유해물질과 질병의 연관성 분석을 통한 인정범위 확대방안...

2016 . ( 11-1492000-000422-01 )

2016. 12.

: :

.

2016. 12.

i

I. 1

1. 1

2. 6

II. 13

1. 13

2. 15

3. 17

III. 20

1. 20

2. 47

3. 71

4. B C 94

IV. 105

V. 117

1 : 150

ii

1. 3 2

2. 24

3. 27

4. 31

5. IARC 32

6. 37

7. 42

8. 48

9. 62

10. 2004-2008 83

11. 2004-2008 83

12. , (2004-2008) 84

13. 86

iii

1. 12

2. 25

I. 1

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2014 ( )

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I. 7

- 7 -

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2016 ( )

B C ,

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IARC monograph

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II. 13

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II.

1.

13. 6.

(: ) 16

1 .

13 , , , ,

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() .

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(10) .

.

.

,

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Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine

14

- 14 -

.

2014

,

.

.

2015

.

2015 ,

. 2014

.

. 2016

.

II. 15

- 15 -

2.

2016

13 ( ).

: ( , ) : ( , ) ( , )

( , )

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16

- 16 -

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5 : , , 67 : 8 19 : 1 10 27 : 2 11 4 : 12 7 : 3

II. 17

- 17 -

3.

1) (Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH)

2016

,

,

.

.

.

2)

2016

.

,

.

.

,

.

18

- 18 -

3)

2016

,

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.

.

4) B C

2016

,

,

B

C .

,

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II. 19

- 19 -

.

20

- 20 -

III.

1.

1)

,

. ,

.

, .

3

,

.

.

,

.

2)

2

III. 21

- 21 -

. ,

,

. (lipophilic property)

.

, , ,

.

, .

, , , , ,

. 1-hydroxypyrene,

. ACGIH

1-hydroxypyrene

.

22 28.

3)

,

(fossil fuel) .

, .

(creosote)

(a)(benzo(a)pyrene)

. , ,

.

.

22

- 22 -

.

.

, , , , ,

, , 8 .

,

,

, .

.

,

.

(Coal gasification)

3

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.

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. ()

. , ,

III. 23

- 23 -

, .

, , , , , ,

, , .

(Coke production) (Coal-tar distillation)

,

. (coal carbonization)

.

1300C . , ,

.

.

, .

,

, , , , , , ,

.

24

- 24 -

(%)

(H2)

(CH4)

(CO)

(CO2)

(N2)

(O2)

(NH3)

(H2S)

(NH4Cl)

, ,

(CS2)

48-55

28-30

5.0-7.5

1.5-2.5

1.0-3.0

2.5-4.0

0.0-0.5

2.

. , ,

,

. .

.

400C

III. 25

- 25 -

. (chemical oil) (creosote)

. () ,

50% .

, 20-30

.

3.

(Creosote)

,

85%, 2-17% . 19

, , , ,

,

.

26

- 26 -

(Carbon electrode manufacture)

(graphite)

.

, ,

,

.

(Roofing and paving)

(roofing)

.

(bitumen) .

.

. 1965

.

.

. , ,

, , , , ,

.

3 .

III. 27

- 27 -

PAH

(/g)

(/g)

(ppm)

(ppm)

Phenanthrene

Anthracene

Fluoranthene

Pyrene

Chrysene

Perylene

Benzo[a]anthrancene

Benzo[a]fluoranthene

Benzo[a]pyrene

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene

Anthanthrene

Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene

Coronene

0.32-7.3

0.01-0.32

0.1-0.72

0.17-1.5

0.8-3.9

0.04-3.9

0.14-1.1

ND-2.2

0.22-1.8

1.2-5.7

ND-0.11

ND-0.6

ND-0.4

19850-25700

4600-7310

29000-36000

21300-27200

11200-22670

2770-3500

20400-24510

5250-6010

11360-15170

3430-3530

1231-1728

127-164

ND-120

107-842

3.6-2.2

13-32

15-134

33-157

1.7-15

12-40

ND-2.6

2.9-8.5

6.0-15

ND

ND0.5ND-11

2.0-2.5105

0.56-0.76105

0.76-0.92105

0.44-0.55105

0.056-0.11105

119-456

0.059-0.12105

377-1216

553-2022

34-200

9-69

ND-0.6

ND

ND: not detected, below the limit of detection

PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

3.

