nota spm_ grammar.pdf

8/9/2019 Nota SPM_ Grammar.pdf

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Grammar Exercises English Grammar

Grammar Rules


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some useful links

The New Straits Times

The Star

Berita Harian

Utusan Malaysia

Harian Metro

PC Tips

Acne Articles

Tutor.Com.My

about me

Apat Anne

Hi! Welcome to my photo

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View my complete profile

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Connectors

- Connectors are words and phrases that connect words, phrases or

clauses of equivalent grammatical structure.

- Connectors have two types. There are logical connectors and sequenceconnectors

- Logical connectors are join words and sentences in a logical manner.


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* Sequence connectors are used to connect words or sentences which

follow sequence of action or events.

First, Later, Next, Subsequently, Then, After that, Meanwhile,

Finally, After, Eventually, Before,

Passive Construction

* There are two voice in the English language:

A) the active voice

B) the passive voice


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REPORTED SPEECH

- There are two ways to show what somebody has said.

- Direct speech is the actual words used while reported speech gives an

indirect account of the words

EXAMPLES

Direct speech:

She said, ?Your exam result would be released tomorrow.Reported speech:

She said that my exam results would be released the next day

Note This!

- There is a set of complex change when we change direct speech into

reported speech;

1. No quotation marks:

- She said, ?I amgoing home?

- She said that she was going home

2. Change to pronouns:

- Johan said, ?I willdrive home?

- Johan said that he would drive home

3. Change to terms indicating nearest to remoteness

- Johan said, ?I need these boys to help me?

- Johan said that he needed thoseboys to help him.

(this-->that/there --> there/now --> then)

4. Change to time designations:

- Johan said, ?I need to go home tomorrow? - Johan said that he

needed to go home the next day


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5. Change to verb tenses:

- She said, ?I leftmy bag at home?

- She said that she had left her bag at home.

( past ----> past perfect )

Change to verb tenses:

- She said, ?I will be leaving for Singapore next month?

- She said that she would be leavingfor Singapore the following

month.

( future ---->future in the past time) Other words to replace said:

told / asked / inquired / ordered / commanded / requested


- He said, ?Didyou bakethe cake??

- He asked whetherI baked the cake.

( Use of ?whether? or ?if?)


- He said, ?Canyou help me with my homework?? - He asked me

whetherI couldhelp him with his homework

( can----> could / will ----> would / shall ------> should)


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Conjuction


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Punctuation

- Punctuation marks are sign that we use to help make our writing

clearer


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posted by apat anne at 8:25 pmlabels: english

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wan01240said...

tq

December 2, 2009 at 5:10 AMtc cheahsaid...

wow...tq

August 17, 2010 at 8:03 AM

iela91said...

tengs. very useful.even im student U still find dis beneficial for

my english subject;)

October 25, 2011 at 9:27 AM

nota spm_ grammar.pdf

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