pepsi orignal

8/12/2019 Pepsi Orignal

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isIlh dksyk&dksdk dksyk dk lp

liuksa ds lkSnkxj


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883)

ys[kd dh vksj lsisIlh&dksyk vkSj dksdk&dksyk ds BaMs mRiknksa ds f[kykQ vktknh cpkvks vkanksyu dkQh yEciw js nsk es a tu&tkx`fr dk vfHk;ku pyk jgk gSA vkanksyu ds dk;ZdrkZ xko&xko vkS j kgj&kgj tkdj bu BaMs is;ksa a ls gksus okys kkjhfjd uqdlkuks a ds ckjs esa yksxks a dks crkrs jg rs gSaA blds lkFk&lk

Ldwy&dkystks a esa tkdj fo|kfFkZ;ks a ls Hkh bl lEcU/k es a ckra s djrs jgrs gaSA bu lcdk izfrlkn dkQvPNk fudyrk gSA dHkh&dHkh rks fo|kFkhZ vklkuh ls le> ys rs ga S fd bu BaMs is;ks a ls fdruk [krjkgksrk gSA ysfdu dHkh&dHkh lc dqN le>us ds ckn Hkh fo|kFkhZ bu ckrks a dks Lohdkj ugha djrsA

tc vkanksyu bu lokyksa dks yksxksa ds chp es a mBkrk Fkk rc yksx bldks xEHkhjrk ls ughys rs Fks ysfdu fiNys fnuksa fnYyh dh la LFkk ^la sVj QkWj lkbUl ,UM ,UokW;jesUV^ us tc khry is ;ksa [krjukd jklk ;fud inkFkks Za dh feykoV dh iqf"V dh rks iw js nsk ds lkeus bu BaMs is;ks a dh vlfy;r[kqydj lkeus vkbZA la ln esa Hkh bl loky ij dkQh gaxkek gqvk vkSj laln dh dWUVhu e s BaMs is;feyuk can gks x;sA BaMs is;ks a es a [krjukd jklk;fud inkFkksZ a dh feykoV dks y sdj kjn iokj dhv/;{krk esa ,d la ;q la lnh; lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k ftldh fjiks VZ vHkh gky es a ljdkj ds

lkeus j[kh x;h gSA bl fjiksVZ esa lfefr us ljdkj ls ekx dh gS fd og bu BaMs is;ksa ds ckjs e xEHkhjrk ls lksps vkSj yksxksa ds LokLF; ds lkFk f[kykoM+ uk djsA

ysfdu gekjh ljdkjs va/kh vkS j fcdk gSaA bruk lc gksus ds ckn Hkh uk rks ljdkj usisIlh&dksyk vkSj dksdk&dksyk ds foKkiuks a ij jksd yxkbZ gS vkS j uk gh muds f[kykQ dksbZ dne

mBk;k gSA blls ;g lkQ irk pyrk gS fd gekjh ljdkjs a bu dEifu;ksa ds lkeus fdruh ckSuh gSaA tc ls lfefr dh ;g fjiks VZ lkeus vkbZ gS rc ls esjs eu esa blds f[kykQ dqN uk dqN fy[kus dk vkrk jgk gSA vkanksyu dh Hkh ;g bPNk jgh gS fd bu dEifu;ksa dh vlfy;r yksxks a ds lkeus vk,Avkanksyu ds ofj"B lkFkh Jh jktho HkkbZ vkS j vU; dk;ZdrkZvks a ds lg;ksx ls ;g iqfLrdk fudyu

laHko gqbZA bl iqfLrdk dks cukus esa jktsUnz nkjk dh fdrkc ^n fj;y isIlh n fj;y LVksjh^ us denn dh gSA vU; fjiksVks Za ls Hkh dkQh enn yh xbZ gSA

vkkk gS ikBdksa dks ;g fdrkc t:j ia ln vk,xh vkSj ftl mn~ns; ds fy, ;g fdrkcfy[kh xbZ gS og mn~ns; t:j iwjk gksxkA

fouhr vxzoky] t;k vxzoky vgenkc


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iLrkouk 5 vxLr 2003 dks Hkkjr ds lHkh Vh- oh- pSuyksa ,oa lekpkj i=ksa esa isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksykds ckjs es a ,d Hk;adj lR; mn~?kkfVr gqvkA fnYyh dh ,d oSKkfud la LFkk lsUVj Qkj lk;ul ,.M

,uok;jes aUV dh ,d [kksth jiV esa crk;k x;k fd isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds lHkh BaMs is;ka sa esa vR;Utgjhys ,oa [krjukd dhVukkd jlk;u feys gq;s gSaA miZ;qDr la LFkk dh iz;ksxkkyk es a isIl h ,odksdk&dksyk ds 12 uewuks a dh tkap dh x;hA bles a ik;k x;k fd bu lHkh uewuka s esa cgqr vf/kd ek=k

jklk;fud dhVukkd tSls Dyksjksik;jhQkl] eSykfFk;ku] Mh - Mh- Vh-] fyUMsu vkfn feys gq;s gSaA ;s lHkdhVukkd kjhj ds fy;s vR;Ur gh gkfudkjd gksrs gSaA bu dhVukkdksa dk kjhj ds LokLFk; ij cggh [kjkc vlj gksrk gSA bu dhVukkdksa dk yhoj] fdMuh] kjhj ds izfrjks/kd ra=] iztuu ra =] raf=dk

ra=] olu ra= vkfn ij cgqr cq jk vlj gks rk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fyUMsu uked dhVukkd ls kjhesa dSUlj gksrk gS rFk k kjhj dh lHkh xz afFk;ksa dks s Hkkjh uqdlku igq prk gSA fyUMsu dhVukkd dh feyhxzke ek=k fdlh Hkh efgyk ;k iq#k dh iztuu {kerk dks lekIr dj ns rh gSA bl fyUMsu ls yhojdk dSUlj rFkk fdMuh dk dSUlj Hkh gks rk gSA kjhj ds n; dks jDr nsus okyh ufy;ksa dk s Hkh fyU{kfrxzLr dj nsrk gSA blh rjg Mh- Mh- Vh-uke dk jklk;fud dhVukkd iq#kksa ds oh;Z es a kqk. dh la[;k dks cgqr de dj nsrk gS rFkk L=h;ksa es a o{k dSUlj dks iSnk djrk gSA Dyks jksik;jhQkukedk tgjhyk dhVukkd euq; ds raf=dk ra = dks u V dj ldrk gS rFkk fnekxh fodkl dks jksnsrk gSA bl tgjhys dhVukkd ls euq; kjhj esa eka lis fk;k vR;Ur detksj gks tkrh gSA eSykfF

uke ds jklk;fud tgj ls tUetkr kkjhfjd fodykaxrk vkrh gS rFkk kjhj ds fdlh Hkh f e i{kk?kkr gks ldrk gSA 6 vxLr2003 dks bl fok; ij yksdlHkk es a dkQh gaxkek gqvkA yksdlHvusd lnL;ks a us ljdkj ls ekax dh fd bl fok; ij LiVhdj.k ns vkS j iw js nsk dks crk;s fd lp D;kgS\

ljdkj dh vksj ls tokc ns rs gq;s LokLFk; ,oa ifjokj dY;k.k ea =h lqkek LojkT; us yksdlHkk dgk fd tYnh gh ljdkj bl fok; ij tkap djk;sxhA blh rjg 21 vxLr 2003 dks jkT;lHkk es Hcgl gq;hA ogka Hkh eU=h egksn;k us blh rjg dk vkoklu fn;kA vUr esa yksdlHkk v/;{k ds funsij la ;qDr lalnh; lfefr x+Bu djus dk QSlyk fd;k x;kA ;g la;qDr lalnh; lfefr is Ilh&dksd es

feys gq;s dhVukkd jlk;uks a dh tkap djus ds fy;s cukus dk r; fd;k x;kA bl rjg 22 vxLr2003 dks ljdkj }kjk isIlh&dksdk dksyk dh tkap ds fy;s la;qDr la lnh; lfefr ds xBu dhvf/klw puk tkjh dh x;hA bl la lnh; lfefr es a 10 lka ln yksdlHkk ls ,oa 5 lkaln jkT;lHkk ls fy;sx;sA lfefr dk v/;{k kjn iokj dks cuk;k x;kA lfefr esa yksdlHkk ls vuar dqekj] Mk - lq/kk ;kn

jesk psUuhFkyk] vorkj flag HkM+ kuk] ds- ;sjUuuk;Mq] bZ-vgen] jathr dqekj ikatk] vf[kysk ;kno vk jvkfuy clq dks fy;k x;kA blh rjg lfefr es a jkT;lHkk ls ,l- ,l- vgyw okfy;k] iFohjkt pOg

lat; fu:ie] izs epUn xqIrk] izkka r pVZth dks fy;k x;kA lfefr dks ;g tkap djus dh ftEesnkjh nx;h fd isIlh dksdk&dksyk ds tks Hkh czkaM Hkkjr esa fcd jgs gS a muesa jklk;fud dhVukkd gSa ;k ugha\


