teqnikuri TanamSromlobis germanuli organizacia

mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti (Tbilisi)

qvemo qarTlSi kulturaTa Soris TanamSromlobis kavSiri xidis (gardabani)

da saqarTveloSi azerbaijanel qalTa kavSiris (marneuli)

TanamonawileobiT

miwis problemebTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi

gardabnisa da marneulis raionebSi

analitikuri angariSi

Tbilisi-marneuli-gardabani

2006

Sinaarsi

problemis istoria: Sesavali 3

miwis reforma saqarTveloSi da umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli

sasazRvro zolebi 5

miwis ganawilebis procesebi gardabnisa da marneulis raionebSi 8

problemis ekonomikuri da politikuri ganzomilebani 13

miwis gadanawilebis axali midgomebi: meqanizmebi da gamowvevebi 16

dainteresebul pirTa reaqcia 19

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi 23

2

problemis istoria: Sesavali

winamdebare angariSis mizania gaanalizos konfliqti, romelic

SesaZloa miwis ganawilebidan warmodges marneulisa da gardabanis

raionebSi. aRniSnuli raionebi qvemo qarTlis regionSi Sedis da

mdebareobs saqarTvelos dedaqalaq TbilisTan axlos, kerZod, mis

aRmosavleTiT da samxreT-aRmosavleTiT. gardabanis raioni esazRvreba

azerbaijans, marneulis raioni ki _ azerbaijans da somxeTs.

marneulis raioni saqarTvelos mxridan gadis wiTel xidze, sadac

ikveTeba samxreT kavkasiis sami saxelmwifos sazRvrebi.

orive raioni, upiratesad, agrarulia. metwilad mohyavT

bostneuli; maT Soris kartofils mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. Tumca

ar gagvaCnia zusti monacemebi calkeul raionebze, magram cnobilia,

rom 2000 wels qvemo qarTlis regionSi 126000 tona kartofili

moiyvanes, rac Seadgens saqarTveloSi mTeli kartofilis mosavlis

41,8%-s. imave wels regionSi aiRes qveyanaSi miRebuli bostneulis

mosavlis 25,4%.

didia mesaqonleobis wilic regionis ekonomikaSi. saqonlis

suladoba qvemo qarTlis regionSi qveynis saqonlis suladobis 11%-ia.

gardabnisa da marneulis raionebi saqonlis mTavari mwarmoeblebi

arian regionSi.

mrewveloba nakleb aris ganviTarebuli. metic, rac aris, isic

daRmavlobas ganicdis; 2002 wels gardabanis raionSi warmoebis

mTlianma moculobam wina wlis analogiuri maCveneblis 41,3% Seadgina,

marneulis raionSi ki _ 23,2% (imave periodSi saqarTveloSi

ekonomikuri aqtivoba 7%-iT gaizarda). erTaderTi gamonaklisi, rac

metnaklebad cvlis gardaban-marneulis agrarul saxes, gardabnis

Tboeleqtrosadguria, romelic gamoimuSavebs saqarTvelos

eleqtroenergiis ZiriTad nawils. bevri qarTvelisTvis gardabani

TboeleqtrosadgurTan aris asocirebuli, Tumca, dasaqmebulobis

TvalsazrisiT, eleqtrosaguris mniSvneloba Sesustda. rogorc

adastureben respondentebi (gardabnis sakrebulos mdivani m. joxaZe),

ramdenime blokis daxurvisa da privatizaciis Semdeg

3

Tboeleqtrosadguris TamanSromelTa raodenoba 1800-idan daaxloebiT

200-amde Semcirda. dRemde energosistema saqarTveloSi Rrma kriziss

ganicdida, denis ganawilebis kompaniebi ver axerxebdnen moxmarebuli

energiis safasuris akrefas, ris gamoc SemorCenili TanamSromlebic

Tveebis manZilze ver iRebdnen xelfass. bolo or wels mniSvnelovani

reformebi gatarda energosistemaSi, gaumjobesda rogorc energiis

warmoeba, ise misi moxmarebis safasuris mokrefa, ramac gardabnis

TboeleqtrosadgurSi muSaoba kvlav ufro sasurveli gaxada.

da mainc, orive raionis mosaxleTa umetesobis saarsebo wyaro

soflis meurneobaa. amitom miwis sakuTrebisa da misi ganawilebis

reformis sakiTxi udides mniSvnelobas iZens. am sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT SeSfoTebas iwvevs ramdenime garemoeba: 1. sakanonmdeblo

problemebi, rac dakavSirebulia im faqtTan, rom kanoni adgens

saqarTveloSi miwis privatizaciis CarCoebs da arsebobs

gansakuTrebuli SezRudvebi sasazRvro regionebisaTvis, rogorebicaa

gardabani da marneuli; 2. miwis ganawilebis sakiTxi, rac ukavSirdeba

im faqts, rom miwis didi nawili xelSi aqvs Cagdebuli mosaxleobis

mcire nawils da glexebis umetesoba iZulebulia, maTgan iqiraos

miwis nakveTi. 3. problemebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia produqciis

gasaRebasTan: bazris Zieba gazrdili konkurenciis, cudi sagzao

infrastruqturisa da gaZvirebuli transportirebis pirobebSi.

winamdebare angariSi ganixilavs aRniSnul wuxilebs da

SeSfoTebas adgilobriv dainteresebul pirTa poziciidan,

gaaanalizebs amasTan dakavSirebul konfliqtis sakiTxebs da

ganixilavs maTi mogvarebis gzebs. angariSi emyareba kvlevas, romelic

awarmova teqnikuri TanamSromlobis germanulma organizaciam da

mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiurma institutma _

qarTulma sajaro politikis kvleviTma centrma. kvlevaSi agreTve

monawileobdnen kulturaTa Soris TanamSromlobis kavSiri qvemo

qarTlSi da saqarTvelos azerbaijanel qalTa kavSiri _ ori

adgilobrivi organizacia, romlebic ganlagebulia Ggardabansa da

marneulSi. Tavdapirveli kvleva Catarda 2003 wlis zafxulSi. man

moicva dainteresebul pirTa Sexvedra adgilobriv doneze, amas mohyva

4

CaRrmavebuli interviuebis seria, fokus-jgufebSi diskusiebi, mediis

analizi, adgilze gamoTqmul SexedulebaTa raodenobrivi Seswavla.

