Egipto yiptEgyptian Egipcio IypshanSomali Somal SomliKenya Kenia KeniaKenyan Keniata KenianGhana Ghana GanaGhanaian Ghans GanianSouth Africa Sudfrica Sauz fricaSouth African Sudafricano Sauz fricn
COUNTRY NATIONALITY PRONUNCIATIONSpain Spain SpainSpanish Espaol SpaneshCanada Canad CnadaCanadian Canadiense CanidienThe United Statesof America
Estados Unidos deAmerica
Iunited Steits
American / NorthAmerican
Americano /Norteamericano
Amirican/ NorzAmeirican
Australia Australia AstriliaAustralian Australiano AstrilianIreland Irlanda AirlandIrish Irlands AirishScotland Escocia SctlandScottish Escocs Scotish
England Inglaterra InglandEnglish Ingls ngleshFrance Francia FransFrench Francs FrenchGermany Alemania YirmaniGerman Alemn YirmanPortugal Portugal PorchuglPortuguese Portugus PorchuguisItaly Italia ItlyItalian Italiano Italien
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
8/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
Mexico Mjico MecsicoMexican Mejicano MecsicnPanama Panam PanamaPanamanian Panameo Panameinian
Jamaica Jamaica YameicaJamaican Jamaicano YameicanCosta Rica Costa Rica Costa RicaCosta Rican Costarricense Costa RicanCuba Cuba KiubaCuban Cubano KiubanArgentina Argentina AryentinaArgentinian Argentino AryentinianColombia Colombia ColambiaColombian Colombiano Colambian
Peru Per PeruPeruvian Peruano PerufvianChile Chile ChiliChilean Chileno ChileienBrazil Brasil BrasilBrazilian Brasileo BrasilianVenezuela Venezuela FVenesuelaVenezuelan Venezolano FVenesuelenBolivia Bolivia BolifviaBolivian Boliviano Bolifvian
Paraguay Paraguay PeragueiParaguayan Paraguayo PeragueienUruguay Uruguay IuragueyUruguayan Uruguayo IuragueienNicaragua Nicaragua NicaraguaNicaraguan Nicaragense NicaraguenEcuador Ecuador EcuadorEcuadorian Ecuatoriano EcuadorianEl Salvador El Salvador El SalfvadorSalvadorian Salvadoreo Salfvadorian
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
9/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
ARTICLES A- AN
Aand anare the indefinite articles. They refer to something not specifically known tothe person you are communicating with. A and an are used before nouns that introducesomething or someone you have not mentioned before:
Examples: a Cooka cata doga fisha goal
B) And we use: an + a vowel sound (a e i o u)
Examples: an applean elephant
an iglooan orangean umbrella
Note: It is not a question of spelling.It depends on the pronunciation of the words thatfollow the articles a / an.
Some words that sound different (and start with vowels):
a uniform.not an uniforma university.not an universitya one-man orchestranot an one-man
Examples: a man a womana tiger a tigress
a desk a tablea telephone a computeran article a particle
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
10/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
NUMBERS
NUMBER ENGLISH PRONUNCIATION0 Zero cirou1 One uan2 Two tu3 Three thri4 Four for5 Five faiv6 Six six7 Seven Seven8 Eight eit9 Nine Nain10 Ten ten11 Eleven ileven12 twelve twelve - tuelv13 thirteen thertin14 fourteen fortin15 fifteen feftin
16 sixteen sextin17 seventeen seventin18 eighteen eitin19 nineteen Naintin20 twenty Tuenti21 twenty-one tuenti-uan22 twenty-two twenty-two23 twenty-three tuenti- thri24 twenty-four tuenti-for25 twenty-five tuenti-faiv26 twenty-six tuenti-sex
27 - twenty-seven tuenti-seven28 twenty-eight tuenti-eit29 twenty-nine tuenti-nain30 thirty Forti40 forty Forti50 fifty Fefti60 sixty Sexti70 seventy Seventi80 eighty Eiti90 ninety Nainti100 a-hundred a-jandred
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
11/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
PREPOSITIONS
Definition:Prepositions are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns,pronouns and other words in a sentence. Most often they come before a noun. Theynever change their form, regardless of the case, gender etc. of the word they arereferring to.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
12/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
13/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
POSSESSIVE WITH (S)
Use:
Possessive adjectives after a name and before a noun. They tell you who
owns something.
