B Y T

TRNG I HC DC H NI

NG TH VN ANH

NGHIN CU TC DNG TNG

CNG CHC NNG SINH DC CA

VIN NANG MM AMA CNG TRN

CHUT THC NGHIM

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

H NI 2013

B Y T

TRNG I HC DC H NI

NG TH VN ANH

NGHIN CU TC DNG TNG

CNG CHC NNG SINH DC CA

VIN NANG MM AMA CNG TRN

CHUT THC NGHIM

KHA LUN TT NGHIP DC S

Ngi hng dn:

1. PGS.TS. o Th Vui

2. DS. Nguyn Bch Tng Trn

Ni thc hin:

B mn Dc lc

H NI 2013

i

LI CM N

Trong qu trnh thc hin kha lun ny ti lun nhn c s quan tm, gip , ng vin rt nhiu t thy c, gia nh v bn b. by t lng

bit n ca mnh:

Ti xin gi cm n chn thnh ti TS. Dng Th Ly Hng, ngi tn

tnh du dt v hng dn ti trong sut qu trnh nghin cu cng nh hon

thnh kha lun ny.

Vi tnh cm chn thnh, ti xin trn trng gi li cm n su sc ti PGS.

TS. o Th Vui, ngi quan tm, gip ti trong thi gian thc hin v

hon thnh kha lun ny.

Ti cng xin gi li cm n n DS. Nguyn Bch Tng Trn, gip

ti trong qu trnh nghin cu.

Ti xin cm n ti cc thy c gio, cc anh ch k thut vin b mn Dc

lc to mi iu kin thun li, gip ti thc hin kha lun.

Ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n ban gim hiu nh trng cng ton

th thy c gio trng i hc Dc H ni lun to iu kin tt nht

cho ti trong qu trnh hc tp sut 5 nm qua.

Cui cng ti xin gi li cm n n gia nh, ngi thn v bn b thn

yu lun quan tm ng h ng vin, khch l ti trong qu trnh hc tp

cng nh thc hin kha lun ny.

H ni, ngy 20 thng 05 nm 2013

Sinh vin

ng Th Vn Anh

ii

MC LC

LI CM N ......................................................................................... i

MC LC .............................................................................................. ii

DANH MC CC CH V K HIU VIT TT............................... iv

DANH MC CC BNG BIU ............................................................ v

DANH MC CC HNH V V TH ............................................ vi

T VN ........................................................................................ 1

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN ................................................................. 3

1.1. NGUN GC, VAI TR CA ADROGEN; HNH VI TNH DC

CHUT THC NGHIM V VI NT V RI LON CHC

NNG SINH DC NAM............................................................ 3

1.1.1. Ngun gc, vai tr ca androgen i vi hnh vi tnh dc. 3

1.1.1.1 Ngun gc ................................................................... 3

1.1.1.2 Vai tr ca androgen i vi hnh vi tnh dc ............. 4

1.1.2. Vi nt v ri lon chc nng sinh dc nam ....................... 6

1.1.3. Hnh vi tnh dc chut thc nghim ............................... 7

1.2. TNG QUAN V BI THUC AMA CNG .......................... 10

1.2.1. Lch s bi thuc ............................................................... 10

1.2.2. c im thc vt ............................................................. 11

1.2.3. Phn b v thu hi ............................................................. 12

1.2.4. Thnh phn ha hc .......................................................... 13

1.2.5. Tc dng dc l v cng dng......................................... 13

1.2.5.1 Cng dng dn gian..................................................... 13

1.2.5.2 Tc dng v c tnh ................................................... 13

iii

CHNG 2: NGUYN LIU, I TNG V PHNG PHP

NGHIN CU ............................................................. 17

2.1. NGUYN LIU V I TNG NGHIN CU ................. 17

2.1.1. Nguyn liu....................................................................... 17

2.1.2. i tng .......................................................................... 18

2.1.3. Thuc v ha cht ............................................................. 18

2.2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ............................................ 19

2.3. X L KT QU ................................................................... 24

CHNG 3: KT QU ....................................................................... 25

3.1. TC DNG TRN CHC NNG SINH DC THNG QUA

HNH VI GIAO CU .............................................................. 25

3.1.1. Kt qu hon thnh test hnh vi giao cu........................... 25

3.1.2. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln hnh vi giao cu ca chut ..... 26

3.2. TC DNG CA THUC LN NNG TESTOSTERON

MU ........................................................................................ 30

CHNG 4: BN LUN..................................................................... 31

4.1. V bi thuc Ama Cng .............................................................. 31

4.2. V m hnh nghin cu ............................................................... 32

4.3. V kt qu nghin cu................................................................. 33

4.4. V liu Ama Cng ...................................................................... 35

KT LUN............................................................................................ 37

KIN NGH........................................................................................... 38

TI LIU THAM KHO..................................................................... I

iv

DANH MC CC CH V K HIU VIT TT

DHT : Dihydrotestosteron

EL : Ejaculation latency (thi gian t n xut tinh)

FSH : Follicle Stimulating Hormon

GnRH : Gonadotropin- Releasing Hormon

IF : Intromission Frequency (s ln thm nhp m o)

III : Inter Intromision Interval

(thi gian gia cc ln thm nhp)

IL : Intromission Latency

(thi gian t n thm nhp m o)

LH : Luteinising Hormon

MF : Mounting Frequency (s ln tip cn)

ML : Mounting latency (thi gian t n tip cn)

PEI : Post Ejaculation Interval (thi gian sau xut tinh)

UT : Ung thuc

vi

DANH MC CC BNG BIU

Ni dung bng Trang

Bng 3.1. Kh nng hon thnh test hnh vi giao cu ca chut

theo cc t ghp cp

25

Bng 3.2. S chut hon thnh cc test hnh vi giao cu 26

Bng 3.3. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s ML v IL 27

Bng 3.4. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s IF v EL 28

Bng 3.5. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s PEI v III 29

Biu 3.6. S thay i ca testosteron mu di tc dng ca

Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25mg/kg trong nghin cu

hnh vi giao cu chut cng c

30

vii

DANH MC CC HNH V V TH

Ni dung hnh Trang

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc phn t testosteron 3

Hnh 1.2. S qu trnh hnh thnh testosteron trong c th 4

Hnh 1.3. Cc giai on ca hnh vi giao cu ca chut c dn

n s thm nhp vo m o chut ci (intromission) 8

Hnh 1.4. Cc giai on ca hnh vi giao cu ca chut c dn

n s xut tinh sau vi ln thm nhp vo m o chut ci 9

Hnh 1.5. Cc nguyn liu v dc liu trong bi thuc Ama Cng

12

Hnh 2.1. Vin nang mm Ama Cng 17

Hnh 2.2. Din bin hnh vi tnh dc ca chut c 21

Hnh 2.3. S nghin cu hnh vi tnh dc chut cng trng 22

1

T VN

X hi cng pht trin, cht lng cuc sng ngy cng c ci thin th

con ngi c xu hng quan tm nhiu hn v cht lng i sng tnh dc,

khng ch dng li mc ch duy tr ni ging m cn ng vai tr quan

trng trong i sng tinh thn ca cc cp v chng. Tuy nhin, nam gii s

gim r nng testosteron theo tui l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn dn

n cc bnh l ri lon tnh dc. Vic gim testosteron theo tui khng

nhng gy suy gim hnh vi tnh dc m cn dn n mt loat cc nguy c

km theo nh gim mt xng v long xng, gim khi lng c v sc

mnh ca c, bo ph v cc ri lon chuyn ha, tai bin tim mch, thay i

nhn thc, cm xc[1], [21], [22], [23].

