Mark Niehus, RCDDDAS Simplified

Agenda- next 50 minutes• Quick snapshot of wireless in enterprise

space- and where we are going…• Technologies explored:

– -WIFI Bluetooth– -ZigBee NFC– -NFC licensed spectrum (cell)

-public safety other, other

Drivers for tomorrow: IoT and other

What I WON’T say today“insatiable demand for bandwidth” OR“ubiquitous wireless”OR“continued massive growth in the number of devices all connected by parallel…”

What I will focus on in the next 49 minutes…

• What I care about as designer/ engineer• What I care about as an installer• What I care about as I give advice• What is truth versus hype• What is the real world BICSI environment

What are the facts?*90% of the world’s population over age 6 will have mobile by 2020 (7.2 of 8 billion people)*It takes, on average, 13 years to reallocate and deploy spectrum for wireless systems*Global mobile data growing by 61% CAGR per year*Estimates of IoT (internet of things) speak to 50 billion connected devices by 2020

What we need to consider for ‘wireless’

• How far does it go (range)?• How well does it transmit (propagation characteristics)?• How much does it cost?• How much data?• How much power does it consume?• Licensed or unlicensed spectrum?• How complex?

Signal propagation ranges

Transmission range communication possible low error rate

Detection range detection of the signal possible no communication possible

Interference range sender

transmissionsignal may not bedetectedsignal adds to the background noise

distancedetection

interference

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Signal propagation

Propagation in free space always like light (straight line)

Receiving power proportional to 1/d² in vacuum – much more in real environments(d = distance between sender and receiver)Receiving power additionally influenced by

fading (frequency dependent)

shadowingreflection at large obstacles

refraction depending on the density of a medium

scattering at small obstacles

diffraction at edges

refractionshadowing reflection scattering diffraction

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Multipath propagation

Signal can take many different paths between sender and receiver dueto reflection, scattering, diffraction

multipathpulsesLOS pulses

signal at sender

Time dispersion: signal signal at receiveris dispersed over time

Îinterference with “neighbor” symbols, Inter Symbol Interference

(ISI) The signal reaches a receiver directly and phase shifted

the phases of the different partsÎdistorted signal depending on

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Free space path loss: exponent of 2Terrestrial path loss: exponent of 3+Even with exponent of 2:• Wi‐Fi. 100m to 200m: signal at 25% strength• Cell. 1.0km to 1.1 km: signal at 83% strengthDifficult to propagate short range network (Wi‐Fi) signal)

Wi‐Fi

Cellular

Distance

Range and loss

IEEE 802.15.4• PAN- personal area networks

– ZigBee– Zwave– WirelessHART– WiSUN

• Low power, low speed, low cost

ZigBee• Short distances (10-100 meters), low power

• Suitable for devices like power meter, light switch- low data, lower cost and complexity than other technologies

Bluetooth• Ericcson, 1994• 2400 to 2483 MHz• Short range, low power• Packet based, and master-slave structure• Version 4.2 slated for IoT-

NFC(near field communication)• Designed for phones and other devices to

establish link, 10 cm or less• Unlicensed 13.56 MHz spectrum• Used in conjunction with RFID chips

Implications for buildings (low)• These do not relay on infrastructure-

instead, device to device communication • Be aware of their limitations• Be aware of the problems they solve for

clients

• ALOHA Net: 1971• WaveLAN: 1991, joint effort IBM+NCR, for

cash registers• 802.11 protocol: 1997, 2 meg• Pervasive, ubiquitous, familiar

• 802.11a• 802.11b• 802.11n 2009, intro of MIMO• 802.11ac 5 GHz

• 802.11ad 57-64 GHz (V band) • 1-7 Gbps• 10-20 meter range • Beamforming

From 4 billion today to 7 billion by 2018One hot spot for every 20 peopleFrom secondary to primary for enterprise office

• Wi Fi Calling• Wi Fi in M2M • Wi Fi over Power (WiPO)

Implications for buildings (high)• ISO/IEC TR-24704 TIA TSB-162-A• Honeycomb grid, each cell covers 12M radius Square grid, each square 18 meters wide

Implications for buildings (high)• -most recommend Cat-6A (multiple drops

per WAP) for Wi Fi today• -more WAPs and closer to the user mean

more infrastructure, more space, more pathway

• -are clients reducing 6A drops in office and giving them to Wi Fi?