(Aluminium production)

(eletolysis cell)

, (baked carbon)

. (cathod block) ,

.

28

- 28 -

, (Sderberg anode)

. (steel

casing) .

(Chimney sweeps and other exposures to soot)

,

,

. , , , ,

.

.

60% ,

.

.

.

, , , , ,

, , 8 .

,

III. 29

- 29 -

(Integrated gasification combined cycle, IGCC) .

,

. ,

.

,

.

,

.

1980

1990

, .

,

.

2002 4 10

,

3.44 ./m3

.

50 PAHs ,

34.37/ (15.5996.41/).

30

- 30 -

(2005) 107

120.17/

, 16

naphthalene , acenaphthene, phenanthrene

. (2005)

210250

44 ,

17.5/ (2.6148.4 /), 526.5 /

(112.16311.3/).

24 ,

25.65/,

2.85ng/ (, 2009).

10 .

,

. 130 ng/

,

200 ng/ . 1-50 ng/,

(c,d) 100 ng/ .

20 ng/ , 110ng/

, 310ng/ .

III. 31

- 31 -

Ambient PAHsTotal PAHsNaphthaleneAcenaphthyleneFluorene, AcenaphthenePhenanthreneAnthraceneFluoranthenePyreneBenz(a)anthraceneChryseneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(k)fluorantheneBenzo(a)pyreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneDibenz(a,h)anthraceneBenzo(ghi)perylene

3.44 (2.31)1.60 (2.12)1.08 (2.53)0.06 (5.22)0.25 (2.20)0.10 (2.77)0.39 (2.46)0.49

0.03 (2.95)0.04 (2.47)0.02 (5.07)0.03 (1.87)0.07 (2.36)0.01 (3.07)ND

0.01 (1.75)0.19 (2.88)

0.13 (1.84)0.13 (1.84)NDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDNDND

0.70 (1.91)

4. (GM(GSD), ./m3)

4)

.

32

- 32 -

/

Group 1 (coal gasification) (coke production) (Coal-tar distillation) (Chimney sweep) (Coal-tar pitch) (Paving and Roofing) (Aluminium production) (a)(Benzo(a)pyrene)

, ,

,

Group 2A (Coal-tar pitch) (Paving and Roofing) (Carbon electrode manufacture) (Creosote)cyclopenta[cd]pyrene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene,dibenzo[a,l]pyrene

,

5. IARC

5)

(2000-2014)

28,

1.

3.

2009 . 1987

25 , 2004 4

.

2011 . 1979 30

, C

.

2012 . 1988 23

,

III. 33

- 33 -

23 .

3 , 1 (50), 2

. 3 , 49, 51, 59.

,

, . 25, 23, 30.

(2009)

J 25 2009 5

() 4 . J

, ,

. .

J A 1987 7

, , 4 A

.

MSDS , 2004 4

, MSDS

1996 A , [a]

, .

,

. 2001

(PAH) ,

PAH

34

- 34 -

.

J 25

( ), 6

, ,

49

,

, J

.

(2011)

1979 2009 30

. 2010 2011

. 2000

17 , 10

50 .

, 2( 5 )

Q.T(Quenching and tempering), NOR(normailizing),

ISO(Isoannealing) 3 . panel

, . 90 C

LPG 97

LNG .

III. 35

- 35 -

.

.

C ,

.

(2012)

1988 2011

, , . 2011

, CT

. .

1988 2011 23

, , . PAH

1988 6 23 ,

.

1988 2011 23

36

- 36 -

, , .

1988 6 23

,

. ,

.

28 .

III. 37

- 37 -

/ /

2000 /58

10

2001 /58 4 30

2001 /40 , ,

13 ,

2004 /48 , 15

2005 /37 , /

11 15 ,

2005 /57

30 20

2006 /35 4

2007 /53 8 ,

2008 /45 14 6

2008 /53 7 30

2008 /50 ,

27 11

2008 /31 , ,

5.5 ,

6.

38

- 38 -

/ /

2008 /33

6.5 , EBV . .