Suy sinh dc nam khng ch nh hng n vn tnh dc m cn tc

ng tiu cc n tinh thn, nh hng n cht lng cuc sng v hnh

phc gia nh. V vy, ngy cng c nhiu nghin cu i su vo cc ch

phm c tc dng ci thin kh nng tnh dc nam gii.

iu tr suy sinh dc hin nay, ngoi cc testosteron c ngun gc sinh

hc hoc tng hp, nhiu nh khoa hc cn hng ti testosteron c ngun

gc thc vt. Theo y hc c truyn, cc v thuc c ng dng iu tr

cc bnh l suy sinh dc nam nh nhn sm, c nga, nhc thung dung,

trng, tc on[2]. Gn y, bi thuc gia truyn ca c Ama Cng, gi

lng - dng s sn voi s 1 Ty Nguyn vi cc cng dng dn gian l c hiu

qu trong vic bi b c th, b thn trng dng, tng cng sinh lc cng

ang c cc nh khoa hc quan tm.

2

Vi mong mun k tha v pht huy bi thuc c gi tr , cc nghin

cu v thnh phn ha hc, tc dng dc l v bo ch ch phm vin nang

mm Ama Cng v ang c tin hnh.

ng dng khoa hc dc l vo vic gp phn nghin cu su hn v

tnh hng sinh dc ca bi thuc Ama Cng v lm tin cho nhng ng

dng trn lm sng, chng ti tin hnh ti Nghin cu tc dng tng

cng chc nng sinh dc ca vin nang mm Ama Cng trn chut thc

nghim vi 2 mc tiu sau y:

1. nh gi tc dng ca bi thuc Ama Cng trn hnh vi tnh dc ca chut thc nghim.

2. nh gi tc dng ca bi thuc Ama Cng trn nng testosteron mu chut thc nghim.

3

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN

1.1. Ngun gc, vai tr ca androgen; hnh vi tnh dc chut thc

nghim v vi nt v ri lon chc nng sinh dc nam

1.1 .1. Ngun gc, vai tr ca androgen i vi hnh vi tnh dc

1.1.1.1. Ngun gc

Adrogen l nhng hormone steroid, c tc dng kch thch hoc kim sot

s pht trin v duy tr cc c tnh nam th pht ca ng vt c xng sng.

Adrogen chnh v c bit n nhiu nht l testosteron.

Hnh 1.1. Cu trc phn t testosteron

Trong c th, testosteron c bi tit ch yu t t bo Leydig ca tinh

hon (95%). Ngoi ra, mt phn nh testosteron cn c bi tit nhng ni

ngoi tinh hon nh v thng thn (4%), bung trng, nhau thai n,

testosteron c tng hp, bi tit t hong th v v thng thn.

Di tc ng ca v no, vng di i sn xut ra hormone GnRH.

Hormone ny kch thch thy trc tuyn yn sn xut ra LH v FSH. C hai

loi hormone ny c vo mu ri i n tinh hon v pht huy tc dng.

4

Ti tinh hon, LH tc ng n cc t bo Leydig, kch thch t bo ny sn

xut testosteron. Cng vi testosteron, FSH kch thch t bo Sertoli sn xut

ra tinh trng. T bo Sertoli l nhng t bo nm bn trong cc ng sinh tinh

ca tinh hon. Sau khi c sn xut, testosteron c a vo mu v theo

vng tun hon n tt c cc m v c quan trong c th pht huy tc

dng, cn tinh trng s c a n d tr v trng thnh mo tinh hon

v c y ra ngoi khi phng tinh [8].

Hnh 1.2. S qu trnh hnh thnh testosteron trong c th

1.1.1.2. Vai tr ca androgen i vi hnh vi tnh dc

Vng di i

GnRH

Tuyn yn

LH FSH

T bo Leydig / tinh hon

Testosteron

T bo Sertoli / ng sinh tinh ca tinh hon

Tinh trng

5

i vi con ngi, hot ng tnh dc l khng th thiu trong cuc sng.

Mc ch ca hot ng tnh dc khng n gin ch l sinh sn, duy tr ni

ging m n cn c gi tr trong vic em li s cn bng v th cht, tinh

thn v hnh phc cho con ngi. Nghin cu v hnh vi tnh dc trc ht

c quan tm bi cc nh tm - sinh l hc, tm hiu v phn tch c ch

sinh l phc tp ca cc yu t thn kinh - ni tit tham gia iu khin hnh

vi. Phn tch tng hnh vi v cc yu t nh hng n hnh vi cng l mi

quan tm ca cc nh khoa hc hnh vi. Bi hnh vi tnh dc rt khc nhau

gia cc c th v cc loi ng vt, nn nghin cu hnh vi tnh dc cn hp

dn c cc nh di truyn hc. Trong lnh vc dc l, nghin cu nh hng

ca thuc ln hnh vi tnh dc ng vt thc nghim cn cho php nh gi

tc dng hng sinh dc ca thuc [17], [18], [21], [32].

Hnh vi tnh dc ca hu ht cc loi ng vt c c xng sng u ph

thuc vo testosteron, mt hormon c bi tit t t bo Leydig ca tinh

hon v c chuyn ha ti t bo ch thnh estrogen (E2) nh enzym

aromatase hoc dihydrotestosteron (DHT) nh enzym 5-reductase. Sau khi

thin vi ngy, kh nng giao cu ca chut gim dn v duy tr trong vi

tun. B sung testosteron trong t 5 n 10 ngy l cn thit hi phc kh

nng giao cu ca chut [25].

Nhiu nghin cu trn nam gii cho thy vic dng b sung testosteron ngoi

sinh cho nhng ngi b suy sinh dc hoc b thin u gy ra s gim nhanh,

gim r hng th v hot ng tnh dc, m nhng iu ny c hi phc tr

li sau vi tun dng liu php hormon thay th. Mt nghin cu trn nhng

ngi suy sinh dc tin pht v th pht ch ra rng vic iu tr lu di

bng testosteron t ra c hiu qu hn trong vic lm tng hot ng tnh

dc, tng cm hng tnh dc v tng suy ngh v tnh dc nhng ngi suy

6

sinh dc th pht. tr nam ang ln, nng testosteron t do t l thun

vi s ln ngh v hot ng tnh dc v vic o nng testosteron trong

nc bt hng thng c th d on c s khi u v tc hot ng

tnh dc. nam gii ln tui, c s khc nhau rt ln v nng testosteron

mu gia cc c th m s khc nhau ny dng nh khng nh hng nhiu

ti s ham mun v hot ng tnh dc gia cc c th. Ngi ta cho rng

nng testosteron cn thit to ra ham mun v hot ng tnh dc nam

gii ln tui dng nh thp hn nng testosteron bnh thng trong tun

hon [19], [27], [32]. Nh vy, androgen ng vai tr trong vic hot ha,

thc hin hnh vi v cn thit duy tr cc phn x sinh dc ngoi giao cu.