This isJohnscoat.
Is thisTinasbag?
Dont usesafter things.
I cleanthe gardens pondevery week . => I cleanthe pond in the
gardenevery week.
Whatsthe books name? => Whatsthe name of the
book?
You can usually usesafter organisations and groups of people.
Its thegovernmentsdecision. OR Itsthe decision of the
government.
Tom is thecompanysnew director. OR Tom isthe new director of the
company.
You can use s after time expressions.
What time istomorrowsmeeting?
You can sometimes usesafter countries and cities.
Indias populationis rising.
But you cannot do this if it refers to a person.
I met Londons mayor last week. => I metthe mayor ofLondonlast week.
Englands Queenis well-known. => The Queen of Englandis well-known.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
14/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
Form: To make the possessive form, add sto the end of the name.
Is thatJacksbag?
With two names, only add sto the second name.
ThatsJane and Harryshouse. NOT Thats Janes and Harrys house.
If something belongs to two or more people, put the apostrophe() after theplural s. Do not write a second s.
Myparentshouse is really big. NOT My parentss house is really big.
However, if the plural noun is irregular, write the apostrophe () before the
S.
The childrensparty was great.NOT The childrens party was great.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
15/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are words used to describe people, things, events etc. They are used inconnection with nouns and pronouns
Adjectives can be used in two ways:
1.- Before Nouns: (attributive position)
Examples:
a niceday an oldsong a blue sky a youngman
2.- in the complement of a sentence -after some verbs like is , seem, look, and
a few other verbs- (predicative position)
Examples:
She is beautiful He is old They look tired
EXERCISIES
1. He was wearing a ________ shirt.
dirty old flannel
flannel old dirty
old dirty flannel
2. Pass me the ________ cups.
plastic big blue
big blue plasticbig plastic blue
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
16/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
3. All the girls fell in love with the ________ teacher.
handsome new American
American new handsome
new handsome American
HAVE /HAS GOT
1. We use have gotand haveto talk about possession.
I've got a new house / I havea new house.
Hasshe gota car? / Doesshe havea car?
2. We use have gotand have to talk about relationships.
Haveyou gota girlfriend? / Doyou havea girlfriend?
He's gotthree brothers / He hasthree brothers.
3. We use have gotand have to talk about illnesses.
I've gota bad cold / I havea bad cold.
4. We use have gotand have to talk about characteristics.
Her office has gota nice view / Her office hasa nice view.
Why hashe gota tattoo? / Why doeshe havea tattoo?
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
LONG FORM CONTRACTED FORM
I have gota brother. I've gota brother.
You have gota sister. You've gota sister.
He has gota budgie. He's gota budgie.
She has gota dog. She's gota dog.
It has gotBluetooth. It's gotBluetooth.
We have gotCDs. We've gotCDs.You have gota nice room. You've gota nice room.
They have gotpets. They've gotpets.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
17/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
NEGATIONS
LONG FORM CONTRACTED FORM
I have not gota brother.I haven't gota brother. orI've not gota brother.
You have not gota sister. Youhaven't gota sister. or
You've not gota sister.
He has not gota budgie. Hehasn't gota budgie. or
He's not gota budgie.
She has not gota dog. Shehasn't gota dog. or
She's not gota dog.
It has not gotBluetooth.It hasn't gotBluetooth. orIt's not gotBluetooth.
We have not gotCDs. Wehaven't gotCDs. or
We've not gotCDs.
You have not gota nice room. Youhaven't gota nice room. or
You've not gota nice room.
They have not gotpets.They haven't gotpets. orThey've not gotpets.
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER
HaveI gottime?Yes, I have.No, I haven't.
Haveyou gotlots of friends? Yes, I have.No, I haven't.
Hashe gota mobile phone?Yes, he has.No, he hasn't.
Hasshe gota pink car? Yes, she has.No, she hasn't.
