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Monitoring YOUR Classroom Canvas with The Formative 5 – You Can Do This! Francis (Skip) Fennell McDaniel College Beth Kobett Stevenson University Jon Wray Howard County (MD) Public Schools 2017 NCTM Annual Meeting and Exposition San Antonio, TX April 6, 2017 9:30 -10:30 AM

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MonitoringYOURClassroomCanvaswithTheFormative5– YouCanDoThis!

Francis(Skip)FennellMcDanielCollege

BethKobettStevensonUniversity

JonWrayHowardCounty(MD)

PublicSchools

2017NCTMAnnualMeetingandExpositionSanAntonio,TX

April6,2017• 9:30-10:30AM

www.mathspecialists.org

http://resources.corwin.com/Formative5

Whoareyou?• Whereareyoufrom?• Whatdoyoudo?–MathematicsSpecialist/InstructionalLeader?– Teachers?• Level?– PreK-2,3-5,6-8

• Other?(e.g.specialeducation,ESOL,etc.)– Administrators?• PrincipalorAssistantPrincipal?• Supervisor/CurriculumDirector?

– Other?

AssessmentLiteracy

• Whatisit?• Whyisitimportant?

• Assessmentofstudentlearningistheresponsibilityofeveryschooldistrict,everyschool,andeveryteacher.

• Reality– youdothiseveryday,prettymuchalldaylong!

• Formativeassessmentincludesallactivitiesthatprovideinformationtobeusedasfeedbacktomodifyandimpactplanning,teachingandlearning.

• Summativeassessmentsaretypicallyusedtoassessstudentlearningattheendofanexperience.Thiscouldbeaunitassessment,schooldistrictassessment,orthemorehigh-stakesandhigh-profileend-of-yearstateassessments.

Whataboutyou?

• Reflectback:didyoulearnthis?• Whataboutnow?Howconfidentare

youwithregardtoassessment– allaspects?

• Personal“confession”

Whataboutyou?

• Thinkaboutdiscuss/share– howdoesyourschoolorschooldistrictdefineFormativeAssessment?

• Thinkaboutdiscuss/share – HowdoYOU useformativeassessment?

Weactuallyknowalotaboutformativeassessment…

• Thetermformativeassessmenthasbeenwithusfor60+years(e.g.,Sueltzetal,1946;Weaver,1955)….

• Regularuseofclassroomformativeassessmentwouldraisestudentachievementby0.4to0.7ofastandarddeviation– enoughtoraisetheU.S.intothetopfivecountriesintheinternationalrankingsformathematics(Natriello,1987;Crooks,1998;BlackandWiliam,1998).

Andthere’smuchmorewecouldaddhere…

But…Evidencesuggeststhatactualday-to-dayuseofformativeassessmentisnotasprevalentinclassroomsasonemightexpect (Stiggins,2013).

“HeyBK…Inourassessmentclass,wedidformativeassessmenttoday…Andwegotoutearly…”

Thishasbeenfestering…

NCTMNewsBulletin, December2006

Theclassroomisyourcanvas…

IjustfiguredIcouldGoogleformativeassessmentandbuywhateverformativeassessmentIwanted/needed.MiddleSchoolTeacher

TrieditandFormativeAssessment got“about”3,430,000hits!!

AssessmentLiteracy

Whatwehavedone…• First,werecognized:– A needtoemphasizeandenhancetheuseofclassroom-basedformativeassessments– toguideteachingandlearning.

– Anoverloadofpublications,publishedassessmentsandservicespromisingthequickformativeassessmentfix.

– Afocuson“surface-level”formativeassessment“tricks”

• So,we:– Distilledseeminglyendlesssuggestionsandstrategiestoasmallpalletofformativeassessmenttechniques.

See:TCM – February2015

InterviewsShowMe

Observations

HingeQuestions

ExitTasks

“TheFormative5”

Howisobservation assessment?OfcourseIobservemystudents—all daylongeveryday!Ijustneverconsidered theassessment potentialofmyobservations!FirstGradeTeacher

Iactuallyknowmoreaboutmystudentsbecause Iamalwayswatchingthemworkandalsoseeinghowtheyinteract—withthemathematics theyarelearningandwitheachother.Forme,observation ismyeverydayformativeassessmentlifeline!FourthGradeTeacher

Observations

Observations

• Whatwouldyouexpecttoobserve(anticipation)?