1.1.2. Vi nt v ri lon chc nng sinh dc nam

Adrogen v chc nng tnh dc c mi quan h mt thit. Trong thi k

dy th, s pht trin v hot ng ca tinh hon, qu trnh sn sinh tinh trng,

cc tuyn ph thuc, cc c tnh sinh dc th pht nh h thng c xng,

ham mun tnh dc ph thuc rt nhiu vo tc ng ca androgen. Nhng

em b no t nh ct tinh hon, sau khi trng thnh c quan sinh dc ph

u khng th pht trin v khng th c kh nng sinh dc, nhng ngi

trng thnh pht trin hon ton, sau khi ct b tinh hon, nhu cu tnh

dc cng chu nh hng r rng. Hoc s suy gim nng testosteron theo

tui cng lm gim kh nng tnh dc theo thi gian. Ngoi ra, testosteron c

tc ng tm l quan trng. Ngi ta thy c mi lin quan mt thit gia

nng androgen vi hot ng tinh thn, trng thi tm thn v s t tin.

Gim androgen thng i km vi gim hng th v ng c trong cuc

sng, trm cm, gim ham mun v hot ng tnh dc.

7

iu ny cho thy cc thuc c tc dng androgen phn no c tc dng

duy tr chc nng v cu trc ca c quan sinh dc v tuyn ph thuc, cng

nh ci thin chc nng tnh dc nam gii.

Ri lon tnh dc nam gii c 5 biu hin khc nhau:

Ri lon cng: cn gi l bt lc, lit dng, ri lon cng dng, l

tnh trng dng vt cng khng t khi giao hp.

Ri lon xut tinh: thng gp nht l xut tinh sm.

Ri lon cc khoi: nam gii giao hp khng c khoi cm hay khi c

khoi cm li b au.

Ri lon ham mun: thng gp l tnh trng khng c ham mun tnh

dc.

Ri lon kch thch tnh dc.

Y hc c truyn thng dng t yu sinh l ch nhng ngi b ri

lon cng, xut tinh sm, mt ham mun tnh dc hay v sinh.

L mt bnh mang tnh x hi, tuy khng nguy cp n tnh mng, nhng

ri lon tnh dc dn nh hng n i sng tinh thn con ngi. Trong

phng hng chin lc v dn s ton cu hin nay. Ngi ta rt coi trng

s cn bng gia vic k hoch ha gia nh gim dn s vi vic chm

sc sc khe sinh sn cho cng ng.

1.1.3. Hnh vi tnh dc chut thc nghim

Hnh vi tnh dc l mt chui cc hot ng din ra mt cch c trt t khi c th c gp c th ci. y l mt hot ng va c tnh bn nng, va c tnh x hi, gip duy tr ni ging ca c mt loi sinh vt. C rt nhiu yu t nh hng n hnh vi tnh dc, trong phi k n cc yu t thn kinh, ni tit, x hi, mi trng, c th (gen) v cn c cu to bnh thng v gii phu [17], [18], [21].

8

Chut cng c thng bt u hot ng tnh dc bng cch khm ph

mt v vng quanh hu mn ca con ci. C 2 con u c th pht ra nhng

sng siu m 50kHz qua li kch thch ln nhau. Hnh vi tnh dc chut

cng c c c trng bi cc hot ng sau: [12], [20]

Mounting (tip cn)

Thng c thc hin vo thi im u ca lot giao cu. Khi chut

c tip cn chut ci t pha sau, tro ln lng chut ci v y nhanh, nng

khung chu v pha chut ci vi tn s 19-23 Hz trong 30ms, sau con c

ri khi con ci v lim c quan sinh dc [17], [20]. Trong qu trnh tip cn

ca con c, con ci thng c t th n lng. Nu khng, chng t con ci

cha c kinh nghim tnh dc, cn c thay th bng con ci khc. Nhng

con c tip cn vi con ci t th khng ng ( u, sn ) s khng

c tnh. Nh vy, du hiu nhn bit hnh vi ny l din ra sm v hot

ng y khung chu ca chut c v pha m o chut ci din ra nh,

nng, ngn.

Intromission (thm nhp vo trong m o)

Trong qu trnh tip cn, nu con c tm thy m o ca con ci, n s

bt ng y khung chu su hn v t dng vt vo m o trong vng

200-300ms. Sau , con c ngng y khung chu, rt nhanh khi con ci

v lun lun lim dng vt. Con c khng khi no tip cn tr li ngay sau

khi thm nhp [17], [20]. Nh vy, du hiu nhn bit hnh vi thm nhp

m o l hot ng y khung chu ca chut c v pha m o ca chut

ci din ra mnh hn, su hn v ko di hn hnh vi tip cn.

Ejaculation (xut tinh).

9

Sau vi ln thm nhp vo m o con c s xut tinh. Xut tinh c

c trng bi s y khung chu su v di hn (750-2000ms) v ri khi con

ci chm hn. Sau khi thm nhp m o, con c vn cn trn lng con ci

trong vng 1-3s [17], [20], [25]. Xut tinh l kt qu ca s co bp nhp

nhng ca c ngi hang gc dng vt, c tht hu mn v vng bng sau.

Nh vy, hnh vi xut tinh c d dng nhn bit bi thi gian din ra chm

v ko di hn, sau khi xut tinh, con c vn trn lng con ci 1-3s mi

chu ri xung.

Khong cch sau xut tinh (post ejaculatory interval-PEI)

Sau khi xut tinh, con ci s dch chuyn khi con c, con c lim

dng vt v ngh t 4-10 pht trc khi bt u lot giao cu mi. Trong

khong 50-75% thi gian u ca PEI, con c thng khng th giao cu

c; trong 25% thi gian cui, con c c th phc hi kh nng giao cu

nu c thay con ci mi hay c kch thch au nh. Sau 7-8 ln xut tinh,

con c s t cm gic tha mn v khng giao cu li trong vng 1-3 ngy.

PEI trn 90 pht chng t chut kit sc v mt tnh dc v hnh vi tnh

dc s gim trong 2 tun. Do , s dng chut c thng xuyn, test

hnh vi tnh dc nn kt thc ngay sau khi c PEI u tin.

10

Hnh 1.3. Cc giai on ca hnh vi giao cu ca chut c dn n s

thm nhp vo m o chut ci (intromission): chut c (A) tin gn

chut ci; (B) tip cn chut ci t pha hng (nhy, leo, tro); (C) y nhanh,

nng khung chu v pha chut ci trc khi thm nhp vo m o chut ci;

(D) y mnh 1 hay c 2 chn sau v pha chut ci ngay sau khi thm nhp

m o; (E) rt khi chut ci sau ln thm nhp ngn; (F) lim vng sinh

dc. [12], [20]

11

Hnh 1.4. Cc giai on ca hnh vi giao cu ca chut c dn n s

xut tinh sau vi ln thm nhp vo m o chut ci: chut c (A) tin

gn chut ci; (B) tip cn chut ci t pha hng (nhy, leo, tro); (C) y

nhanh, nng khung chu v pha chut ci trc khi thm nhp vo m o

chut ci; (D) thm nhp vo m o v khng rt ngay khi chut ci m

gp mnh c bng v y chn nh; (E) ngh 1 thi gian ngn trn lng chut

ci; (F) ri khi con ci hay chm ri ng dy [12], [20].