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) lkFk gh lkFk lfefr dks ;g Hkh ftEesnkjh nh x;h fd og ljdkj dks BaMs is;ks a dh xq.koRrk cuk;s j[kuds fy;s Hkh lq>ko nsA bl lfefr ds fy;s Mk- ,l- ds- [kUuk] Mk- ,u- ih- vfXugks=h] Mk- thdks fokskK ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;kA bl lfefr us 4 Qjojh 2004 dks viuh fjiksVZ la Lkn d

lkeus isk dhA bl fjiksVZ dks cukus es a la;qDr la lnh; lfefr ds lkeus dbZ ea =ky; isk gq;sA nsk

dbZ fokskK ,oa laLFkkvks a dh vks j ls Hkh lfefr dks dkQh tkudkfj;ka nh x;haA lsUVj Qkj lk;Ul ,.M ,uok;jesUV }kjk ebZ 2003 es a isIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk ds lHkh cz kaMksa dhtkap dh x;hA ftlea s ik;k x;k fd ;w jksih; ekudksa dh rqyuk es a Hkkjrh; isIlh ,oa dksd es a 21 xquvf/kd fyUMsu [krjukd jklk;fud dhVukkd] 42 xquk vf/kd Mh - Mh- Vh-] 72 xquk Dyks jksik;jhQkWl] 196 xquk vf/kd eSykfFk;ku mifLFkr gSA lh- ,l- bZ- la LFkk dh iz;ksxkkyk es a vesfjdk

ls yk;s gq;s isIlh ,oa dksdkdksyk ds lHkh cz kUM+ ksa dh Hkh tkap dh x;hA ysfdu bu vejhdh uewuk a edqN Hkh jklk;fud dhVukkd ugha ik;s x;sA

lh- ,l- bZ- dh fjiksVZ ds ckn Hkkjr ljdkj us vU ; ljdkjh iz ;ksxkkykvksa dks Hkh isIlh ,oa dksdk

dksyk dh tkap ds fy;s dgkA eS lw j dh izfl) iz;ksxkkyk lsUVy Qw M VsDuksyksth fjlpZ bULVhL;w V vkdydRrk dh iz;ksxkkyk lsUVy QwM yscksjsVjh us Hkh isIlh dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk ds uewuks a dh tkap dhA lh- ,Q- Vh- vkj- vkbZ- eSlw j dh fjiksVZ es a Hkh crk;k x;k fd isIlh ,oa dksdkdksyk ds uew uksa e Dyks jksik;jhQkWl] eSykfFk;ku] Mh- Mh- Vh-,oa fyUMsu tSls [krjukd dhVukkd jlk;u ekStw n gSaA blh

rjg dydRrk dh iz;ksxkkyk lsUVy Qw Myscks jsVjh }kjk dh x;h tkap esa Hkh ;g ik;k x;k fd isIlh,oa dksdk dksyk esa jklk;fud dhVukkd mifLFkr gS aA fnYyh ds dsUnzh; iznw k.k fu;a =.k cksMZ dhiz;ksxkkyk es a Hkh isIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk ds uewuks a dh tkap dh x;hA bles a Hkh ik;k x;k fd isIlh ,odksdk dksyk esa jklk;fud dhVukkd eSykfFk;ku] Mh- Mh- Vh-] fyUMsu rFkk Dyks jksik;jh QkWl ekStw n gSA

blh rjg dsjy ljdkj us Hkh caxykSj ds Jhjke vkS|ksfxd kks/k dsUnz es a isIlh&dksd dh tkap djk;h] mles a Hkh ik;k x;k fd isIlh&dksd es a jklk;fud dhVukkd gSaA mM+ hlk ljdkj us tkap djk;h vkS mles a Hkh dhVukkd isIlh&dksd es a feys ik;s x;sA ftruh Hkh iz;ksxkkykvks a esa isIlh&dksd ds ckjs e tkap dh x;h] os lHkh iz;ksxkkyk;s a vR;Ur gh izfrfBr gS vkSj vUrjjkVh; Lrj dh ekuh tkrh aA

yxHkx 6 ekg dh tkap&ij[k vkS j nLrkosth lcw rks a dk v/;;u] foysk.k djus ds ckn la;qD la lnh; lfefr us viuh tkap jiV la ln ds lkeus ,oa nsk ds lkeus izLrq r dhA bl fjiksVZ ds vuq lkjisIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk ds lHkh czkUM+ ks a es a [krjukd jklk;fud dhVukkd eSykfFk;ku] Mh - Mh- Vh-] fyu,oa Dyksjksik;jhQkWl] ;wjksih; ekun.M+ks a dh rqyuk es a cgqr vf/kd ek=k es a gSaA la;qDr la lnh; lfefr dk

;g fudkZ mu lHkh iz;ksxkkykvks a dh fjiksVZ ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftuesa isIlh&dksd ds uewuks a dh tkap dhx;h FkhA

la lnh; lfefr ds vkdM+ ks a ds vuqlkj BaMs is;ka s dk iwjh nqfu;k es a izf r O;fDr izfrokZ miHkkx 67-yhVj gSA lu~ 2001 esa iw jh nqfu;k esa 412 vjc yhVj BaMs is;ksa lkV fMaDl dh fch gq;hA mvejhdk esa lcls vf/kd lkV fMaDl BaMs is; dh fch gks rh gSA nqfu;k esa tks dqy BaMk is; fcdrk gS

mldk 27 % vdsys mRrjh vejhdkla;qDr jkT; vejhdk esa fcdrk gSA vejhdk es a izfrokZ izfr O lkV fMaDl dh [kir 192 yhVj gSA fQj mlds ckn ;w jksi dk LFkku vkrk gS tgka nqfu;k dh 21%


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) lkV fMaDl BaMs is; fcdrs gS aA ;w jksi esa izfr O;fDr izfrokZ BaMs is;ks a dk miHkksx 50-8 yhVj gSA mnkjhdj.k dh gok es a BaMs is;ksa dk cktkj ,fk;k ,oa iw ohZ ;wjksi es a Hkh c


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) la lnh; lfefr ds vuqlkj Hkkjr es a dksdk&dksyk ds 52 dkj[kkus gSa] ftues a ls 27 dkj[kk

dksdk&dksyk dEiuh ds gSa rFkk ckdh 25 dkj[kkus vU; nwljh Hkkjrh; dEifu;ks a ds gS a] ysfdu bue mRiknu iwjk dksdk&dksyk dEiuh ds fy;s gh gksrk gSA blh rjg isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds iw js Hkkjr38 dkj[kkus gSa ftues a ls 17 dkj[kkus dEiuh ds Lo;a ds gSa ,oa 21 dkj[kkus vU; nwljh Hkkjrh; dEi

ds gS a] ftuesa isIlh&dksyk ds fy;s mRiknu gks rk gSA isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ks a }kjk la lnh; lfefr dks nh x;htkudkjh ds vuq lkj isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds BaMs is;ksa dh ,d lky dh dq y fch 4000 djksM+ :i;s dh gSAHkkjr nsk esa ikuh dh mPp xq.koRrk ds d ksbZ ekud fu/kkZfjr ugha gksus ds dkj.k la;qDr la lnh;

lfefr us ekuk fd bl fnkk es a tYnh gh dkuw u cukus dh t:jr gSA ftlds vk/kkj ij ikuh dxq.koRrk dks r; fd;k tk lds A lfefr ds vuqlkj ikuh dh xq.koRrk dk bl rjg fu/kkZ j.k djuk pkfg,fd ikuh es a fdlh Hkh fd Le ds jklk;fud dhVukkd ugha gks aA dksbZ Hkh BaMk is; cuus ds ckn gh tkapfd;k tkuk pkfg, fd og kjhj ds fy;s lq jf{kr gS ;k ugha\ vFkkZr ikuh ds iz;ksx ls cuus okys vfU

mRikn dh gh xq.koRrk dks tkap dk vk/kkj cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A

tc la ;qDr la lnh; lfefr ds lkeus isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ks a ds vf/kdkjh izLgq;s rks muls dbZ izu fd;s x;sA lfefr dh vks j ls ,d egRoiw .kZ izu ;g fd;k x;k fd D;k Bais;ka s esa bLrseky fd;s tkus okyh kqxj dh xq.koRrk dh tkap dh tkrh gS\ rks bl iz u ds mRrj eisIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk nksauksa gh dEifu;ks a ds vf/kdkfj;ks a us tokc fn;k ge BaMs is;ks a es a feyk;htkus okyh kqxj dh tkap ugha djrs gSa] D;ks afd gekjh ,s lh ijEijk ugha gSA la lnh; lfefr ds lkeuizLrq r gq;s] cksry can ikuh cukus vkSj cspus okys la?k ds v/;{k ds vuqlkj BaMs is;ks a es a bLrseky gku

okys ikuh dks cgqr vklkuh ls kq) cuk;k tk ldrk gSA blds fy;s Hkkjr esa dbZ rduhdsa miyAbl ikuh dks kq) cukus ds fy;s izfr yhVj ek= 2 ls 4 iS ls dk gh [kpkZ vkrk gSA bl dFku ls LiV