• Howwouldyouknowitifyousawit?

• Whatmisconceptionsmightyouobserve?

• Howmightyourecordandprovidefeedbackofwhatyouobserved?

Page35

ForsomereasonIthoughtthatyouonlyinterviewedthosestudentswhowerehavingproblemsinmathclass.NowIregularlyinterviewmyalgebrastudentsbecauseIwanttoassesshowtheyaretransitioningtousingequationsandinequalitiesinamoreformalway.EighthGradeTeacher

Interviews

Interviews

• Longhistoryofuseinmathematicsandspecialeducation(Weaver,1955;Ginsburg,1997;Fennell,1972,1998).

• Extendstheobservation.• Takessometime– focused;1-on-1orsmallgroup• Allowsyoutodigdeeper• Notdeficit-based• Providesaglimpseofwhatachildisthinking

Interviews

• Whatwouldmakeyoudecidetowork1:1withastudentorsmallgroup?

• Whatquestionsmightyouask?Howmightthequestionsbedifferent?

• Whatwillyouanticipate fromstudents?(ConsiderunderstandingsANDpossiblemisconceptions.)

• Whatfollow-upquestionsmightyouask?

Okay… nowwhat?

FrameworkofanInterview

• Problem,task,exercise(askstudenttotalkthroughthefollowing)

• Howdidyousolvethat?• Whydidyousolveitthatway?• Whatelsecanyoutellmeaboutwhatyoudid?

Page56

ShowMe

• Aperformance-basedresponsetowhatateacherobserves.

• Combineselementsoftheobservationandinterview.

• Astop-and-dropactivitywhereastudent,smallgroupofstudentsorperhapstheentireclassmightbeaskedtoshowhowsomethingworks,aproblemsolved,oraparticularrepresentationused.

“Canyoushowmehowyouwouldorder76,54,47,and89usingthenumberline?”

“Howdoyouknow3/4<7/8?Showme.”

“Showmeyourgraphforthatequation.”

ShowMe

“Thishasalotmoredepth thanEveryPupilResponse…”

ShowUs!

• Showme:Arepresentationofhowyouwouldcomparethefollowing:

3/40.650.095/1034%

• Usematerialsprovided

Nowwhat???

goformative.com

Quickcode: FRAX273

TechnologyTools

ShowMe- WhataboutYou?

• ArethereparticularlessonsthatyouthinkwouldprovideopportunityformoreShowMe’sthanotherlessons?Which?Whydoyouthinkso?

• Thinkthroughalessontopic(ANYlevel).Thinkaboutplanningthislesson– whatmightyouobserve?Whatwouldyouhaveyourstudentsshowyou?

• ”IseriouslythinkthatoneofthelastthingsIgot“good”atasateacherwasquestioning.”

- 6th &7th gradeteacher

• “IttookmeawhiletorealizethatsometimesIneededtochange– whileIwasactuallyteaching– thequestionsthatIhadplannedtoask.”

- 4th gradeteacher

• “ThebetterIfeelaboutmyplanning,theeasieritistoframequestionsandthenconsiderresponsestohelpmeplanforthenextday.”

- 2nd gradeteacher

Questioning&ClassroomDiscourse

Posingeffectivequestions isjustoneaspectofalargerconstruct– classroomdiscourse.Classroomdiscourseinvolvesvariousteachingactions,including:• Askingchallengingquestions• Listeningtostudentresponsestogaugetheirlearning• Encouragingstudentstolistenandrespondtotheirpeers

• Requiringstudentstoexplaintheirthinking• Encouragingstudentstousemultiplerepresentations• Allowingstudentstoengageinproductivestruggle

(NCTM,2006;SmithandStein,2011)

Thehingequestionprovidesacheckforunderstandingorproficiencyataparticularhingepointinalesson.Thesuccessofthelessonhingesonresponsestosuchquestionsasanindicationofwhetherstudentsunderstandenoughtomoveon(Fennell,Kobett,&Wray,p.84).

Thinkofyourteachersandtheiruseofquestioning…

Whatcomestomind?Canyoupictureacolleaguewhoisadeptatquestioning?