1.2. Tng quan v bi thuc Ama Cng

1.2.1. Lch s bi thuc

Ama Cng c tn tht l Y Prng ban, sinh nm 1917, ngi dn tc

Mnng. S may mn a ng n vi bi thuc k l ny, v cng vi s

tm hiu nghin cu ca mnh, ng cho ra i bi thuc mang chnh tn mnh

Ama Cng, vi cng dng chnh l bi b c th, tr au lng nhc mi, b

thn trng dng, tng cng sinh lc.

12

Vic nh danh cy thuc, nghin cu chng minh tc dng, nhn ging pht

trin trng trt, bo tn, l nguyn vng ca nhn dn v chnh quyn a

phng.

V vy, ngy 20/02/2005, c Ama Cng ng hp tc vi BS H Vit

Sang trong nghin cu khoa hc bi thuc c gi tr ny phc v li ch cng

ng.

Ngy 30/4/2005, c Ama Cng truyn th bi thuc v cc ni dung cn

k tha cho BS H Vit Sang, k c vic vo rng hi thuc, ch dn c th tng

cy thuc, cch s dng,

Hi ng y k Lk, S Khoa hc cng ngh, Khoa dc i hc Y

Dc Tp. H Ch Minh, Khoa dc v trng i hc Y khoa Hu, cc vin

Ha hc, Sinh hc, bc vo nghin cu khoa hc bi thuc v bc u

c nhng kt qu c ngha [2], [3].

1.2.2. c im thc vt

Bi thuc ca c Ama Cng gm c 3 loi dc liu c phi kh,

c k hiu: dc liu L, D v T v c phi hp theo mt t l nht nh.

Dc liu L (b phn dng l l) c ngi Mnng gi tn l Tom

Ngleng, dc liu D (b phn dng l thn r) c tn l Nam Dong, dc liu

T (b phn dng l thn) c tn l Tom Trong Nenso.

Tom Ngleng (L) l l mt loi xc nh thuc chi Micromelum,

Rutaceace.

Nam Dong (D) l thn r mt loi xc nh thuc chi Smilax,

Smilacaceace.

Tom Trong Nenso (T) l thn mt loi xc nh thuc chi Urceola,

Apocynaceae [3], [15].

13

Hnh 1.5. Cc nguyn liu v dc liu trong bi thuc Ama Cng

1.2.3. Phn b v thu hi

C 3 cy mang dc liu sng vng t bazan, kh hu nhit i c 2

ma ma v ma kh r rt, nhit trung bnh 20-25 oC, lng ma trung

bnh 1.800-2.000 mm3/nm.

Cy mang dc liu L v D sng tt trong nhng khu rng tha, bng

phng; cn cy mang dc liu T ch gp ven rng gi c nhiu cy g to

v c nhiu loi dy leo khc [3], [15].

1.2.4. Thnh phn ha hc

- Tom Ngleng cha tinh du (1,1%), triterpenoid, flavonoid, polyphenol,

tannin, saponin, acid hu, hp cht polyuronic v acid isoferulic.

- Nam Dong cha triterpenoid, alcaloid, antraglycosid, tannin, flavonoid,

14

polyphenol, saponin v acid hu c.

- Tom Trong Nenso cha triterpenoid, alcaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, tannin,

saponin, hp cht phytosterol v cc acid hu c [3], [15].

1.2.5. Tc dng dc l v cng dng 1.2.5.1. Cng dng dn gian

- Tc dng ca Ama Cng c nghin cu v kim nghim qua nhiu ngi

s dng:

B thn, trng dng.

Tng cng sc khe, bi b c th, tng sc do dai.

Cha vim khp, au khp, au lng, au ct sng, au dy thn kinh.

i tiu m, xut tinh sm.

Ng khng su gic, gip u c tnh to.

C tc dng tt i vi ngi b bnh au na u.

Gip thn o thi mt lng ln acid uric ra khi c th, h tr iu tr

bnh gout.

Cch dng: thuc c th ngm ru hoc sc ung.

Liu dng: mt thang thuc ngm vi 6 lt ru, ngm 1 tun c th dng

c, mi ngy ung 2 ly nh trc mi ba n. Mt thang chia lm 4 ln

sc, t l 4 lt nc ly cn 1 lt ung hng ngy [3], [15].

1.2.5.2 Tc dng v c tnh

c tnh cp, c tnh bn trng din:

c tnh cp ng ung trn chut nht khng th hin liu 3,75g

cao thuc Ama Cng/kg (liu ti a cho bng ng ung) trong 72 gi

u v sut 2 tun theo di: khng c con chut no cht hoc th hin

triu chng trng c.

15

c tnh bn trng din: chut cho ung cao thuc Ama Cng liu

0,375g/kg/ngy trong sut 60 ngy lin tc khng c con chut no cht.

Khng quan st thy biu hin trng c hay bnh l. Khng c thay i

c bit no trong sinh hot v hnh vi. Kho st i th v vi hc cc c

quan khng thy c s thay i trong hnh thi tim, gan, thn ca nhm

th so vi nhm chng.

Tc dng tng lc:

Chut cho ung cao thuc Ama Cng liu 187,5 hoc 375 mg/kg c

s gia tng thi gian bi kit sc c ngha thng k (p < 0,01) so vi

chut i chng trn c hai m hnh thc nghim chut bi c gia trng

v bi trong h c dng chy iu chnh. Kt qu ny so snh vi

chut c cho dng saponin ton phn nhn sm vi liu 20 mg/kg. Kt

qu cho thy bi thuc Ama Cng c th gip gia tng sc chu ng v

c th lm thuc chng mt mi v ci thin sc chu ng thn th [6].

Tc ng ln nng testosteron huyt, s pht trin ca cc c quan

sinh dc :

Kt qu mt th nghim thm d [14]

- Cao thuc Ama Cng 2 liu ung 187,5 mg/kg v 375 mg/kg khi

lng trong 7 ngy hay 14 ngy lm gim hm lng testosteron

trong huyt tng v khng lm thay i khi lng c th cng

nh cc c quan sinh dc ca chut cha trng thnh (5 tun tui).

- Cao thuc Ama Cng liu ung 375 mg/kg khi lng trong 14

ngy lm gim khi lng cc c quan sinh dc ca chut trng

thnh (10 tun tui).

16

- Cao thuc Ama Cng liu ung 187,5 mg/kg khi lng trong 7

ngy lm gim khi lng c th ca chut trng thnh (10 tun

tui), trong khi hm lng testosteron trong huyt tng khng thay

i.

- Th nghim thm d cho thy cao thuc Ama Cng vi liu khc

nhau (1/10 v 1/20 Dmax) c tc ng khc nhau ln nng

testosteron mu, s pht trin ca cc c quan sinh dc i vi c

nhm chut cha trng thnh v nhm chut trng thnh.

Kt qu thm d gi m th nghim hot tnh hng sinh dc tip

theo: trn cng m hnh ny vi liu thp hn v tm c liu c

tc dng. Kt qu ca th nghim nh sau: [7]

- Cao thuc Ama Cng 2 liu ung 37,5 mg/kg v 75 mg/kg khi

lng chut nht trong 14 ngy khng lm thay i khi lng c

th cng nh cc c quan sinh dc ca c hai c a bnh thng v

c a b suy gim sinh dc.

- Cao thuc Ama Cng 2 liu ung 37,5 mg/kg v 75 mg/kg khi

trng chut nht trong 14 ngy lm tng hm lng testosteron

trong huyt tng trn c a bnh thng.