2005 wels ukve vardebis revoluciis Semdeg, analizi ganaxlebul iqna

axal dainteresebul pirTa SexvedrebiTa da CaRrmavebuli

interviuebiT adgilobriv eqspertebTan. angariSSi gaTvaliswinebulia

agreTve adgilobriv dainteresebul pirTa SeniSvnebi da

rekomendaciebi aRniSnuli angariSis samuSao versiis mimarT.

miwis reforma saqarTveloSi da umciresobiT dasaxlebuli sasazRvro

zonebi

sabWoTa periodSi didi nawili sasoflo-sameurneo

holdingebisa, e. w. koleqtiuri meurneobebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis

saxiT pirdapir Tu arapirdapir eqvemdebareboda saxelmwifos

kontrols. glexebs SeeZloT individualurad mxolod mcire

sakarmidamo nakveTebiT esargeblaT, Tumca am patara miwis nakveTebis

mosavlianoba gacilebiT maRali iyo, vidre mTavrobas

daqvemdebarebuli meurneobebisa. nayofieri miwebi, TbilisTan

siaxlove, agreTve mTeli sabWoTa kavSiris bazarze xelmisawvdomoba,

dabali satransporto xarjebi gardabnisa da marneulis

macxovreblebs, ise rogorc saqarTvelos sxva regionebis bevr

mosaxles, saSualebas aZlevda, kargad ecxovra, yovel SemTxvevaSi,

sabWoTa standartebis mixedviT.

kolmeurneobebi da sabWoTa meurneobebi komunistur sistemasTan

erTad iSleboda. moyolebuli 1992 wlidan didi, mTavrobis kontrols

daqvemdebarebuli meurneobebi TandaTan iSleboda, xdeboda miwis

privatizacia an miwa urigdeboda kerZo pirebsa da organizaciebs.

Teoriulad, SeiZleba kacma ifiqros, rom am process soflis

mosaxleobis cxovrebis done unda aemaRlebina: kerZo piris xelSi

miwis nakveTs meti produqtiuloba unda hqonoda. sinamdvileSi, Sedegi

sapirispiro aRmoCnda. upirvelesad, sabWoeTis uzarmazari bazari

Znelad misawvdomi Seiqna mravalgzis gazrdili satransporto

xarjebisa da politikuri arastabilobis gamo. qveyanaSi Seqmnili

zogadi ekonomikuri krizisis gamo (msgavsad yofili sabWoTa kavSiris

5

respublikebisa) qalaqis mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTi unari

sagrZnoblad daeca. marTalia, saerTaSoriso sazRvrebi gaixsna, magram

sustad ganviTarebuli saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis konkurentebi

winwasuli Turqi fermerebi aRmoCndnen, romlTac SeeZloT bazarze

igive produqcia ufro iafad gamoetanaT. soflis mosaxleoba miCveuli

iyo saxelmwifos mxridan patronaJs, iqneboda es TesliTa da sasuqiT

momarageba, Tu sameurneo teqnikiT aRWurva. maT gauWirdaT “veluri

kapitalizmis” pirobebSi mxolod sakuTar Tavze dayrdnobiT

meurneobis gaZRola. sajaro infrastruqtura (gzebi, sairigacio

arxebi da a. S.) moiSala. agrokulturaSi ufro produqtiuli

meTodebis danergvam saqarTvelos soflis mosaxleobis didi nawili

ekonomikurad zedmetad aqcia. Tavis mxriv, mrewvelobac Rrma kriziss

ganicdida da ar SeeZlo daesaqmebina es adamianebi.

yovelive aman soflis mosaxleobis cxovrebis done sagrZnoblad

dasca 1990-ian wlebis dasawyisSi. gardabnisa da marneulis soflis

mkvidrnic iziareben qveynis saerTo viTarebas, magram amave dros

ikveTeba am regionisTvis specifikuri momentebi, rac dakavSirebulia

miwis privatizaciasa da ganawilebasTan.

miwis privatizaciis sakiTxi saqarTveloSi (iseve rogorc bevr

post-sabWoTa qveyanaSi) politikurad winaaRmdegobrivi aRmoCnda.

sabazro reformebze orientirebuli politikuri jgufebi miwaze

kerZo sakuTrebas ganixilavdnen rogorc reformebis sakvanZo

elements; konservatorebi gansakuTrebulad win aRudgnen amgvar

midgomas, radgan miaCndaT, rom miwis sakuTreba ewinaaRmdegeba

erovnul interesebs. miwis kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadacemis oponentTa

erT-erTi mTavari argumenti Tavisi bunebiT eTno-nacionalisturi iyo.

maTi azriT, polieTnikur qveyanaSi, sadac erovnuli umciresobebi

Tavmoyrilni arian sasazRvro raionebSi, miwaze yidva-gayidvis

uflebis daSveba strategiul safrTxes uqmnis saxelmwifos

teritoriul mTlianobas. maT mxedvelobaSi hqondaT qvemo qarTlis

regioni misi azerbaijanuli mosaxleobiT (aq ganxiluli raionebis

CaTvliT) da samcxe-javaxeTis mxare, sadac eTnikurad somxuri

mosaxleobaa koncentrirebuli. orive SemTxvevaSi, eTnikuri

6

umciresobebiT kompaqturad dasaxlebuli regionebi esazRvreba maT

“eTnikur samSobloebs”, anu azerbaijans da somxeTs, rac _ yovel

SemTxvevaSi, teritoriulad mainc _ eTno-demografiul winapirobas

uqmnis iredentistul moZraobebs.

miwis reforma saqrTveloSi pirvelad 1992 wels daiwyo axali

kanonis miRebiT sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis sakuTrebis Sesaxeb,

romelic miwis kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadasvlis saSualebas iZleoda. igi

cnobda miwis sakuTrebis or formas: kerZosa da saxelmwifos.

praqtikulad, saxelmwifo sakuTreba niSnavda imas, rom miwaze

kontrols axorcielebda gamgeoba _ adgilobrivi administraciuli

erTeuli, romelsac centri akontrolebs. mas SeeZlo miwa kerZo

sakuTrebaSi gadaeca an garkveuli pirobebis safuZvelze ijariT

gaeca.

miwaze sakuTrebis kontrolis mizniT Seiqmna miwis registraciis

saagento. miwaze kontroli srulyofilia, Tu sakuTrebis uflebebi

daregistrirebulia. es ki gulixmobs, rom TiToeul mesakuTres aqvs

ufleba sakuTari miwis nakveTi gasces ijariT, gaaCuqos, gaasxvisos,

daagiraos da a. S. es yovelive unda dadasturdes saregistracio

procedurebiT.

miwis reforma potenciur miwis mesakuTreebs sam kategoriad

yofda da gansazRvravda maTTvis miwis sxvadasva kvotas. pirvel

kategoriaSi moxvdnen is pirebi, romlebic uSualod iyvnen

dakavebulni soflis meurneobiT; maT SexvdaT didi nakveTebi. meore

kategoriaSi moxdvnen soflis is macxovreblebi, romlebic ar

eweodnen uSualod sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobas, mesame kategoria

moicavda qalaqad mcxovreb mosaxleobas (0,16 ha). kanonis mixedviT

miwis yovel mesakuTres unda gadaexada miwis gadasaxadi. Tumca, post-

SevardnaZiseuli mTavrobis axali SesworebebiT miwis is mesakuTreebi,

romlebic flobdnen xuT heqtramde miwas, ganTavisufldnen miwis

gadasaxadisgan.

garda kerZo sakuTrebaSi miwis gadacemisa, kanonma ufleba misca

gamgeobas, ijariT gaeca miwa rogorc kerZo pirebze, ise

organizaciebze xelSekrulebis safuZvelze. saijaro kontraqtiT

7

miwis ijariT gacemis maqsimaluri periodi 49 welia, Tumca gamgeoba

itovebs uflebas, gaauqmos ijaris xelSekruleba xelSekrulebis

pirobebis Seusruleblobis gamo.