Canyouthinkofacolleaguewhostruggleswithquestioning?

Ourtake…Studentsneedtotalkaboutthemathematicstheyarelearning…questioningengagesandsupports

thatprocess

Noquestionsasked…howcanthisbe?

TheHinge– FocusandIssues

• HingePointorHinge?

• Diagnosticfocus– expandstheinterview…

• Multiplechoiceornot?– Studentresponsecards

• 2minuterule…

Brycehas17stampsfromtheUnitedStatesandCanadahowmany

arefromtheUnitedStates?

HowMightHingeQuestionsInformplanningandrelatedinstructionaldecisionsand change ateacher’sperspectiveaboutWHO needs

additionalsupport?

DO thesamestudentsalwaysneedadditionalsupport?

Anexample…

EvaluationofOneWeek’sHingeQuestions(ObservationTool:StudentSeatingChart)

Whichofthefractionsbelowislessthan!"?

Howdoyouknow?

A#$

B%&

C""

D!#

HingeQuestion Responses StudentResponsesStudents whocorrectlyidentified:

%&, #$, !#< !

"

Withoutusingfractionbars

n =20students

Students whocorrectlyidentified:

12,58,35<34

Used fractionbarstoidentify

n=6students

Studentswhoidentified only:

%&< !

"

n =3students

Page95

TechnologyTools• GoogleForms- https://www.google.com/forms/about/• Kahoot - https://getkahoot.com• Padlet - https://padlet.com/my/dashboard• Plickers - https://www.plickers.com• Today’sMeet- https://todaysmeet.com• Formative- https://goformative.com

Other• EveryPupilResponse(EPR)

WhataboutYou?HingeQuestionConsiderations

1. Howwillyouusehingequestionsasyouteach?

2. Ifyouthinkofthehingequestionasawholeclassinterview,howwillyouusetheresponses?

3. Howwillyouconsiderstudentresponsestoahingequestion?

4. Whenyoupreparetoaskahingequestion,whatmightyouanticipate?

AnExitTask

Isacapstoneproblemortaskthatcapturesthemajorfocusofthelessonforthatdayorperhapsthepastseveraldays(Fennell,Kobett,&Wray,2017).

DifferentthananExitTicket…

OriginalTask

Alanehasthefollowingnumbercards:4,9,and12.• Makeasetforeachnumber.

• Whichsethasthemost?Least?

RevisedTaskAlanehasthefollowingnumbercards:4,9,and12.• Showeachnumberwithcubesora

drawing.

• Withcubesoradrawing,makeanewgroupthatisbetween 9and12.

• IfAlaneadded2toeachgroup,whatarethenewnumbers?

• Wouldadding2toeachnumberchangetheorderonthenumberline?

Usethedigits1-9tocreate3equivalentratios.Note:eachdigit

canonlybeusedonce.

___:___=______:___=______:______

http://www.openmiddle.com/finding-equivalent-ratios/ GrahamFletcher,2015

TechnologyToolsCueThink– http://cuethink.com

WhataboutYou?ExitTasks

• Finalactivity– wholeclassShowMeActivity

• Time forallstudentstocompletetheactivityshouldbeprovided(andforyoutoreviewresponses)

InterviewsShowMe

Observations

HingeQuestions

ExitTasks

“TheFormative5”

Whatweknow…*

• EverydayuseoftheFormative5works!

• Teachersneedtimetothinkaboutandseriouslyconnectplanning,teaching,andassessing.

• Supportismorethanhelpful,it’snecessary!

*2-3yearsofpiloting anddatacollection

Howcanwemakesurethat:

• Teachersplanlessons(veryseriouslystated);

• Classroombasedformativeassessmentispartofthatplan;

• Hingequestionsandexittasksarepreparedaspartofthelesson;

• ResponsestotheFormative5impactthenextday’splanningandinstruction?

Formativeassessmentis:

• Studentsandteachers,• Usingevidenceoflearning,• Toadaptteachingandlearning,• Tomeetimmediatelearningneeds,• Minute-to-minuteandday-by-day.

ThompsonandWilliam, 2007

Lovethis…

Forslides(gotoprojectresources):http://mathspecialists.org

Thankyou!