- Cao thuc Ama Cng liu ung 75 mg/kg khi lng trong 14

ngy lm tng hm lng testosteron trong huyt tng trn c a b

gim nng sinh dc.

17

CHNG 2. NGUYN LIU, I TNG V

PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1. Nguyn liu v i tng nghin cu

2.1.1. Nguyn liu

Hnh 2.1. Vin nang mm Ama Cng

18

Vin nang mm Ama Cng c bo ch ti X nghip dc phm 3/2, s 10

Cng Trng Quc T - Qun 3 Tp. HCM.

Thnh phn:

- Mi vin nang mm Ama Cng c khi lng 800 mg, trong :

- Bt cao kh Ama Cng: 150mg.

- T dc: lecithin 30 mg, sp ong vng 17mg, du c 300mg, du u

nnh 303mg.

Hnh thc cm quan: vin nang mm, mu xanh l m, mi thm vani,

bn trong cha cht lng hi snh, mu nu en, mi thm dc liu,

v ng nh.

t cc ch tiu v ng u v khi lng, r, bn c hc, gii hn

nhim khun, nh tnh v nh lng theo tiu chun DVN III v TCCS.

2.1.2. i tng

Chut cng trng chng Wistar trng thnh, 20-25 tun tui, khe mnh,

c hai ging, cn nng trung bnh chut c t 250-300g, chut ci 200-250g,

do Hc vin Qun Y cung cp, t tiu chun th nghim. Tt c cc ng vt

trn c nui trong iu kin y thc n, nc ung, m, thng

kh v nh sng thch hp ti khu nghin cu ng vt thc nghim b mn

Dc lc trng i hc Dc H Ni.

2.1.3. Thuc v ha cht

- Progesteron ( cha 25mg progesteron/1mL), do Cng ty c phn dc v vt

t th y (Hanvet) sn xut.

- Oestradiol ( cha 1500 mcg oestradiol benzoat/1mL), do Cng ty c phn

dc v vt t th y (Hanvet) sn xut.

19

- Ampicillin: ch phm ampicillin 50mg do Cng ty c phn xut nhp khu y

t Domesco sn xut.

- Ketamin: ch phm ketamin inresa 10ml, do cng ty Solupharm GmbH

Pharmazeutische Erzeugnisse sn xut.

- Thiopental natri: ch phm thiopental injection BP do cng ty Rotexmedica

GmbH Atzneimittelwert sn xut.

- Dung mi du pha progesteron v oestradiol.

- Betadin & NaCl 0,9% .

2.2. Phng php nghin cu

Nghin cu trn chc nng sinh sn thng qua hnh vi giao cu.

Th nghim c tin hnh theo phng php ca Agmo (1997) [17], c

th nh sau:

Chut cng trng thnh c 2 ging, tiu chun nghin cu, c nht

ring c - ci, 4-5 con/chung, nui n nh trong chu k sng ti (20h00 :

8h00); o ngc bng cch bt n sng vo ban m (t 20h00 n 8h00) v

tt n vo ban ngy (t 8h00 n 20h00). Phng nui chut c dn giy

en m bo mi trng ging ban m nht trong khong thi gian t

8h00 n 20h00, m bo mi trng thng thong v kh hu thch hp cho

hot ng giao cu din ra. Vic nui chut trong mi trng sng - ti o

ngc c ngha gip cho vic quan st ca nghin cu vin c thun li

vo ban ngy, song vn m bo cho hnh vi tnh dc ca chut din ra trong

mi trng gn ging vi mi trng sinh l nht.

chut c c hnh vi tnh dc, cn cho chut c tip xc vi chut ci

ang ng dc. Do vy, trong nghin cu, c th quan st v nh gi hnh

20

vi tnh dc ca chut c, cn ch ng ct b bung trng ca chut ci, sau

to ra mt trng thi ng dc nhn to theo mun bng cch tim

hormon ngoi sinh cho chut ci trc khi ghp i; ng thi gip trnh thai

cho chut ci trong qu trnh ghp i.

K thut m ct b bung trng chut ci c tin hnh nh sau: gy

m chut ci bng cch tim phc mc dung dch natri thiopental 2,5% vi

liu 40mg/kg v ketamin vi liu 50mg/kg. Sau khi chut m, t chut

nm sp, dng ko ct lp da, lp m ri n lp c lng; dng pank ko lp

m cha bung trng ra ngoi, tht bung trng bng ch t tiu ri ct b

bung trng trn ch tht. Khu ln lt lp c, lp m ri n lp da ca

chut. St trng vt m bng povidon iod. Tt c cc dng c u c sy

tit trng. Chut c tim d phng trc phu thut bng ampicilin vi liu

16mg/kg.

Sau khi m, chut c ngh 14 ngy hi phc sc khe v c nui

trong bung sng - ti o ngc lm quen vi mi trng nghin cu.

Trc khi cho giao phi vi chut c, chut ci c gy ng dc nhn to

bng liu php hormon bng cch tim di da dung dch estradiol benzoat

0,25mg/kg trc khi giao phi 52 gi v 48 gi sau, tim di da dung dch

progesteron 2,5mg/kg. Khi cho giao phi vi chut c, nhng con ci khng

c hnh vi chu c (nh un cong lng khi b kch thch) s b loi.

Trong qu trnh ghp i c ci quan st cc ch s sau:

- MF (s ln tip cn- Mounting Frequency): l s ln con c nhy ln lng

con ci trong mt lot giao cu.

- ML (thi gian t n tip cn- Mounting Latency): l khong thi gian t

khi con c gp con ci n ln nhy u tin.

21

- IF (s ln thm nhp m o- Intromission Frequency): l s ln dng vt

con c thm nhp vo m o con ci trong mt lot giao cu.

- IL (thi gian t n thm nhp- Intromission Latency): l khong thi

gian t khi con c gp con ci n ln thm nhp dng vt u tin.

- EL (thi gian t n xut tinh- Ejaculation Latency): l khong thi gian

t ln nhy u tin (hoc thm nhp m o u tin- nu khng c nhy)

n ln xut tinh u tin.

- PEI (khong cch sau xut tinh- Post Ejaculation Interval): l khong thi

gian t sau khi xut tinh ln u n ln nhy hoc thm nhp m o tip

theo (nu khng c nhy) bt u mt lot giao cu mi.

- III (khong cch thm nhp dng vt - Interintromission interval,

III=EL/IF): l khong thi gian gia cc ln thm nhp.

Hnh 2.2. Din bin hnh vi tnh dc ca chut c

Th nghim kt thc khi ghi c PEI, hoc khi ML, IL > 15 pht; EL >

30 pht; PEI > 15 pht. Nhng chut xc nh c ch s PEI c xem l

hon thnh test hnh vi.

Chut c v chut ci c lm quen vi test hnh vi tnh dc trong 3 t

ghp, mi t cch nhau 7 ngy. Mc ch ca 3 t lm quen ny nhm khi

ng phn x tnh dc, pht huy ti a vai tr ca h thn kinh v ni tit i

vi hnh vi tnh dc ca chut, ng thi gip cc nghin cu vin lm quen

Gp nhau

Nhy 1 Nhy 2 Thm nhp 2

Xut tinh

Nhy mi hoc thm nhp mi

Thm nhp 1

IL

PEI

III

ML EL

22

vi vic quan st hnh vi tnh dc chut. Sau chut tip tc c quan

st hnh vi trong 4 t na (4 test sng lc) nh gi kh nng tnh dc, kt

qu ca 4 t ny c ngha nh gi kh nng hot ng tnh dc ca mi

chut, trn c s phn loi chut theo kh nng hot ng tnh dc v chia

u ngu nhin vo cc l nghin cu c th nh sau:

L 1: ung NaCl 0,9% vi th tch 10mL/kg.

