nota year 4
TRANSCRIPT
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Theme 1
Investigating Living Thing
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Keperluan Asas Manusia
1. Makanan, air, udara dan tempat tinggal adalah keperluan asas bagi manusia
2. Keperluan asas manusia ialah:
a) Udara
- Manusia memerlukan udara untuk bernafas
- Manusia memerlukan oksigen di udara untuk bernafas
b) air)
- Manusia memerlukan air untuk mengekalkan suhu badan, mencernakan makanan dan
menyingkirkan bahan-bahan buangan daripada badan
c) makanan
- Manusia memerlukan makanan untuk membesar,menjaga kesihatan dan mendapatkan
tenaga
d) tempat tinggal
- Manusia memerlukan tempat berlindung untuk melindungi diri daripada bahaya,
Cahaya matahari dan hujan
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JENIS-JENIS TEMPAT BERLINDUNG (SHELTER)
Rumah panjang
Rumah pangsa
Rumah teres
Rumah bungalow
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Basic Needs Of Human
Food
Shelter
Air
Water
To breathe
To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain
Give energyGrow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.1 Understanding that humans have basic needs
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Keperluan Asas Haiwan
1. Makanan, air, udara dan tempat tinggal adalah keperluan asas bagi haiwan
2. Keperluan asas haiwan ialah:
a) udara (air)
- Haiwan memerlukan udara untuk bernafas
- Haiwan tidak dapat menjalankan proses-proses hidup tanpa udara
b) air (water)
- Untuk mengawal suhu badan
- membantu dalam peredaran darah
- mengangkut makanan yang terhadam ke seluruh badan
- membantu dalam mengeluarkan bahan buangan
c) makanan (food)
- Haiwan memerlukan makanan untuk membantu dalam tumbesaran, mengekalkan kesihatan dan mendapatkan tenaga bagi menjalankan aktiviti
- terdiri daripada kumpulan karnivor, herbivor dan omnivor
d) tempat tinggal (shelter)
- haiwan memerlukan tempat berlindung untuk melindungi diri dan anaknya daripada bahaya, cahaya matahari dan hujan
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TEMPAT TINGGAL HAIWAN
Gua (cave)
Sarang (nest)
Lubang (hole)
Sangkar (Cage)
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Basic Needs Of Animals
Food
Shelter
Air
Water
To breathe
To protect from• danger• extreme weather• sun & rain
Give energyGrow
Stay healthy
Drinks
Grow
Stay healthy
1.2 Understanding that animals have basic needs
Types :• holes• cave• nest• beehive
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Keperluan Asas Tumbuhan
1. Air, udara dan cahaya matahari adalah keperluan asas bagi tumbuhan
2. Tumbuhan menyerap air dari tanah melalui akarnya3. Tumbuhan memerlukan air untuk:
a) membuat makanan semasa fotosintesisb) mengangkut makanan serta mineral ke tisu-tisu
tumbuhanc) mengekalkan kesegaran tisu-tisu tumbuhan
4. Tumbuhan memerlukan oksigen dari udara untuk pernafasan dan karbon dioksida untuk membuat makanan sendiri
5. Tumbuhan hijau memerlukan cahaya matahari untuk membuat makanannya sendiri melalui proses fotosintesis. Tumbuhan akan mati tanpa cahaya matahari.