Spectrum licensed for public use

What will 5G look like?• A cellular system that supports:

– 1000 times higher mobile volume per area– 10 to 100 times the number of connected

devices– 10 to 100 times higher typical user data rate– 10 times longer battery life– 5 times reduced end-to-end latency

How will we get there and what does it mean to designers and installers?

• LTE- what does this term mean?

• Spectrum for 5G- what is millimeter wave technology?

LTE: long term evolution

• LTE is quickly becoming global standard for next step beyond 4G

• LTE benefits users with greater capabilities

Existing Cell BandsLTE for extended periodEventually 5G radio

3 GHz 10 GHz New 5G BandsWide radion bands5G radio methods

300 GHz

Core 5G Network integratesExisting LTE in Cell Bands with5G Radio in New Bands

Courtesy Rysavy Research

Where are characteristics of 5G?

Millimeter wave technology• 60 GHz and 70/80 GHz• Subject to rain fade• High data rate (Gbps or ‘fiber like’ speeds)• Short range

FCC direction on 5G in US• US has decided on proposing the

following ranges to be studied:1. 27.5 to 29.5 GHz2. 37.4 to 40.5 GHz3. 47.2 to 50.2 GHz4. 50.4 to 52.6 GHz5. 59.3 to 71.0 GHz

Massive MIMO• More antennas- up to hundreds of

antennas at base station• Possibly 5x the spectral efficiency

What the heck is beamforming?

Beamforming, or spatial filtering

• Technique used for directional signal transmission• Combination of elements in a phased array in

such a way that signals at particular angles experience constructive interference and others experience destructive interference

• Can be at both transmit and receive• Used to improve gain over omnidirectional

What about public safety wireless?

• New building codes (IBC) that mandate in-building wireless coverage drive DAS in most significant buildings

• Building designers must design, or at least accommodate these systems

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City of MarlboroughFIRE DEPARTMENT

215 MAPLE STREET MARLBOROUGH MASSACHUSETTS

• Emergency communications have been proven to be the lifeline for firefighters, police officers and EMS personnel inside of large structures. Research and investigations into Line of Duty Deaths (LODDs) and injuries to Fire, Police and EMS personnel show that the loss of reliable communications inside of such buildings is a contributing factor in death and injuries to emergency personnel.

What will the public safety network look like tomorrow?

New, federal government public safety 700/800 MHz network ($7 billion)“…the law gives FirstNet the mission to build, operate and maintain the first high-speed, nationwide wireless broadband network dedicated to public safety. FirstNet will provide a single interoperable platform for emergency and daily public safety communications.”

What will the public safety network look like tomorrow?

“Get a shared operational view of an incident with high quality, streaming video, hardware-accelerated graphics and ultra-bright display that you can view in direct sunlight” (Motorola Solutions)

FUTURE enhancements:• Multi-media• Location data• Mobile video• Content acceleration and

management

Implications for buildings (high)• -people want to use their 5G device in the

building where they work• -we continue to be very aggressive with

building energy policy (block RF)-we are moving from 50 ohm coax to Cat-6A as transport for in-building wireless/ DAS

Internet How big is IoT? Things

Drivers for tomorrow…• -sensors• -apps• -their economic and human impacts

Sensors• --economic factors drive deployment and use

• -value of transaction + low cost of sensor= widespread use

• -sense light, energy, movement (accelerometers), bio-medical functions of user, temp, environment, etc.

– -sensors connected wirelessly (always) to other devices and the network

Sensor example 1• -UBI: Usage Based Insurance- sensors on

vehicle report when and where and how fast and how safe

• -potentially massive economic impact

Sensor example 2• -wearable sensors in hazardous environment:

workers in chemical plant or refinery equipped with canary in cage to measure toxic gas, temps, and activity and movement of worker

• -potentially massive life impact• -large economic impact (reduced premiums?)

Sensor example 3• -SCADA: supervisory control and data

acquisition- utilities embed sensors in infrastructure- continuous control and knowledge- without a truck roll or human operator

• -massive economic impact

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IoT process

SENSE

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IoT process

TRANSPORT

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IoT process

STORE

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IoT process

ANALYZE

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IoT process

CONTROL

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IoT process

SHARE

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What does this mean for wireless in the enterprise space?

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SummaryThe electromagnetic spectrum should be your friendTake ownership in education and professional developmentFind the opportunity/ find your niche

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Thank you

info@dassimplified.com

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