2009 /50

17 25

2009 /49

25 ,

2009 /54 , 30 10 ,, ,

2009 /50

13 ,

2009 /61 13 15 , , .

2010 /62 40 10 ,

2010 /48

11 23 ,

, PAH

III. 39

- 39 -

/ /

2010 /49

7 20

, PAH ,

2010 /71 , , ,

38 ,

2011 /59 ()

31 50

2011 /49 , 31 5 ,

2011 /49 ()

31 23 ,

, , PAH , ()

2012 /51 , ,

23

2012 /47

, ,

10

40

- 40 -

/ /

2013 /45 (1), , ,

18 1 , PAH

2012 /41 18 PAH (a) PAH

III. 41

- 41 -

6)

,

, , 10

, , ,

10 , , ,

10

.

100 benzo(a)pyrene-years (/myears)

.

42

- 42 -

20( 10)

, , , , , .

30( 10)

,,

(Sderberg) , ,

/ / , ,

30( 10)

,

(Sderberg) , ,

, ,

1985

7.

(Occupational disease 4113) :

100 benzo(a)pyrene-years (/m

years)

III. 43

- 43 -

7)

3

.

.

. (10 )

.

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44

- 44 -

.

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III. 45

- 45 -

. (10 )

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2)

,

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.

46

- 46 -

, 1990 , 1990

.

.

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.

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,

.

, group 1

. 3

,

.

.

III. 47

- 47 -

2.

1)

. , ,

(Hevea brasiliensis)

, (latex) .

. 1920

(synthetic rubber)

.

,

.

1) , 2) , 3) , 4) , 5)

, 6) , 7) (Table 1).

(inhalation) (rubber

fume) .

(rubber fume),

N-nitrosamine, PAHs, phthalates, solvents .

48

- 48 -

(Raw material handling, weighing and mixing)

airborne dust

(Milling) (uncured rubber compound) (milling machine)

heat, rubber fume

(extrusion) (calendering)

- (die)

- (calender)

rubber fume

(component assembly and building)

solvent(inhalation or skin contact)

(curing) (vulcanizing)

heat, rubber fume

(inspection and finishing)

heat, rubber fume

(Storage and dispatch)

8.

, , lymphoma, , , , ,

. N-nitrosamine

, PAHs , ,

.

.

20062007

,

.

III. 49

- 49 -

. (rubber

industry) (International Agency for Research on Cancer,

IARC) 1 (group 1) ,

.

.

,

.

50

- 50 -

2)

(HSE)

.

,

.

.

(Health and Safety Executive, HSE)

(cyclohexane soluble material) .

.

,

, , ,

.

(milling),

(extrusion), (calendering), (curing), (vulcanizing), (inspection

and finishing) , (vulcanizing)

. ,

.

III. 51

- 51 -

3)

.

.

(HS Code) 40 (40) , , ,

, , , , ,

, , , , ,

, . 2013

2015 2013 3,084,129,

8,321,428, 2015 2,459,301, 6,842,040

.

2014

17,279, 5 8,205, 5

9,074 .

52

- 52 -

.

, .

.

, ,

, , .

(Mastication, )

, (plasticator)

, .

()

(open roll), (Banbary)

,

.

III. 53

- 53 -

, ,

.

(cord)

. .

(Topping)

, 3

4

.

(friction)

.

54

- 54 -

.

(insulation) (pocket)

.

0.3mm

,

.

(pocket)

2

.

(bead)

(rim)

, .

0.95mm

III. 55

- 55 -

(ply)

.

,

, .

()

.

Autoclave

Press, Bag-o-matic

(bladder)

B.O.M press

.

.

: , , ,

:

56

- 56 -

:

1 :

2 : 2

: 1, 2

:

.

2006

9(

4, ), 6

() , 3

1 0.529-1.871 , 2

0.766-1.551 , 3 1.181-1.803 ,

1.400-2.061 , 1.207-1.670 ,

0.334-3.886 .

120

0.411 (0.020-22.594), 0.111

(0.010-4.699).

NIOSH Method 0500

(Health and Safety Executive, HSE) MDHS(Method

for the Determination of Hazardous Substance) 47/2 .

III. 57

- 57 -

2008 3

()

0.6 , 2008 10

2009 3

0.086 0.179

.

,

.