gS fd ikuh dks BaMs is;ks a es a bLrseky gksus ls iw oZ iw .kZ kq) cukus ds fy;s ek= 2 ls 4 iS ls izfr yhVj dk[kpkZ vkrk gS vkS j blds fy;s rduhd Hkh vklkuh ls miyC/k gSA ysfdu fQj Hkh isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyktSlh fonskh dEifu;k ikuh dks fcuk kq) cuk;s gh ?kfV;k ,oa jklk;fud dhVukkd feys gq;s ikuh dgh bLrseky djrh gSaA la;qDr la lnh; lfefr ds lkeus isIlh&dksd ds vf/kdkfj;ks a us jklk;fuddhVukkd feys gq;s ikuh ds bLrseky ds ckjs es a cksyrs gq;s dgk fd nqfu;k ds vf/kdkak nskks a es a ihu

okys ikuh dk gh iz;ksx BaMs is; cukus esa ;s dEifu;k djrh gSaA ysfdu vejhdk vkSj ;w jksi esa ikuh dkq)rk dk vf/kd /;ku j[kk tkrk gSA blfy;s vejhdk vkSj ;wjksi esa BaMs is; cukus ds igys ikuh d

jklk;fud dhVukkdksa ls eqDr cukdj gh bLrs seky fd;k tkrk gSA vejhdk vkSj ;w jksi esa ikuh dh

xq.koRrk ds ekud cgqr gh ps ,oa dM+s gksrs gS aA blls LiV gS fd ;w jksi ,oa vejhdk dks NksM+djnqfu;k ds reke nw ljs nskks a esa isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;k tks ikuh dk bLrseky djrha gS o

mPp xq.koRrk dk ugha gksrk gSA vFkkZ r~ vejhdk&;w jksi dks NksM+dj nqfu;k ds lHkh nskks a esa isIlh&dksd BaMs is;ks a es a jklk;fud dhVukkd feys gq;s ikuh dk gh bLrseky gks rk gSA bl feykoVh vkS j tgjhysikuh ds bLrseky djus ds ekeys ij is Ilh&dksd dEiuh ds vf/kdkfj;ks a dk dguk gS fd ge BaMs is;k e bLrseky gksus okys ikuh dh mPp xq.koRrk dh dksbZ xkjaVh ugha ys ldrs gSaA

lkekU; :i ls BaMs is; dh ,d cks ry cukdj cs pus esa 10 yhVj ikuh dk [kpkZ vkrk gSA fdcksry es a ek= 300 feyh gh BaMk is; gks rk gSA ckdh ikuh cksry dks /kksus ess rFkk vU; ekhujh iz;ksx es


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) [kpZ gks rk gSA Hkkjr nsk es a lky es a yxHkx 600 djksM+ ls 700 djksM+ cksry izfrokZ BaMs is;ksa dh fcdgS aA ftu ij iwjh rjg ls vejhdh dEifu;ks a isIlh dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk dk ,dkf/kdkj gSA vFkHkkjr es a izfrokZ 6000 djksM+ yhVj ls 7000 djksM+ yhVj ikuh izfrokZ bu dksyk dEifu;ks a ds }kbLrseky fd;k tk jgk gSA tc la;qDr la lnh; lfefr us bl ikuh ds iz;ksx ij Hkkjr ljdkj dh la LF

dsUnzh; Hkw xHkZ ty fu;ked ls UVy xzkmUM okVj ,FkkWfjVh dks ryc fd;k rks ,d vkp;Ztudtkudkjh feyhA bl la LFkk ds vf/kdkfj;ks a dks tc iw Nk x;k fd D;k ljdkj] bu dksyk dEifu;k lsHkw xHkZty ds bLrseky dk dksbZ kqYd ys rh gS\rks vf/kdkfj;ks a us dgk fd gekjh tkudkjh es s a ljdkj ,s lkdksbZ kqYd ikuh ds fy;s bu dksyk dEifu;ksa ls ugha ysrh gSA fdruh gSjkuh dh ckr gS fd isIlh dksyk,oa dksdk dksyk tSlh fonskh dEifu;k Hkkjr ds cskdherh Hkw xHkZty dk bLrseky djds gtkjksa djksM:i;s dek jgha gSa vkSj gekjh ljdkj bl ikuh ij dEifu;ks a ls dksbZ kqYd Hkh ugha ys jgh gSA ,d vks jHkkjr nsk ds 2 yk[k ls vf/kd xko ihus ds ikuh ls oafpr gSa] nwljh vkSj isIlh dksyk vkSj dksdk tSlh dEifu;k gj lky gtkjks a djksM+ yhVj ikuh dh cjcknh es a yxh gq;h gS aA ftl ikuh ls Hkkjr

yk[kksa yksxks a ,oa ikqvks a dks viuh I;kl cq>kus dk bartke gks ldrk gS] ogh cskdherh ikuh tehunksgu djds B aMs is;ks a esa cjckn fd;k tk jgk gSA okkZ ty dh cw an&canw tc /kjrh es a mrjrh gS gtkjks a yk[kks a okksZ a es a Hkw xHkZ ty la fpr gksrk gSA bl Hkw xHkZty ij igyk vkf/kdkj mu djksM+ ks a Hkk

okfl;ks a ,oa ikqvksa dk gS ftUgs a viuh I;kl cq>kus ds fy;s bl ty d h t:jr gS A fQj nwljk vf/k mu djksM+ ksa fdlkuksa dk gS tks nsk ds yksxks a dk isV Hkjus ds fy;s bl ty dk iz ;ksx djrs gSaA rhljkvf/kdkj ;fn gks ldrk gS rks mu m|ksxks a dk gS tks gekjs thou ds fy;s vR;Ur t:jh ,oa mi;ksxh

oLrqvks a dk mRiknu djrs gSaA BaMs is; cukuk rks dksbZ t:jh m|ks x ugha gSA bu BaMs is;ks a ds fcuk Hgekjk thou vPNs ls pyrk jgk gS] vkxs Hkh pyrk jgsxkA blfy;s BaMs is;ksa ds uke ij is Ilh ,oa dksdk

dksyk tSlh dEifu;ks a }kjk cjckn fd;s tk jgs Hkkjr ds cskdherh Hkw xHkZ ty dks cpkus dh vR;U rt:jr gS A ftl nsk ds vf/kdkak Hkkxks a es a vkS lru gj lky lw [kk iM+rk gks] ftl ns k ds yk[kks a xko ,odjksM+ ksa euq;] ikq] i{kh ihus ds ikuh dks rjlrs gksa ogka gj lky BaMs is;ksa ds uke ij gtkjks a djksMyhVj ikuh dks cjckn djuk ,d jkVh; vijk/k gSA

la;qDr la lnh; lfefr us viuh tkap es a ik;k fd ftu&ftu LFkkuksa ij is Ilh&dksyk vkdksdk&dksyk ds IykUV dkj[kkus yxs gq;s gS a] ogka dh LFkkuh; oS/kkfud la LFkkvks a tSls xz ke iapk;r]uxjifjkn vkfn ls] Hkw xHkZty fudkyus dh vuqefr Hkh bu dEifu;ks a us ugha yh gSA eqEcbZ kgj a ghisIlh dksyk ,a o dksdk dksyk dEiuh us egkuxj ikfydk ls Hkw xHkZty fudkyus dh vuqefr yh gSA

ekeys es a dksdk&dksyk dEiuh us ds jy jkT; ds IykpheMk esa LFkkuh; xzke iapk;r ls vuqefr fy;s fcukgh izfrfnu djksM+ ks a yhVj ikuh fudkyukkq: fd;kA blds pyrs xko dk Hkw xHkZty cgq r gh de gkx;kA vc ml xko esa ihus ds fy;s ,oa d`fk ds fy;s Hkh Hkw xHkZty miyC/k ugha gSA blhdkdksdkdksyk dEiuh vkSj IykpheMk xko ds ukxfjdks a dk dksdk&dksyk ds la;= dks cUn djkus ds fy;svkUnksyu py jgk gSA xzkeiapk;r IykpheMk us dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dks bl lEcU/k es a uksfVl ns fn;fd dEiuh viuh ikuh dh O;oLFkk dgha vkSj ls djsA

HkwxHkZ ty ds va/kk/kq a/k nq#i;ksx dks jksdus ds fy;s vHkh rd Hkkjr ljdkj us ;k jkT;ks dh ljdkjks a us dksbZ Hkh dkuw u ;k fu;e ugha cuk;s gSaA blh dk Qk;nk isIlh dksyk ,oa dksdk dksyk tS