6. Proses fotosintesis diterangkan seperti berikut:
Air + Karbon dioksida Glukos+ OksigenKlorofil+cahaya matahari
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Plants Have Basic Needs
Air SunlightWater
With :• grow healthy• grow well• not wilted
Without :• wilted• Turn yellow• Die
1.3 Understanding that plants have basic needs
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KEPERLUAN ASAS
MANUSIA HAIWAN TUMBUHAN
Air (water)
Udara (air)
Makanan (food)
Tempat tinggal (shelter)
Air (water)
Udara (air)
Makanan (food)
Tempat tinggal (shelter)
Udara (air)
Air (water)
Cahaya matahari (sunlight)
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Proses Hidup Manusia
1. Manusia bernafas (human breathe)
2. Manusia berkumuh dan bernyahtinja (human excrete and defecate)
3. Manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan ( human respond to stimuli)
4. Manusia membiak (human reproduce)
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Manusia bernafas (breathe)
1. Manusia memerlukan udara untuk bernafas2. Apabila kita menarik nafas (inhale), udara disedut
masuk melalui hidung atau mulut ke dalam paru-paru3. Udara sedutan mengandungi lebih oksigen dan kurang
karbon dioksida4. Penarikan nafas (inhalation) hidung atau mulut salur udara peparu
Mulut (mouth)
Peparu (lungs)
Salur udara (windpipe)
Hidung( nose)
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5. Apabila kita menghembus nafas (exhale), udara dihembus keluar dari paru-paru
6. Udara hembusan mengandungi kurang oksigen dan lebih karbon dioksida
7. Penghembusan nafas
Peparu salur udara hidung atau mulut
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Udara masuk
Udara keluar
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Manusia berkumuh(excrete) dan bernyahtinja(defecate)
1. Perkumuhan ialah proses penyingkiran hasil bahan buangan dari tubuh
2. Penyahtinjaan ialah proses pembuangan tinja dari tubuh3. Tinja ialah bahan makanan yang tidak hadam dan tidak dapat
digunakan oleh tubuh4. Manusia berkumuh dan bernyahtinja untuk menyingkirkan bahan
buangan daripada badan5. Apabila manusia berkumuh (excrete) organ yang terlibat ialah
kulit (skin), ginjal (kidneys) dan peparu (lungs).Mereka menghasilkan:a) air kencing (urine) – menggunakan ginjalb) peluh (sweat)- menggunakan kulitc) wap air dan karbon dioksida (water vapour and carbon dioxide)
- menggunakan paru-paru3 Apabila manusia bernyahtinja (defecate) mereka menghasilkan
a) najis (faeces)- usus
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Organ-organ perkumuhan
Air kencing (ginjal)
Peluh (kulit)
Wap air dan karbon dioksida (paru-paru)
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Manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan ( human respond to stimuli
1. Manusia bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan.
2. Jika seseorang secara tidak sengaja menyentuh cerek panas, dia akan serta merta menarik tangannya daripada cerek itu.
3. Gerak balas terhadap rangsangan membolehkan manusia melindungi diri daripada bahaya dan untuk kemandirian.
4. Manusia dapat mengesan dan bergerak balas dengan menggunakan lima organ deria kita iaitu:
Organ deria Fungsi
Kulit Bergerak balas terhadap panas, sejuk, basah dan kering
Mata Bergerak balas terhadap cahaya
Telinga Bergerak balas terhadap bunyi
Hidung Bergerak balas terhadap bau
Lidah Bergerak balas terhadap rasa seperti manis, masin, pahit, dan masam
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Manusia membiak (human reproduce)
1. Manusia membiak untuk menambah bilangannya dan memastikan spesies manusia kekal di Bumi
2. Manusia membiak dengan melahirkan anak3. Jika manusia tidak membiak, bilangannya akan berkurangan dan
manusia akan pupus satu hari nanti4. Proses pembiakan boleh ditunjukkan melalui salasilah keluarga
Datuk sebelah bapa
Adik KamuAbangKakak
Ibu
NenekSebelah ibu
Datuk Sebelah ibu
Nenek Sebelah bapa
Bapa
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2.1 Analysing life processes that humans undergo
Analysing Life Processes ThatHuman Undergo
Respond To Stimuli
Breathing
Reproduce
Organs
Inhale – take in air
Exhale – give out air
Nose/Mouth Wind-pipe Lungs
A process to producetheir young or offspring
Rate of breath
Number of chest movement In a period of time
Organs
Eyes - Sight
Nose - Smell
Tongue - Taste
Ears - Sound
Skin - Touch
Excrete Defecate
Lungs( Carbon dioxide+ water vapour )
Kidney ( urine + mineral salt )
Skin ( Sweat + mineral salt )
Faeces
Purpose :• avoid danger• avoid getting hurt• avoid getting injured• to survive
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Tabiat buruk yang mengancam proses hidup manusia