Hasit gotmudguards? Yes, it has.No, it hasn't.
Havewe gotmilk? Yes, we have.No, we haven't.
Haveyou gota brown bag?Yes, we have.No, we haven't.
Havethey gotnice books? Yes, they have.No, they haven't.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
18/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
PLURALS
In order to change a singular noun to its plural form in English, you usually add "s". Forexample, the plural ofbookis books. The plural of tableis tables. These are regularplurals.
But there are many nouns which don't follow this rule. For example the pluralof fishis fish. The plural of toothis teeth. These are irregular plurals
Singular + -S
singular plural
a car two cars
a cassette two cassettes
a lamp two lamps
a hat two hats
a cup two cups
ADD -ES AFTER SIBILANTS:
singular plural
a box two boxes
a sandwich two sandwiches
a suitcase two suitcases
a rose two roses
a garage two garages
SUBSTITUTE Y AFTER CONSONANTWITH -IES:
singular plural
a city two cities
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
19/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
a lady two ladies
ADD -S AFTER VOWEL + Y:
singular plural
a boy two boys
a day two days
NOUNS ON -F OR -FE:
add -s substitute with -ves
singular plural singular plural
a roof two roofs a thief two thieves
a cliff two cliffs a wife two wives
a sheriff two sheriffs a shelf two shelves
NOUNS ON -O FORM THE PLURAL BY ADDING -S OR -ES.
add -s substitute with -ves
singular plural singular plural
a disco two discos a tomato two tomatoes
a piano two pianos a potato two potatoes
a photo two photos a hero two heroes
Irregular plural forms:
singular plural
a man two men
a woman two women
a child two children
a mouse two micea tooth two teeth
a goose two geese
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
20/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
a foot two feet
an ox two oxen
THERE IS THERE ARE
We use there is (singular) / there are (plural) to say that sth is located in the
place or exists:
There is a book on the desk. / There are many books on the shelf.
We use there isnt(singular) / there arent(plural) to say that sth isnt located
in the place or doesnt exist:
e.g. There isnt a book on the desk. / There arent any books on the shelf.
We use Is there?(singular) / Are there...? (plural) to ask whether sth is
located in the place or exists:
PARA DECIR HAY EN INGL S USAMOS"THERE IS EN SINGULAR
AFIRMATIVO There is a book. Hay un libro.
NEGATIVO There isn't a boy. No hay un chico.INTERROGATIVO Is there a table? Hay una mesa?
THERE ARE EN PLURAL
AFIRMATIVO There are books. Hay libros.
NEGATIVO There aren't boys. No hay chicos.
INTERROGATIVO Are there any tables? Hay mesas?
PARA USAR ESTA EXPRESIN EL OTROS TIEMPOS ,POR EJEMPLO HABR O HUBO SECAMBIA EL TIEMPO DE "TO BE"
FUTURO There will be books. Habr libros.PASADO Were there books? Haba libros?
CONDICIONAL There would be books. Habra libros.
LAS RESPUESTAS CORTAS SE HACEN AS:
SINGULAR Is there time? Yes, there is.
No, there isn'tPLURAL Are there any children? Yes, there are
No, there aren't.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
21/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
EXERCISES:
1. __________ dogs in the park.
a) There is
b) There are
2. __________ sugar in the tea.
a) There is
b) There are
3. __________ salt in the pasta.
a) There is
b) There are
4. __________ 3 pencils on the table.
a) There is
b) There are
5. __________ some children in the class.
a) There is
b) There are
6. __________ some sand in my shoe.
a) There is
b) There are
7. __________ people on the bus.
a) There is
b) There are
8. __________ not much pollution in this city.
a) There is
b) There are
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
22/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
9. __________ many mistakes on your test.
a) There is
b) There are
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
(AFIRMATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE FORM)
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The
action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that oftenhappens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
THE FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT
THE AFFIRMATIVE FORM OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT
I, you, we, they play.
He, she, it plays.
Remember the verbs in the third person singular (he,she and it) always take an "s". Forexample, "heplays, shesings,it works..."
Examples:
Nancy and Jamesspeakgood German. Nancy worksin a restaurant downtown.