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) dEifu;ka mBk jgha gSaA Hkkjr ns'k es a ihus ds ikuh dh 80% t#jr Hkw xHkZ ty ls gh iwjh gks rh gSA ek20% t#jr Hkw fe dh lrg ij miyC/k ty ls iwjh gksrh gSA

la lnh; lfefr ds lkeus Hkkjr ns'k ds dbZ fo'ks"kKks a }kjk jklk;fud dhVuk'kdks a ds 'kjhj ijgksus okys nq"izHkkoksa ds ckjs esa dkQh tkudkjh nh x;hA tks jklk;fud dhVuk'kd isIlh ,oa dksdk dksyk

esa ik;s tkrs gSa] muesa Mh-Mh-Vh] Dyks jks ik;jhQkl ,oa eSykfFk;ku izeq[k gS aA bu dhVuk'kd jlk;uks dkekuo 'kjhj ij D;k&D;k nq"izHkko gks rk gS] bl ij la lnh; lfefr us tks tkudkjh nh] og bl izdkj g&fyUMsu dh ekuo 'kjhj ij n iHkko %

fyUMsu gekjs 'kjhj esa tkus ds ckn olh; rdks a esa tek gks tkrk gSA ;g 'kjhj ds yhoj] fdMu rFkk izfrjks/kd rU= dks u"V djrk gS vkSj dSalj iSnk djrk gSA ekuo 'kjhj dh lHkh xzfUF a ij Hk;adjnq"izHkko fyUMsu dk gks rk gSAMh-Mh-Vh dk ekuo 'kjhj ij n iHkko %

Mh-Mh-Vh- efgykvks a ds o{kLFky ds dSalj ds fy;s eq[; ftEesnkj jlk;u gSA ekuo 'kjhj dh lSD{kerk dks cgqr de djus dk dke djrk gSA iq#"kks a ds oh;Z es a 'kqk.kqvks a dh {kerk de djus dk dk;Hkh ;g Mh-Mh-Vh- jlk;u djrk gSADyksjks ik;jh QkWl dk nq iHkko %

ekuo 'kjhj ds rfU=dk rU=] Fkk;jkbM xzfUFk] rFkk eka lis f'k;ksa ij Hk;adj nq"izHkko bl jlk;u dkgksrk gSAeykfFk;ku dk 'kjhj ij n iHkko %

eSykfFk;ku dk lcls vf/kd nq"izHkko 'kjhj ds lHkh vaxksa ij iM+ rk gSA bl jlk;u ds dkj.k

i{kk?kkr dk lcls vf/kd [krjk gksrk gSAdSQhu dk 'kjhj ij n iHkko % bl jlk;u dk 'kjhj ij dkQh cqjk vlj gks rk gSA vfunzk] ?kcjkgV] fpUrk] fpM+fpM+ kiu vkfn

chekfj;ka dSQhu ds dkj.k gks rh gSaA bl dSQhu ds dkj.k gfM~M;ks a es a vkWLVh;ks ikjksfll ukedh Hkh chegksrh gSA ;fn xHkZorh fL=;ks a ds 'kjhj es a dSQhu dh ek=k dqN vf/kd gks tk;s rks fQj iSnk gksus okycPps ds 'kjhj esa dkQh fod`fr;ka gks tkrh gSaABaMs is;ks es ehBkiu ykus oky jlk;uks dk n iHkko %

BaMs is;ks a esa ehBkiu ykus ds fy;s lShu] ,LijVse rFkk phuh dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA lcl

vf/kd mi;ksx ,LijVse rFkk lShu dk gksrk gSA ;s nksuks a gh jlk;u ew =fi.M ds dSa lj dks iSnk djrsgS aA lkFk gh lkFk ;s nksuksa jlk;u 'kjhj dh lHkh xzfUFk;ks a ij cgqr cqjk vlj Mkyrs gS aA ,LijVse jlk;u

ls xHkZ LFk f'k'kq ij cgqr cq jk vlj iM+ rk gSA


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Contents

liuks a ds lkSnkxj ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11

izfrJq r Hkw fe nkZu ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15

isIlhdksyk ds iz kstsDV dks dSls eatw jh feyh\ ....................................................................................................................................... 20

isIlh dksyk dEiuh }kjk Hkkjr ljdkj dks fn;s x;s /kks[ks ...................................................................................................................... 27

isIlh&dksyk dh Hkz ked foKkiu ckth ............................................................................................................................................... 32

dksdk&dksyk dk Hkkjr es a iz osk ....................................................................................................................................................... 34

isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ksa }kjk jktuSfrd gLr{ksi .............................................................................................................. 36

Hkkjrh; lekpkj&i=ksa ,oa if=dkvks a ea s isIlh&dksyk ds ckjs s esa mn~?kkfVr lR; ............................................................................................ 38

Hkkjrh; la ln es a isIlh&dksyk ds ckjs es a iw Ns x;s izu ,oa ljdkj ds eaf=;ks a }kjk fn;s x;s mRrj ................................................................... 42

isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds khry is;ksa es a dhVukkd .................................................................................................................... 46

isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk D;k gS a\ .............................................................................................................................................. 49

ikcanh D;ks a ugha \ ........................................................................................................................................................................ 54


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iFke v/;k;-

liuks ds lkSnkxj

;g jpuk isIlh uked ,d cgqjkVh; dEiuh dh Hkkjr es a ?kqliSB dh okLrfod dFkk ls lEcfU/kgSA bl dEiuh dh dk;Ziz.kkyh dks xgjs ls le>us ds fy, dEiuh ds bfrgkl dks tkuuk vko;d gSAvkSj ;gha ikBd dks dksyk dh nw ljh nkuokdkj dEiuh dsbfrgkl es a Mqcdh yxkus dh vko;drkiMs +xh rkfd Hkkjrh; ifjizs{; es a ;g le>k tk lds fd dSls ,d dh dgkuh nw ljs dks izHkkfor djrhD;ks afd ;g dgkor gS fd ^;fn dksd vkrk gS rks D;k isIlh T;knk ihNs gksxk\^ vkS j bldk mYVk H

dguk gh lgh gSAkq:vkr

1860 o 1870 ds nkd es a x g ;q) ds ipkr vesfjdk es a fokskr%] mtM+ s nf{k.kh fgLlksa es a ,dHk;adj eUnh ds nkSj ds :i esa jgsA ;q) ds ipkrfofHkfkdk ds izHkkoksa dks nkkZrs gq, vVyk.Vk dv[kckj us fy[kk ^^fokkn] Xykfu] mUekn] lj nnZ] kjkc[kksjh] /kqd&/kqdh vkSj ;gk rd fd uiq aldrk dhHkjekj gSA^^ fufPkr :i ls ,s lh voLFkk uhe&gdheks a vkSj Nn~e fpfdRldks a ds fy, cM+ h moZ j Fkh tk

rRdky funku o jksx keu dk nkok djrs FksA bl rjg bZ-la- 1885 es a tkWu isEcVZu uked vVyk.V,d QkekZflLV us ^sUp okbu dk syk & ,d vknkZ ukfM+;ks a o kkjhfjd {kerkvks a dk m}hid^ uke liaft;u djk;k tks fd rhu Vkax okys ,d ik= es a irokj }kjk fgykdj cuk;k x;k ,d is; FkkA ;g is;dksdhu] FkksM+ h kjkc ,oa vU; dqN vkS j oLrqvks a dks feykdj cuk;k x;kA 1886 bZ esa isEcVZu us kjkc d cnys dSQhu dk iz;ksx fd;k rFkk lqxU/k ds fy;s dksyk Qy dk lRo feyk;kA is; dk uke Hkh cndj rc dksdk&dksyk j[kk x;k ftles a nksuks v{kj dks LisUlj yhfi eas fy[kk x;k tks fd ns[kus es a vkS jvkdkZd yxus yxsA ysfdu isEcVZu dksbZ O;kikjh ugha Fks vkSj mUgksu s ^dksd^ Qkeq Zys dks tks fd vceps ZUMkbl 7 dgykrk gS] ,d frtksjh esa lqjf{kr j[kk gqvk gS ek= 2300 Mkyj ds cnys tkftZ;k dO;kikjh ,s l dSUMyj dks 1889 bZ- esa csp fn;kA ;g dSUMyj gh Fkk ftlus bl is ; ds o`grj cktkjks sa dkcuk;kA mlus bl is ; ds ?kksy dks Fkksd O;kikjh;ks a dks cspk tks fd NksVs nqdkuksa dks csprs Fks tks viunqdkuks a ea s xSl okyk ikuh lksMk okVj feykdj lksMk QkmUVsuksa lksMkokVj dh nqdkuks a es a vkiw frZ djrFksA blh okZcsUtkfeu ,Q Fkkel ,oa tkslQ ih- OgkbVgsM us dSUMyj ls feydj dksdkdksyk dks cksry esa Hkjdj cspus dk O;kikfjd izLrko fn;kA dSUMyj dks bl iz Lrko es foksk ne ugha fn[kk vr% ml,d Mkyj izfr cksry ds nj ls cksry cUn djus dk vf/kdkj csp fn;k] Fkkel ,oa OgkbVgsM us ckVfyxvf/kdkj dk mi&Bsdk {ks=h; ckVyjksa dks fn;k vkSj bl rjg fo; vf/kdkj ds lkFk ckVfyax i)fr dpyu gqvk tks fd vktrd khry is ; m|ksx dh fooO;kih eq[; /kkjk gSA vc rd dSUMyj ddksdkdksyk daiuh iw .kZ:is.k lkeus vk pqdh Fkh vkSj og bls 1919 bZ- es 25 fefy;u Mkyj es a cspus ds


