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NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN

THE OFFSHORE INDUSTRY

Lecture 05

28 March 2015

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1.Introduction in Nondestructive testing.

2.Discontinuities , origin and classification3.Visual testing.

4.Liquid penetrant inspection method.

5.Process control and interpretation of liquid penetrant inspection

6.Magnetic particle testing theory.

7.Magnetic particle inspection applications and interpretations8.Ultrasonic inspection method.

9.Ultrasonic inspection equipments and materials.

10.Ultrasonic inspections process control and safety.

11.Eddy current inspection method.12.Application on eddy current inspection

13.Acoustic emission testing.

14.Thermal infrared testing.

Topic

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Inspecting Welds with Liquid

Penetrants

Liquid penetrant inspection is one ofthe oldest, simplest, least expensive,and most reliable nondestructiveexamination methods.

For welds to perform as intended theyshould be free of flaws, or, if any flawsexist, they should be evaluated fortheir significance.

Liquid penetrant inspection is used todetect any surface-connecteddiscontinuities such as cracks fromfatigue, quenching, and grinding, aswell as fractures, porosity, incomplete

fusion, and flaws in joints.

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This test method covers procedures for penetrant

examination of butt and fillet weld with the

associated Heat Effected Zone (HAZ) on the parent

metal and components.

They are non-destructive testing methods for

detecting discontinuities that are open to the

surface such as cracks, porosity and lack of fusion

by liquid penetrant testing conducted in

accordance with the requirements of thereferenced Codes and Standards.

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Penetrant removal is a critical process step and is closelycontrolled.

Care must be taken not to use too much solvent, water, or

emulsifier that might dilute or disturb the penetrant in the flaw.

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For the solvent removal process, first use a dry, lint-free cloth or towel

to wipe the surface to remove the majority of the surface penetrant.

Smooth surfaces may not even require the use of any solvent.

Remove the remaining surface penetrant by spraying a towel with the

solvent and wiping the surface, repeating as necessary.

Solvent should never be sprayed directly on the surface to beins ected.

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SPOTCHECK

METHOD

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This is a method that can be employed for thedetection of surface-breaking defects in any industrialproduct made from a non-porous material.

This method is widely used for testing of non-magnetic materials. In this method, a liquid

penetrant is applied to the surface of the product fora certain predetermined time, after which the excesspenetrant is removed from the surface.

The surface is then dried and a developer is appliedto it. The penetrant which remains in the defect isabsorbed by the developer to indicate the presence

as well as the location, size and nature of the defect.

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The process is illustrated in the figure below.

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The advantages of liquid penetrant testing are:

a) Relatively low cost.b) High portability.

c) Highly sensitive to fine, tight cracks.

d) Fairly simple method.e) Can be used on a variety of materials.

f) All surface defects are detected in one operation,

regardless of orientation.

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The limitations of liquid penetrant testing are:

a) Test surface must be free of all contaminants (dirt,oil, grease, paint, rust, etc.).

b) Detects surface defects only.

c) Cannot be used on porous surfaces and is difficult

to use on very rough surfaces.

d) No permanent record.

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Examination Guide for

Initial Certification

Liquid Penetrant

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Question for evaluating grade

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Level

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Level 3

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Level 3

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Level 3

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END