1. Sesetengah tabiat buruk manusia boleh mengancam proses hidupnya.
2. Contoh tabiat buruk manusia ialah:
a) merokok
b) mengambil dadah
c) meminum minuman keras
3. Semua tabiat ini boleh membahayakan proses hidup manusia
4. Jadual menunjukkan kesan dan tabiat buruk:
Tabiat buruk Kesan
Merokok •Merosakkan peparu
•Menyebabkan barah kerongkong dan peparu, asma dan
bronkitis
Mengambil dadah
dan minuman keras
•Menjadikan seseorang kurang peka atau lambat
bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan
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2.2 Being aware that certain behaviour can disturb life processes
Behaviour That Can DisturbLife Processes
Smoking Taking DrugDrinking Alcohol
Effects• Lung cancer• Coughing
Effects• Delay respond to stimuli• Lose ability to walk in straight line• Can cause accidents
How to avoid
Participate in a campaign
Discourage among their peers
Occupied time with beneficial activities
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Proses hidup haiwan
1. Haiwan melakukan proses hidup yang hampir sama dengan manusia
2. Proses hidup yang dilakukan oleh haiwan ialah:
a) berkumuh (excretion) dan bernyahtinja
(defecation)
b) bernafas (breathing)
c) membiak(reproduce)
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Haiwan berkumuh (excrete) dan bernyahtinja (defecate)
1. Haiwan berkumuh dan bernyahtinja untuk menyingkirkan bahan buangannya
2. Bahan buangan adalah bertoksik dan tidak boleh disimpan di dalam badan
3. Organ perkumuhan bagi haiwan termasuklah:a) peparub) ginjalc) insangd) kulit
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Haiwan bernafas (breathing)
1. Haiwan mempunyai struktur pernafasan yang berbeza-beza
2. Jadual menunjukkan struktur pernafasan yang berbeza bagi haiwan
Struktur Pernafasan Contoh haiwan
Peparu (lungs) Burung, kucing, lembu, buaya, katak, ikan paus
Struktur trakea (tracheal strucures)
Beluncas, belalang, rama-rama, lipas
Kulit lembab (moist skin)
Cacing, katak
Insang (gills) Ikan, udang, berudu
Buku peparu (lung books)
ketam
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Haiwan membiak (reproduce)
1.Haiwan membiak secara melahirkan anak (giving birth) atau bertelur (laying eggs) untuk menambah danmengekalkan kemandirian spesiesnya.
2. Contoh haiwan yang beranak ialah:a) kucingb) arnabc) kudad) harimau
3. Contoh haiwan yang bertelur ialah:a) katakb) lipasc) ayamd) penguine) rama-rama
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Kitar hidup haiwan ( Life cycles of animals)