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) dkfcy cu pqdk FkkA u;s [kjhnnkj vVykUVk ds m|eh vus ZLV oqMjQ Fks ftuds iq= jkcVZ us dksvkt dh nUrdFkk cuk;kA tc 1923 es a jkcVZ oqMjQ us dk;Z lEHkkyk] rc dksdk dksyk us dWukMk] ckvkSj I;qfjVksfjdks es a izosk fd;k] ysfdu vUrjkZVh; cktkj eas ;g vutku gh jgkA ;g oqMjQ dh dYiuds vuq:i ugha jgkA vius cksMZ vkQ MkbjsDVlZ dh vogsyuk djrs gq, mlus ;w jksi esa is; dks pykus dh

dksfkk dh vkSj mles a lQyrk ikus ij mlus fonsk fo; foHkkx [kksy fy;k fdUrq iw js foo e dksdkdksyk dh mifLFkfr dk ,dek= lcls egRoiw .kZ dkj.k Fkk f}rh; fo o ;q)A vejhdu lSfudksa dk(GI) og tgk Hkh gks a muds gkFk ea s ,d dksd dh cks ry Fkekus ds oqMjQ ds fu.kZ; us vPNk ykHkvejhdu ljdkj us txg&txg ckVfyax la;a= dh LFkkiuk djok;h D;ks afd gjs a jax dh ;s cks rysa ?kj dh;knks a ls ihfM+r lSU;ks a dk eukscy c


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) izpkj fd;k] HkkX; fQj iyVk vkS j lu~ 1959 rd daiuh 700 % equkQk dekus rd iagqp xbZisIlh] dksd dh ,d dj izfr}Unh cuus dh fLFkfr es igqp xbZA lu~ 1963 esa MksuYM ,e- dSUMvkxeu gqvk] vkSj mlds ckn fQj isIlh us îsIlh pSysUt^^ izfr;ksfxrk dk iz orZu fd;k tks fd ,d va /k

Lokn ijh{k.k dk flyflyk Fkk tks txg&txg ij tu&lk/kkj.k ds lkeus vk;ksftr fd;k tkrk Fkk

ftles a turk us isIlh ds ehBs Lokn dks dksd ds Lokn ls T;knk ilUn fd;kA dSUMy dh lcls cM hthr dk lun rRdkyhu :l ds iz/kku [kzqps o dk ekLdks esa vejhdu jkVh; iznkZuh es a isIlh ihrs gqQksVks Fkk ftls izeq[krk ds lkFk daiuh us Hkquk fy;kA isIlh dh ,dlw=h; foKkiu ;kstuk] ftldh ppkckn es dh xbZ gS us oLrqr% dksd dks bruk >d>ks j fn;k fd mls O;kikj txr dh lcls cM+ h Hkwytkus okys dk;Z dks djus ds fy;s etcwj dj fn;kA ;g dksd }kjk isIlh ds ehBs Lokn ls VDdj ysus dfy;s Û;w dksdk^ dk cktkj eas mrkjuk FkkA isIlh dks bl /kqrZ rk iw .kZ iz;ksx dk Qk;nk Û;w dksd^ ds vkdk ugha cfYd iq jkus dksd ds gV tkus dk gqvkA blls xzkgdks a es a vla rksk iSnk gksus ls fQj ls iqjkdksd dks ^dksd Dykfld^ ds u;s uke ls cktkj eas vkuk iM+ kA vkf[kj ,d is; ds QkeqZys es a cnyko gku

ls turk es a D;ks a gypy vkSj HkM+ kl iSnk gqbZ\ tks fd flQZ& ,siy dEI;qVj daiuh ds los Z lokZ LVtksUl ds kCnksa es a & ^^lqxfU/krphuh ?kqyk ikuh gSA^^ bl rF; dks le>us ds fy;s dksd ;k FkksM+ k gVdjisIlh dk vFkZ le>uk t:jh gSA tSlk fd isIlh ds orZeku v/;{k ,oa eq[; dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh jk,ufjdks dgrs gSa fd] ^^;g flQZ phuh vkSj lqxa/kks a dk feJ.k ugha gS] cfYd jlfl) dksa fd vki lH;rk dh lhek ikj dj pq ds gSA

dksd dk lkUVk DykWt foKkiu] mldh nskizsfedrk] ;gh vejhdk gSA ek= 400 lky d bfrgkl oky,d nsk dh] dksd ,d ijEijk gSA isIlh Hkh vejhdhiu dks gh Hkqukrk gS ysfdu FkksM+ s nw ljs rjg ls A ;gtoku vejhdk gS] fuMj vkSj FkksM+ k mn~.M Hkh ysfdu lcdqN ,d bZekunkj O;kikjh tSlk] nksuk is;ks a e

lekurk ;g gS fd nksuks] cksryks a ea s vejhdh liuka s dks csprs ga SA bl rjg vejhdh feFkd dk fuekgks rk gSA

fiNys rhu nkdka s us bu daiuh ;k fuxeksa dkiks Zjsku dks foo ds 50 cM+s HkkX;kkyh;ksa dh lw phQkpq Zu fyLV es a p


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) vUrjjkVh; khry is; cktkj dk 90 % bu nks dEifu;ksa ds dCts es a gSA fofkV cgqjkVh; diuh dvuq:i nksuks a dEifu;ksa dk edln fod klkhy nskks a dks flQZ khry is; cspus dk ugha gS] tks fd vH

rd foykflrk dh oLrq gS] cfYd ,d thoukSyh Fkksiuk gS tks fd ogk ds fuoklh ogu u dj lds aAnksuks gh foo es a vejhdk ds iz/kkU; foLrkj rFkk ?kqliSB ds i;kZ;okph cu pqds gSaA isIlh dh mifLFk

g j txg flQZ O;kikfjd dkj.kksa ls gh ugha gS ftldk lk{; fpyh tSls nsk ds dVq vuqHkoksa ls LiV gysfdu ;s ?kVuk;s a ckn ea s foLrkfjr dh tk;s axhAnksuks cgqjkVh; dEifu;ks a dk Hkkjr esa inkiZ.k yxHkx ,d gh le; ea s gqvkA ysfdu isIlh vius

iqjkus lLrs iskd k dksd ds 4 vkus esa 6 vkSa l ds eqdkcys 5 vkus ea s 10 vkSa l ds ckotwn ipkl dnkd ds e/; esa viuh nqdku lesVus dks ck/; gqvkA dksd ukeek= dh izfr}afnrk ds chp ,dN= jktdjrk jgkA dksd ,oa isIlh ds vkxeu ds iw oZ ;g {ks = iw .kZ :i ls vlaxfBr jgk ftlea s dqNv/kZLopkfyr rFkk gkFk ls pyus okys ;a =ksa ds tfj;s izfr feuV T;knk ls T;knk 10 ls 20 cksr

mRiknu FkkA vkt ds 600 cks ry izfr feuV dh rqyuk esa ;s iqjkuh QSfDV;k vius LFkkuh; cktkjksa dks gh

T;knkrj xksyhokyh cksryks a eas vkiw frZ djrh FkhaA ty&kks/ku] f o; vf/kdkj ;gk rd fd foKkiu rddk dgha uke ugha FkkA bu cgqjkVh; dEifu;ks a ds vkxeu us iwjs O;kikj izf;k ea s kafr t:j iSnk dnh] ysfdu bles a fdlh LFkkuh; m|ksx dks u rks 'kkfey fd;k x;k] vkSj u gh ;g lEHk+ o FkkA ;g fLF

lu~ 1977 rd ljdkj ds cnyus ,oa lkFk gh fu;eks a ds ifjorZu rd pyrh jghA u;s fu;eksa ds rgrfonskh eqnzk fu;a =.k dkuw u (FERA) ds vuqlkj cgqjkVh; dEifu;ksa dks 40% fgLls rd lhfer j[kukFkkA ;g dksd ds fy;s vdYiuh; Fkk] D;ksafd foo esa dgha Hkh dksd 100% LokfeRo okyh bdkbZ s ghew y ?kksy dk mRiknu djrh jghA lcls cq jh ckr ;g Fkh fd ijexksiuh;] VLV daiuh] tkftZ; dsfrtks jh esa lqjf{kr eps ZUMkbl 7x tgk rd igqp flQZ daiuh ds rhu mPpinLFk vf/kdkjh] tks fd ,d

lkFk ogk rd lQj ugha djrs Fks ,oa viuh e`R;q gksus dh lwjr es a fdlh nw ljs vf/kdkjh dks ukfer djpyrs Fks dks mtkxj djuk iM+rkA bl dkj.k dksdk dksyk Hkkjr ls izLFkku dj x;kA

bu ?kVukeks a ds ckn gh Hkkjrh; khry is; m|ksx vius Lo:i es a fodflr gqvkA dksd dsckWVyj pj.kthr flag us dSEik dksyk cktkj ea s mrkjk] ikysZ ds jeskpkSgku us FkElvi rFkk M~;w

