Prospect of TV White Space Deployment in Africa

By

Nasir FarukDepartment of Telecommunication Science,

University of Ilorin, NigeriaHead of TV white space research, WaveTek Nig

LTD

Seminar presentation at Innovation Africa Digital Summit, Kairaba, The Gambia, 25 th-27th March 2014.

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Outline

Introduction Scarcity of radio spectrum Mechanisms to solve the scarcity problems What is TV white space (TVWS) ? Challenges Problems peculiar to Africa and the likes Why Unlicensed TVWS and Geo-location Database for Nigeria ? Benefits of Using TVWS Our Research Efforts so far ! Research efforts Bio-Data of Author References

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Introduction

Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast

 Monthly global mobile data traffic will surpass 15 exabytes by 2018.

The number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the world’s

population by 2014.

The average mobile connection speed will surpass 2 Mbps by 2016.

Due to increased usage on smartphones, smartphones will reach 66

percent of mobile data traffic by 2018.

Monthly mobile tablet traffic will surpass 2.5 exabyte per month by 2018.

Tablets will exceed 15 percent of global mobile data traffic by 2016.

4G traffic will be more than half of the total mobile traffic by 2018.

There will be more traffic offloaded from cellular networks (on to Wi-Fi)

than remain on cellular networks by 2018.

Scarcity of Radio Spectrum Radio spectrum is limited

30 Hz (ELF) to 300 GHz (EHF) Measurements conducted in so many countries

show the spectrum is under utilized So the questions are:

What is responsible for this scarcity? How do we meet with the demand for wireless data

service?

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Intro (cont…): Mechanisms to solve the scarcity problems

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o Market Mechanism: Spectrum Auction/Trading

o Joint design of primary and secondary waveforms: Not good for legacy primaries

o Opportunistic spectrum use by SUs: Temporal or spatial reuse

WRAN: Wireless regional Area NetworkSCC 41: Standardization Coordinating Committee 41

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Un-used portion of 54-862 MHz : TVWS f(Space, time )1. Temporal: off periods of TV transmitter2. Spatial

What is TV White space (TVWS)

Fig 1 : Temporal White space

Fig 2. Spatial TV white space

Grade B contour

Fig 3 TV white space [2]

x

x

x x

x

x

xxx

x

xx

x

x

x

xx

White spaces for CH 10

Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country's population

Fig 4. Source: International Telecommunications Union

AFRICA IS STILL LAGGING BEHIND

Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a percentage of a country's population

Fig 5. Source: International Telecommunications Union.

Other problems peculiar to Africa and the likes

Over 60% of Africa populace resides in the rural communities

These communities are characterized by poor infrastructure, low income, adversely scattered buildings, low literacy level and etc

Recurrent cost for bandwidth very high in African region Broadband penetration: USA >75%, Nigeria <10 %

Digital dividend: Global and National: The gap is widening on daily basis in developing countries

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Some benefits of providing telecommunication access using TVWS solution particularly in the

rural Africa

It is expected to contribute to many social and economic development

Local businesses will experience lower communication costs Improved access to information about markets and commodity prices Potential for growth in entrepreneurship and tourism Establishment of new services such as Internet cafes will be

maximised Rural communities will gain easier access to information on health,

agriculture, security, distance education services, disaster warning, access to job information, and closer contact with distant family members.

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Techno-Economic Benefits of using White Spaces

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Secondary Spectrum Markets and Revenue GenerationRural and urban Broadband Deployment The highly favorable propagation characteristics of the TV broadcast spectrum (as compared to unlicensed 2.4 or 5 GHz bands) allow for wireless broadband deployment with greater range of operation Public Safety Communications Public agencies can have access better spectrum in the TV band; this would improve the capacity and quality of their networks, as well as facilitate their expanded use for e-government and consumer services. Education and Enterprise Video Conferencing The TV white spaces could be used to give local high schools and middle-schools the same multimedia capabilities available to major university campuses:Personal Consumer Applications White space could be used to provide new services and applications to consumers by taking advantage of the improved signal reliability, capacity, and range of the TV broadcast spectrum. Mesh and Ad-Hoc Networks The TV white spaces could be used to enhance mesh networking. Self-configuring, ad-hoc mesh wireless networks avoid disruption or failure by re-routing around node failures or congestion areas, thereby enabling more robust and reliable communications.  Security ApplicationsThe favorable propagation and bandwidth characteristics of the TV broadcast spectrum could enable enhanced video security applications for commercial, residential, and government purposes.

 

Challenges

Regulatory difficulties: The critical issue is the development of spectrum access rule that would allow the spectrum efficiently utilized without causing interference to primary users (TV broadcast system)

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Why Unlicensed TVWS and Geo-location Database for Africa ? World Summit on Information Society (WSIS):- By

2015: All persons, schools, health centres, governments, institutions and

businesses should be connected in a global digital network

National ICT Target Indices: By 2015, The number of internet users should 70 million Mobile penetration 80% Internet penetration 34% and Broadband penetration 12% .

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Deployment Scenarios in TVWS

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Fig 6. Spatial reuse of spectrum between PU and SU Fig 7. Coverage of rural area using CR technologies

CH 21

CH 41

CH 61

CH 21

CH 21

CH 41

CH 41

CH 41

UMTS and LTE extension over TVWS WiFi-2 in TVWS WiMAX in TVWS Public safety and disaster relief networks PMSE

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Potential Application Scenarios

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemLTE: Long Term EvolutionWiFi: Wireless FidelityWiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability Microwave AccessPMSE: Programmable Making and Special Events

The TVWS drivers in Nigeria Government Academia WaveTek Nig Ltd : The main company

responsible for the deployment and research in TVWS

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Who are WaveTek? WaveTek is one of 16 founding members of the

“Dynamic Spectrum Alliance”, which includes Microsoft and Google.

The Dynamic Spectrum Alliance will promote regulatory policies that will pave the way for innovative new wireless technologies that address growing wireless data and digital divide challenges.

WaveTek Nigeria, partners; BridgeWave Communications and Carlson Wireless

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Efforts so far!

Research efforts to unveil this resource Deployment prototype in South Africa and

Kenya Preliminary surveys conducted in University

of Ilorin, Ilorin, and Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, Kano state, Nigeria by WaveTek for the deployment of TVWS solution

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Other efforts

We have to assess the efficacy of 12 empirical models in predicting TV signal

We have developed a model that gives better prediction of TV signal in our region

We have also developed TV spectrum sharing model that allows simultaneous transmission of primary and secondary users

We have also developed a prototype of spatial interpolation of available TV channels in Nigeria

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Spatial Interpolation of Available TV channels in Nigeria

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Fig 8.

Acknowledgements

• WaveTek Nig Ltd for travel grants and research supports

• Extensia ltd for giving us the opportunity to disseminates this information

• University of Ilorin for research grants and purchased of equipments used in this study

• Government of Gambia

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Authors Bio-data Is a lecturer in the department of Telecommunication Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. He received his B.sc (Hons) in Physics with first class honours from KUST Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria and M.sc in Mobile and High Speed Telecommunication Networks with distinction from Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK. He is rounding his PhD research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Where he researched on development of Model for maximizing spatial TV white space. He has over 19 published journal and conference papers. His current research interest includes design, analysis and optimization of Wireless communication networks, Wireless mesh and sensor networks, spectrum management, channel modeling, disaster and public safety networks and multiservice networks.

Mobile: +234 (8)0324 281 41, 805 454 9807

Email: faruk.n@unilorin.edu.ng, nasirfaruk@gmail.com, nasirfaruk@ieee.org

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