1. Kitar hidup menunjukkan urutan peringkat yang dilalui haiwan ketika membesar
2. Haiwan yang berbeza mempunyai kitar hidup yang berbeza.
3. Haiwan mengalami perubahan dari segi saiz dan bentuk semasa peringkat yang berbeza dalam kitar hidupnya.
4. Sesetengah anak haiwan seperti anak itik, anak kucing dan anak ayam menyerupai ibunya
5. Anak rama-rama, anak katak dan anak nyamuk kelihatan sangat berbeza daripada ibunya.
6. Anak-anak haiwan ini mengalami perubahan sebelum kelihatan seperti ibunya.
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Telur/eggs
Berudu/tadpole
Anak katak/young frog
Katak/frog
KITAR HIDUP KATAK/ LIFE CYCLES OF FROG
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Telur /eggs
Anak ayam/ chick
Ayam/ hen
KITAR HIDUP AYAM/ LIFE CYCLES OF CHICKEN
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Kepompong/pupa
Rama-rama/butterfly
Telur/eggs
Ulat beluncas/caterpillar
KITA HIDUP RAMA-RAMA/ LIFE CYCLES OF BUTTERFLY
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2.3 Analysing the life processes that animals undergo
Animals Life Processes
BreathingExcrete Reproduce
Lay Eggs Give BirthOrgans
Lungs• monkey• bird• whale
Gills• fish• prawn
Lungs-book• crab
MoistSkin• frog• earthworm
TracheaStructure• insects
Defecate
To get rid of waste productfrom their bodies cat
tigerbatwhale
butterfly
bird
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Life Processes Of Plants ( Proses Hidup Tumbuhan)
1. Proses hidup yang dilakukan oleh tumbuhan termasuklah:a) bergerak balas terhadap rangsanganb) membiak
2. Bahagian tumbuhan yang berlainan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan yang berbeza untuk melindungi diri daripada bahaya atau untuk kemandiriannya.
3. Tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap rangsangan yang berikut:a) gravityb) airc) cahaya mataharid) sentuhan
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Akar tumbuhan bergerak balas terhadap air
1. Air disiram disebelah kiri pokok2. Selepas sebulan didapati akar pokok menghala ke kiri3. Ini kerana akar pokok bergerak balas terhadap air
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Akar tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap graviti
1. Pada asalnya akar tumbuhan tumbuh seperti biasa2. Selepas satu tempoh tertentu akar tumbuhan mula menuju ke bawah3. Ini menunjukkan akar bergerak balas terhadap graviti
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Pucuk tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap cahaya matahari
1. Asalnya anak pokok ditanam didalam pasu dan diletakkan di dalam Kotak gelap yang mempunyai lubang.
2. Selepas seminggu didapati pucuk anak pokok menghadap ke arah lubang3. Ini menunjukkan daun pokok bergerakbalas terhadap rangsangan Matahari
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Pokok bergerakbalas terhadap sentuhan
1. Pada asalnya pokok semalu hidup seperti biasa2. Apabila daun pokok semalu disentuh, ia tertutup.3. Ini menunjukkan tumbuhan bergerakbalas terhadap sentuhan
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Tumbuhan membiak1. Tumbuhan membiak untuk memastikan kemandirian spesiesnya.2. Jadual menunjukkan cara pembiakan tumbuhan
Cara Pembiakan Contoh Tumbuhan
Biji benih
(seeds)
Tumbuhan berbunga seperti betik, jagung, rambutan, durian, dan tembikai
Spora
(spores)
Tumbuhan tidak berbunga seperti paku-pakis, dan lumut
Daun
(Leaves)
Begonia, setawar
Keratan batang
(Stem cutting)
Ubi kayu, tebu, bunga raya, bunga ros
Anak pokok
(suckers)
Pisang, nanas. Buluh
Batang bawah tanah
(underground stems)
Kentang, halia, bawang
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Cara tumbuhan membiak
Batang bawah tanah(underground stems)
Daun (leaves)
Keratan batang(stem cutting)
Biji benih ( seeds)
Spora (spores)
Anak pokok(suckers)
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2.4 Life processes plants undergo
plants respond to stimuli.
water, sunlight, touch, gravity.
why plants need to reproduce
to ensure the survival of the species.
various ways plants reproducethrough…seeds, spores, suckers, stem cutting, leaves, underground stem.
what will happen to the world if
plants do not reproduce.
no food supply.
plants reproduce.
Seeds – balsam, corn, durianSpores – fern, mushroomSuckers – banana, pineappleStem cutting – hibiscus, rose, tapiocaLeaves – bryophyllum, begoniaStem – potato, onion, ginger and lily
the part of plant that responds
to touch.
the part of plant that responds
to sunlight.
Shoot
the part of plant that responds
to gravity.