58

- 58 -

4)

(rubber fume)

, (sufficient evidence)

, (IARC) 1

. , , , (

), (sufficient evidence), , ,

(limited evidence) . ,

, .

rat

, Salmonella typhimurium

.

,

.

. (bladder cancer)

, 1982

(IARC) (sufficient

evidence) 1 (group 1) .

III. 59

- 59 -

, 2012 monograph 100F-36

(sufficient

evidence) .

,

.

. (leukemia)

(IARC) 1982 monograph 28, 2012 monograph 100F-36

(sufficient evidence)

.

.

. (stomach cancer)

(IARC) 1982 monograph 28, 2012 monograph 100F-36


.

,

.

60

- 60 -

.

.

. (malignant lymphoma, included multiple myeloma)

(IARC) 1982 monograph 28

(limited evidence)

2012 monograph 100F-36

(sufficient evidence) .


. ( )

.

. (lung cancer)

(IARC) 1982 monograph 28

(suggestive evidence)

2012 monograph 100F-36

(sufficient evidence) .

, (miling), (curing),

(vulcanizing)

III. 61

- 61 -

.

.

. (prostate cancer), (esophageal cancer), (larynx

cancer)

(IARC) 2012 monograph 100F-36

, (limited evidence)

.

.

5)

2000-2015 2005

, , , , , ,

13 , 4

. 4 3 , 1 .

.

62

- 62 -

, () ()

2005 45

(, , , , , )

OO .

PAH,

13 813 8

6

2007 47

3 ,11

(, , )

OO 14

14 14 -

2009 47

(2),

(13)

15

(0.627 mg/m3) 0.6 mg/m3

15 15 -

2012 47

,

,

10 OO

,

PAHs

10 10 -

9.

III. 63

- 63 -

, () ()

2006 53

-

6 10

, , PAH

6 106

1030

2008 31

(8), (7),

(3 4)

5 6

PAH, ,

(

0.6 mg/m3 )

4 7 5 62.5-8

2008 48

11 9

, ,

11 911 9

2008 44

GIP (2

6) (5)

GIP

, ,

7 6 1320

64

- 64 -

, () ()

2009 50

(10 )

, (12)

22

( )

( 0.6 mg/m3

)

22 22 20

2009 59

GIP(1-2),

14 4

, ,

14 414 4

30

2010 48

11

4 , PAH,

3

11 11 40

2011 49

2 11, 9 9, 6

6, 11 7

30

, , , PAH,

,

30 3015-30

III. 65

- 65 -

, () ()

2012 53

23 , 4

27

, , PAH, , 1,3-,

27 27 -

66

- 66 -

6)

,

.

,

.

.

2005 (the

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health; COSHH) the Carcinogens

Approved Code of Practice (carcinogen) .

(MEL) 8

0.6 , 6.0 . 1987

0.75 1991 0.6 .

1987 8.0 1995 6.0

. 2005 (WEL)

6.0 , 0.6 .

.

ACGIH (Association Advancing Occupational and Environmental

Health), NIOSH (CDC - The National Institute for Occupational Safety and

III. 67

- 67 -

Health) AIHA (American Industrial Hygiene Association), MAK

(Maximum Allowable Concentration), JSOH (Japan Society of

Occupational Health), OEL (Occupational Exposure

Limits)

.

7)

(IARC) 1 ,

, , , ( ),

, , ,

. (NTP),

(EPA), (ACGIH)

,

.

,

,

.

8)

.

68

- 68 -

.

, , , ( ),

, , ( ),

.

, , ,

.

,

.

.

, ,

.

.

III. 69

- 69 -


, , , ( ), ,

(limited evidence) , ,

. , , ( ),

.

,

, ,

.

2000

,

.

,

.

Sorahan, Carreon

20 .

70

- 70 -

, Sathiakumar

10

.

Vlaanderen 30

.

.

(genotoxic effect)

.

(weighing and mixing), (milling) , (curing) (vulcanizing)

,

.

III. 71

- 71 -

3.

. 2

. 2013

.

, .

.

,

.

1)

. IARC

, DNA

-

,

(Group 1) . ACGIH A2

. US EPA (Probable human carcinogen)

.

72

- 72 -

14

.

.

. 2008 IARC1)

.

