Bioprinting organs one step at a time: The special challenges of the 3D printed kidney as reflected in morphology Patricia Bacus

What can we make with 3D printers now?• Coffee cups

• Toys

• Your phone case

• Clothing

• Guns

• Organs

How did we get to where we are today?• 1984: Charles Hull invents stereolithography

• 1992: starting to add layers to the objects

• 1999: engineered organs start making advances

• 2008: Breakthrough for prosthetics

• 2009: from cells to blood vessels

• 2012: A printed jaw is implanted into a patient

Bioprinting isn’t in the future anymore, it’s the present.

The Basics

Bioprinting• 3 common types• Inkjet 3D bioprinting

• Microextrustion 3D bioprinting

• Laser- Assisted 3D bioprintning

Other types• Stereolithography

• Two-Photon Laser Lithography

• Selective Laser Sintering

• Fused Deposition Modeling

• Powder Binding

• Polyjet

• Syringe Deposition

Limitations and Challenges • The need for vascularization

• Functionality

• Size

• Complex architecture

• Innervation

• Cost

The Future: • Printing of complex organs

• In situ printing

• Surgical uses

References • Bioengineers, physicians 3-D print ears that look, act real | Cornell Chronicle. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from

http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/02/bioengineers-physicians-3-d-print-ears-look-act-real

• Body by Science | The Scientist Magazine®. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/15131/title/Body-by-Science

• Chia, H. N., & Wu, B. M. (2015). Recent advances in 3D printing of biomaterials. Journal Of Biological Engineering, 9(1), 1-14.

• ExVive3D™ Liver, Tissue Performance. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://www.organovo.com/tissues-services/exvive3d-human-tissue-models-services-research/exvive3d-liver-tissue-performance

• How 3-D Printing Body Parts Will Revolutionize Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2013-07/how-3-d-printing-body-parts-will-revolutionize-medicine

• Murphy, S. V., & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nature Biotechnology, (8), 773

• (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://individual.troweprice.com/staticFiles/Retail/Shared/PDFs/3D_Printing_Infographic_FINAL.pdf

• (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/bioengineering/creating-valve-tissue-using-3d-bioprinting

• Printing People Parts: World’s First Human Organ Bio-Printer | Gadgets, Science & Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved July 10, 2015, from http://gajitz.com/printing-people-parts-worlds-first-human-organ-bio-printer/

• Seliktar, D., Dikovsky, D., & Napadensky, E. (2013). Bioprinting and Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Israel Journal Of Chemistry, 53(9/10), 795-804.

• Zhang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2015). Tissue Engineering Applications of Three-Dimensional Bioprinting. Cell Biochemistry And Biophysics, (3), 777

• Zohora, F. T., & Azim, A. A. (2014). Inkjet printing: an emerging technology for 3D tissue or organ printing. European Scientific Journal, (30), 339.

Questions?