Roots
the part of plant that responds to water
Roots
Science Year 4INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS2. Living Things Undergo Life Processes
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Haiwan melindungi diri daripada bahaya(Animals protect themselves from danger)
1. Haiwan memerlukan perlindungan untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh
2. Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas untuk melindungi diri daripada musuh.
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Ciri-ciri khas haiwan ( specific charcateristics)
1. Haiwan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas yang berlainan untuk melindungi dirinya daripada bahaya
2. Yang berikut ialah beberapa ciri-ciri khas haiwan haiwan
Ciri-ciri khas haiwan (specific characteristics of animals)
Contoh
Sisik keras (hard scales) Buaya, tenggiling, ular
Cangkerang keras (hard shells) Kerang, kura-kura, siput
Berduri (spines) Landak
Berbau busuk (bad smells) Skunk, lipas
Kebolehan mengubah warna dengan persekitaran (the ability to change colour to match surroundings/ meyamarkan diri (camouflage)
Sesumpah
Tanduk yang kuat dan tajam ( strong and sharp horns) Kerbau, gajah
Kaki panjang dan berotot ( long legs and strong muscles)
Kuda belang, kijang
Kuku yang tajam ( sharps claws) Helang, harimau
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Perlakuan khas haiwan ( Special Behaviour of Animals)
1. Sesetangah haiwan mempunyai perlakuan khas yang melindunginya daripada bahaya
2. Jadual menunjukkan perlakuan khas haiwan.
Perlakuan khas haiwan ( special behaviour of animals)
Contoh
Hidup berkumpulan (Living in groups) Kuda belang, gajah, seladang, serigala
Berpura-pura mati (pretending to be dead) Kumbang, ulat gonggok
Bersembunyi di lubang dalam tanah (Hiding in underground holes)
Arnab, tikus
Memutuskan ekornya (loses its tails) Cicak
Menggulungkan badan (curls up its body) Tenggiling, ulat gonggok
Menyemburkan dakwat hitam (squirts black ink)
sotong
Sengatan berbisa ( produces poisonous sting)
Kala jengking
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Special characteristics of animals that protect them from danger.
special behaviour of animals that protect them from danger.
The special characteristics and behaviour of animals help to protect them from danger.
3.1 animals have specific characteristics and behaviour to protect themselves
Thick and hard skinTo prevent their enemies from injuring
Hard shellSnails and tortoise retract their headAnd legs into the shell when the are
Attacked by enemies
Hard scalesPangolins and crocodiles have hard
scales To protect their bodies from injuries
SpinesRaise the sharp spines when
the enemies Advance towards them
Horns Use their horn to attack enemies.
Sharp clawsTo protect themselves and their
Young from the enemies- lion ,cat,Bears, and eagle.
Spray black inkDark surrounding helps the animal not
to been seen by enemies – e.g: octopus, squid
Poisonous sting or fangsCan hurt and kill enemies-e.g..: scorpion,
centipede snake , bee.
CamouflageHas body colour or patterns that that are
Similar to the surrounding
Pretend to deadTo trick their enemies –e.g.: beetle
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Perlindungan haiwan daripada cuaca melampau ( Protection of animals from extreme weather.
1. Sesetengah haiwan hidup di habitat yang mempunyai cuaca yang melampau seperti terlalu sejuk atau terlalu panas.
2. Haiwan yang tinggal di habitat seperti itu mempunyai ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas yang melindungi dirinya daripada cuaca melampau.
3. Kelakuan khas haiwan yang tinggal di kawasan cuaca sejuk
Ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas contoh
Berbulu tebal untuk mengekalkan suhu badan ( have thick fur to keep the body warm)
Beruang kutub, musang artik
Berhijrah ke wawan panas ( migrate to warmer regions
Angsa, flamingo, burung layang-layang
Mempunyai lapisan lemak yang tebal (have a thick layer of fat)
Anjing laut, penguin,
Berhibernasi (hibernate) Beruang, tikus.