(NIOSH) (food spices)

14 18000

.2)3)

,

.

, IARC

.

NIOSH

.

.

.

. NIOSH

1) IARC (2008). 1,3-Butadiene, ethylene oxide and vinyl halides (vinyl fluoride, vinyl chloride and vinylbromide). IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum, 97:1.510. PMID: 20232717.

2) Steenland K, Stayner L, Greife A et al. (1991). Mortality among workers exposed to ethylene oxide.N Engl J Med, 324: 1402.1407. PMID:2020295

3) Stayner L, Steenland K, Greife A et al. (1993). Exposure response analysis of cancer mortality in acohort of workers exposed to ethylene oxide. Am J Epidemiol, 138: 787.798. PMID:8237967

III. 73

- 73 -

.

-

.

.

.

2)

2008 IARC , ,

, 1

.

IARC(2008) (, , ,

)

.

. (, , )

IARC

14

. 10

74

- 74 -

1999 . 2

.

. 2008 IARC

(NIOSH)

14 18,000

. ,

.

. IARC 2008

.

.

.

.

2008 IARC 4

. NIOSH

.

III. 75

- 75 -

3 NIOSH

.

60% .

NIOSH

.

- . 1

.

.

. ,

(IARC 2008).

3)

ACGIH 8 1.0 ppm ,

NIOSH 5 ppm 10 8 0.1

ppm . OHSA 1984 TLV-TWA 1 ppm

, 1992 1 ppm

76

- 76 -

.

4)

IARC(1994)

(> 8,500 ppm-days)

( 124; 95% CI, 66-213;

13). 1 ppm(1.8 mg/m3) 45 ,

rate ratio 1.2 .

526,212 1.37-2.77

ppm 40

0.0004 .

NIOSH

(> 11,620 ppmdays, 15-year lag, OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.123.10)

5)

10

.

III. 77

- 77 -

6)

78

- 78 -

.

, , , ,

, , , , , , , , , , ,

.

4).

, ,

, , , , , 1,2-

, , , ,

,

.

4) Considine, G. D. et al., "ETHYLENE OXIDE", Van Nostrand's encyclopedia of chemistry, 5th edition,Hoboken: Wiley-Interscience, 2005, p. 590.

III. 79

- 79 -

1 .

, ,

. , , , ,

, ,

, . ,

.

. ,

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.

()

,

,

.

.

.

()

.

.

80

- 80 -

5) ()

()

.

.

()

6), (5~6) 160~170, 15~21

. ,

, 7).

.

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()

(: )

5) 200400 , 600 , 1000 , 3000 . 4400 ( ). . AlZnMg , .

6) , , . (distillation) . . .

7) -, ( 9~10%, 2~3%), , .

III. 81

- 81 -

8).

.

()

(PAG) ()

,

.

, , 9).

.

( 10))()

.

.

11)(Acrylonitrile, AN)

8) . 0 , -20 .

9) . - . .

10) , , . .

11) (, ) (NBR), ABS,AS, , , , , .

82

- 82 -

, .

,

.

12)()

-

,

.13)

,

.

.

.

1 ppm

3.04 ppm ,

11.4 ppm 14)15).

12) 5ppm 1ppm . , .

13) , , , , , . , , , . . , ( , 1995; Hori,2002).

III. 83

- 83 -

2004-2008 2

.

[ 10] .

: . . . 2010

[ 11]

. ND

, ,

, . ND DB

[ 12]16).

14) Jeong MH, Lee YW. Hematologic Effects in Workers Exposed to Ethylene Oxide. J Korean PublicHealth Assoc 1997; 23: 117-127.

15) Seo SO, Paik NW. A Study on Worker Exposure to Ethylene Oxide in Central Sterilizing Room ofHospital. Korean Indust Hygiene Assoc J 1995; 5: 68-86.

16) . . . 2010

2004 0/16(0%)

2005 87/350(24.9%

11. 2004-2008

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 5

162 27 59 213 266 294

/

/86 27 37 178 259 294

+ 3 - 1 8 10 11

, 7 - - 8 11 18

1 - - 5 9 10

259 54 97 412 555 627

10. 2004-2008

84

- 84 -

: : ( ) : 87(2005), 317(2006), 450(2007),

618(2008) : 2( 13)

[ 12] . 3,537

17(0.48%) (-1.54ppm; range 1-18.2 ppm).