L 2: ung ch phm Ama Cng vi liu 20,63 mg/kg.

L 3: ung ch phm Ama Cng vi liu 41,25 mg/kg.

Chut c dng thuc lin tc 7 ngy, c ghp i vi chut ci 2 ln

trong sut qu trnh dng thuc (sau khi dng liu u tin 2 gi v ngy cui

cng ung thuc). Quan st li hnh vi tnh dc, ghi li cc thng s v so

snh kt qu l dng thuc vi l chng. Trng lng c th chut cng

c kim tra thng xuyn vo lc bt u th nghim, gia th nghim,

trc v sau khi dng thuc nh gi tnh trng sc khe chung ca chut.

Hnh 2.3. S nghin cu hnh vi tnh dc chut cng trng

(E2: tim estradiol benzoate; Pro: tim progesteron)

Ngy cui cng, git chut, ly mu nh lng nng testosteron so

snh gia cc nhm vi nhau.

t 1 t 2 t 3 t 4 t 5 t 6 t 7 t 8 t 9

Ngy Thin chut ci

E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2 E2

Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro Pro

E2 git chut

23

m bo hot ng giao cu ca chut din ra t nhin v khng b nh

hng bi ngi quan st, qu trnh quan st c din ra nh sau:

Chun b 6 chung tru kh, sch, c kch thc 60 x 40 x 40 (cm), np

chung l mt tm li inox sch, c khe h, m bo cho chung

quan st c thng kh v c th ghi li c cc hot ng giao cu

din ra bn trong.

Chun b 6 webcam cht lng cao m bo quay khng b rung

git, treo c nh pha trn mi chung quan st sao cho ghi li c

ton b din bin xy ra trong chung.

Chun b 1 my tnh bn c ni vi cc webcam, s dng phn mm

c th quan st c hnh nh t c 6 webcam; c dung lng ln

lu gi c t nht 35 hnh ng (trung bnh 01 hnh ng din ra

trong 30 pht c dung lng c dung lng khong 500MB).

Chun b danh sch chut v cc mnh giy nh ghi k hiu cp

quan st, m bo cc d liu ghi c l chnh xc ca tng cp quan

st tng ng.

Ton b qu chun b phi c kt thc trc khi quan st t nht 10

pht.

- Tin hnh quan st:

Ln lt ly chut c tng l nghin cu cho vo chung quan st,

t giy ghi k hiu m chut c bn cnh chung.

5 pht cho chut c lm quen vi chung quan st.

Ln lt th vo mi chung chut c 01 chut ci ng dc. Ghi

m chut ci vo bn cnh m chut c, bt my quay ngay vo thi

im th chut ci v t giy ghi m chut ln np chung trong 5

giy (m bo m chut c lu li trong my quay).

24

Ton b qu trnh giao cu ca chut c ghi li t ng bng

webcam c ni vi my tnh trong khong thi gian 30 pht.

Nhn lc phc v cho qu trnh quan st : phc v cho mi bui

quan st (35 chut), cn khong 2-3 ngi, trong 1-2 ngi bt

chut v c k hiu chut, 1ngi ph trch my tnh.

Trong qu trnh din ra hot ng giao cu ca chut, ton b nghin

cu vin ra khi phng quan st, ch li 1 ngi lm nhim v theo

di hot ng ca my tnh.

- c v x l kt qu:

Kt thc mi bui quan st, ton b d liu c chuyn v my tnh

chnh, lu gi trong mt folder ring, vi tn folder chnh l ngy quan

st tng ng.

Hai nghin cu vin chnh quan st hnh vi giao cu mt cch c lp

(qua my tnh), ghi li kt qu trong phiu theo di hnh vi v so snh

vi nhau, vi nhng kt qu khng trng nhau th c 2 cng quan st v

thng nht.

Kt qu thu c s c x l bng phn mm Microsoft excel 2007,

m bo vi mi l nghin cu, kh nng giao cu ca chut l tng

i ng u.

2.3. X l kt qu

Cc s liu c x l theo phn mm Microsoft excel 2007, s dng

thut ton t-test student so snh gi tr trung bnh. Cc s liu c trnh

by di dng MEAN SE, s khc bit c ngha thng k khi p

25

CHNG III. KT QU

3.1. Tc dng trn chc nng sinh dc thng qua hnh vi giao cu 3.1.1. Kt qu hon thnh test hnh vi giao cu qua cc t tp luyn Chut c c tri qua cc t tp luyn lm quen vi test hnh vi

giao cu.

Bng 3.1. Kh nng hon thnh test hnh vi giao cu ca chut theo cc t

ghp cp

t

1

t

2

t

3

t

4

t

5

t

6

t

7

Tng

S chut

hon thnh

6

13

16

18

18

21

21

35

T l s

chut hon

thnh(%)

17,14

37,14

45,71

51,43

51,43

60

60

100%

Nhn xt:

S chut hon thnh test hnh vi giao cu tng ln qua cc t, c s dao

ng ln v s chut hon thnh test hnh vi giao cu cc t tp luyn 1, 2

v 3; cc t 4,5,6,7 t l chut hon thnh hnh vi giao cu n nh.

Trong nghin cu hnh vi tnh dc, trc khi th thuc chut cn c

ghp cp qua 7 t trong 3 t u (1,2,3) l 3 t chut lm quen vi

26

test hnh vi v khi ng phn x tnh dc, 4 t sau (4,5,6,7) c dng

nh gi kh nng tnh dc ca chut. Kt qu hon thnh cc t ghp cp

4,5,6,7 ca chut c th hin bng 3.2.

Bng 3.2. S chut hon thnh cc test hnh vi giao cu

S chut hon thnh test hnh vi giao

cu

L

3 t 2 t 1 t 0 t

Tng

1 3 1 1 4 9

2 4 2 0 3 9

3 3 2 1 3 9

Tng 10 5 2 10 27

Nhn xt:

S chut hon thnh c 4 test hnh vi giao cu (4,5,6,7) ch chim khong

22,85% (8 trng hp), cn li 27 chut khng hon thnh t nht 1 test hnh

vi c chia u thnh 3 l nghin cu theo kh nng giao cu.

3.1.2. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln hnh vi giao cu ca chut

Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s ML, IL

Cc ch s ML (thi gian t n tip cn) v IL (thi gian t n

thm nhp) l nhng ch s c dng nh gi s ham mun ca

chut.

27

Bng 3.3. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s ML v IL

NaCl 0,9%

Ama Cng

20,63mg/kg

Ama Cng

41,25mg/kg

Trc ung

thuc 43,25 15,17 17,708,86 10,562,76

Sau UT 2

gi 54,3333,25 29,6012,95 50,1319,93

ML(giy)

Sau UT 7

ngy 145,7156,13 94,8845,36 169,0063,38

Trc ung

thuc 242,5771,23 88,2529,68 198,00112,69

Sau UT 2

gi 216,11116,5 66,0024,70 170,7554,07

IL(giy)

Sau UT 7

ngy 218,7165,90 160,2235,57 319,00133,22

Nhn xt:

- Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25mg/kg cha lm thay i cc ch

s ML v IL mt cch c ngha thng k so vi l chng sau 2 gi

hay 7 ngy dng thuc.

Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s IF v EL

Ch s IF (s ln thm nhp m o) gn lin vi hot ng ca dng

vt, l tin cho hin tng xut tinh v phn nh hiu qu giao cu hn

l s ham mun tnh dc; EL l thi gian t n xut tinh.

28

Bng 3.4. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s IF v EL

NaCl 0,9%

Ama Cng

20,63mg/kg

Ama Cng

41,25mg/kg

Trc ung

thuc 9,140,80 9,701,43 10,671,58

Sau UT 2

gi 9,671,99 11,401,40 9,633,02

IF (ln)

Sau UT 7

ngy 11,861,66 10,201,50 7,441,36

Trc ung

thuc 875,43112,94 599,5715,59 977,77171,58

Sau UT 2

gi 1098,57173,64 806,14209,36 731,83162,12

EL (giy)

Sau UT 7

ngy 1112,00254,97 1014,33153,72 545,50150,10

Nhn xt:

- Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25mg/kg th trng chut cng cha

lm thay i cc ch s IF v EL mt cch c ngha thng k so vi l

chng sau 2 gi hay 7 ngy dng thuc.

Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s PEI v III

Khong cch sau xut tinh (PEI) l khong thi gian chut hi sc

li sau mi lot giao cu cng l mt ch s nh gi s ham mun tnh

29

dc; khong cch thm nhp dng vt III (=EL/IF) va phn nh hiu

qu giao cu va phn nh ham mun tnh dc.

Bng 3.5. Tc dng ca bi thuc ln cc ch s PEI v III

NaCl 0,9%

Ama Cng

20,63mg/kg

Ama Cng

41,25mg/kg

Trc ung

thuc 442,57 24,49 380,71 11,93 423,00 26,63

Sau UT 2

gi 412,57 11,34

383,86 16,39

(0,82%)

pt-s

30

- Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg th trng chut cng lm tng c ch s

PEI v III sau 2 gi dng thuc mt cch c ngha thng k.

- Ama Cng liu 40,25mg/kg th trng chut cng cha lm thay i cc

ch s PEI v III mt cch c ngha thng k so vi l chng.

3.2. Tc dng ca thuc ln nng testosteron mu Nng testosteron mu (nmol/L)

Biu 3.6. S thay i ca testosteron mu di tc dng ca Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25mg/kg trong nghin cu hnh vi giao cu chut cng c

Nhn xt:

- Khng c s khc bit v nng testosteron mu ca chut cng c

gia cc l dng Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25mg/kg th trng

chut cng v l chng.

31

CHNG 4. BN LUN

4.1 . V bi thuc Ama Cng - Bi thuc Ama Cng c bit n l mt bi thuc gia truyn ca c

Ama Cng tn tht l Y Prng ban dng s sn voi s mt Ty Nguyn

vi cc cng dng dn gian chnh l bi b c th, tr au lng nhc mi,

b thn trng dng, tng cng sinh lc c bn thn ng v mt b

phn ngi dn tin tng s dng [5], [15].

- T nm 2005 n nay vi mc ch nhn ging, pht trin trng trt v

bo tn bi thuc theo nguyn vng ca c Ama Cng, nhn dn cng

nh chnh quyn a phng; bi thuc c tin hnh nhiu nghin

cu nhm nh danh cy thuc, nghin cu chng minh cc tc dng, c

th hn nh tc dng tng lc (gia tng thi gian bi kit sc); tc ng

ln th trng, th c tnh cp, bn trng din v c tc ng ln nng

testosteron, trng lng ca cc c quan sinh dc ph [2], [3], [7], [14],

[15].

- Liu Ama Cng dng trong th nghim hnh vi ny c xc nh da

trn kt qu th nghim hot tnh androgen tin hnh trc : cao

thuc Ama Cng trong 14 ngy c 2 liu 37,5 mg/kg v 75 mg/kg

khi lng chut nht bnh thng u lm tng nng testosteron

mu (gp 3 ln liu 37,5 mg/kg v gp 6 ln liu 75 mg/kg th

trng) v liu ung 75 mg/kg khi lng trong 14 ngy lm tng hm

lng testosteron trong huyt tng trn c a b gim nng sinh dc c

ngha thng k so vi l chng [7].

Vy, chng ti la chn liu dng tin hnh th nghim hnh vi l:

37,50 mg/kg khi lng chut nht (1/100 Dmax )

75 mg/kg khi lng chut nht (1/50 Dmax )

32

( vi Dmax = 3750 mg/kg, l liu ti a cho bng ng ung )

Quy i liu c hiu qu tng ng trn i tng chut cng l: [4]

20,63 mg/kg khi lng chut cng

41,25 mg/kg khi lng chut cng

4.2 . V m hnh nghin cu - Nghin cu trn hnh vi tnh dc chut thc nghim c p dng

rng ri trn th gii phn tch c ch , hnh vi cng nh vai tr ca

h thn kinh trung ng - ni tit i vi hot ng sinh l ny. Trong

lnh vc dc l, nghin cu trn hnh vi tnh dc cn c dng

sng lc cc thuc c tc dng tng cng sinh dc [17], [19], [21],

[32]. C th k tn 1 s cc nghin cu v hnh vi trn th gii nh:

nghin cu ca Ramachandran (2004) v tc dng kch dc ca dch

chit Butea frondosan Koen.ex Roxb., [31]; nghin cu v v thuc

Dactylorhiza hatagirea n (2007) [26] hay nghin cu ca

Tommy Pattij(2005) v s khc bit xut tinh gia cc c th v.v[30]

M hnh ny khng qu phc tp v cn nhiu phng tin, my mc

t tin, hon ton c th p dng c trong iu kin Vit Nam.

- Nh c cp ti mc trn, kt qu thm d cho thy Ama

Cng liu 75mg/kg khi lng chut nht lm tng nng testosteron

mu mt cch c ngha thng k chut suy sinh dc, m theo

Agmo (1997), bt c mt yu t no nh hng n nng

testosteron mu u c tc ng n hnh vi giao cu ca chut [17]

nn th nghim ny c tin hnh vi mong mun nghin cu tc

dng ca bi thuc trn hnh vi tnh dc ca chut thc nghim, c

bit l trn ham mun tnh dc ca chut hay c th l mong mun

thuc s lm gim ML, IL, PEI, III hay lm tng IF. V, trong cc hot

33

ng tnh dc, hot ng tip cn phn nh s mong mun hay hot

ha tnh dc, thng s thng c dng nh gi l thi gian t

n tip cn (ML). iu khin hnh vi tip cn l vai tr ca h thn

kinh trung ng, thng qua vic thay i cc cht trung gian ha hc

c hiu hoc nng hormone gii tnh c hiu [13]. Ngoi ra,

khong cch sau xut tinh (PEI) l khong thi gian chut hi sc

li sau mi lot giao cu cng l mt ch s nh gi s ham mun tnh

dc. Hot ng thm nhp phc tp hn do cn c s cng ca

dng vt, kt hp vi hot ng ca c vn dng vt nn khng

hon ton l ch s nh gi s ham mun tnh dc. S cng dng

vt cn c s phi hp tng th ca hot ng gin mch, cc hormon

ni tit v yu t thn kinh. Vy nn, hot ng thm nhp c trng

cho hiu qu giao cu. Cc ch s nh gi hiu qu giao cu l IF v

III (=EL/IF), trong ch s IF rt quan trng, n gn lin vi hot

ng ca dng vt, l tin cho hin tng xut tinh. Trong khi IF

phn nh hiu qu giao cu hn l s ham mun tnh dc th III li

phn nh c [13].

