new fratricide

8/2/2019 New Fratricide

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Mr. Nicola Calipari, 03/04/05

Italian Servizio per le Informazioni e la Siciurezza Militare

Lcpl Matty Hull3/28/03, D Squadron, Household Cav Reg

SPC Donald Samuel Oaks, Jr.

04/04/03, C Battery, 3d BN, 13th FA

Fratricide

Pvt Nolan Ryan Hutchings3/23/03, 1st BN 2d Marine Reg

Cpl Stephen John Albutt, 3/25/03Royal Fusiliers, Queens Royal Lancers

Lcpl Jose Antonio Gutierrez

3/21/03, 2d BN, 1st Marine Reg

Trooper David Jeffrey Clarke, 3/25/03Royal Fusiliers, Queens Royal Lancers

SSG Jason A. Fegler11/04/05, 1st BN, 502d Inf Reg, 101st ABN

Cpt Edward Jason Korn

04/03/03, 64th Armor, 3d Inf Div

Overcorporal 1st Class Preben Pedersen

Jutland Dragoon Reg

Cpl Jason David Mileo

04/14/03, 3d BN, 4th Marine Reg


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Fratricide

Victims of Fratricide


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Terminal Learning Objective

Action: Identify the elements an mitigation measures ofFratricide

Condition: Given a classroom envionment, laptopcomputer, DVD with presentations, Field manual (FM)5-19 Composite Risk Management, FM 7-1 BattleFocused Training, Army Regulation (AR) 385-10 ArmySafety Program Center Army Lessons Learned (CALL)

92-4 Fratricide: Reducing Self Inflicted losses, CALL92-3 Fratricide Risk Assessment and student handouts

Standard: Apply mitigation measures to reduce Fratricide

in accordance with Field Manual 5-19


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Administrative Data

Safety Consideration: None

Risk Assessment: Low

Environmental Considerations: None


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Agenda

Definition of Fratricide

Historical Perspectives

Contributing Factors

Causes

Effects

Risk Management and Reduction Measures


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References

AR 385-10

CALL 92-3

CALL 92-4

FM 5-19


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Definition

CALL 92-4 Chpt. 1

The employment of friendly weapons andmunitions with the intent to kill the enemy ordestroy his equipment or facilities, which results

in unforeseen and unintentional death or injuryto friendly personnelTRADOC FratricideAction Plan


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Historical Perspective

Most likely to occur in the early stages ofcombat, during reduced visibility or alongshared unit boundaries.

In previous 20th century conflicts supportingfires (air and artillery) accounted for 75% offratricide incidents.

Recent operations show risk may be dependanton the specific theater and enemy encountered.


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Statistical Data

CALL 92-4 Chapter 1

Fratricide assumed less than 2% of allcasualties prior to proper reporting anddefinition

Downplayed the severity of the situation

The first defined reporting system waspublished in 1985

The TRADOC definition was published in 1991


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Statistical Data

World War I 10% Wounded in Action

World War II

14% of Casualties

Korea

7% of Casualties

Vietnam

11-14% of Casualties Just Cause

5-13% of Casualties


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Statistical Data

CALL 92-4 Appendix D

Desert Storm

15% Wounded in Action

24% Killed in Action

77% of the US Armored vehicles damaged in battlewere due to Fratricides


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CIDE

Causes of Fratricide

CALL 92-4 CH. II

Primary Causes

Lack of Situational Awareness

Lack of Positive ID

Other (weapon errors)


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Student Checks

Question: What are the three primary causes of

fratricide?

Answer: Lack of Situational Awareness, NoPositive Identification, and Other.

Question: What is the definition of fratricide?Answer: The employment of friendly weaponsand munitions with the intent to kill the enemy ordestroy his equipment or facilities, which resultsin unforeseen and unintentional death or injury tofriendly personnel


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CIDE


CALL 92-4 CH. II

Lack of situational awareness:

Real-time accurate knowledge of one's ownlocation (and orientation)

Locations of friendly, enemy, neutral, andnoncombatants

Awareness of the METT-T conditions that affect

the operation.


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CALL 92-3 Section 1

Lack of situational awareness:

Inadequate Fire and Maneuver Control

Direct Fire Control Failure

Land Navigation Failures

Reporting, Crosstalk and Battle TrackingFailures

Known Battlefield Hazards


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CALL 92-3 Section 1

Lack of situational awareness

Inadequate Fire and Maneuver Control:

Fail to disseminate minimum maneuver and fire supportcontrol measures to coordinate activities on the ground

Fail to tie control measures to recognizable terrain andevents

Improper use or understanding of control measures


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CIDE


CALL 92-3 Section 1


Direct Fire Control Failure:

Defensive / Offensive fire control plans not developedor fail in execution

No designated target reference points, engagementareas, and priorities or failure to adhere to them


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CIDE


CALL 92-3, 92-4


Land Navigation Failures:

Complicated by difficult terrain, weather and visibility

Can cause units to stray out of sector, report wronglocations, become disoriented

Employment of weapons from wrong location


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CALL 92-3, 92-4


Reporting, Crosstalk and Battle Tracking Failures:

Leaders at all levels may fail to generate timely andaccurate reports or track subordinates as locations andtactical situation changes

Erroneous clearance of fire support and violations of

danger close fire


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CIDE


CALL 92-3, 92-4


Known Battlefield hazards:

Unexploded ordinance

Flying debris

Booby traps

Failure to mark, record, remove, or otherwise anticipatethese threats


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CIDE


CALL 92-3, 92-4

Lack of Positive ID

The immediate, accurate, and dependable ability to

discriminate through-sight between friends and foe.Other

Lapses in unit and individual discipline

violations of the Rules of Engagement

out-of-sector engagements, unauthorized discharges,mistakes with explosives and hand grenades, chargeerrors, incorrect gun data and similar incidents.