2007-2008

8hr-TWA

, 8 (1 ppm) 18

.

1 ppm

3.04 ppm ,

11.4 ppm .

, ,

.

1995 17)

2006 317/810(39.1%)

2007 450/1188(37.9%)

2008 618/1173(52.7%)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

16 226 546 772(9) 720(9)

// - 90 234 374 398

+ - 9 11 15 23

, - 1 - 2 3

- - - 1 1

12. , (2004-2008)

III. 85

- 85 -

5

0.177ppm,

0.038ppm, 0.363ppm,

0.676ppm TWA >0.005ppm~3.036ppm,

>0.005ppm~0.419ppm .

(15) (STEL)

0.005~11.4ppm .

1997 18) 4

34 (TWA) 0.72ppm

0.75, 9 TLV-TWA 1ppm .

1998 19) 4

TLV-TWA 0.000-1.900 ppm

. 1998 20) 4 27

TLV-TWA 0.63ppm

0.82 1ppm 6 (22%). 2002 21)

EO

~0.577ppm, 1 OSHA

5ppm . 2008 22)

12kg/ 1~1 30

. 2

17) , . Ethylene Oxide . 1995; 5(1)

18) , . Ethylene Oxide . 1997; 23(2), 117-12719) . Ethyoene Oxide .

1998;10(4):428-43720) . Ethylene oxide . 1998;10(3):301-30921) . . [] . 200222) , , , . .

. 2008;34(1), 68-79

86

- 86 -

TLV-TWA 0.38ppm,

0.01ppm . 2010

23) 2004

2008 DB

ND 2004 0% 2005 24.9%, 2006 39.1%, 2007

37.9%, 2008 52.7% ,

. DB

3,537 17(0.48%) ( - 1.54ppm

; range 1-18.2ppm) , ND

0.027ppm(n=2351) . ND

2007-2008

(ND 1,314, 1,293 ) .

least squared means

0.021ppm 0.055ppm

. 5

. TWA 0.002(0.0002-0.0708)ppm,

TWA 0.01(0.0002- 0.7258) ppm, STEL 0.2(0.0036-59.2478)ppm

. [ 11] .

23) , , , , , . . 2010

()

1 9 9 5

5

5 0.177 (>0.005-0.848)

2 0.038 (>0.005-0.291)

3 0.363 (>0.005-8.692)

4 0.676 (0.240-4.077)

TWA

5 0.078 (>0.005-3.036)

? 0.031 (>0.005-0.419)

13. ( : ppm)

III. 87

- 87 -

* , , , , , , ,

*

, , ,

7)

. EO

2011 7 () '

' 24).

STEL

5 1.2 (0.005-11.4)

1 9 9 7

4

TWA 34 0.720.75 (0.12-1.23)

1 9 9 8

, 4

TWA

A 3 0.724 (0.099-1.900)

B 3 0.002 (0.000-0.005)

C 3 0.020 (0.005-0.036)

D 2 1.022 (0.266-1.778)

1 9 9 8

4

TWA 27 0.630.82

2 0 0 2

TWA ? N.D-0.577

2 0 0 8

1 TWA

2 0.380 (0.345-0.419)

TWA

2 0.01 (0.002-0.075)

2 0 1 0

2004-2008 DB

TWA*()

17 1.54(1-18.2)

2007-2008 DB

TWA

1293

0.055(95% CI 0.042-0.072)

0.021(95% CI 0.018-0.024)

5

TWA

171 0.002(0.0002-0.0708)

91 0.0458 0.01(0.0002-0.7258)

STEL 20 0.2(0.0036-59.2478)

88

- 88 -

. 1988 22

.

.

.

1 ,

.

(IARC) 1 ,

.

. 2009

( ) ,

. "

" "

" .

.

2005 2014 OO

, , . 2014 6

24) . (EO) , , 2011.07.29http://www.labortoday.co.kr/news/view.asp?arId=105571
http://www.labortoday.co.kr/news/view.asp?arId=105571

III. 89

- 89 -

OO ,

2014 7 9

, 2014 7 11 .