LisUlj tSls nw ljs fuekZrk cktkj esa vk;sA vkt cktkj dh fgLlsnkjh yxHkx fuEu :i ls gS%ikys Z&65% I;ksj fMaDl& 19%

vU;& 16% khry is; m|ksx us vR;qke fodYi isk djus dk kkunkj ekspkZ fy;k gSA ikysZ vkt vhdke/ ;&iw oZ] lksfo;r la?k ,oa vejhdk dks fu;kZr djrk gSA tc fd] nks jkVh; egkcyh ikysZ ,oa I;ksfMaDl ds lkFk {ksf=; m|ksx tSls M~;w d] LisUlj ,oa vc eSDMkoy Hkh gSaA

ysfdu u rks dksd vkSj u gh isIlh vHkh lekIr gks x;s FksA os ,d fdukjs gVdj #[k ns[k jgs vkSj bUrtkj dj jgs FksA muds fy;s ;g ,d eksps Z dh gkj Fkh u fd ;q) es a gkj fokskdj isIlh vdsy

jkt djus dh /kqu esa dksd }kjk gkjh gqbZ tehu gfFk;kus ds fy;s rS;kj gks jgh FkhA bUrtkj dk [ksy pyrk jgk vkSj vks josy ds 1984 ds nks lky ckn isIlh us viuk ekSdk vkrs ns[kkA


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v/;k; & 2

ifrJr Hkwfe nkZu

Hkkjr geskk gh bu nks khry is; egkcfy;ks a ds fy;s Lof.kZeHkw fe] ,oa [kks;k gqvk LoxZ dk feJ.k jgkA ^isIlhdks oYMZ okbM cs ojsts^ ds v/;{k ,oa eq[; dk;Zikyd vf/kdkjh jkstj ,ufjdks Hkkjr dks djksM+ I;klh vkRekvks a dk xje nsk dgrs gSaA Hkkjr dh laHkkouk;s a vikj gSaA Hkkjr esa khry is; dh[kir izfr O;fDr ek= 2-8 cks ry izfr okZ gS tcfd ca Xyknsk eas ;g [kir 26 cksry gSA ikfdLrku izfr O;fDr [kir 13] FkkbZyS.M es a 86] vkS j ;wjksi rFkk vejhdk es a ;g la[;k ek% 180 vkSj 38isIlh bu vkdM+ ks a dks Hkzfer djus ds fy;s mi;ksx dj jgk gS vkSj izfrokZ lEHkkfor c


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) bl fok; es a ;g izkfLr tksM+ k x;k fd dSls isIlh daiuh vius vjcks a Mkyj dh mifLFkfr

foo] fokskdj e/;&iwoZ ds vuqHko rFkk vius laiw .kZ rduhfd ,oa izcU/kds vuqHkoks a ds lkFk ,d lghikVZuj cu jgk gSA 1 nsk ds d`fk {ks = ds iz kFkfed kfDr dk mRFkku] 2 u;s fu;kZr voljksa dk fuekZ.k,oa fonskh eqnzk dk 3%1 ds fu;kZr&vk;kr vuqikr ls] vkgj.k 3 mRikn xq.kokk ,oa Hkkjr es a fu;kZr N

dh c


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) (PAIC) rFkk VkVk dh la LFkk oksYVkl tks fd (PAIC) ds lkFk oksyQkeZ uke ls khry is; m|ksx esa viuhdksfkk ns[k pqds Fks tks cgqr lQy ugha gks ikbZA

mijksDr vferkHk ik.Ms +] tks fd MUdu ds izLrko dks fljs ls udkj pqds Fks] vc blh ifj;kstukdh Lohd`fr ds dj leFkZd ds :i eas [kM+s gq,A 10 vxLr] 1985 dks mUgkasus ,d xqIr VsysDl (PAIC)

ls isIlhdks ds kbZLV vycz kbZV ,oa us LVj dkcsfuy&ofjB mik/;{k] isIlhdks] dks lacksf/kr dj HkstkA iw jh rjg ls iyVh [kkdj vc og ,d e/;LFk ,oa pkVqdkfjrk dh gnrd lgk;d cusA mUgksaus isIlh dk jktuSfrd ,oa ukSdjkkgh lgkjksa dks ,df=r djus dk lq >ko fn;kA ik.M+ s dk VsysDl micU/k es a eqfn Lo;a bldh O;k[;k djrh gSA

fe- ts-lh-p ksiM+ k] ofjB mik/;{k oksYVkl ,oa iatkc ljdkj es a esjs lkfFk;ks a ls fopkj foekZ gqvkeSus ljnkj iz dkk flag ckny ls Hkh ckrs a dhA bu ppkZvksa ds vk/kkj ij esjk ;g lqfufpr er gS fd ;gizLrko ,oa iz kFkZuk i=] tSlk fd ;g gS] ljdkjh Lohd`fr ;k iatkc ljdkj dk iw.kZ leFkZu ug ik

ldrk gSA orZeku iz Lrko dk flQZ lq/kkj gh ugha cfYd iw jh rjg ls R;kx dj ,d u;k iz Lrko nsuk

gksxkA u;s izLrko ds iatkc ljdkj ls iwjk leFkZu ikus dh vkkk dh tk ldrh gS] ;fn bls fuEufyf rjhds ls cuk;k tk;s --------eSa vkkk djrk gw fd ;g VsysDl xqIr j[kk t+ k,xk rFkk orZeku es a bldhdksbZ ppkZ MUdu ds lkFk ugha dh tk,A ea S fQj ls dgrk gw fd ugha dh tk;sA ;fn mijksDr lq>k

Lohdk;Z gka s rks ea S pkgrk gw fd vki rq ja r jkT;iky Jh vtq Zu flag ;k eq[; lfpo Jh ih-,p- oS.ko igys dh eqykdkrks a dk gokyk ns rs gq, ,oa mijksDr rjhdksa ds rgr xBcU/ku dh laHkkoukvks a dks crkrgq, fy[ka sA ;g i= is Ilh ds rjQ ls tkuk pkfg;s u fd MUdu] oksYVkl ;k fdlh Hkkjrh; la LFkk vksj lsA ,dckj bl vkk; dk i= Hkstus ds ipkkr esjk lq>ko gS fd vkidh Vksyh pUM hx


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m|e d e[; ?kVd& d`fk vuq la/kku dsUnz iw th fuosk & 1-55 djksM+& vkyw @k; lalk/ku bdkbZ;k fuosk & 8 djksM+ & Qy@lCth la lk/ku bdkbZ;k fuos k & 7-5 djksM-

& khry is; lkanz ?kksy bdkbZ fuosk & 5-5 djksM+& dPps eky dk mi;ksx iatkc esa & 80]000 fefVd Vuukkikrh] VekVj] lso] vke Qy@lCth mRiknu dk 25% 20]000 fefVd Vu vkyw ,oa k; dqy mRiknu dk 7%

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bR;kfn lfEefyr

& fu;kZr izfrc)rk vof/k 10 okZ & U;wure lfEefyr fu;kZr vk; izfrc)rk :&200 djksM+A;g isIlh ds vius gh kCnksa es iz Lrko dk foLr`r lkjkak gSA /kks[kk/kM+ h dh vkS j xgjh tkp ckn e

nh tk;sxhAukSdjkkgh Nkuchu

fdlh Hkh ifj;kstuk dh Lohd`fr ds fy;s ;g lk/kkj.k izf;k gS fd lacaf/kr eU=ky; izLrko ifj;kstuk Lohd`fr ifjkn PAB dks ns rk gSA bl iz Lrko ds lUnHkZ es a Hkh ;gh fd;k x;kAPAB us viuhNkuchu isIlh dks miyC/k vka rfjd [kk| la lk/ku rdfudks a dks esutj j[k dj kq : fd;k] gksus oky

rduhdksa ds LFkkukUrj.k dh izd`fr ,oa rjhds] blls mRi gksus okys jkstxkj ds volj bR;kfnA bldsfy;s PAB eas pqus x;s lfpoks a dh 16 flrEcj] 1986 dks cSBd gqbZA ckn esaPAIC ds vQlj yksx d`f,oa lgdkfjrk lfpo Jhfuokl kkL=h ls feys ,oa ifj;kstuk ds fuLrkj.kks a ds fy;s iz kFkZuk fdAuoEcj 1986 dks [kk| ,oa ukxfjd vkiw frZ eU=ky; ds lfpo oh- fot;ks[kju us m|ksx eU=ky; d

m|ksx fodkl foHkkx ds lfpo dks fy[kk%^^lHkh izeq[k y{k.kks a ds lkFk nsk ds ykHkkFkZ] bR;kfn------ izLrko ds i{k esa ugha gSA isIlhdks dh 30

O;kikj d`f=e oLrqvks a dks Hkkjr es a cspus dh ifj;kstuk [kk| la lk/ku m|ksx dks {kfr igqpk;sxhA^^22 tuojh] 1987 dks vkfFkZd O;kikj foHkkx fMikVZesUV vkQ bdksukWfed vQs;j ,Q-,u-Vh-,