The childrenplayin the garden every weekend.
THE INTERROGATIVE FORM OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT:
Do I, you, we, they play?
Does he, she, it
Examples:
Doyou speakgood German?
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
23/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
DoesNancy workin a restaurant downtown?
THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE SIMPLE PRESENT:
I, you, we,they do not play.
don't
He, she, it does not
doesn't
Examples:
No, I don't speakGerman. No, she doesn't workin a restaurant downtown So the rule is:
He / she / it + Verb + S
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
24/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
IMPERATIVES
Definition:Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands,warning orinstructions, and (if you use "please") to make a request. It is one of the three moods of
an English verb (indicative, imperative and subjunctive).
For example:
Give me that tape, please.
To make the imperative, use the infinitive of the verb without "to"
For example:
Come here! Sit down!
To make a negative imperative, put "do not" or "don't" before the verb:
For example:
Don't go! Do not walk on the grass.
You can also use "let's" before the verb if you are including yourself in theimperative. The negative of "let's" is "let's not".
For example:
Let's stop now. Let's have some lunch. Let's not argue Let's not tell her about it.
OrdersAdults do not usually give each other orders, unless they are in a position of authority.However, adults can give orders to children and to animals. The intonation of an order isimportant: each word is stressed, and the tone falls at the end of the sentence:
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
25/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
For example:
Sit down now!* "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now".
WarningsYou can use the imperative to warn someone of danger. All the words in the warning arestressed, but the last word has a higher tone than the first word:
For example:
Sit down now!* "Sit", "down" and "now" are all stressed, and the tone falls on "now".
Watch out! Look out! Don't cross!
AdviceWhen you give advice using the imperative, the words are stressed normally.
For example:
Don't tell him you're resigning now! Wait until Monday when he's in a bettermood.
Don't drink alcohol Don't eat heavy meals
RequestsYou can also use the imperative to make a request, but you should use a polite wordbefore the verb:
For example:
Please take a seat. Please wait here. Please hold the line. Please don't smoke here.
EXERCICIES
INSTRUCTIONS: Match the first column to the second one:
a. don`t accept the door to Mike
b. brush your teeth to bring the Cds
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
26/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
c. turn off the lights candies from strangers
d. don't step before you go to bed
e. bring your dictionaries adult programmes
f. don't open when you go to bed to save energy
g. don't watch or language arts class
OBJECT PRONOUNS
It is a pronoun that is used as an object in the sentence.Remember: A subjective or subject pronoun
does the action and goes BEFORE the verb while object pronouns go AFTER the verb.
OBJECT PRONOUNS :
SINGULAR: > Me (first person)You (2nd) Her / him / it(third person)
PLURAL > Us(1st)You(2nd) Them(3rd)
Subjectpronouns
Example: Objectpronouns
Example: Significado:
I I am shy. me Look at me. Mrame. (a mi)
You You are crying. you Take a look at you! Mrate. (a ti)
He He is the president! him Listen to him. Escchalo. (a l)
She She is an easy woman. her Look at her. Mrala. (a ella)
It It's for our little cat. it Look at it. Mralo.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
27/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
EXERCISESRead and choose
1. I can't see Mary. I can't see ________
him
she
her
2. Karen is next to Peter. Karen is next to ________
he
him
he
3. Can you help Peter and Ann? Can you help ________?
they
you
them
SIMPLE PRESENT THIRD PERSON SINGULAR
VerbsTo form the third person singular present tense form of most regular English verbs,
simply affix thesuffix -sto the end of the verb. For example, the following list includesthe infinitive, base form, and third person singular present tense form some commonEnglish verbs:
Third Person Singular Most of the verbs take the letter S to form the third person singular.
