microsoft office 2010 · 2011. 8. 7. · essential computer concepts 2 . objectives xp •identify...

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Microsoft Office 2010

Essential Computer Concepts

XP XP XP Objectives

• Compare the types of computers

• Describe the components of a computer system

• Examine data representation and the ASCII code

• Learn about processing hardware

• Define memory and storage

• Describe input and output peripheral devices

2 Essential Computer Concepts

XP XP XP Objectives

• Identify the hardware and software that are used for data communications and to establish a network connection

• Explain how Internet access, email, and the World Wide Web affect the use of computers

• Describe potential security threats to computers and protection methods

• Discuss the types of system software and their functions

• Identify popular application software

• Learn about cloud computing 3 Essential Computer Concepts

XP XP XP Computer Advertisement

Essential Computer Concepts 4

XP XP XP What Is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, displays the information in some way, and stores the information for retrieval later


XP XP XP Types of Computers

• Desktop computers

• Notebook (laptop) computers

• Tablet PCs

• Subnotebook computers

• Netbooks

• Slate computers

• Handheld computers

• Smartphones

• MP3 players

• Mainframe computers

• Supercomputers 6 Essential Computer Concepts

XP XP XP Types of Computers


XP XP XP Computer Systems

• Includes computer hardware and software

– Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer

– Software refers to the intangible components of a computer system, particularly the programs, or lists of instructions, the computer needs to perform a specific task

• The design and construction of the hardware of a particular computer is referred to as its architecture or configuration

• The technical details about each component are called specifications


XP XP XP Data Representation

• Data refers to the words, numbers, figures, sounds, and graphics that describe people, events, things, and ideas

• Binary digits (bits)

• A series of eight bits is called a byte

– Kilobyte (KB or K)

– Megabyte (MB)

– Gigabyte (GB)

– Terabyte (TB)

• ASCII

– American Standard Code for Information Interchange


XP XP XP Processing Hardware • The motherboard is

the main electronic component of the computer

– Circuit board

• The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard

• Cards are removable circuit boards


XP XP XP Memory

• Random access memory (RAM)

– Volatile memory

– SDRAM

• Cache memory (RAM cache or CPU cache)

• Virtual memory


XP XP XP Storage Media

• A computer file is a named collection of stored data

• An executable file contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task

• A data file is created by a user



• Magnetic storage media

– A hard disk contains several magnetic oxide-covered metal platters that are usually sealed in a case inside the computer



• Optical storage device

– CD

– DVD

– CD-R

– CD-RW

– CD-ROM

– DVD-R

– DVD+R

– DVD-RW

– DVD+RW

– BD-RE



• Flash memory

– Solid state storage

– Flash memory cards

– USB flash storage device

• USB flash drive


Uses microchips instead of hard disk drive

XP XP XP Input and Output

• The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input

• The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output

• Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions


XP XP XP Input Devices

• You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands – Keyboard

• Ergonomic – Pointing device

• Controls the pointer • Mouse

–Scroll wheel • Trackball • Touchpad • Pointing stick

– Touchscreen – Scanner


XP XP XP Output Devices

• Output devices show you the results of processing data – Monitor

• Flat panel • LCD • LED

– Printer • Laser • Inkjet • Dot matrix


XP XP XP Data Communications

• The transmission of text, numeric, voice, or video data from one computer to another or to a peripheral device is called data communications

– Sender and receiver

– Channel

– Protocol

– Device driver (driver)


XP XP XP Data Bus

• This path between the microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals is called the data bus

• Controller card

• Expansion card

• Expansion slot


XP XP XP Networks

• A network connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices, enabling you to share data and resources with others

• Network interface card (NIC)

• LAN

• WAN

• WLAN

• PAN

• WiMax


XP XP XP Telecommunications

• Telecommunications means communicating over a comparatively long distance using a phone line or some other data conduit

– Modem

• Digital and analog signals

– DSL

– Broadband connections


XP XP XP The Internet

• The Internet is the largest network in the world, connecting millions of people

– Email

– World Wide Web

• Web page

• Web site


XP XP XP Security Threats on Your Computer • Security refers to the steps a computer owner

takes to prevent unauthorized use of or damage to the computer – Malware

• Viruses –Antivirus software

• Spyware • Adware

• Firewall • Spoofed site • Phishing • Pharming


XP XP XP System Software

• System software helps the computer carry out its basic operating tasks

– Operating system

• System resource

• Multitasking

– Utilities

– Programming Languages


XP XP XP Application Software

• Application software enables you to perform specific computer tasks, such as document production, spreadsheet calculations, and database management

– Document production software



– Web site creation and management software

– Spreadsheet software

– Database management software



• Presentation software




• Photo editing software

• Video editing software

• Multimedia authoring software

• Accounting software

• Information management software

XP XP XP Computing in the Cloud

• Cloud computing means that data, applications, and even resources are stored on servers accessed over the Internet rather than on users’ computers, and you access only what you need when you need it

– Windows Live SkyDrive


microsoft office 2010 · 2011. 8. 7. · essential computer concepts 2 . objectives xp •identify...

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