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TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TP.HCMB MN: CNG NGH NHIT LNH

LUN VN THC S

TI: NGHIN CU CI TiN THIT B CHNG CT NC S DNG NNG LNG MT TRI CA HNG CAROCELL

GVHD: TS. NGUYN TH BO HC VIN: TRN XUN ANLP: CAO HC NHIT 2012

Tp. HCM Thng 07/2014Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802NI DUNG BO CO2NIDUNGKT LUN KiN NGHM UTHC NGHIMTNH TONPHN TCH XUT GiI PHPTNG QUANC S L THUYTLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_128248023i. M uLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802I. M U1.1 L DO CHN TIChng ct nc phc v nhu cu nc ung v sinh hot, y tVn nhim ngun nc , bin i kh hu S dng nng lng sch1.2 MC CH NGHIN CUNghin cu ci tin Carocell m bo cc yu cu: - Khng ph v kt cu hnh dng ca thit b gc- Thit b ci tin d ch to, vn hnh, bo dng, sa cha.- Chi ph r nht- Tnh ng dng v a vo sn xut thc tin.

4Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802I. M U1.3 I TNG v PHM VI NGHIN CU- Thit b chng ct nc hng Carocell, c- Dng nng lng mt tri - Thit b chng ct dng b ng - Chng ct nc iu kin nhit thp- Tn dng nhit c sn trong thit b

5Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802I. M U1.4 NGHA THC TiN CA TI- Nghin cu ci tin nng cao sn lng nc chng ct ca thit b Carocell p ng nhu cu nc sch cho cc vng bin o, ngp mn1.5 TNH CP THIT CA TI- Gi thnh thit b cn cao- S quan tm v hp tc gia hc vin v cng ty TNHH Kim Hng.- Ni a ha thit b vi iu kin Vit Nam6Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_128248027ii. Tng quanLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802II. TNG QUAN2.1 HiN TRNG S DNG NLMT TRN TH GiI

Hnh 2.1: Tng cng sut lp t v nng lng sn xut ra hng nm tnh n cui nm 2012 [6]8

Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802II. TNG QUAN2.1 HiN TRNG S DNG NLMT TRN TH GiI

Hnh 2.2: Biu th hin cng sut lp t cc thit b khai thc nhit nng t NLMT ti cc quc gia trn th gii [6]

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Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802II. TNG QUAN2.2 TiM NNG & HiN TRNG S DNG NLMT VN- Ti min Bc, mi nm c c t 1800 n 2100 gi nng (BXMT: 3,93kWh/m2/ngy)- Ti pha Nam, s gi nng trong nm t c t 2000 n 2600 gi (BXMT 5,2kWh/m2/ngy)

10Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480210II. TNG QUAN2.2 TiM NNG & HiN TRNG S DNG NLMT VN

11TPH Ni: 3.93kWh/m2/ngy Nng 4.85kWh/m2/ngyHCM 5.2 kWh/m2/ngy ThngS gi nng/ngyBXMT, kWh/m2/ngyS gi nng/ngyBXMT, kWh/m2/ngyS gi nng/ngyBXMT, kWh/m2/ngy12.2 2.24 4.4 3.5 7.9 5.1 21.62.405.14.38.86.331.42.533.45.28.86.642.73.466.95.87.75.755.35.238.36.46.35.065.25.317.95.95.74.975.95.598.36.55.85.185.35.106.75.75.65.095.44.795.85.25.44.8105.34.184.74.25.94.5114.23.454.03.16.74.3123.52.973.62.57.24.6Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480211II. TNG QUAN2.3 HiN TRNG CHNG CT NC TRN TH GiI

Hnh 2.3: Chng ct nc Hnh 2.4 : Biu t l sn lngt cc ngun nc trn th gii, 2012 nc chng ct trn th gii [7]

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Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480212II. TNG QUAN2.3 HiN TRNG CHNG CT NC TRN TH GiI

Hnh 2.5 Biu so snh cng sut chng ct nc 10 nc hng u th gii [9]