Example:
Live = lives Work = works Eat = eats Read = reads
. Verbs ending in sh/ch/o/x/ss add ES to form the third person singular
. Example:
We We are a nice group.See?
us Look at us. Mranos. (anosotros)
They They are a happy family. them Look at them. Mralos: (a ellos/ellas)
http://www.linguisticsgirl.com/linguistic-definition-of-suffix/http://www.linguisticsgirl.com/linguistic-definition-of-suffix/ -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
28/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
Teach = Teach es Wash Wash es Go = Go es Fix = Fix es
Kiss = Kisses. Verbs ending in consonant + letter Y : Change y- to ies
Example:
Fly = flies Cry = cries Study = studies
Verbs ending in vowel + letter Y add s
Example:
Play = plays Stay = stays Say = sas
COMPLETE THE NEXT SENTENCES:
He______ (live) in Paris. Luisa _________ (study) medicine in Canada. Carlos _______ (swim) in a big
swimming pool. My mother_________ (teach) English. His sister ______ (play) volleyball very well. She ______
(take) a shower at 7:15 a.m. Her son ______ (like) Peruvian food. My older brother ______ (work) in aHospital.
ADVERBS FREQUENCY
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do something. Adverbs of frequencyare often used withthe present simple because they indicate repeated or routine
activities.Frequency Adverb of Frequency Example Sentence
100% always Ialwaysgo to bed before 11pm.
90% usually Iusuallyhave cereal for breakfast.
80% normally / generally Inormallygo to the gym.
70% often* / frequently I
often
surf the internet.
50% sometimes Isometimesforget my wife's birthday.
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-simple-present.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-simple-present.php -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
29/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
30% occasionally Ioccasionallyeat junk food.
10% seldom Iseldomread the newspaper.
5% hardly ever / rarely Ihardly everdrink alcohol.
0% never Ineverswim in the sea.
The Position of the Adverb in a Sentence
An adverb of frequency goes beforea main verb (except with To Be).
Subject +adverb+main verb
Ialwaysrememberto do my homework.
Henormallygetsgood marks in exams.
An adverb of frequency goes afterthe verbTo Be.
Subject + to be+ adverb
They areneverpleased to see me.
She isn'tusuallybad tempered.
We can also use the following adverbs at the start of a sentence:
Usually, normally, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally
Occasionally, I like to eat Thai food.
BUT we cannotuse the following at the beginning of a sentence:
Always, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never.
We use hardly everand neverwith positive, not negative verbs:
She hardly evercomes to my parties. They never say 'thank you'.
http://www.grammar.cl/Present/To_Be.htmhttp://www.grammar.cl/Present/To_Be.htmhttp://www.grammar.cl/Present/To_Be.htmhttp://www.grammar.cl/Present/To_Be.htm -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
30/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
We use everin questions and negative statements:
Have you everbeen to New Zealand? I haven't everbeen to Switzerland. (The same as 'I have never been
Switzerland').
REWRITE THE COMPLETE SENTENCE USING THE ADVERB OF FREQUENCY IN BRACKETS IN ITS
CORRECT POSITION.
1. They go to the movies. (often)
2. She listens to classical music. (rarely)
3. He reads the newspaper. (sometimes)
4. Sara smiles. (never)
5. She complains about her husband. (always)
6. I drink coffee. (sometimes)
7. Frank is ill. (often)
8. He feels terrible (usually)
MODAL VERB : CAN
We use modal verbs to show if we believe something is certain, probable or possible (ornot). We also use modals to do things like talking about ability, asking permissionmaking requests and offers, and so on.
EXERCISES
Completa las siguientes cuestiones y haz clic en el botn -Corregir Ejercicio-
para obtener la correccin de este ejercicio.
Principio del formulario
Q1 :___ you help me?
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
31/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
Can
Might
Should
Would
Q2:They ___ practice more if they want to win the championship.
may
might
should
would
Q3:You ___ not drink and drive.may
might
shall
would
must
Q4 ___ you always be late?
May
Might
Would
Must
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Countable nounshave a singular and a plural form. In plural, these nouns can be usedwith a number- ountable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we cancount. For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or morepens. Here are some more countable nouns:
dog, cat, animal, man, person bottle, box, litre coin, note, dollar cup, plate, fork table, chair, suitcase, bag
Countable nouns can be singular or plural:
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
32/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
My dog isplaying. My dogs arehungry.
We can use the indefinite article a/an with countable nouns:
Adog is ananimal.
