mems thermal & fluid control lab....

MEMS Thermal & Fluid Control Lab.MEMS Thermal & Fluid Control Lab.國立台灣大學機械工程系微機械熱流控制實驗室Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Sensor-related Energy Saving TechnologiesSensor-related Energy Saving Technologies

Ping-He ChenProfessor

National Taiwan University

Da-Sheng LeeAssociate Professor

National Taipei University of Science and Technology

MEMS Thermal & Fluid Control Lab.MEMS Thermal & Fluid Control Lab.

Introduction

Sensor networks for energy saving

Power consumption of sensor nodes

Power Supply for Ubiquitous Sensor

Energy harvesting chip

Sensor network for energy saving application in a convenience store

Energy saving system with RFID and smart lighting

OutlineOutline


IntroductionIntroduction

Internet of ThingsGoogle earth- vedio中華電信 – HINET of smell, hearing, and feeling

• sensors, energy provider, communication, carrier, processor, and service.


Government PolicyGovernment Policy

In 2008, 1% Reduction in CO2 emission in Taiwan, equivalent to 3.9 B KW-h, is achieved only by applying a policy called “Discount in electricity bill by encouraging energy saving of household”.

The policy encourages the resident of household to reduce electricity usage by using a simply formula,

5% discount in electricity bill if 95%<ytoy monthly electricity usage ratio (MEUR) <100%

10% discount in electricity bill if 90%<ytoy MEUR < 95%20% discount in electricity bill if ytoy monthly electricity

usage ratio<90%


User-Friendly TechnologiesUser-Friendly Technologies

System can be self-adjusted for being operated at its designed efficiency.

Electronic devices can be designed to use the least amount of stand-by power.

Environment controlled facilities, temperature and humidity, and lighting consume most power in business buildings and residential houses. Therefore, heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and lighting should be automatically adjusted to a condition that is reasonably comfortable to the resident.


Sensor Networks for Energy Saving in a Living Space


It requires a sensor network to keep resident in a living space comfort but to consume the least energy. Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and lighting can be controlled by distributed control units.We require a sensor network that has a microchip for harvesting energy from environment, and a microprocessor for analyzing the data, and a RF module for having remote communication capability.


Traditional Building Automation System

Heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and lighting of a living space are controlled by a centralized unit without information in each distributed zone, for instance, an office building.




Internet

Ethernet TCP/IP, BACnet, XML, HTTP

Building

Management system

DDC interface

Local controller

Local

controller

Local controller

Local area control

PLC

Facilities control

Digital power meter

Power load monitoring

Distributed embedded system


PT

CT

Control pad


Sensor network Distributed embedded system

Host PC

Smart Building Automation System with a sensor network

• Distributed sensors and distributed control units

• Flexible


Requirement of Distributed Sensor Nodes

Requirement of Distributed Sensor Nodes

Easy InstallationInexpensiveWirelessNo maintenance of battery


Power Supply of Sensor NodePower Supply of Sensor Node

Recent achievements in wireless communications have enabled easy installation of sensor networks. Although wireless communication of sensor node can be achievement by the development of RF technologies, the sensor node power supply, through either power lines or battery power, still presents obstacles in the development of sensor networks.To allow the deployment of sensor become simple and durable, the power supply to the sensor node should be both wireless and no battery.


Sensor node power consumption (conti.)

Sensor node power consumption (conti.)

To date, most sensor nodes are active and use alkaline batteries as sources of energy. These batteries have fixed electricity storage, which limits the sensor node’s life time, and thus, they have to be replaced.Often, the cost of physically deploying resources to replace worn out battery outweighs the cost of the node itself.To make matters worse, the used battery causes serious environmental pollution.


Power Supply for Ubiquitous Sensing

Power Supply for Ubiquitous Sensing

Ambient energy harvesting is a possible solution in the development of wireless sensor networks.Scavenging energy from renewable sources near the sensor node could be the best method for providing power to the sensor.Reducing the power consumption of the sensor node becomes a key issue!!

No battery!!

Sensor node


Communication of Sensor node powered by EM Coupling

Communication of Sensor node powered by EM Coupling

RFID communications rely on electromagnetic coupling

Backscatter coupling can transmit energy to tags as far as 5

meters away.The special communication scheme

was expected to apply for sensor networks to eliminate the battery required by node.

Features of passive UHF RFID system: Coupling communication & remote energy transfer to tags


Comm. protocol

Comm. band

Data rate

Power Security Applications

HomeRF

2.45 GHz

1-2 Mbps

100 mW50 Hzhopping

Wireless communications of home appliances

Blue-tooth

2.45 GHz

1-3 Mbps

1-10 mW128 bit key

Handheld devices communications

ZigBee

868/915MHz2.45GHz

0.02,0.04,0.25Mbps

1-3 mW32, 64, 128 bit key

Low power and low data transfer rate communication protocol for building automation

RFID

135 kHz13.56868/915 MHz 2.45/ 5.8 GHz

0.212Mbps

Passive tag powered by EM coupling

32, 64, 128 bit key

Logistics and supply chain management

Power Consumption of Different Communication Protocols

Power Consumption of Different Communication Protocols


ZigBee v.s. RFID

ZigBee v.s. RFID

ISO 802.15.4 enabled a low data transfer rate, low power and low cost sensor networks.The advantage of ZigBee chip is the high efficient routing for large area deployment.

Semi-passive RFID using ISO 18000-6A,B,C for long range detection of the tags.Suitable for data gathering in the residential area.


Commercial productsas known as class 3tags were availableon market for integrating sensor apps.Such kinds of product still need batteries to supply power for sensor, micro processor and related circuits.How to build a batteryless power solution for sensor nodes is a key challenge.


RFID Sensor Node Charged with

Energy Harvesting Chip

RFID Sensor Node Charged with

Energy Harvesting ChipThe environmental energy sources supply power in irregular, random, and burst charging.The RFID tag enabled by harvested energy is required to capture and transfer intermittent low energy bursts to become stable power supply for normal operation.

mems thermal & fluid control lab....

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