saqarTvelos miwis kanonmdeblobisa da miwis privatizaciis

praqtikis yvelaze winaaRmdegobrivi nawili iyo ocdaerTkilometriani

sasazRvro zonis SemoReba, romlis farglebSi miwis privatizacia

ikrZaleboda. am gadawyvetilebas amarTlebdnen qveynis usafrTxoebiT,

magram gadawyvetilebiT aSkarad ukmayofilo darCnen sasazRvro

zonaSi mcxovrebi soflis meurneobiT dakavebuli eTnikuri

umciresobebi. am zonaSi adgilobriv mkvidrebze mxolod mcire

sakarmidamo nakveTebi ganawilda, xolo gardabnisa da marneulis

raionebSi miwis didi nawili Tavdacvis saministros kontrols

daeqvemdebara. adgilobriv xelisufalT aseve SeeZloT miwis ijariT

gacema. axalma mTavrobam, romelic movida vardebis revoluciis

Semdeg, gaauqma SezRudvebi miwis sakuTrebaze sasazRvro zonaSi,

magram usamarTlobis grZnoba miwis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT, ar

gamqrala eTnikur azerbaijanelebs Soris.

miwis ganawilebis procesi gardabansa da marneulSi

kvlevam aCvena, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleoba regionSi zogadad

ukmayofiloa miwis ganawilebis procesiT. gamoiTqmis sxvadasxvagvari

wuxili am sakiTxis irgvliv. erTi isaa, rom procesi sakmaod

gamWvirvale ar iyo da adgilobrivma mosaxleobam bevri araferi

icoda im wesebis Sesxeb, romelTa mixedviTac miwebi nawildeboda.

garda amisa, xelisufleba Seecada, SesaZlo pretedentebs ver

moexerebinaT maTTvis saWiro iformaciis mopoveba. rogorc erT-erTma

respondentma daiCivla, SeuZlebeli iyo gamgeobaSi miwasTan

dakavSirebiT informaciis mopoveba. gardabanSi Catarebuli fokus-

jgufebSi monawileTa TqmiT: “raionis yoveli meTauri fiqrobs, rom is

aris am miwis mesakuTre.... maT sakuTari Tavi miaCniaT yovlisSemZled...

isini hyidian miwas, rogorc Tavad surT.”

8

formalurad miwis ganawilebis meqanizmi aseTi iyo: adgilobrivi

xelisufleba gamoacxadebda konkurss adgilobrivi presis

saSualebiT; ganmcxadebeli, romelsac hqonda survili miwis ijariT

aRebisa, warmoadgenda biznes-gegmas da sxva saWiro dokumentebs

daluqul konvertSi. SerCeva xdeboda miwis komisiis mier, romlis

rekomendaciebic ganixileboda raionis gamgeobaSi, romelic iRebda

saboloo gadawyvetilebas. Tumca, adgilobrivi respondentebis TqmiT,

sinamdvileSi, gadawyvetilebebis miReba xdeboda qrTamebis, naTesauri

kavSirebis an centridan miTiTebaTa safuZvelze. Tanaxmad erTi

gardabneli respondentisa, gancxadebebi qveyndeboda adgilobriv

gazeT “gardabanSi” or enaze (qarTulad da azerbaijanulad), magram

gazeTis gamosvla imdenad igvianebda, rom gamosvlis dRisTvis miwis

ijaris sakiTxi ukve gadawyvetili iyo. metic, gazeTis gavrcelebac

arakeTilsindisierad xdeboda. soflebSi gazeTi saxelisuflo

struqturebis (aseTia soflis sakrebulo) mier vrceldeboda.

gamgeblebisa an soflis sakrebulos Tavmjdomareebi ar anawilebdnen

gazeTs macxovreblebs Soris. roca moqalaqeebi dagvianebiT

movidodnen CivilebiT, maT aCvenebdnen gazeTs da miuTiTebdnen

gamoqveynebul gancxadebaze. xandaxan qarTuli versia ar Seesabameboda

azerbaijanulad dabeWdil versias.

sabolood, miwa ijariT gaica firmebze da kerZo pirebze,

ZiriTadad, didi nakveTebis saxiT. aman bevri fermeri miwis gareSe

datova. adgilobriv macxovreblebs gansakuTrebiT aRaSfoTebdaT, rom

ijaris ufleba eZleodaT “ucxoebs”, anu im pirebsa da kompaniebs,

romlebic ar iyvnen regionis mkvidrni. es ukanasknelni, rogorc wesi,

miwas Semdeg qveijariT gascemdnen adgilobriv glexebze (bunebrivia,

ufro Zvirad _ heqtars as amerikul dolarad) sityvieri SeTanxmebis

safuZvelze, raime formaluri kontraqtis gareSe. zogierTi fermeri

miwas qveijariT iRebs ramdenime Suamavalis saSualebiT. garkveul

SemTxvevebSi msxvili mesakuTreebi miwas qveijariT ar gascemen, magram

qiraoben adgilobriv glexebs dRiur muSebad. produqciis gasaReba

metwilad xdeba ruseTSi did partiebad regionSi Camosuli

9

Suamavlebis meSveobiT. produqciis nawili mcire partiebad iyideba

saqarTvelosa da somxeTis bazrebze.

aseTi mdgomareoba iwvevs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mwvave

protests (gansakuTrebiT, azerbaijanel mosaxleobaSi). upirveles

yovlisa, protests iwvevs is faqti, rom miwis didi nawili ekuTvnis

centralur da adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan dakavSirebuli pirebs,

romlebic “ucxoni” arian regionisaTvis. marneulis fokus-jgufis

erTi respondentis sityvebiT: “ozurgeTidan Camovida qali da aiRo 300

heqtari miwa, man isic ki ar icis, sad aris misi miwa; is aq Camodis

yovel gazafxulze, idebs fuls jibeSi da midis, adgilobriv

biujetSi erTi TeTric ki ar Seaqvs.” rogorc respondentebma

miuTiTes interviuSi: “fermerebis umetesoba flobs mxolod erT an

erT-naxevar heqtar sakarmidamo nakveTebs, zogierTebs esec ki ar

gaaCniaT, maSin, roca msxvili mesakuTreebi akontroleben 400-500

heqtramde miwas.”

garda amisa, axali Camosuli moijareebi ar ixdian saSemosavlo

gadasaxads da Zalze xSirad saijaro gadasaxadsac. amitom, araferi

Sedis adgilobrivi soflis biujetSi. respondentebi adgilobrivi

biujetebis simwires ukavSireben sazogado infrsatruqturis – gzebi,

kanalizaciis sistema da a. S. _ moSlas.

miwis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi da aqedan

warmomdgari ukmayofilebac socialur-ekonomikuri xasiaTisaa.