When a countable noun is singular, we must use a wordlike a/the/my/this with it:
I want anorange. (notI want orange.) Where is mybottle? (notWhere is bottle?)
When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:
I like oranges. Bottles can break.
We can use some and any with countable nouns:
I've got somedollars. Have you got anypens?
We can use a few and many with countable nouns:
I've got a fewdollars. I haven't got manypens.
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot"count" them. For example, we cannot count "milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or"litres of milk", but we cannot count "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountablenouns:
music, art, love, happiness advice, information, news furniture, luggage rice, sugar, butter, water electricity, gas, power money, currency
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
33/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. Forexample:
Thisnews isvery important. Your luggage looksheavy.
We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns.We cannot say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a somethingof:
a piece ofnews a bottle ofwater a grain ofrice
We can use some and any with uncountable nouns:
I've got somemoney. Have you got anyrice?
We can use a little and much with uncountable nouns:
I've got a littlemoney. I haven't got muchrice.
EXERCISIES
1. I don't like black coffee. I usually have it with______________.
A two sugar and one milkB many milkC two pieces of sugarD milk and sugar
2. The recetionist at the front desk gave me two_____________________.
A informationsB informationC pieces of informationD lots of information
3. My cousin is very beautiful. She has green eyes and_________.
A long hairB long hairsC a long hairD a long length of hair
4. I went shopping last weekend and I bought_____________________.
A two clothesB two clothC two clothingsD two items of clothing
5. ______________have you got in the bank? Is it enough to buy a house?
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
34/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
A How many moneysB How many moneyC How much moneyD How much moneys
NOUN WITHOUT ARTICLES
Nounsare words that are namesof people, places, things, concepts,. In sentences,nouns are subjects of verbs, objects of verbs, subject complements, and objects ofprepositions. Nouns are often preceded by determiners(see detinCorrection SymbolsTwo). The articles(a, an, the) are important determiners.
Note the noun teacherin the following sentences:
The teacheris talking to the class. (subject of verb)
The students are watching the teacher. (object of verb)
John is a teacher. (subject complement)
George gave his essay to the teacher. (object of preposition)
A. There are two types of nouns.
1. Proper nouns include names ofparticular people, countries, states, cities, schools,rivers, lakes, mountains, oceans, languages, months, days,. They always begin
with capital letters. Here are some examples: John Fleming
English
Cupertino
United States
Tuesday
July
2. All others are common nouns. Here are some examples:
man
language
school
city
state
country
day
month
B. There are two types of common nouns.
1. Count nounshave plural forms. Most count nouns have both singular and plural
forms, but a few have plural forms only:
people police
http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$31http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$31http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$31http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$31http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$31http://faculty.deanza.edu/flemingjohn/stories/storyReader$31 -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
35/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
clothes
2. Noncountnouns have singularforms only:
advice furniture information
3.Note that many noncount nouns are often used as count nouns. This isespecially true of nouns that refer to things we eat and drink:
coffee food fruit meat
Choose the correct (and most natural-sounding) response to complete eachsentence:
1. ________ Swedish is a difficult language to learn.
NO ARTICLE
The
A
2. ________ general's army attacked the city at night.
NO ARTICLE
The
A
3. I like to play ________ basketball.
NO ARTICLE
the
a
SOME ANY
The words someand anyare used when the speaker cannot specify or does notneed/want to specify a number or an exact amount.
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
36/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
The rules of some and many:
SOME:
Use somein positive (affirmative) sentences. Someis used for bothcountable anduncountable nouns.
Examples:
I have somefriends.( friends is countable)I'd like somewater. (water is uncountable)
ANY:
Use anyforcountable and countablenouns in:
1. interrogative sentences.Examples:
Have you got anycheese?Have you got anyfriends?
2. negative sentences.Example:
He hasn't got anycheeseHe hasn't got anyfriends in Chicago.
EXCEPTION:
Usesome in questions when offering or requesting something.Example:
Would you like somebread? (offer) Can I have somewater, please? (request)
EXERCISIES
Fill in all the gaps with "some" or "any" and then press "Check" to check your answers .