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4. Habitat gurun sangat panas pada waktu siang dan sangat sejuk pada waktu malam5. Kelakuan khas haiwan yang tinggal di kawasan panas ialah
Ciri-ciri dan perlakuan khas Contoh
Mempunyai bonggol (have humps) Unta mempunyai bonggol dibelakangnya untuk menyimpan makanan dan air
Berkubang di dalam lumpur ( wallows in the mud)
Badak air berkubang di dalam lumpur untuk memastikan badannya sejuk semasa cuaca panas
Mempunyai telinga yang panjang (have long ears)
Arnab dan musang gurun mempunyai telinga yang panjang untuk membebaskan iaitu mengipas badannya ketika panas
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3.2/3.3
Animals have specific characteristics
and behaviour to protect themselves from
extreme weather and survive
how specific characteristics and behavior of animals help to protect them from very hot or cold weather.
specific characteristics and behavior of animals that protect
them from very hot and cold weather.
Hot weather Cold weather
Wrinkled SkinElephant ,hippopotamuses and buffaloes
lose body heat through wrinkled skins
WallowingElephant, hippopotamuses and buffaloes
keep their body cool by wallowing in mud holes
HumpsCamels store food and water in the form
Of fats in the humps on their back.
Thick FurPolar bears have thick fur to prevent the body
From losing heat to cold surroundings.
Fat Layers Under The SkinsPenguins, seals, and whales have fat layers under
their skin to keep their bodies warm
Small EarsSeals and Walruses have small ears to prevent
Heat loss from their bodies.
HibernatePolar bears hibernates during extreme cold
Weather
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Tumbuhan melindungi diri daripada bahaya(Plants protect themselves from danger)
1. Tumbuhan mempunyai ciri-ciri khas yang melindunginya daripada musuh seperti haiwan dan manusia
2. Berikut ialah ciri-ciri khas tumbuhan melindunginya daripada bahaya dan musuh
Ciri-ciri khas Contoh tumbuhan
Mempunyai kulit tebal ( hard bark) dan keras(thick) yang tidak mudah dimusnahkan
Kelapa, meranti
Mempunyai duri tajam (sharp thorns) pada batang, buah yang bolehmencederakan musuh yang cuba memusahkannya
Nenas, kaktus,semalu,ros
Mempunyai bulu halus (fine hairs) yang menyebabkan kegatalan kepada musuh yang menyentuhnya
buluh., labu, tebu
Mengeluarkan susu getah (latex) dari batang, daun atau buah untuk menghalangnya daripada dimakan
Getah, betik, nangka
Mengeluarkan bahan beracun( poisonous subtances) yang boleh membunuh musuh yang memakannya.
Cendawan, keladi
Daun yang menguncup (folding leaflets) Semalu
Mempunyai rasa yang teruk (have bad taste) peria
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3.4 Plants havespecific characteristics to protect
themselves from enemy
The specific characteristics of plants that protect them from enemies
How the specificcharacteristics of
plants help to protect them from enemies.
characteristics that protect plants.
Have thorns
poisonous Have fine hairs
Produces
latex
Close leaflets
when touch
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Perlindungan tumbuhan daripada cuaca yang melampau. (Protection of plans from extreme weather)
1. Tumbuhan yang tumbuh di habitat dengan cuaca yang melampau mempunyai ciri-ciri khas untuk melindunginya.
2. Jadual menunjukkan bagaimana haiwan melindungi diri daripada cuaca melampau
Keadaan cuaca Bagaimana tumbuhan menyesuaikan diri
Mempunyai daun berbentuk jarum seperti kaktus
Panas dan Mempunyai batang yang tebal dan lembut untuk menyimpan air- kaktus
kering Akar yang panjang untuk menyerap air jauh dlam tanah seperti kaktus
Meluruhkan daun semasa musim panas sperti getah
Daun yang berpecah-pecah untuk mengelakkanya rosak seperti kelapa
Angin kencang Daun beberntuk jarum untuk mudah angin kencang bergerak- pokok ru
Batang yang mudah lentur untuk elakkan patah seperti buluh
Akar banir mengelakkan tercabut ketika anging seperti pokok bakau
Sejuk/salji Berbentuk kon bagi memudahkan salji jatuh seperti pokok konifer
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3.5 Plants have specific characteristics to
protect themselves from dry region and
strong wind
strong winddry region
Eg : cactus.