SeiZleba is klasobriv konfliqtadac warmovadginoT. tranzituli

ekonomikis pirobebSi Zneli warmosadgenia, rom koleqtiuri

sakuTrebis gauqmebas soflad ekonomikuri stratifikacia ar gamoewvia.

da mainc, yvela xedavs usamarTlobas imaSi, rom miwis didi nawili

aRmoCnda msxvili meijareebis xelSi, romlebmac miiRes kontraqtebi

qrTamebis, naTesauri da nacnob-megobruli kavSirebis wyalobiT

adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan an kavSirebiT Tbilisis maRal

eSelonebTan. amiT adgilobrivi mosaxleobis didi nawili

qvemoijareebad an dRiur muSebad iqca. adgilobrivi xelisufleba

miwaze ijaris gacemis procesze kontrols iyenebda, erTi mxriv,

10

rogorc gamoZalvis iaraRs, xolo meore mxriv, rogorc politikuri

gavlenis saSualebas.

gardabnisa da marneulis mosaxleoba multieTnikuria, amitom

miwis ganawilebis sirTuleebma SeiZleba eTno-politikuri

Seferilobac miiRos. azerbaijaneli respondentebi amtkiceben, rom,

maSinac ki, roca miwa ijariT gaica adgilobriv macxovreblebze,

upiratesoba eTnikur qarTvelebs mieniWaT. “ucxoebi”, rogorc wesi,

arian qarTvelebi, romlebic, maTi warmodgeniT, am sistemiT mogebulni

arin adgilobrivi azerbaijaneli mosaxleobis xarjze.

kvlevam ar mogvca rame konkretuli informacia e. w. “ucxoebis”

Sesaxeb: isini idumalebis burusiT arian moculni. igulisxmeba, rom es

is adamianebi arian, vinc dakavSirebulia adgilobriv an centralur

xelisuflebasTan da hqondaT erTob Zlieri interesi, SeenarCunebinaT

status-kvo da ar daekargaT kontroli miwaze. amis safrTxe iqneboda

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu mTavroba daTmobaze wavidoda adgilobriv

azerbaijanul mosaxleobasan an mTliand qveyanaSi xelisuflebis

b

y

u

m

d

m

arsebuli mdgomareoba adgilobrivi macxovreblebis ukmayofilebas,

sul mcire, ori sakiTxis gamo iwvevda. qveijaris didi fasi

mniSvnelovnad amcirebda soflis meurneobis momgebianobas. magram

emociuri protesti usamarTlobis grZnobiTac iyo gamowveuli.

azerbaijanuli Temis warmomadgenelTa azriT, miwis ganawilebis

aseTi proceduris mizezi is iyo, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobas ar

undoda maTze miwis gadacema, radgan isini eTnikuri azerbaijanelebi

arian. aman gamoiwvia diskriminaciisa da gaucxoebis grZnoba.

alansi Seicvleboda.

raodenobrivma kvlevam daadastura, rom isini, vinc cxovrobs

ofil ocdaerTkilometrian sasazRvro zonaSi, gamoxataven met

kmayofilebas miwis ganawilebis gamo, vidre im soflebis

acxovreblebi, romlebic ar moxvdnen am zonaSi, Tumca gansaxvaveba

idi ar aris. pasuxebi kiTxvaze _ rogor mimdinareobda/mimdinareobs

iwis ganawilebis procesi _ Semdegnairad ganawilda:

11

sasazRvro zonis

soflebi

qalaqi arasasazRvro zonis

soflebi

samarTliani 9,5 8,2 17,0

arasamarTliani 24,3 15,8 18,2

sxva 29,1 18,2 25,1

miWirs pasuxis gacema 37,2 57,9 39,7

gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom azerbaijanelebi qarTvelebTan SedarebiT am

process ufro usamarTlod miiCneven, magram gansxvaveba arc ise didia.

azerbaijanelebi qarTvelebi

samarTliani 12,0 14,8

arasamarTliani 22,0 13,3

sxva 23,4 24,1

miWirs pasuxis gacema 42,7 47,8

protests, pirvel rigSi, gamoxataven imiT, rom gancxadebebiT

mimarTaven xelisuflebas (raionuli administracia, deputatebi). Tu

amgvar meTods Sedegi ar mohyva, SeiZleba mimarTon sajaro aqciebs:

Seikribon soflis an regionuli gamgeobebis win. magram

ukmayofilebis aseTi Ria demonstrireba iSviaTad xdeba. aqaurebi

eridebian problemebis politizacias, radgan fiqroben (da arcTu

umizezod), rom aman SeiZleba gamoiwvios eTnikuri urTierTobebis

daZabva.

konfliqtebis kidev erTi wyaroa damgiravebelsa da mogiravneebs

Soris raime kontraqtisa da formaluri SeTanxmebis ararseboba.

kerZod, konfliqtebi xSirad warmodgeba saijaro gadasaxadebis

odenobasa da ijaris gadaxdis vadasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad

SeiZleba Semdegi SemTxveva movitanoT. erT-erTi soflis sakrebulom

gamgeobisgan miiRo 110 heqtari saZovari. sakrebulom daniSna miwaze

pasuximgebeli piri. am samsaxuris sanacvlod aRniSnul pirs unda

mieRo ori heqtari miwa, magram kontraqti am SeTanxmebaze ar

gaformebula. axalma gamgebelma gamoitana gadawyvetileba, rom miwaze

12

pasuxismgebel pirs unda gadaexada heqtarze 250 lari. magram raki am

ukanasknels ar SeeZlo aRniSnuli Tanxis gadaxda, miwa sxvas gadaeca.

am pirovnebam sasamarTloSi saCivari ver Seitana, radgan werlobiTi

dokumenti zemoT naxsenebi SeTanxmebisa ar gaaCnda. zogadad,

qvedamqiraveblebs urCevniaT hqondeT werilobiTi SeTanxmeba, magram

damqiraveblebi uaroben, albaT, imitom, rom sityvebiT manipulirebis

SesaZleblobas kargaven.

problemis ekonomikuri da politikuri aspeqtebi

unda aRiniSnos, rom soflis mosaxleobas saqarTvelos sxva

regionebSi, sadac ar yofila miwis sakuTrebaze ramenairi SezRudva

da arc eTnikuri problemebi, aranaklebi (SeiZleba metic ki)

siZneleebi hqondaT, Tumca nawilobriv sxva Seferilobis. gardabnisa

da marneulis mosaxleobasTan maT aerTianebda saerTo problemebi:

sabWoTa bazris dakargva, gazrdili satransporto xarjebi,

momxmarebelTa dabali msyidvelunarianoba, cudi gzebi, sasoflo-

sameurneo infrsatruqturis (sairigacio sistemebi, sasoflo-sameurneo

manqana-danadgarebi) moSla da ase Semdeg. damatebiTi gamowvevebi

mohyva privatizaciis process: miwis “samarTliani” ganawileba iwves

miwis mcire nakveTebad danawilebas; mcire nakveTi ki ver iqneba

momgebiani. SedarebiT ukeT ganviTarebul agrarul regionebSi,

rogoricaa, magaliTad, kaxeTi, daiwyo miwis meored ganawileba

komerciul safuZvelze; es niSnavs, rom glexebi sakuTar miwis

nakveTebs dabal fasebSi yidian, xSirad im adamianebze, vinc agreTve

“ucxoa” arian regionisaTvis; amis Semdeg miwis axali mesakuTreebi

isev adgilobrivebs qiraoben dRiur muSebad. miwis nayofiereba da

TbilisTan siaxlove, Tundac usamarTlo qveijaris pirobebSi,

marneulisa da gardabanis meurneobebs ufro momgebians xdis

saqarTvelos sxva regionebTan SedarebiT. amrigad, Tumca adgilobrivi

glexebis problemebs aSkarad ekonomikuri safuZveli aqvs,

13

sakanonmdeblo da eTno-politikuri aspeqtebi aucileblad

gasaTvaliswinebelia.