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Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480213II. TNG QUAN2.3 HiN TRNG CHNG CT NC TRN TH GiI

Hnh 2.6: Ngun nng lng phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]

14Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]

Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480214II. TNG QUAN2.4 THIT B CHNG CT NC S DNG NLMT


Hnh 2.7: Phn loi thit b chng ct nc s dng NLMT [10]

Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802Ghi ch: MSF: Multi Stage Flash; MED: Multi Effect Distillation; TVC: Thermal Vapor Compression; MD: Membrane Distillation; RO: Reverse Osmosis; ED: Electrodialysis; PV: Photo Voltaics

15II. TNG QUAN2.4 THIT B CHNG CT NC S DNG NLMT

Hnh 2.8: Phn loi thit b chng ct nc s dng NLMT [10]


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480216II. TNG QUAN2.4 THIT B CHNG CT NC S DNG NLMT

Hnh 2.9: Thit b chng ct nc s dng NLMT loi b ng & ch ng


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802-Hassan-1992 xut lp thm b ngng t ngoi; 30-50%-Soliman-1976 pht minh ra thit b chng ct ch ng17II. TNG QUAN2.5 THIT B CHNG CT NC CAROCELL- Carocell l mt pht minh ca nh khoa hc ngi c Peter Johnstone vo nm 2009, sau 5 nm nghin cu. -Peter Johnstone l ch tch ng thi l CEO cng ty F Cubed Australia PTY LTD ni sn xut Carocell duy nht trn th gii

Hnh 2.10: ng Peter Jonhston, ng L Vn Khot ti ng Thp

Hnh 2.9: ng Peter Jonhston, ng L Vn Khot v tm Carocell ng Thp


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480218II. TNG QUAN2.5 THIT B CHNG CT NC CAROCELL

1: Tm ph nha trong sut 5: Mng phn phi nc cp2: Mng thm thu (mng hp th bc x) 6: ng ng nc thi3: Tm thp khng g 7: ng ng nc chng ct4: Tm nha mt di


C iM CU TO

Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480219II. TNG QUAN2.5 THIT B CHNG CT NC CAROCELL


Hnh 2.12: Nguyn l lm vic thit b chng ct nc CarocellLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480220II. TNG QUAN2.6 U NHC iM V NG DNG CA CAROCELLU iM- S dng nng lng mt tri- Kt cu thit b gn nh, d lp t, vn chuyn.- Hiu sut cao.- Sn xut ra nc ngt t nhiu ngun nc u vo.- Tnh thng mi cao c bn trn 20 quc gia trn th gii

21Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480221II. TNG QUAN2.6 U NHC iM V NG DNG CA CAROCELLNHC iM -Tm ph nha pha mt trn ca tm Carocell d b bin dng (mp m)- Kh khn trong vic thay th tm ph v mng thm thu do phi nhp khu nguyn c thit b- Ngun nc cp cha c gia nhit- Tm mng hp th d b kh, h hng nu ngun nc khng c cp kp thi v n nh.- Gi thnh cho mt m2 din tch rt cao: 3.5 triu VN

22Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480222II. TNG QUAN2.6 U NHC iM V NG DNG CA CAROCELLNG DNG

Hnh 2.13: Cc nc s dng sn phm chng ct nc Carocel ca cng ty F Cubed


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480223II. TNG QUAN2.6 U NHC iM V NG DNG CA CAROCELLNG DNG TI ViT NAM

Hnh 2.14: ng Peter Jonhston, ng L Vn Khot v tm Carocell chng ct nc t nc nui c su ng Thp


-Tnh ti thng 6/2014 pha cng ty Kim Hng phn phi trn 2400 tm Carocell, phn ln l dng Carocell 2000 (loi 2m2)Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480224II. TNG QUAN2.6 U NHC iM V NG DNG CA CAROCELLNG DNG TI ViT NAM

25Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]Hnh 3.11 : Cng ty Santos Vit Nam nghim thu tm Carocell ti Ph YnHnh 2.15: Cng ty Santos Vit Nam nghim thu tm Carocell ti Ph Yn

Hnh 2.16: Nc ung s dng Carocell ti trng tiu hc Hong Vn Th huyn ng Xun, tnh Ph Yn Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480225II. TNG QUAN2.6 U NHC iM V NG DNG CA CAROCELLNG DNG TI ViT NAM

26Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]Hnh 3.11 : Cng ty Santos Vit Nam nghim thu tm Carocell ti Ph YnHnh 2.17: B ng Lan Hng - i din FCubed Vit Nam gii thiu v tm Carocell ti chng trnh "Nc ngt cho Trng Sa Hnh 2.18: Thng t L Hng Thy ung th nc t thit b Carocell ti o Ty A Trng Sa Khnh Ha

Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_128248022627iiI. C S L THUYTLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802III. C S L THUYT3.1 iU KiN NGNG HI Mun xy ra qu trnh ngng hi trn b mt vt rn cn phi c hai iu kin:+ Rt nhit t hi ngng (n nhit ha hi r) qua b mt vt rn, mun vy nhit b mt vt rn Tw phi thp hn nhit bo ha ca hi p sut tng ng.+ Trn b mt vt rn phi c cc tm ngng t v d nh ht bi, nhng bt kh hoc do chnh nh nhm ca b mt.3.2 NGNG HI KHNG THUN KHITT nh lut Dalton, ta c: p0 = pkk + pv pkk: p sut ring phn khng kh khpv: p sut ring phn ca hi nc; p0: p sut ca hn hp

28Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]Hnh 3.11 : Cng ty Santos Vit Nam nghim thu tm Carocell ti Ph YnLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480228III. C S L THUYT3.3 C S TRUYN NHIT3.3.1 Dn nhit qua vch phng

3.3.2 Truyn nhit i lu

3.3.3 Ta nhit i lu khi khng kh chuyn ng ngang trn b mt tm phng.Q = hc *F*(t1 t2), [W] hc = 5.7 + 3.8 : Cng ta nhit, W/m2 0C : Tc dng khng kh qua b mt, m/s

29Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]Hnh 3.11 : Cng ty Santos Vit Nam nghim thu tm Carocell ti Ph Yn

[W/m2][W]Ql = h*A*(tw tf)

Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480229III. C S L THUYT3.3 C S TRUYN NHIT3.3.4 Ta nhit i lu t nhin trong khng gian hpQ= A*h*t, Wt:Chnh lch nhit gia b mt vt nng v lnh, 0Ch: H s ta nhit tng ng, W/m2 0C3.3.5 Trao i nhit bc x Nng lng bc x pht ra tun theo quy lutE = C0*T4E: Kh nng bc x bn cu ca vt en tuyt i, W/m2C0 = 5.67*10-8 W/m2K4 hng s Stefan-BolztmannT: Nhit b mt vt, K

30Hnh 2.12: Ngun nng lng ti to phc v chng ct nc trn th gii,% [7]Hnh 3.11 : Cng ty Santos Vit Nam nghim thu tm Carocell ti Ph YnLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480230III. C S L THUYT3.4 TRUYN NHIT TRONG THIT B CHNG CT NC NLMT3.4.1 Nhit lng trao i i lu t mt nc n tm phQcw = hcw*( Tw Tp1)*A ; W hcw: H s ta nhit i lu gia b mt nc v tm ph, W/m2 0CTw: Nhit b mt nc, 0CTp: Nhit b mt trong ca tm ph , 0Cpw: Phn p sut hi nc bo ha ti b mt nc, N/m2pp: Phn p sut hi nc bo ha ti b mt tm ph, N/m2


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480231III. C S L THUYT3.4 TRUYN NHIT TRONG THIT B CHNG CT NC NLMT3.4.2 Nhit lng trao i bc x t mt nc n tm ph