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-offers.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-offers.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-request.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-request.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-request.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-request.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-offers.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.phphttp://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lesson-countable-uncountable-nouns.php -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
37/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
1 I can see a house, a lake and trees.
2 We've got one dog, two cats and fish.
3 I like songs by Ricki Martin but not all of them.
4 There are chocolate biscuits in the cupboard.
5 I can't find [?]books about dinosaurs.
6 Natalia hasn't got friends in Athens.
7 There aren't banana trees in Scotland.
8 Have you got [?]games for your computer?
9 Are there messages for me?
10 Would you like [?]grapes?
11 We haven't got [?]eggs.
12 I've got [?]pens in my bag.
How Much-How many
Se utilizan para preguntar por cantidades de algo.
Si se trata de sustantivos contables, se aplica How many.Si se trata de sustantivos incontables, se usa How much.
Estas expresiones siempre van seguidas de un sustantivo; luego, el verbo y elresto de la oracin.
How many cars do you have?Cuntos autos tienes?
How muchmoney do you have?Cunto dinero tienes?
How muchse utiliza tambin para preguntar precios.
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson07/04b.htmlhttp://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson07/04b.htmlhttp://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson07/04b.html -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
38/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
How much is this car?Cunto cuesta este auto?
How much are the potatoes?Cunto cuestan las papas?
Tambin se usan en forma genrica para preguntar "cunto hay". En este caso, van seguidas delsustantivo y luego, is / are there.
How many cars are there?Cuntos autos hay?
How muchmoney is there?Cunto dinero hay?
A estas preguntas se responde usando There is / are, dependiendo de si se trata de singular oplural, como ya hemos visto en lecciones anteriores.
There are nine cars.Hay nueve autos.
There is one dollar.Hay un dlar.
COMPARATIVE ADJECTIVES
A - Comparison with -er/-est
clean - cleaner- (the) cleanest
We use -er/-est with the following adjectives:
1) Adjectives with one syllable
positive comparative superlative
clean cleaner cleanest
new newer newest
cheap cheaper cheapest
http://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson07/04b.htmlhttp://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson07/04b.htmlhttp://www.saberingles.com.ar/curso/lesson07/04b.html -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
39/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
2) Adjectives with two syllables and the following endings:
2 - 1) Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -y
positive comparative superlative
dirty dirtier dirtiest
easy easier easiest
happy happier happiest
pretty prettier prettiest
2 - 2) Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -er
positive comparative superlative
clever cleverer cleverest
2 - 3) Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -le
positive comparative superlative
simple simpler simplest
2 - 4) Adjectives with two syllables, ending in -ow
positive comparative superlative
narrow narrower narrowest
3) Spelling of the adjectives using the endings -er/-est
positive comparative superlative comment
large larger largest leave out the silent -e
big bigger biggest
Double the consonant after short vowel
sad sadder saddest
dirty dirtier dirtiest Change -y to -i (consonant before -y)
shy shyer shyestHere -y is not changed to -i.(although consonant before -y)
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
40/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
B - Comparison with more - most
positive comparative superlative
difficult moredifficult (the) mostdifficult
all adjectives with more than one syllable (except some adjectives with two syllables - see2 - 1 to 2 - 4)
C - Irregular adjectives
positive comparative superlative comment
good better best
bad worse worst
much more most uncountable nouns
many more most countable nouns
little less least
little smaller smallest
D - Special adjectives
Some adjectives have twopossible formsof comparison (-er/est and more/most).
positive comparative superlative
clever cleverer / more clever cleverest / most clever
common commoner / more common commonest / most common
likely likelier / more likely likeliest / most likely
pleasant pleasanter / more pleasant pleasantest / most pleasant
polite politer / more polite politest / most polite
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
41/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
quiet quieter / more quiet quietest / most quiet
simple simpler / more simple simplest / most simple
stupid stupider / more stupid stupidest / most stupid
subtle subtler / more subtle subtlest / most subtle
sure surer / more sure surest / most sure
E - Difference in meaning with adjectives:
positive comparative superlative comment
far
farther farthest distance
further furthestdistance ortime
late
later latest
latter x
x last
old older oldest people and things
VERB TO BE (IN PAST)
Verb Forms
Past and Past participle
The past and past participle for regular verbs is the root word + -ed. Its only used with the past
tenses.