4.3. V kt qu nghin cu - Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg khi lng chut cng khng lm thay

i cc ch s ML, IL, IF, EL sau 2 gi hay 7 ngy dng thuc mt

cch c ngha thng k so vi l chng.

- Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg khi lng chut cng khng nhng

lm gim m cn lm tng cc ch s PEI v III mt cch c ngha

thng k sau 2 gi dng thuc.

- Ama Cng liu 41,25mg/kg khi lng chut cng khng lm nh

hng n cc ch s nghin cu.

34

- Ama Cng liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25 mg/kg khi lng chut cng

cha lm thay i nng testosteron mu gia cc l dng thuc

so vi l chng. C s ph hp gia kt qu v nng testosteron

mu v kt qu hnh vi ca bi thuc.

Theo chng ti, kt qu ny thu c mt phn c th do:

Hot tnh androgen ca bi thuc Ama Cng cha mnh c

nh hng tch cc n cc ch s hnh vi, c bit l cc ch s lin

quan n s ham mun tnh dc (ML, IL). Qua nhng ti liu chng ti tham kho c, Ama Cng liu 75mg/kg khi lng chut nht

(tng ng vi liu 40,25mg/kg th trng chut cng) lm tng

trng lng nng testosteron chut suy sinh dc, song li cha

lm tng khi lng cc c quan sinh dc ph mt cch c ngha

thng k .

Trn thc t quan st, s chut c biu hin bt thng v t th di

chuyn (i nghing) tng dn theo thi gian nghin cu. Chng ti

t ra gi thit liu chut tri qua 9 t ghp cp, mi t cch nhau

7 ngy c nh hng n sc khe ca chut? T a ra cn

nhc rt ngn thi gian nghin cu bng cch rt ngn s t ghp

cp hoc khong cch gia cc t ghp cp? Theo kt qu bng

3.1 cho thy ch c 17,14% chut c c hnh vi tnh dc t

ghp cp u tin, nhng n t 2 con s ny tng ln gp i.

Nh vy, trc khi c nhng nghin cu chnh thc, chut c cn

phi c lm quen vi test hnh vi. Cc test lm quen ny khng

ch c vai tr khi ng phn x tnh dc chut, m cn gip cc

nghin cu vin lm quen vi vic quan st hnh vi ca chut. Sau

1-2 test lm quen ban u, chut phi tip tc c tp luyn qua

cc t ghp cp mi. Mc ch ca test tp luyn ny nhm pht

35

huy ti a vai tr ca h thn kinh v ni tit i vi hnh vi tnh

dc ca chut. Hot ng tnh dc ca chut phi da trn s bnh

thng ca cc yu t thn kinh v ni tit ny, bt k mt s bt

thng no ca h thng trn u dn n vic chut khng hon

thnh test hnh vi. Da vo kt qu ca cc t tp luyn ny m c

th phn loi chut theo kh nng hot ng tnh dc [17], [28]. Tuy

nhin, cn tp luyn bao nhiu t l va v khong cch gia cc

t l bao lu th c s khc nhau gia cc nghin cu. Ottani v

cng s quan st chut qua 7 t ghp cp trc khi tin hnh can

thip bng thuc [28]. Hooi Hoon Ang ch cho ghp cp trc 3 t

m thi [18]. Khong cch gia cc t ghp cp ca Ottani v cng

s l 4 ngy [28], trong khi Agmo khuyn c th cch nhau 1 tun

[17]. Nghin cu ca Tommy Pattij(2005) chut tri qua 6 ln ghp

cp trc khi can thip thuc v khong cch gia cc t cng l 1

tun [30]. Nghin cu v bi thuc SA1 Hn Quc, gm 9 v dc

liu (Korean red ginseng, ferment soybean, Tribulus terrestris,

Fructus Rubi, Fructus Lycii, Semen Cuscutae, Dioscorea Rhizome,

Fructus Corni and Fructus Crataegi) c cho l lm tng sinh lc

v ci thin chc nng tnh dc cho nam gii, tc gi by t quan

im cc t quan st cn thit phi tin hnh 1-2 ln/1 tun [29].

Vy, theo chng ti cc nghin cu sau c th cn nhc tin hnh

cc khong thi gian khc a ra so snh, t rt ra khong

thi gian thch hp.

4.4. V liu Ama Cng - Bi thuc Ama Cng c nghin cu v hot tnh androgen

nhiu mc liu khc nhau.

36

- Vi Dmax = 3750mg (liu ti a cho bng ng ung), cc nghin

cu tin hnh cc liu 1/10, 1/20 Dmax [7], cho kt qu l lm

gim nng testosteron; tuy nhin khi gim liu xung cn 1/50,

1/100 Dmax [14] th kt qu ngc li l lm tng nng

testosteron. Nghin cu ca chng ti cng p dng liu 1/50 Dmax

(41,25mg/kg chut cng) v 1/100 Dmax (20,63mg/kg chut cng)

nh gi tc dng trn hnh vi tnh dc. Kt qu cho thy liu

1/50 Dmax khng nh hng n cc ch s hnh vi, cn liu 1/100

Dmax lm tng cc ch s PEI, III sau 2 gi ung thuc. iu

ny c v khng tng xng vi hot tnh androgen c nghin

cu trc . Phi chng liu 1/50 v 1/100 Dmax vn cn thp,

cha tc ng tch cc n test hnh vi. Nu tng liu ln n

mc liu 1/30, 1/40 Dmax liu hnh vi tnh dc ca chut c c

ci thin khng? iu ny cn tip tc nghin cu lm sng t.

37

KT LUN

Qua qu trnh nghin cu v tc dng ca bi thuc Ama Cng ln hnh vi

tnh dc chut cng c thc nghim, kha lun rt ra mt s kt lun sau:

1. V tc dng ca bi thuc Ama Cng ln hnh vi tnh dc ca chut cng c thc nghim

- Ama Cng vi liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25mg/kg cn nng chut cng cha

lm thay i tch cc n hnh vi tnh dc ca chut cng c thc

nghim.

- Ama Cng vi liu 20,63mg/kg cn nng chut cng lm tng PEI, III sau

2 gi dng thuc v khng lm thay i cc ch s ML, IL, IF, EL.

- Ama Cng vi liu 41,25mg/kg cn nng chut cng cha lm thay i cc

ch s hnh vi.

2. V tc dng ca bi thuc Ama Cng ln nng testosteron mu ca chut cng c thc nghim

- Ama Cng vi liu 20,63mg/kg v 41,25mg/kg cn nng chut cng cha

lm thay i n nng testosteron mu ca chut cng c thc nghim

gia cc l dng thuc so vi l chng.

38

KIN NGH

1. Nghin cu tc dng ca Ama Cng v hnh vi tnh dc cc mc liu nh 1/30, 1/40 Dmax.

2. Nghin cu rt ngn thi gian tin hnh nghin cu mt cch thch hp hn.

I

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II

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III

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IV

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