3.4.3 Nhit lng bc hi gia b mt nc v tm ph


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480232III. C S L THUYT3.4 TRUYN NHIT TRONG THIT B CHNG CT NC NLMT3.4.4 Nhit lng tn tht t tm ph ra mi trng xung quanhTn tht do ta nhit i luQcp = hcp*A*(Tp1 Ta) ; Whcp = 5.7 + 3.8*V ( V: Vn tc gi) Tn tht do bc x

Ta: Nhit mi trng, Tp Nhit tm ph; 0C : H s pht x b mt tm ph


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480233III. C S L THUYT3.4 TRUYN NHIT TRONG THIT B CHNG CT NC NLMT3.4.5 Sn lng nc chng ct c trong mt gi

L: n nhit ha hi ca nc. J/kg3.4.6 Hiu sut thit b

Is: Cng bc x mt tri, W/m2


Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_128248023435iV. PHN TCH XuT GiI PHP CI TiNLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802IV. PHN TCH XUT GII PHP CI TIN4.1 CC YU T NH HNG N QU TRNH CHNG CT

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Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480236IV. PHN TCH XUT GII PHP CI TINNH HNG CA NHIT NC CP V B NGNG T NGOI

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Hnh 4.2: Biu so snh sn lng nc ca thit b chng ct nc c b tr b ngng t ngoiHnh 4.1: Sn lng nc chng ct vi cc b gia nhit khc nhauLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480237IV. PHN TCH XUT GII PHP CI TIN4.2 XUT GiI PHP CI TiNDa trn tt c nhng yu t nh hng n qu trnh chng ct nc nu hc vin a ra hai gii php ci tin nhm tng sn lng nc chng ct vi tiu ch n gin, khng ph v kt cu thit b, d vn hnh v chi ph thp nht i vi thit b Carocell nh sau: Thit k b ng ng gia nhit nc cp c b tr st vi b mt tm thp khng g.Thit k h thng ng ng nc v bnh tr nc nng ph hp c th chng ct vo thi im bc x yu

38Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_128248023839V. THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT BLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

5.1 S THC NGHIM40

Hnh 5.1: S b tr thc nghimLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

5.2 THIT B O KiM41

Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

5.2 THIT B O KiM42

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3Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

5.3 TNH TON THIT B CAROCELL43

Hnh 5.2 Phn tch dng nhit thit b CarocellLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

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Hnh 5.3 Biu cng bc x - Nhit mi trng Vn tc giHnh 5.4 Biu nhit tm thp khng g theo cng bc xLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B


Hnh 5.5 Biu nhit nc-tm ph-nhit hiHnh 5.6 Biu dung m v m



Hnh 5.7 Sn lng nc l thuyt b ngng t chnh v b ngoiHnh 5.8 Sn lng nc chng ct l thuyt v thc tLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

5.4 TNH TON THIT B CAROCELL CI TiNThng s ban u:Nhit trung bnh nc cp vo: Tw1= 300CNhit trung bnh tm thp: TS = 540CLu lng nc cp vo b gia nhit: Gw = 100 ml/pht= 6kg/hNhit trung bnh nc sau khi gia nhit: Tw2= 450CNhit lng cn thit gia nhit nc t 300C -> 450C Qw = Gw*Cpw*( Tw2 Tw1) = 6*4.18*(45-30)/3600 =104.5W Nhit lng truyn bng dn nhit t tm thp n ng ng

Chiu di ng ng: Qw = Q1 => Lcu = 104.5/ 67.55 = 1.54m

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5.4 TNH TON THIT B CAROCELL CI TiN

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Hnh 5.9 S nguyn l ng ng nc v ng gia nhitHnh 5.10 B tr ng gia nhit thc tLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B


52Hnh 5.11 S nguyn l ng ng nc thc tHnh 5.11 Thit b Carocell ci tin



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Hnh 5.12 Biu cng bc x - Nhit mi trng Vn tc giHnh 5.13 Biu nhit tm thp khng g theo cng bc xLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B