a. Long roots to absorb waterb. Succulent stem can store waterc. Thorn can can prevent the excessive loss of water
Eg: Coconut tree, bamboo tree, mangrove tree
a. Have stems that bend easily b. Have buttress rootsc. Have separated leavesd. Needle- shaped leaves
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INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
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Pengukuran ( measurements)
Panjang (length) Luas (area)
IsipaduPanjang (length)
Panjang (length) Panjang (length)
cecair pepejal
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Volume
MEASUREMENT1.1 Length
1.2 Area
1.5 Mass
1.6 Time
1.7 Standard units
1.3 Solid1.4 Liquid
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1.1Length
Terminology
- The distance between two points/place/position
Ways to measure
Measuring tape
Cubit
Arm spanString
Ruler
Standard Tools
Measuring tape Ruler
Unit
mm cm m km
Correct technique
- The eye must be directly above the end of object
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1.2 Area
- Area is the amount of Space taken up by the surface of an object.
Terminology
- Using square card with a sides of 1 centimetre
Standard unit
- Square millimetre (mm2)- Square centimetre (cm2)- Square metre (m2)- Square kilometre (km2)
- Using formula
Area = length X width1cm
1cm
Different ways to measure area
2cm
4cm
= 4cm X 2 cm = 8cm2
3cm
3cm
- by placing uniform objects such as tiles, books and stamps on the surface of the objects
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Volume
Terminology
The amount of space thatsomething takes up
1.3 Solid
1.4 LiquidFormula
Length x width x height
Standard Units
mm3, cm3, m3
Tools
Standard Units
measuringcylinder
ml, lCorrect technique
a) taking the reading at the lowest part of the meniscus.b) eyes must be at the same level as the lowest part of the meniscus
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1.5 Mass
Terminology
- Amount of matter in an object
Tools
Electronic balance
Simple balance
Beam balance
Kitchen scale
Bathroom scale
Lever balance
Standard unit
mg g kg
Correct technique
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1.6 TimeTerminology
- Duration between two event
Way to measure
- Sundial , sand clock , candle clock
Process that repeats uniformly can be used to measure time
-Swinging pendulum
-Pulse rate candle
-water dripping
-Changing day and night
Tool
Standard unit
- Second , minute , hour
- Digital clock , watch , wrist watch , clock
Old clock
Events can be used measuring time
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1.7 The Importance of Standard Units
- for accuracy and consistency
- easy to communicate and understanding
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Investigating Materials
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1.1 The properties of materials
Insulator
Float on water
Conduct electricity
metal
conduct heatSink in water
Light to pass through
Can be stretch
wood
stone rubber ring
glass carbon plastics
metalwood
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1.2Applying knowledge
properties of materials in everyday life
Suggest ways to keep things hot
Covered with insulators
Suggest ways to keep things cold
hot thing cold thing
To prevent heat loss
prevent fromabsorbing heat
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1.3 Uses of
materials based on their properties
List of object and materials that they
are made of
object materials properties
spoon metal hard
tissue wood Soft
glasses glass transparent
Reason why particular materials are used to
make an object
cheap
easy to get
strength
good quality
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naturalmaterials
Man-madematerials
wood metal
rubber
cotton plastics synthetic cloth
glass
State that man-made materials comes from natural materials
reducing reusing recycling
public transport plastic bag bottle plastics glass
1.4The importance of
reuse, reduce and recycle of materials
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RUSTING CAN BE PREVENTED
DIFFERENT WAYS TO PREVENT OBJECTS FROM
RUSTING
Coating with non rusting materials
*paint
*oil
*grease
THE NECESSARY TO
PREVENT RUSTING
*Everlasting Live
*Save Natural
material
*Save Cost
*Looking good
1.6
*Conclusion; Rusting can be avoided by preventing iron contact with air and water.