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba da saxelmwifo SeiZleba ganxilul

iqnen rogorc mTavari dapirispirebuli mxareebi, roca saqme miwis

ganawilebas exeba. xalxis ukmayofileba uSualod mimarTulia

xelisufalTa politikis winaaRmdeg: maTi azriT, swored maT ver

moaxerxes miwis ganawilebis samarTliani meqnizmis danergva.

azerbaijanelebs miaCniaT, rom am usamarTlobis motivacia eTnikuri

xasiaTisaa. amaSi mTavari damnaSave ufro xelisuflebaa, vidre

adgilobrivi qarTuli mosaxleoba. da mainc, amgvari viTareba

garkveulad Zabavs eTnikur Temebs Soris urTierTobasac. kerZod,

azerbaijanelebi zogjer adanaSauleben svanur Tems (anu adamianebs,

vinc aq svaneTSi momxdari stiqiuri ubedurebis gamo Camoasaxles)

agresiulobaSi miwisaTvis brZolisas. zogierTi respondentis TqmiT,

isini marto im meTodebs ki ar mimarTaven, romelTac yvela iyenebs

miwis misaRebad (qrTami, piradi kavSirebi), aramed miwis Riad

mitacebasac ar eridiebian. dapirispirebas miwis msxvil moijareebsa

da qvemoijareebs Sorisac SeZleba zogjer eTnikuri Seferiloba

axldes. saqme isaa, rom pirvelni xSirad (Tumca ara yovelTvis)

qarTvelebi arian, qvemoijareni ki _ azerbaijanelebi. garda amisa,

regionis mosaxleobas Soris SesaZlebelia konfliqti miwis

nakveTebis ganawilebis an sarwyavi arxebis Taobaze, magram aseTi

konfliqti iSviaT SemTxvevaSi iZens eTnikuri dapirispirebis saxes.

wina xelisuflebis politika is iyo, rom Tvali daexuWa amgvar

darRvevebze. Tu moijare aRar mouvidodaT TvalSi an sulac am

ukanasknelis miwa dasWirdeboda “saWiro” adamianis dasasaCuqreblad,

moijaris mier xelSekrulebis raimegvar darRvevas Tavisuflad

iyenebdnen mis Sesawyvetad.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sakanonmdeblo Tu faqtobrivi bundovaneba

miwis kontrolze xelisuflebas uflebas aZlevda, miwis ganawileba

da misi xelmeored gadanawileba gamoeyenebina rogorc mTavari

resursi. adgilobriv xelisufalT SeeZloT gamoeyenebinaT es resursi

sxvadasxva miznisaTvis: daegrovebinaT qoneba, gaemyarebinaT sakuTari

14

poziciebi maRali Tanamdebobis pirebis moqrTamviT _ maTTvis

Semosavliani miwis kontraqtebis dadebiT _ da amiT emarTaT

adilobrivi politika. am mxriv, mTavar samiznes warmoadgendnen

adgilobrivi araformaluri liderebi, romlebic garkveuli

avtoritetiT sargebloben: maTi politikuri loialoba SeiZleba

eyidaT imiT, rom miwa miecaT ijariT. bunebrivia, miwis ga(da)nawilebis

sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri xdeboda arCevnebis moaxloebisas.

marTalia, kanonis mixedviT miwas soflis sakrebuloebi

anawilebdnen, praqtikulad, am ukanasknelT ar SeeZloT

gadawyvetilebis miReba xelisuflebis zeda doneebis _ raionis an

mxaris administraciebis _ “kurTxevis” gareSe. gansxvaveba

mniSvnelovania, radgan pirvelT adgilobrivad irCevdnen, ukanasknelT

ki centridan niSnavdnen. Tumca adgilobriv liderebs arCevnebSi

gasamarjveblad zeda donis mxardaWera mainc sWirdebaT. soflis

sakrebulos wevrTa naTesavebsa da axloblebs garantirebuli aqvT

privilegiebi miwis ganwilebisas. adgilobriv mkvidrTa gadmocemiT,

raionuli/regionuli administraciebi da adgilobrivi arCeviTi

gamgeblebi Seadgendnen saerTo jaWvs, romlis muSaoba efuZneboda

miwis sferoSi ukanono Semosavlebs. samagierod, soflis gamgeblis

mniSvneloba ganisazRvreboda imiT, Tu ramdenad axerxebda stabilobis

SenarCunebas araformalur liderebTan kontaqtebis saSualebiT.

amitom, soflis gamgebelis kandidaturebis SerCevisas centris an

mxaris administracia cdilobda SeerCia adamianebi, romlebic ara

marto loialurebi iqnebodnen, aramed sofelSi garkveuli avtoriteti

eqnebodaT.

miwis ganawilebis meqanizmebi, SeiZleba gamoeyenebinaT agreTve

ukmayofiloebTan saTanamSromlod. magaliTad SeiZleba dasaxeldes

SemTxveva marneulis raionSi. erT-erTi gavleniani azerbaijaneli

pirovneba, romelic xSirad Riad akritikebda xelisuflebis

politikas miwis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT, daniSnes sajaro

samsaxurSi sapasuxismgeblo Tanamdebobaze. es Tanamdeboba

dakavSirebuli iyo miwis ijaris problemebis regulirebasTan.

aRniSnul pirovnebas mTlianad ar Seucvlia Tavisi kritikuli

15

damokidebuleba, magram misi sityvebiT, is meti gagebiT moekida

problemas da gansxvavebul Suqze dainaxa is obieqturi siZneleebi,

romlebic xelisuflebis winaSe idga.

adgilobrivi respondentebi metwilad kritikulad arian

ganwyobilni xelisufalTa politikis mimarT, magram amave dros

aRiareben, rom Tavadac meti aqtiuroba marTebT samarTlianobis

misaRwevad. magaliTad, gardabnis raionis arasasazRvro soflebis

mkvidrTa TqmiT, umniSvnelovanesi socio-ekonomikuri da politikuri

problemebi warmodgeba “mosaxleobis dabali sazogadoebrivi

aqtivobidan.” miwis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTuleebic,

upiratesad, iqidan modis, rom adamianebma ar ician kanonebi. es zogadi

gancxadeba sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom igive respondentebi mzad arian,

TavianTi uflebebi daicvan an kanonis gziT brZola arCion

araformalur an sulac korofciul urTierTobebs.