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Hnh 5.14 Nhit nc Hnh 5.15 Sn lng nc chng ct theo l thuyt thc nghimLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B


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Hnh 5.16 Biu nhit nc-tm ph-nhit hiHnh 5.17 Biu dung m m


5.5 KT LUN Bng tng hp kt qu thc nghim

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5.5 KT LUN

58Hnh 5.18: Biu tng sn lng nc chng ct trong ngy

Hnh 5.19: Biu hiu sut thit b CarocellLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

5.5 NHN XTKhi tin hnh th nghim vi b gia nhit nc ta t c nhng kt qu sau:+ Chnh lch nhit nc trung bnh ti b gia nhit: 150C + Chnh lch nhit nc trong thit b Carocell sau khi ci tin: 4.50C+ Sn lng nc trung bnh thu c: 10.8 kg/2m2/ngy+ Sn lng tng: 20.65 %+ Hiu sut thc nghim: 55.7%Vi b gia nhit nc duy tr nhit nc cp khong 450C trong iu kin bc x tt khong 700W/m2/ngy, m bo lng hi sinh ra n nh trong qu trnh chng ct, dung lng nhit cn thit cp nhit cho nc l kh nh.

59Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802V.THC NGHIM TNH TON THIT B

5.5 NHN XT

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Hnh 5.20: Biu quan h nhit lng ti thiu sn xut c 1m3 nc chng ct - nhit nc trong thit b ng vi nhit mi trng 320C

T1: Nhit ngun nng, K (Nhit nc)T2: Nhit ngun lnh, K (Nhit mi trng) Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480261Vi. KT LuN KiN NGHLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802VI. KT LUN V KiN NGH6.1 KT LUNLun vn t c nhng kt qu nh sau:Tng hp tng i y cc c s l thuyt tnh ton thit b chng ct nc s dng nng lng mt triGc nghing ti u: 300 v lu lng nc cp ti u: 100ml/pht.Sn lng nc trung bnh ca tm Carocell: 8.57kg/2m2/ngy, hiu sut thc nghim t: 44.59%Chiu di ng gia nhit 4m, ng knh ng 6mm, chi ph cho thit b ci tin 462.000 VN.Sn lng nc trung bnh ca tm Carocell ci tin: 10.8kg/2m2/ngy, hiu sut thc nghim t: 55.7%

62Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480262VI. KT LUN V KiN NGH6.1 KiN NGHHc vin hng n nhng nghin cu tng lai nh sau:+ Ci tin b gia nhit nc cp c b tr lng vo tm thp khng g gim chiu di ng.+ Nghin cu s dng vt liu bin i pha c th chng ct vo ban m.+ Nghin cu ch to ra mt thit b chng ct nc s dng nng lng mt tri r hn phc v nhu cu ngi dn vng kh khn, hi o.Trong qu trnh nghin cu, lun vn c s quan tm su sc t pha cng ty Kim Hng l i din duy nht ca Vit Nam phn phi dng sn phm Carocell. Hc vin hng n kt hp vi cng ty trin khai ng dng ngay vo thc tin.

63Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_1282480263VI. KT LUN V KiN NGH6.1 KiN NGHHc vin hng n nhng nghin cu tng lai nh sau:+ Ci tin b gia nhit nc cp c b tr lng vo tm thp khng g gim chiu di ng.+ Nghin cu s dng vt liu bin i pha c th chng ct vo ban m.+ Nghin cu ch to ra mt thit b chng ct nc s dng nng lng mt tri r hn phc v nhu cu ngi dn vng kh khn, hi o.Trong qu trnh nghin cu, lun vn c s quan tm su sc t pha cng ty Kim Hng l i din duy nht ca Vit Nam phn phi dng sn phm Carocell. Hc vin hng n kt hp vi cng ty trin khai ng dng ngay vo thc tin.

64Lun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_128248026465

X XIN CHN THNH CM N QU THY V CC BNLun Vn Thc STrn Xun An_12824802

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