Vh lsDku us fuEufyf[kr ckrs a dgh % khry is; U;wure iz kFkfedrk dk {ks = gSA bl {ks = es a isIlhdks vkxeu ls ?kjsyq mRikndksa dks lE;d {kfr gksxhA izu gS fd fdl izdkj fonskh eqnz k dk fuxZeu ,fu;kZr vk; ds leUo; ij izHkkoh :i ls utj j[kh tk;A iz u tks fd /;ku esa j[kuk gS] ^^;g gS,d ckj bdkbZ ds LFkkiuk ds ipkr ljdkj ds ikl iz Lrkfor fu;kZr ds u gksus ij D;k fodYi jgxk \^

27 ebZ] 1987 dks ,d foksk PAB us fup; fd;k fd d`fk foHkkx dsvfrfjDr lfpo ds us r`Ro ,d ny [kk|] Qy ,oa lCth la lk/ku m|ksx esa rduhfd ;ksX;rk ,oa fokskKrk ds lkFk ,slh rdudks tkpus ,oa ifj;kstuk esa LFkkukUrfjr djus dh {kerk dh tkp djsxhA vkxs dgk x;k fd ;g ny


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) isIlh dh 60% fu;kZr dh mkjnkf;Rods fuokZg ds bPNk dk vkdyu djsxh d`fk vuq la/kku rFkk d

la lk/ku eas isIlhdks dh ;ksX;rk ,oa vuqHko ds ckjs es a foksk ppkZ es a 27 ebZ dh cSBd es a [kk| foHkkx;g dgk fd ^^muds ikl is Ilhdks dh ;ksX;rk ,oa vuqHko ds fok; ea s dksbZ fufpr lw puk ugh a gSA lkghPAIC }kjk dksbZ fufpr vkoklu Hkh ugha fn;k x;k gSA^^

;g r; fd;k x;k fd d`fk la lk/ku] [kk| ,oa lCth la lk/ku rduhd ds LFkkuka rj.k ds rduhdh;ksX;rk ds fok; esa PAB dks tkp ,oa vkdyu ds fy;s vkSj foLr`r lwpukvksa dh vko;drk gSA vxLr 10]1987 dks PAB dh ,d vkSj cSBd cqykbZ xbZ] ysfdu vfrfjDr lfpo] d`fk foHkkx

rduhdh i{k esa muds lw pukvks a dks tek u djus ds dkj.k dksbZ fu.kZ; ugha fy;k tk ldk] tks Hkh d`fk foHkkx dks bl fok; es a i=kpkj tkjh j[kus dks dgk x;kA tSlk fd ;gk irk pyr k gS] [k

la lk/ku isIlhdks dh rduhdh {kerk ds ckjs esa ftKklkvksa ds rgr vfrfjDr lfpo] d`fk foHkkx PAB dktkudkjh nas]^CFTRI, eSlw j dks Hkh rduhdh lacaf/kr fok;ks a dks tkpus dks dgk x;k gSA^^

nl fnuks a ds ckn cqyk;s x;s nw ljs cSBd es a vfrfjDr lfpo] d`fk }kjk ekxs x;s fofunZ skuk a ds

tokc esa CSIR us ntZ djk;k fd] ^^isIlhdks dk izLrko rduhdh foLrkj dk [kqyklk ugha djrhA vkxisIlhdks ,oa mldh lg;ksxh daiuh;k flQZ vkyw ,oa eDds ds mRiknks a ds lakks/ku dh vuqHkoh gSA^^ mijksDr ukSdjkkgh Nkuchu dh es jh izdfr ls ;g LiV gS fd ;g izLrko ew yHkwr eqks a dks Nqiku

eas lQy ugha gks ikbZA ;g LiV Fkk fd uke ds vuqlkj dksbZ Hkh rduhdh LFkkukUrj.k ug gksus okyFkkA fQjPAB us fljs ls bl izLrko dks vLohd`r D;ksa ugha fd;k\ blds ckn 22-55 djksM+ dh ;gifj;kstuk eaf=eaMy dks vxzlkfjr fd;k x;kA 6 flrEcj] 1988 dks iw js izLrko dks rkRdkfyu iz/kku =h

jktho xka/kh }kjk Lo;a pqus gq, eaf=;ks a ds ,d ny dks Hkstk x;kA kq: es a rkRdkyhu foRrea=h ,-Mfrokjh bl ny ds us rk Fks] ysfdu mudh txg ljnkj cwVk flag dks ;g in fn;k x;k tks fd isIlh d

vuqjkxh ds :i ea s tkfgj FksA ;g iw jh izf;k ljdkj dh viuh gh cukbZ gqbZ uhfr;ks a ds izfr opuc)rk,oa ukSdjkkgh dh lansgkRed dk;ZkSyh ds fy;s dbZ lokyksa dks tUe ns rh gSA ;g bl ifj;kstuk izLrkdh [kqyh izxfr Fkh tc rd fd bls loksZPp Lrj ls fuLrkfjr fd;k x;kA vkf[kj br us fojks/k vfojks/kkHkkl okyh ,d ifj;kstuk dks D;ksa Lohd`r fd;k x;k\


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v/;k;&3

iIlhdksyk ds ikstsDV dks dSls etwjh feyh\Hkkjr eas ftruk fojks/k isIlh dksyk ds vkus ij gqvk] mruk fdlh vU; fonskhdEiuh ds ckjs ugha gqvk gSA lekpkji=ks a ,oa ehfM;k es a Hkh isIlh dksyk ds ckjs es a cgqr dqN fy[kk x;kA la ln es a H

isIlh dksyk ds ckjs es a dkQh cgls a gqbZaA nsk ds dbZ Hkkxks a es a Hkh isIlh dksyk dk fojks/k gqvkA v[k a eftl rjg dh fjiksVZ isILkh dksyk ds ckjs esa Nih muds dqN mnkgj.k&1 ^^Hkkjr dks bl rduhd dh lkV fMad dksbZ t:jr ugha gS] ftl rjg dh rduhd dks ysdj;g vejhdh isIlh dksyk vk;h gSA lkV fMad khry is; Hkkjr dk izkFkfed {ks = ugha gSA khry ;,s lk {ks = ugha gS ftlesa fonskh iw ath fuosk dh t:jr gksA isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds ikl tks Hkh rduhgS] mls Hkkjr es a gh fodflr fd;k x;k gS vkSj mls csgrj Hkh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA^^

2 ^^Hkkjrh; khry is; m|ksx viuh rkdr vkSj {kerk ls gh vkxs c


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) xka/kh dks ,d [kqyk i= lka ln fpeuHkkbZ esgrk }kjk fy[kk x;k FkkA fpeuHkkbZ esgrk dkaxzs l lsfuyfEcr dj fn;k x;k FkkA bl i= eas a dqN bl rjg ls fy[kk x;k & ^^

fiz; Jh jkthoth] gkaykfd eq>s dkaxzsl ls fcuk fdlh vk/kkj ds fuyfEcr dj fn;k x;k gS] fQHkh es jk drZO; gS fd eSa dkaxzs l ikVhZ ds fgr es a fopkj d:A blfy;s ;g i= vkidks fy[k jgk gw A b

i= ds ek/;e ls eSa ,d cM+ h jktuSfrd Hkw y dh vks j /;ku fnykuk pkgrk gw ] tks vkids }kjk ,oa vkidhikVhZ ds }kjk dh x;h gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd O;fDrxr :i ls vki us isIlh&dksyk iz kstsDV dks leFkZnsdj Hkkjh xyrh dh gSA vHkh Hkh cgqr nsj ugha gq;h gS] ge bl xyrh dks Bhd dj ldrs gS aA ges a blisIlh izkstsDV dks ykxw djus esa nsjh djuh pkfg,] rkfd gesa fQj ls bl iz kstsDV ds ckjs eas lkspus dkekSdk feysA vkidks iatkc ;k=k esa ;g crk;k x;k fd] is Ilh dksyk izkstsDV dh ckr dkaxzs l ds fy;sykHkdkjh gksxh] ysfdu vkidh igyh iatkc ;k=k vPNh ugha jghA ges a bl is Ilh iz kstsDV ds dbZ igy ij fQj ls fopkj djuk gksxkA lcls egRoiw .kZ ;g gS fd yksx ekurs gSa fd isIlh&dksyk iz kstsDV ds ihNvkidk iw jk gkFk gS vkSj vkkhZokn gSA dkaxz sl ikVhZ dks pquko ds le; bldk Hkqxrku djuk iM+ sxkA ge

nsk ds yksx bl is Ilh izkstsDV dks jktho xka/kh ds usr`Ro okyh dkaxzs l dh] vehjksa ds fgr esa cuk;h tku okyh uhfr ds :i es a gh ns[ksaxsA ftl nsk es a yksxks a dks ihus dk ikuh ykus ds fy;s ehyks a iSny tkuiM+ rk gks] mlh nsk es a isIlh dEiuh ds khry is; dk fcduk] yk[kksa&djksM+ kas Hkkjrh; yksxksa ds fy;s tthou dh cqfu;knh lqfo/kkvks a ls oafpr gSa vieku tSlk gh gksxkA ftl rjg cksQkslZ rksi lkSns es a gekjcnukeh gq;h gS] mlh rjg bles a Hkh gksxhA ftl fu;kZr ds vk/kkj ij vkius isIlh iz kstsDV dgjh >.Mh fn[kkbZ gS] og fu;kZr dk rdZ yksxks a dks Lohdkj ugha gksxkA vkus okys pqukoksa esa ;g is IlhizkstsDV yksxks a dh utj esa [kVdsxk] vkSj gekjh ikVhZ dks ijkt; dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gSA isIlhdksyk ,d egkdk; dEiuh gS] tks fdlh Hkh ljdkj dk lEeku ugha djrh gSA ges a bl is Ilh iz kstsDV d