axali midgomebi miwis gadanawilebis mimarT: meqanizmebi da

gamowvevebi

axali xelisufleba aRiarebs, rom miwis gadanawileba gardabnisa da

marneulis raionebSi arasamarTlianad moxda da sakiTxisadmi axali

midgomaa aucilebeli. am mizniT bevrgan specialuri komisiebi Seiqmna,

romelTac evalebaT Zveli xelSekrulebebi da biznes-gegmebi

gadaamowmon, gaauqmon kontraqtebi, romelTa pirobebi moijaris mier

ar aris daculi, amasTan, ecadon SemoiRon miwis ganawilebis ufro

samarTliani da gamWvirvale procedura.

rogorc wesi, moijareebi SeTanxmebis pirobebs uxeSad

arRvevdnen. rogorc zemoT iTqva, bevri moijare gadasaxads ar ixdida.

garda amisa, biznes-gegma moicavda valdebulebebs, rogor unda

gamoyenebuliyo miwa: magaliTad, ramdeni muSa unda daeqiravebinaT da

rogor daebegraT maTi xelfasi. magram raki, sinamdvileSi, miwa

gadacemuli iyo qveijariT, aravin ixdida xelfasebs da Sesabamisad _

gadasaxads. biznes-gegmaSi SesaZloa miTiTebuli yofiliyo Tesvis

specialuri gegmac.: Tu miwa umaRlesi kategoriisa, bostneulis

16

miwis ganawileba: konkretuli SemTxvevebi

aq moyvanilia respondentTa mier monayoli sxvadasxva SemTxveva;

maTi gadamowmeba am angariSis avtorTa kompetenciaSi ar Sedioda

SemTxveva 1

komisiis gadawyvetilebiT, gauqmda xelSekruleba erTnaxevari ha

miwis ijariT gacemis Sesaxeb gadasaxadebis gadaxdisagan Tavis

aridebis mizeziT. sasamarTlom aRadgina wina moijaris uflebebi.

miuxedavad amisa, konfliqti ar Camcxrala, radgan axalma moijarem

uari Tqva miwis daTmobaze.

SemTxveva 2

miwis erTi da igive nakveTi (farTobiT erTi ha) ijariT or

sxvadasxva adamians gadaeca. arc sakrebulos da arc sasamarTlos

ar surs ganixilos es SemTxveva da konfliqti gadauwyveteli rCeba.

SemTxveva 3

gadasaxadebis dagvianebiT gadaxdis gamo moijare gadasaxadis

gaxuTmagebiT dajarimda. saqme sasamarTlos gadaeca; man ganaaxla

xelSekruleba, uaryo sajarimo gadasaxadi da respondents

gadasaxadebis ZiriTadi odenobiT gadaxda daavala. miuxedevad

sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebisa, sagadasaxado departamenti

moijares jarimis gadaxdas avalebs.

SemTxveva 4

pirovnebas surs miwis ijariT aReba da akeTebs formalur

ganaxcads amis Taobaze. misi ganacxadi daukmayofeli rCeba

Tavisufali miwis nakveTebis ararsebobis safuZvelze. maZiebeli

miuTiTebs, rom erT-erTi moijare xelSekrulebis pirobebs arRvevs,

magram misi informacia ugulebelyofilia.

SemTxvevaV

komisiam ramdenjerme ganixila xelSekruleba da yovel jerze

sxvadasxva gadwyvetileba miiRo: miwis farTobis Semcireba, sawyisi

pirobebis aRdgena, xelSekrulebaze xelismomwerTa raodenobis

Secvla da a.S. moijare xelSekrulebis pirobebis saboloo

dadgenas iTxovs.

SemTxveva V1

respondentebi Civian, rom miwis didi nakveTi gadaeca Tbilisis

ipodroms, ris gamoc adgilobrivi mkvidrni umiwod darCnen.

pasuxismgebeli moxeleebi pirobas iZlevian moagvaron es problema

da miwa umiwod darCenil adgilobriv mkvidrebs gadascen, magram

gadawyvetilebis miReba usasrulod Wianurdeba.

mosayvanad unda iqnes gamoyenebuli da ara Tivis sawarmoeblad,

magaram xSirad es ukanaskneli ufro momgebiania. is, rom

xelSekrulebebi aseT pirobebs da biznes-gegmebs moicavda, komisiebs

17

saSualebas aZlevda, isini kontraqti gaeuqmebina da miwa axali

konkursisTvis gadaeca.

miwis gadanawilebis procesSi ori saxis komisiaa CarTuli.

specialuri komisiebi Seqmnilia imisaTvis, rom gadaamowmon

xelSekrulebebi: moaxdinon miwis inspeqcia, Seamowmon, ixdis Tu ara

moijare xelSekrulebis pirobebis mixedviT miwis begaras, Tu misdevs

biznes-gegmas, ixdis gadasaxadebs da a. S. am specialuri komisiis

monakvlevis bazaze mudmivi komisia iRebs gadawyvetilebas, gaauqmos

Tu gaagrZelos xelSekruleba. Tu xelSekrulebis gagrZeleba

gadawyda, mudmivmoqmedma komisiam safuZvliani da kargad

dasabuTebuli argumentebi unda warmoadginos.

Semowmebam aCvena, rom bevri moijare ar misdevs xelSekrulebis

da biznes-gegmis pirobebs. tipuria SemTxveva, roca miwa gacemuli iyo

bostneulis mosayvanad, magram gamoyenebul iqna Tivis dasamzadeblad.

komisiis monacemebis safuZvelze gauqmda xelSekrulebebi 770 heqtar

miwaze, romelsac saZovrebad iyenebdnen. sofel jandaraSi daaxloebiT

4000 heqtari gacemuli iyo sam moijareze da xelSekrulebis

sapirispirod mxolod Tivis dasamzadeblad gamoiyeneboda. am

mokvlevamac ramdenime saijaro kontraqtis gauqmeba gamoiwvia.

rogorc erT-erTma raionuli administraciis warmomadgenelma

aRniSna, aravis aqvs iluzia, rom am gziT miwasTan dakavSirebuli

yvela problema mogvardeba. komisiis muSaoba ar aris unaklo da

saWiroebs Semdgom daxvewas meti gamWvirvalobis misaRwevad, miwis

saijaro kontraqtis Semowmebis da kontrolis mudmivmoqmedi

meqanizmis Sesaqmnelad da a. S. axali xelisufleba acxadebs, rom is

Zlier aris mowadinebuli da Seswevs kidec saimiso Zala, rom miwis

samarTliani ganawileba moaxdinos.

gauqmebuli xelSekrulebebis Sedegad gamoTavisuflebuli miwebi

ijariT gaicema tenderis safuZvelze. ganmcxadeblebs, iqnebian isini

iuridiuli pirebi, sainiciativo jgufebi Tu kerZo pirebi, SeuZliaT

warmoadginon biznes-gegmebi da saWiro miwis odenoba moiTxovon. miwa

gadaecema imaT, vinc gadaixdis met ijaras da visi biznes-gegmac ufro

damajerebeli da momgebiani iqneba.