2015 5 14

2015 5 25 . 10

(Ethylene oxide, EO)

2015 7 2

.

OO 3

. 2005 1 28

2014 8 1 9 6 OO .

.

OO 2005 1 28 2014

8 1 9 6 OO ,

,

. 9~18, 9~13.

,

.

, , ,

.

() OO

90

- 90 -

, .

2015 0.36ppm

,

0.355ppm X 9.5=3.373ppm-year.

. 2015 ( 0.0151-0.1ppm,

0.049ppm) 0.049ppm X

9.5year=0.466ppm-year(932 ppm-hr) .

9.5

(4.8~33.6mSv) X 9.5=45.6 mSv( )~319.2mSv (

) .

OO 10

.

.

OO

, 10

.

.

8)

III. 91

- 91 -

2013 [ 3]

(343 ) 10. .

.

.

,

. .

2013

.

.

,

.

: , ,

.

92

- 92 -

10

.

- 2

.

.

.

.

ACGIH 8 1.0 ppm ,



, 1992 1 ppm

.

IARC(1994)

III. 93

- 93 -

(> 8,500 ppm-days)

(SMR 124; 95% CI, 66-213; 13). ,

NIOSH (2004)

>13,500 ppm-days 3.76(1.03-13.64)

(p-trend = 0.13). 1 ppm(1.8 mg/m3) 45

, rate ratio 1.2

. 526,212

1.37-2.77 ppm 40

0.0004 .

NIOSH


. ,

. ,

.

94

- 94 -

4. B C

1)

2013 7

.

, ,

. IARC 1

B (HBV) C (HCV)

.

2)

HBV B

.

1~5% . HBV

.

HBV

, 90%, 50%, 20%,

5% . HBV 3~10%

, HBV e 22~31% .

HCV ,

. C 70~80%

III. 95

- 95 -

C 20% 5~10%

. HCV 100%

70~80% .

3)

74.2% HBV (HBsAg), 8.6% HCV

, 6.9% (, 2016). HBV

B

HBsAg 1983 HBV

12% 1998 4.5%, 2005 3.7%

(Jeong et al, 2008). C

.

C

. HCV 1989

1992 HCV ,

HCV

. HCV HCV 5%

. 40 HCV 40

1.3% , 19

60 .

HCV 1.8%

(CDC, 1998).

, 200

96

- 96 -

, B C 40%

. 1998 2004

307 14% .

4)

HBV HCV

2011 IARC Group 1

. HBV HCV

, ,

. HBV HCV

.

.

IARC 1994 monograph #59 2011 monograph #100b HBV

HCV

(Group 1) . NTP

(Known to be a human carcinogen) HBV 2003, HCV 2002

. EPA EU CLP

, 008,2015) . ACGIH

A2 (2007).

,

- .

III. 97

- 97 -

.

HBsAg HBsAg

100 (Beasley et al., 1981),

HBV 9.6(95%CI

6.0-15.2)(Yang et al, 2002).

74(95%CI 45-121)

, HCV

161(95%CI 46-557) (Tanaka et al, 2004). HBV

B HBV

(Chang et al, 1997),

(Lee et al, 1998). IARC 8 HCV

2.5 ,

.

B HBV

,

,

. HBsAg (Okuda et al.,

1980) HBV (Buyaratvej et al., 1979; Suwangool

et al., 1979) . ,

, , , HBsAg

1.1~2.8% (Viola et al., 1972; Al-Sarraf et

al., 1973). 7%(5)

HBsAg (Hohenberger, 1985). Planes(1976)

,

98

- 98 -

, HBV

. HBV

,

(Mikhailov et al., 1986; Pontisso et al., 1987; Jackowska et al,,

1990). HBV

.

HCV

. HIV

HCV 2

, B

(Duberg et al, 2005).

1359 HCV

1.28 (Giordano et al,

2007). HCV

(Matsuo et al, 2004; Dal Maso & Faranceschi,

2006), 20 ,

,

. 37

80% HCV

B 2

.

,

. 13 5 , 15

24 . SEER

HCV 1.35(95%CI 1.1-1.7,

N=33940)(Anderson et al., 2008).