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UNDERSTANDING THAT SOME
MATERIALS CAN BE RUST
RUSTY OBJECTS NON RUSTY OBJECTS
OBJECT MADE OFIRON AND STEEL
OBJECT MADE OF GLASS PLASTIC,
WOOD, CLAY AND SILK
*Nail*Spoon*Knife
*Needle
*Glass*Bottle*Cup
*Pencil
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INVESTIGATING THE EARTH
AND THE UNIVERSE
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1.1The solar system
List of constituents
List of planets
Planets move around
the Sun
-Nine Planets-Natural satellites-Meteors-Comets-Asteroids
Mercury – MyVenus – VeryEarth – ExcellentMars – MotherJupiter – JustSaturn – ServedUranus – UsNeptune – NinePluto – Pudding
THE SOLAR
SYSTEM
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1.2 The relative size and distance between
the Earth, the Moon and the Sun
Size of the Sunrelative to the size
of the Earth.
Size of the Earthrelative to the size
of the Moon.
The relative distance fromthe Earth to the Sun comparedto the relative distance from the
Earth to the Moon.
the Sun
1
the Earth
100
the Earth
1
the Moon
4
the Sun
the Earth the Moon
150 000 000 km 382 500 km
1 : 400
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1.3Appreciating the perfect placement
of the planet Earth in theSolar System
Why certain planetsare not conducive
for living things.EFFECTThe Earth is
the only planet in the Solar System that has living things.
•The nearer a planet to the Sun is, the hotter is the surface of the planet .•The farther a planet from the Sun is, the colder is the surface of the planet.•Do not have enough air and water.
•Earth is the third planet from the Sun, it receives enough light and heat from the Sun.•It is not too hot or too cold.•The atmosphere of the Earth contains air and there is water on Earth.
Much nearer : •The temperature on the Earth would rise.•Water on Earth would evaporate.•No water and the temperature would be very hot.Much farther :•The temperature on the Earth would drop.•Water would freeze into ice.•All living things would die.
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INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
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1.1.Understanding the importance of technology in everyday life
Limitation of human abilityExamples of human limitations are
• Unable to see fine objects•Unable to speak loud
•Unable to walk for long distance•Unable to see far away objects
Devices to overcome human limitation
Microscope- The usage of lens to see fine
features of objects and microbes Microphone
-To increase the voice volumeTelephone
-To communicate from long distanceBicycle, motorcycle, airplanes
-Can travel long distance in a shorter time
Telescope, binocular- To see far away objects
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TECHNOLOGY
1.2 Understanding The
Development Of Technology
Agriculture
e.g.:
hoe plough tractor
combine harvesterTransportation
Land: Animal bicycle car train
Air: hot air balloon airship glider aeroplane
Water: canoe raft sampan ferry
ship
Communication
Drawing carrier pigeon
Telephone
Construction
Cave hut wooden house apartment
Examples
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Problems theyencounter in their daily life
TECHNOLOGY
Ideas to solvethe problems identified
Device to solvethe problem identified.
Demonstrate that device invented can be used to
solve the problem identified
1.3 Synthesising
how technology can be used to solve problems
Cannot move and lift heavy thing
Cannot move farther
Sketch the model
Brain storming
lever
wheelbarrow
Pulley – can lift everything Wheel barrow – can move heavy thing easily
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1.4 Analysing That Technology Can Benefit Mankind If Used Wisely
Advantages of Technology Disadvantages of Technology
•CommunicationEnable human to learn more about things happening around the world
•TransportationEnable human to travel
far away places in shorter time•Agriculture
Machines make it easier to plants and harvest their crops
•ConstructionRoads, highways, bridges and
building is easier and faster to build
Environmental pollution from increase In waste materials
Environmental destruction result fromexcessive usage of natural resources
Social problem
Bad effects on health result from environmental pollution and excessive
use of chemicals