18

cxadia, komisiis muSaobas ar gadauwyvetia miwis ganawilebasTan

dakavSirebuli yvela mtkivneuli problema. piriqiTac ki moxda:

iqaurebis TqmiT, miwis samarTliani ganawileba am axali meqanizmiT

ver xerxdeba, es procesi situacias Zabavs da axal konfliqtebs

iwvevs. erT respondents mohyavs SemTxveva, roca komisiis

gadawyvetilebiT gauqmda xelSekruleba imis safuZvelze, rom moijare

Tavs aridebda begaris gadaxdas. moijarem warmoadgina sabuTebi, rac

adasturebda begaris gadaxdas, magram xelSekruleba mainc ar

ganuaxlebiaT. moijarem sasamarTloSi iCivla. am ukanasknelma

gadawyvetileba moijaris sasargeblod gamoitana, magram ganaCeni ar

aRsrulebula da moijaris uflebebi ar aRudgeniaT. zogi

respondentis SeniSvniT, begaris gadaxdis sabuTebi yovelTvis sando

ar aris. yalbi sabuTebis mopoveba SesaZlebelia qrTamiTa da

nacnobobiT.

aseTi SemTxvevebi mosaxleobaSi imedgacruebas iwvevs. bevri

maTgani skeptikurad uyurebs komisiebis muSaobas, radgan fiqrobs, rom

miwis gadanawileba isev korufciiTa da piradi kavSirebiT moxdeba.

dainteresebul pirTa reaqcia

marneulis raionis sofel kabirkentis mkvidri

zogadad mocemuli analizi miukerZoebla afasebs situacias, romelic

raionSi miwis ganawilebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs. magram ismis

kiTxva: vin gamoasworebs Secdomebs, vin daaregulirebs konfliqtebs?

uamravi gasaCivrebuli saqmidan samarTlianad Zalze cotaa

gadawyvetili. biurokratia, korufcia, axlobloba, naTesaoba – ai,

riTi xdeba problemebis “gadaWra” Tu saCivrebis “dakmayofileba”.

usamarTlobis Zirebi sxva erovnebaTa siZulvilidan modis: maT

amcireben da aviwroeben imitom, rom umciresobas warmoadgenen da

qarTuli ar ician. arsebuli konfliqtebi ver mogvardeba, sanam kanoni

ar amuSavebda, sanam wesebsa da kanonebs qarTvelebica da

araqarTvelebic erTnairad ar daemorCilebian.

19

konfliqtis erTaderTi mizezi miwa ar aris. magram, ramdenadac

adgilobrivi mosaxleobisTvis miwaa Semosavlis erTaderTi wyaro, e.w.

“ucxoTaTvis” miwis ijariT gadacema mZafr reaqcias iwvevs.

marneulis raionis sof. qvemo yularis macxovreblebi

unda iTqvas, rom dayofa “Cven” da “ucxoebi” aramarTebulia, radgan

Cven yvela varT saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis

Semdeg saqarTveloSi mravali reforma gatarda, maT Soris _ miwis

reformac. cdebian isini, vinc fiqrobs, rom eTnikuri samSoblos

mosazRvre zonaSi mWidrod dasaxlebuli eTnikuri umciresobebi

safrTxes warmoadgens. sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, rom saqarTvelos

yvela moqalaqisTvis Tanabari pirobebi Seiqmnas da konstituciiT

gaTvaliswinebuli uflebebiT yvelam Tanabrad isargeblos.

1996 wlis miwis reforma iTvaliswinebda sasazRvro zonaze

ocdaerTkilometrian SezRudvas; es iyo adamianTa uflebebis

darRvevac da regionis soflis meurneobis ganadgurebis winapirobac.

garkveulma pirebma uzarmazari sasoflo-samurneo teritoriebi

Caigdes xelSi da iwyes maTi aramiznobrivi gamoyeneba; amas ki mohyva

dapirispireba sxvadasxva socialur jgufs Soris. savalalo Sedegebis

Tavidan asacileblad miwis ijariT gadacema Semdegnairad unda

ganxorcieldes:

1. yvela adre dadebuli xelSekruleba gauqmdes;

2. ocderTkilometriani sasazRvro zonis nacvlad SezRudva dawesdes

xuT kilometrze;

3. arsebuli miwis ijariT gacemis ufleba gadaeces soflis

sakrebulos.

4. gauqmdes miwaze gamocxadebuli tenderebi da konkursebi; miwa

gadaeces imas, visac is ekuTvnis, anu glexebs.

gardabnis raionis raionis gamgeobis warmomadgeneli

sanam umuSevrobaa, miwaze kontroli yovelTvis gamoiwvevs konfliqts

rogorc xelisuflebasa da miwis momxmarebels, ise Tavad miwis

momxmarebelTa Soris. regionebSi, sadac miwa da soflis meurneoba

20

Semosavlis mTavari wyaroa, gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis aRorZinebas

umniSvnelovanesi roli eniWeba.

konfliqtebi da konfrotacia adgilobriv xelisuflebas da

meijareebs Soris gamowveulia Sida politikuri arastabilurobiT.

marTalia, miwis ganawileba aris konfliqtebis mizezi, magram zogjer

konfliqtebi adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mierac iyo

xelovnurad gamowveuli. araswori iqneba, Tu miwas Tanabrad

daunawileben yvela msurvels. msgavsi principiT mxolod sakarmidamo

makveTebis ganawileba SeiZleba. miwa unda gadanawildes maTze, visac

unari da SesaZlebloba aqvs, is miznobrivad gamoiyenos anu moaxdinos

misi eqspluatacia sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis sawarmoeblad.

dResdReobiT savargulebis mxolod 20% gamoyeneba agrokulturebis

mosayvanad, rac niSnavs, rom danarCen gadanawilebul miwas mxolod

saTived iyeneben; es iZleva maqsimalur mogebas minimaluri

danaxarjebiT. magram Tivis warmoeba anadgurebs miwis nayofierebas,

romlis aRdgenasac sami weli sWirdeba.

gardabnis raionis gamgeobis warmomadgeneli

miwis gadanawileba unda efuZnebodes samarTlianobis an efeqturobis

princips. miwis ganawilebis procesSi arc erTi principi ar yofila

gaTvaliswinebuli. yvelaze Zviri sairigacio nagebobebTan

ganlagebuli nakveTebia, romlebic mxolod erTeulebis xelSia.

imisTvis, rom mogvardes miwasTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi,

aucilebelia miwis kanonis gadaxedva da miwis gadanawilebis uflebis

gadacema soflis sakrebuloebisaTvis.

marneulis raionis sof. kirixlos da qvemo yularis macxovreblebi

1990 wlidan sof. kirixlos da qvemo yularis macxovreblebi

moiTxoven miwis gadanawilebas adgilobriv mosaxleobaze. am mizniT

ramdenjerme mimarTes xelisuflebis sxvadasxva eSelonis

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warmomadgenlebs, maT Soris, prezidentsac, magram uSedegod. rogorc

gairkva, maRali Tanamdebobebis pirebma erTmaneTSi gadainawiles miwa.