Looklooked
Touchtouched
Cleancleaned
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
42/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
Cookcooked
We shopped for hours on Saturday afternoon.
The books were stacked on the shelf.
He had played computer games for the whole weekend.
The past participle can be difficult to determine for some irregular verbs. Its best to look these ones
up in a dictionary if youre at all unsure of the past participle. Here are a few examples of irregular
verbs:
Root Simple Past Past Participle
Sing Sang Sung
See Saw Seen
Fall Fell Fallen
Give Gave Given
Go Went Gone
I had forgiven him for his unkind words.
We made paper flowers to decorate the walls.
Simon had lit candles all around the room.
The Future Tense
Forms of the future tense.
Endings. The endings for all verbs are:
-, -s, -, -emos, -is, -n
Note that every one except the usform requires a written accent.
Stem. Normally, the infinitive is used as the stem (exceptions will be given below).
Examples:
-
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
43/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
hablar comer
vivir
hablar hablaremos comer comeremos vivir viviremos
hablarshablaris comerscomeris vivirsviviris
hablar hablarn comer comern vivir vivirn
Verbs with irregular future stems: (Remember that this same stem is used to form the
conditional.)
decir dir- to say
haber habr- there to be [impersonal]; to have[helping verb]
hacer har- to make, do
poder podr- to be able
poner pondr-to put, place, set
querer querr- to want, love
saber sabr- to know[a fact], know how[+ infinitive]
salir saldr- to leave, go out
tener tendr- to have
valer valdr- to be worth
venir vendr-to come
Enrique nos dir la verdad.
Enrique will tell us the truth.
Quines vendrn conmigo?Who will come with me?
Pondr la mesa en seguida. I'll set the table right away.
Usage. There are two main ways in which the future tense is used in Spanish:
It indicates future time, the same as in English.
Maana saldremos para Madrid.Tomorrow we will leave for Madrid.
El lunes ir al hospital. I'll go to the hospital on Monday.
http://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABLAR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABLAR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABLAR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/VIVIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/DECIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HACER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HACER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/PODER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/PODER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/PONER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/PONER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/QUERER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/QUERER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/SABER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/SABER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/SALIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/TENER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/TENER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/VALER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/VENIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/VENIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/VALER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/TENER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/SALIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/SABER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/QUERER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/PONER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/PODER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HACER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABER.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/DECIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/VIVIR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABLAR.HTMhttp://users.ipfw.edu/jehle/courses/verbs/HABLAR.HTM -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
44/45
Universidad Privada San Pedro
NOTE: The present tense is often used instead of the future for near future actions:
Esta noche miramos la televisin. Tonight we'll watch
TV.
Lo hago en dos minutos. I'll do it in two
minutes.
Exercises :
1) The train at 11:45. (to leave)
2) We dinner at a nice restaurant on Saturday. (tohave)
3) It in the mountains tomorrow evening. (to snow)
4) On Sunday at 8 o'clock I my friend. (to meet)
5) They to London on Friday evening. (to fly)
6) Wait! I you to the station. (to drive)
7) The English lesson at 8:45. (to start)
8) I my sister in April. (to see)
BIBLIOGRAFIA
http://www.shertonenglish.com
http://www.englishclub.com
http://www.ego4u.com
http://www.learnenglish.de
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de
http://www.slideshare.net
http://www.shertonenglish.com/http://www.shertonenglish.com/http://www.englishclub.com/http://www.englishclub.com/http://www.ego4u.com/http://www.ego4u.com/http://www.learnenglish.de/http://www.learnenglish.de/http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/http://www.slideshare.net/http://www.slideshare.net/http://www.slideshare.net/http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/http://www.learnenglish.de/http://www.ego4u.com/http://www.englishclub.com/http://www.shertonenglish.com/ -
8/13/2019 MARILUNA (Recuperado)
45/45
http://www.myenglishpages.com
http://www.myenglishpages.com/http://www.myenglishpages.com/