Slide 1

Murder is murder and somebody must answer Private John G. Burnett Forced Removal Slide 2 1802 Thomas Jefferson promised to Delaware and others to respect all treaties but, 1802 Thomas Jefferson promised to Delaware and others to respect all treaties but, Also planning to move them Also planning to move them 2 ways 2 ways Trade Trade Might Might Slide 3 Trade Trade Bring civilization to savages Bring civilization to savages we shall push our trading houses, and be glad to see the good and influential individuals run into debt we shall push our trading houses, and be glad to see the good and influential individuals run into debt because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay, they become willing to lop them off by cession of land because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay, they become willing to lop them off by cession of land Slide 4 Might Might No regulation on frontier No regulation on frontier Leads to warfare Leads to warfare Army steps in to make peace, dictate peace terms and Army steps in to make peace, dictate peace terms and You guessed it! land cession part of peace You guessed it! land cession part of peace 200,000 square miles in nine states during presidency 200,000 square miles in nine states during presidency Slide 5 Next big push in 1830 with the Next big push in 1830 with the Indian removal Act Indian removal Act Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive republic studied with cities, towns, and prosperous farms embellished with all the improvements that art can devise or industry execute by more than 12 million happy people and filled with the blessings of civilization, liberty and religion What good man would prefer a country covered with forests and ranged by a few thousand savages to our extensive republic studied with cities, towns, and prosperous farms embellished with all the improvements that art can devise or industry execute by more than 12 million happy people and filled with the blessings of civilization, liberty and religion State of the Union 1830 Slide 6 Slide 7 Slide 8 Slide 9 Jackson new this but needed the Cherokee and others to be Savage in order to disposes them Jackson new this but needed the Cherokee and others to be Savage in order to disposes them Jefferson Jefferson Culturally inferior but capable of improvement Jackson Jackson Racially inferior and incapable of change Slide 10 Cherokee most well known movement Cherokee most well known movement trail of tears trail of tears But many others also forced to move west But many others also forced to move west Slide 11 Video Clip Slide 12 Two factors arise from removal that will affect Native Americans post 1840 Two factors arise from removal that will affect Native Americans post 1840 1. White conceptions and action cause friction within and abuse of Native American communities 1. White conceptions and action cause friction within and abuse of Native American communities 2. Explanation of importance of court cases 2. Explanation of importance of court cases A. Cherokee Nation V Georgia B. Worcester V Georgia Slide 13 QUESTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION QUESTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION 1. What do the following Marshall and Ross documents reveal about the status of Indian nations in the United States? Identify key passages and consider their bearing on the standing and sovereignty of Indian tribes. 1. What do the following Marshall and Ross documents reveal about the status of Indian nations in the United States? Identify key passages and consider their bearing on the standing and sovereignty of Indian tribes. 2. How does John Marshall define the place of Indian tribes in the federal constitutional system? Which of his statements about Indian rights and sovereignty seem to be most importantand most relevant to the political aspirations of Indian peoples today? 2. How does John Marshall define the place of Indian tribes in the federal constitutional system? Which of his statements about Indian rights and sovereignty seem to be most importantand most relevant to the political aspirations of Indian peoples today? 3. What does John Ross identify as the "strong shield" of Cherokee rights, and what does he see as the threat to those rights? 3. What does John Ross identify as the "strong shield" of Cherokee rights, and what does he see as the threat to those rights? Slide 14 Cherokee Nation V. Georgia John Marshall John Marshall Supreme Court lacked original jurisdiction over Native Americans Supreme Court lacked original jurisdiction over Native Americans Domestic, dependent nations Domestic, dependent nations Retain some aspect of sovereignty from treaties Marshalls opinion was a feeble gesture compared with Georgias dramatic assertion of state power when it hung Corn Tassel Marshalls opinion was a feeble gesture compared with Georgias dramatic assertion of state power when it hung Corn Tassel Legal Scholar Sidney Harring Slide 15 Worcester V Georgia Established the legal doctrine in American Law of American law of United States Native American Relations Established the legal doctrine in American Law of American law of United States Native American Relations Marshall Marshall Cherokee Nation a distinct community occupying its own territory...in which the law of Georgia can have no right to enter without the consent of the Cherokee Cherokee Nation a distinct community occupying its own territory...in which the law of Georgia can have no right to enter without the consent of the Cherokee Federal Native American relationship stronger than State Native American relation ship Federal Native American relationship stronger than State Native American relation ship Slide 16 19 th C focus on Domestic and Dependent 19 th C focus on Domestic and Dependent 20 th C focus on Nation 20 th C focus on Nation Tribes are sovereign nations with broad inherent powers that, almost without exception, exist by dint of inherent right not by delegation Tribes are sovereign nations with broad inherent powers that, almost without exception, exist by dint of inherent right not by delegation one cannot really understand the field (Indian law) without understanding Worcester one cannot really understand the field (Indian law) without understanding Worcester Charles F. Wilkinson