marneulis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgeli

kargi iqneboda, Tu mocemuli analizi SemogvTavazebda miwasTan

dakavSirebuli problemisa da konfliqtebis mSvidobianad gadaWris

gzebs. pirvel rigSi, sasazRvro zonaze gavrcelebuli

ocdaerTkilometriani SezRudva unda moixsnas, Sesabamisad,

gamoTavisuflebuli miwa kerZo sakuTrebaSi unda gadanawildes. miwis

problemis ignorirebam SeiZleba ufro seriozul konfliqtamde

migviyvanos.

sanam es gakeTebula, miwis ijariT gacema samarTlianobisa da

gamWirvaleobis principebis dacviT unda moxdes. mosazreba, rom miwis

mcire nakveTebad dayofa aramomgebiania, mcdaria. mcire nakveTebis

meSveobiT mosaxleobas eqneba SesaZlebloba daamuSavos miwa piradi

moxmarebisTvis. mcire miwebi fermerTa asociaciis, melioraciis

asociaciisa da sxva kavSirebis Camoyalibebis saSualebasac iZleva.

miwis ganawilebisas upiratesoba unda mieniWos adgilobriv soflis

mosaxleobas.

unda aikrZalos miwis qveijariT gadacema, radgan es ukanaskneli

konfliqtebisa da korufciis mTavari wyaroa. qveijariT miwis

gadacemis SemTxvevaSi iqmneba spekulantTa fena; isini miwas ijariT

gascemen oficialur fasTan SedarebiT gacilebiT ufro Zvirad.

saxelmwifo unda reagirebdes mosaxloebis saCivrebze da

wuxilebze. mosamarTleebis rolic erTob mniSvnelovania, Tumca

dResdReobiT isini mxolod Zalauflebis mqone pirebis davalebebs

asruleben. aseve saWiroa miwaze gadasaxadebis gamartiveba da

liberalizacia.

marneulis raionuli gamgeobis warmomadgeneli

analizi regionSi arsebul realur suraTs aCvenebs, Tumca vardebis

revoluciis Semdeg momxdari cvlilebebic gasaSuqebelia. miwaze

sakuTrebis Sesaxeb kanonis gamosvlis Semdeg miwis ganawileba uamravi

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darRveviT moxda. maTi gamosworeba axali xelisuflebis mosvlis

Semdeg daiwyo. arsebuli konfliqtebis gadasawyvetad aucilebelia

sasamarTlo Careva. Tumca, samwuxarod, adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

samoqalaqo ganaTlebis done Zalian dabalia, rac glexebs xels

uSlis, miwis reforma samarTlebriv safuZvelze gaiazron. Tavis

mxriv, saxelmwifo enis ucodinarobac aferxebs mosaxleobis

samarTlebriv ganaTlebas, rac sabolood ukmayofilebas iwvevs.

iuristi marneulis raionidan

komunisturi reJimis damxobis Semdeg marneulSi arsebuli miwebi

kolmeurneobebis da sabWoTa meurneobebis xelmZRvanelebma,

saxelmwifo moxeleebma Tu sxva Zalauflebis mqone pirebma miitaces.

adgilobrivma mosaxleobam naTlad ver gaiazra, rom saxelmwifo

qoneba kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadadioda, Tumca es ufro ganaTlebuli

nawilisTvis cxadi iyo.

1996-1997 wlebSi moxda miwis legalizeba e.w. “miwis reformis”

saxeliT. miwasTan dakavSirebuli konfliqtebi xelovnurad iyo

Seqmnili wina xelisuflebis mier. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba moeloda, rom mravali problema

gadaiWreboda, magram axlandeli xelisufleba mxolod sakadro

politikiT aris dakavebuli. xelisuflebas awyobs Zveli problemebi

gadauWrelad SeinarCunos, raTa advilad akontrolos situacia.

konfliqtebi, romlebic mocemul analizSia ganxiluli, arasdros

warmomdgara eTnikur an nacionalur niadagze. isini Segnebulad

Seiqmna da maT xelovnurad mieca eTnikuri Seferiloba.

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

imis gamo, rom gardabani da marneuli upiratesad sasoflo-sameurneo

raionebia, miwis ganawilebis problema aq udides mniSvnelobas iZens.

amasTan, igi ufo mwvaved dgas aq, vidre saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi.

mizezi amisa isaa, rom wina mTavrobam erovnuli usafrTxoebis mizniT

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Seqmna garkveuli dabrkolebebi miwis privatizaciasTan dakavSirebiT.

sasazRvro zonaSi miwis privatizaciaze SezRudvebi adgilobrivma

mosaxleobam _ umetesad, eTnikurma azerbaijanelebma _ aRiqva rogorc

diskriminacia eTnikur niadagze. am SezRudvebma Seqmna miwis

ganawilebis bundovani, gaumWvirvale meqnizmebi ijarisa da qveijaris

saxiT, rac mSvenieri niadagi aRmoCnda korufciisa da politikurad

motivirebuli manipuliacisTvis.

vardebis revoluciis Semdeg mosulma axalma mTavrobam

garkveuli nabijebi gadadga situaciis gamosasworeblad. umTavresad,

es gulisxmobda miwis gadanawilebas Zveli saijaro xelSekrulebebis

gauqmebis safuZvelze, rac msxvili moijareebis mier xelSekrulebebis

pirobebis Seusruleblobis motiviT xdeboda. gamokvlevam aCvena, rom

adgilobrivi mosaxleoba skeptikurad uyurebs mTavrobis mcdelobebs

am mimarTulebiT; zog SemTxvevaSi am nabijebma axali konfliqtebi da

daZabulobebic ki gamoiwvia regionSi. vardebis revoluciis Semdeg

adgilobriv mosaxleoba ufro Tamamad da Riad saubrobs am sakiTxze

da aRniSnuli problemis eTnikuri mxaris win wamowevasac naklebad

erideba.

saqarTvelos saxelmwifos marTebs ufro naTeli strategia

SeimuSavos obieqturad rTuli da politikurad uaRresad faqizi

sakiTxis mimarT, rogoricaa miwis sakuTrebis sakiTxi umetesad

eTnikuri azerbaijanelebiT dasaxlebul sasazRvo regionSi. aseTi

strategia SeiZleba Seicavdes Semdeg nabijebs:

• am regionebSi xelovnuri dabrkolebebis moxsna miwis

privatizaciaze; miwis sakuTrebis reJimi unda gaxdes igive, rac

saqarTvelos danarCen regionebSia. es gaaqarwylebs eTnikur

niadagze diskriminaciis gancdas;

• adgilobriv dainteresebul pirebTan CaRrmavebuli dialogis

gamarTva miwis gadanawilebis konkretuli meqanizmebis

SesamuSaveblad; es xels SeuSlida axali konfliqtebisa da

daZabulobis warmoqmnas;

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• adgilobrivi mosaxleobis codnis gaRrmaveba miwis

mflobelobis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis da saxelmwifo

politikis zogadi mimarTulebebis Sesaxeb.

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