III. 99

- 99 -

1,465 B pooled 1.5(95%CI

0.95-2.2)(Nieters et al, 2006), , , ,

7 pooled

(OR, 1.8; 95%CI 1.4-2.3)(de Sanjose et al.,

2008). 2 B

B HCV

(Engles et al., 2004;

Talamini et al., 2004), IARC HCV

, HCV

(De vita et al., 1998) ,

HCV

HCV .

5)

, 200

, B C 40%

. 2006 2011

1,062 5.2% (Myong

et al, 2010).

6)

100

- 100 -

2015 ILO (revised 2010) agent 9

Hepatitis viruses . A, B, C,

D E (RG 45)

. 2014 12 22 (BKV)

,

[(3101) ,

,

]

. (ODIN)

.

CAREX HBV HCV

IARC

.

1995-6 ACGIH 15 EU TWA STEL

.

EU HBV HCV

,

. HBV HCV

IARC 10

European Directive 2000/54/EC

.

EU HBV HCV

III. 101

- 101 -

.

.

, Eurostat

2001 EU 12 B 10 , C 146

(Karjalainen and Niederlander, 2004).

7)

HBV HCV

20

. HBsAg HCV

, IARC

HBV (Chronic infection with HBV) HCV (Chronic

infection with HCV) . ,

,

.

40 .

.

.

102

- 102 -

HBV HCV

, HCV

, HBV

(Positive association) .

HBV HCV .

8)

:

: HBV HCV

, HBV HCV

.

:HCV

, HCV

.

III. 103

- 103 -

, .B

, HBsAg HBeAg , HBV DNA

, ALT , HBe

HBeAg B

. HBe

HBeAg B

.

. HBV

,

HBsAg , HBeAg HBe , HBV DNA

ALT .

5%

(Chen et al. 2007a).

C

(Mendenhall et al., 1991; Mondelli & Colombo, 1991).

HCV HCV DNA

C .

104

- 104 -

IV. 105

- 105 -

IV .

2013 ()

, . 2014

,

, 2015 , 6 ,

. 2016 , , B C

, .

4

.

.

,

,

.

106

- 106 -

1)

,

, .

.

,

.

3

.

.

group 1

, , ,

, .

,

. ,

. (10 )

.

. (10 )

IV. 107

- 107 -

,

.

,

. ,

,

.

group 1

, ,

, .

,

,

.

.

1) (10 )

,

, ,

.

108

- 108 -

2)

,

. , ,

,

.

3) (10 )

,

.

2)

.

.

.

IV. 109

- 109 -

, , , ( ),

, , ( ),

.

, , ,

.

,

.

.

, ,

.

.

110

- 110 -


, , , ( ), ,

(limited evidence) , ,

. , , ( ),

.

,

, ,

.

2000

,

.

,

.

Sorahan, Carreon

20 .

IV. 111

- 111 -

, Sathiakumar

10

.

Vlaanderen 30

.

.

(genotoxic effect)

.

(weighing and mixing), (milling) , (curing) (vulcanizing)

,

.

112

- 112 -

3)

2013 [ 3]

(343 ) 10. .

.

.

,

. .

2013

.

.

,

.

: , ,

IV. 113

- 113 -

.

10

.

- 2

.

.

.

.

ACGIH 8 1.0 ppm ,



, 1992 1 ppm

.

114

- 114 -

IARC(1994)

(> 8,500 ppm-days)

(SMR 124; 95% CI, 66-213; 13). ,

NIOSH (2004)

>13,500 ppm-days 3.76(1.03-13.64)

(p-trend = 0.13). 1 ppm(1.8 mg/m3) 45

, rate ratio 1.2

. 526,212

1.37-2.77 ppm 40

0.0004 .

NIOSH


. ,

. ,

.

IV. 115

- 115 -

4) B C

B

C

. ,

.

.

HBV HCV

,

HBV HCV

.

.

HCV

,

HCV

.

, .B

116

- 116 -

, HBsAg HBeAg , HBV DNA

, ALT , HBe

HBeAg B

. HBe

HBeAg B

.

. HBV

,

HBsAg , HBeAg HBe , HBV DNA

ALT .

5%

(Chen et al. 2007a).

C

(Mendenhall et al., 1991; Mondelli & Colombo, 1991).

HCV HCV DNA

C .

V. 117

- 117 -

V .

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