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CIDE


CALL 92-3, 92-4

There are many contributing factors to fratricide

Can be favorable or unfavorable

Primary Contributing factors may beidentified using METT-T:

Mission

Enemy

Terrain and weather

Troops and equipment

Time


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Mission

CALL 92-4 Chapter II

Mission

Contributing factors

High vehicle or weapons density

Commanders intent is unclear or complex

Poor coordination

Crosstalk lacking

No habitual relationships

Incomplete control measures

UAS reduction measures

Provide coordination between ground units

Identify other units in the area


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Enemy


Enemy


Weak intelligence

Intermingled with friendly

Intermingled with civilian populace

UAS Reduction measures

Identify targets and friendly units

Provide visual near real time intelligence


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Terrain


Terrain


Obscuration or poor visibility

Extreme engagement ranges

Navigational difficulties

Absence of recognizable features

UAS Reduction measures

Area and Zone reconnaissance

Target Identification

Route reconnaissance


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CIDE

Troops and Equipment

CALL 92-4

Troops and equipment


High Weapons Lethality

Unseasoned Leaders and Troops

Poor fire control SOPs

Incomplete ROE

Anxiety and confusion

Failure to adhere to SOPs

UAS reduction measures Near real time video to commanders

Positive identification

Conducting in-direct fire support


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Time

CALL 92-4

Time considerations


Soldier and leader fatigue

Inadequate rehearsals

Short planning time

UAS reduction measures

Can change crews with AV continuing mission

Near real time video


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Effects of Fratricide

CALL 92-3

Hesitation to conduct limited visibility operations

Loss of confidence in the unit's leadership

Increase of leader self-doubt

Hesitation to use supporting combat systems Over-supervision of units

Loss of initiative

Loss of aggressiveness during fire and maneuver

Disrupted operations Needless loss of combat power

General degradation of cohesion and morale


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Student Checks

Question: Name 7 of the 10 effects of fratricide?

Answer:

Hesitation to conduct limited visibility operationsLoss of confidence in the units leadership Hesitation to use supporting combat systems Increase of leader self doubt Over-supervision of units Loss of initiative Loss of aggressiveness during fire and maneuver Disrupted operations Needless loss of combat power

General degradation of cohesion and morale


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Control Measures

CALL 92-4

Tactical Plan

Training

Technical Solutions

Risk Management Process


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CIDE

Tactical Plan

CALL 92-4

Direct fire weapons control measures Rules of Engagement (ROE)

Clearance of indirect fires

Establish and practice routine positive controls Establish simplified procedures for external clearance of fires

Incorporate fire support members in liaison teams for detailedflank coordination at each level

Establish procedures for manning rear CP FSEs and positive

control in rear areas Anticipate special controls needed for mixed voice-digital

environments


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Tactical Plan

CALL 92-4

Reconnaissance Priorities

Identifying hazards and confirming fire controlmeasures

feasibility of the routes, navigation and maneuverplan

Rehearsals

understanding the concept of operation, verifyingspecific responsibilities, timing, and backupprocedures to help synchronize unit operations


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Training

CALL 92-4

Combat Vehicle Identification (CVI) Training

Battle Rostering

Crew Drill or Battle drill

Fratricide Training


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Technical Solutions

CALL 92-4

UAS

mIRC

Blue force tracker

Imaging devices (FLIR)

BUDD Lights and DARPA Lights


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CALL 92-3

The Fratricide Risk Assessment Matrix allowsyou as a leader to address fratricide using thefollowing steps:

Identify the fratricide risks using the matrix during your analysisof METT-T factors

Using each sub-matrix, assess possible fratricide loss andprobability

Make decisions and develop ways and means to reduce risks

Implement measures by integrating them into plans, orders,SOPS, training performance standards and rehearsals

Supervise and enforce safety measures and standards


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Fraticide Risk Matrix


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Fraticide Risk Matrix

How to fill out the Fratricide Risk Matrix usingthe following scenario:

A UAS has observed an insurgent mortar teamfiring rounds into a FOB (Forward OperatingBase) and has called a fire mission.


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 1: Fire and Maneuver Control

There is a large friendly ground force converging on thearea with multiple enemy targets in the area.


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Risk Assessment Process

CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 2

The friendly ground forces are moderately trained and theentire force has trained for the mission


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 3

An extensive recon of the area has been conducted andthe sky condition limited by blowing dust


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 4

Positive communication between the ground forces andair forces has been established and maintained

Ri k A P


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 5

The ground forces have a partial knowledge of existinghazards in the area and UXO from the enemy andincoming rounds could constitute a major hazard

Ri k A P


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 6

Friendly recognition is limited by the blowing dust;however, engagement ranges are very good

Ri k A P


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 7

ROE are complete and leadership is attached tothe ground and air components

Ri k A P


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 8

Forces have just come off of R&R and are relativelyexperienced

Ri k A t P


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CALL 92-3

Sub-matrix 9

Total all of the Sub-matrix = 25 and makes this operation

a CAUTION range for fratricide.

E d R lt


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End Result

S


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Summary

Definition of Fratricide

Historical Perspectives


Causes

Effects

Risk Management and Reduction Measures


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Questions?

new fratricide

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