iw jh rjg ls cUn djuk gksxkA^îw oZ lkaln fpeuHkkbZ esgrk }kjk fy[ks x;s bl i= ds ckn lu~ 1989 esa jktho xka/kh dh vdkaxzsl ikVhZ dh pqukoksa ea s ijkt; gq ;hA mlds ckn jktho xka/kh us Lo;a ^^laMs^^ if=dk dks fn, ,d

lk{kkRdkj esa Lohdkj fd;k fd ^îsIlh iz kstsDV cgqr cqjk gSA^^ blh lk{kkRdkj esa jktho xka/kh us dgk^^tc ;g isIlh izkstsDV Lohd`r fd;k x;k Fkk] rc Bhd Fkk^Â blh rjg 13 flrEcj 1986 es a bUnzdqekxqtjky tks ckn es a Hkkjr ds iz/kkueU=h Hkh cus us ,d [kqyk i= iz/kkueU=h ds uke fy[kk] tVkbEl vkQ bf.M;k lekpkj&i= es a Hkh NikA bl i= es a fy[kk x;k ^^Jheku~] vkt dy is Ilh dksydEiuh ds leFkZu ,oa fojks/k es a cgqr lkjs rdZ&fordZ is yxrk gS fd Hkkjr es a [kk| izla Ldj.k m|ksx] Qy ,oa ckxokuh m|ksx es a kafr gks


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) pkfg,] ysfdu bl kafr ds fy;s fonskh dEifu;ks a dh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA bl kafr dh rduhd ijfdlh ,d dk lef/kdkj ugha gSA nqfu;k es a dbZ NksVs nsk tSls] cYxkfj;k vkSj xz hl us Hkh bl [kkizla Ldj.k dh rduhd esa egkjr gkfly dh gSA ;g rduhd [kqys cktkj es a vklkuh ls miyC/k gSA iIlhdEiuh ds }kjk iz Lrkfor djkj gekjs Hkkjr ds fgr esa ugha gSA nqfu;k ds vR;Ur vfodflr nskka s es a rk

isIlh izLrko dh dksbZ t:jr gks ldrh gS] ysfdu Hkkjr esa bldh dksbZ t:jr ughaA isIlh dEiuh Hkds fdlkuks a dk cgqr uqdlku djsxh] D;ks afd isIlh tSlh lHkh vejhdh dEifu;ks a dh vknr ,dkf/kdkj d lkFk O;kikj djus dh jgh gSA gekjs fdlku ,d fonskh dEiuh ds jgeksdje ij fuHkZj gks tk;s a] ;gfcYdqy vPNk ugha gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk Hkkjr es a vkuk ,d xyr kq#vkr gS ftlls] vkus oky

le; esa vU; vejhdh dEifu;ksa ds fy;s Hkh Hkkjr esa ,d jkLrk [kqy tk;sxkA Hkkjr es a cgqr N mn~ns;ksa vkSj vius LokFkZ ds fy;s dke djus okys jktuhfrKks a dks ;s fonskh dEifu;k vius fy;s ykWcukus ds fy;s mi;ksx djrh gSaA ;g ykWch Hkkjrh; uhfr;ks a dks tks le; fl) [kjh mrjha gSa] cny nsxh;g nsk ds fy;s [krjukd gksxkA^^

isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds fojks/k es a tc bl rjg ds [kqys i= iz/kkueU=h dks fy[ks tkus yxs] rks fQjbl dEiuh us ,d u;k rjhdk viuk;kA bl dEiuh ds deZpkfj;ksa us iatkc ds dqN xka oks a esa tkdjfdlkuks a dks cgyk&Qq lykdj vius leFkZu ea s ,d gLrk{kj vfHk;ku pyk;kA yxHkx bl rjg ls 20]00gLrk{kj Hkkjr ljdkj dks lkS ais x;sA Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkeus ;g isk fd;k x;k fd is Ilh&dksyk Hkkjr es a a fdlku Hkh pkgrs gSaA ijks{k:i ls Hkkjr ljdkj dks ;g /kedh Hkh nh x;h fd ;fn ljdkj uisIlh&dksyk iz kstsDV dks eatw jh ugha nh rks iatkc ea s fdlkuks a dk oksV dkaxzsl ikVhZ tks ml le; ljdesa Fkh dks ugha feysxkA bl gLrk{kj vfHk;ku esa isIlh dksyk dEiuh ds vferkHk ik.Ms ,oa xksdqiVuk;d uke ds cM+s&cM+ s vf/kdkj h kkfey FksA

isIlh dEiuh us Hkkjr ljdkj ij ncko Mkyus ds fy;s rRdkyhu iatkc esa py jgs mxzokn&vkradokn dk Hkh Hkjiw j iz ;ksx fd;kA isIlh dEiuh us viuh vksj ls ,d izpkj vfHk;ku pykfd] ^^iatkc dh lHkh vkfFkZd&jktuSfrd leL;kvksa dk lek/kku isIlh izkstsDV ds Lohd`r gks tkus es a ghgS A isIlh dEiuh us ;g Hkh izpkj v[kckjks a ds }kjk djk;k fd ^^;fn isIlh izkstDV dks tYn Lohdkj ugfd;k x;k rks iatkc dh vkfFkZd leL;k;sa Hkh c


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) x;kA isIlh dEiuh ds lHkh cM+ s vf/kdkjh jeskoaxy] vferkHk ik.Ms] tkfgj csx] d`.ku rFkk rRdkdkaxzsl ikVhZ ds lfpo vfuykkL=h yxkrkj lka ln Mk - jktsoju ds lEidZ es a jgsA Mk - jktsoju

rfeyukMq ls lka ln Fks] tks fQYeh nqfu;k ls jktuhfr es a vk;s FksA Mk- jktsoju ds lg;ksx lsfr:fpjkiYyh ds dkaxzs l lka ln vMSdyjkt dks isIlh ds leFkZu ds fy;s rS;kj fd;k x;kA vMSdyjk

rfeyukMq ds cgqr cM+ s kjkc m|ksxifr gqvk djrs FksA isIlh dEiuh us ^fMuj fMIykses lh^ dk Hkj jbLrseky djuk kq: fd;kA vMSdyjkt us isIlh dEiuh ds lkFk lkSnsckth djuk kq: fd;kAIlhdEiuh us nf{k.k Hkkjr es a vMSdyjkt dks viuk Sapkblh cukus dk lkSnk dj fy;kA cnys e vMSdyjkt us nf{k.k Hkkjrh; lka lnks a ds gLrk{kj isIlh ds leFkZu es a tqVkuk kq: dj fn;kA bl izfesa dbZ ,sls lka lnks a ds gLrk{kj Hkh isIlh dEiuh ds leFkZu esa fy;s x;s] ftUgks aus iwoZ es a isIlh dEiuh dfojks/k es a gLrk{kj fd;s FksA rfeyukMq iznsk ds 48 lka lnks a ds gLrk{kj isIlh dEiuh ds leFkZu es a fy;sx;sA blesa ckn es a 8 vkS j ,s ls lkalnksa us gLrk{kj fd;s] tks lHkh iwoZ es a isIlh dEiuh ds iz kstsDV dfojks/k es a gLrk{kj ;qDr Kkiu jktho xka/kh dks ns pqds FksA bl izdj.k ls ;g lkQ gks tkrk gS fd gek

la lnh; yksdrU= dks bu LokFkhZ] vuSfrd] xS j ftEesnkj] vkSj HkzV lka lnksa us ,d rjg ls oSpkfj os;kofk cuk fn;k gSA bl rjg is Ilhdksyk ds leFkZu es a 54 lka lnksa us gLrk{kj dj fn;sA 15 vxL1986 dks ;s lHkh 54 lka lnksa ds gLrk{kj isIlh dEiuh dks lkSais x;sA ckn es a bu gLrk{kjks a dks jkthxka/kh dks fn;k x;kA blh 15 vxLr 1986 dks isIlh dksyk dEiuh us lka ln vMSdyjkt ds lkFk ,dO;kikfjd le>kS rk fd;k (Franchise Agreement), ftlds vk/kkj ij nf{k.k Hkkjr es a isIlh dEiuh dO;kikfjd lkezkT; LFkkfir gqvkA

isIlh dEiuh ds eq[; vf/kdkjh jesk oaxy us lkalnks a dks vius leFkZu es a djus ds ckn fQj db jkT;ksa ds eq[;eaf=;ks a dks vius izHkko esa ysuk kq: fd;kA bldM+ h esa lcls igys tEew&dehj

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ds eq[; vf/kdkjh jesk caxy }kjk gh fy[ks x;s FksA 19 flrEcj 1988 dks jktho xka/kh us isIlh&ds kyk ds iz kstsDV dks vfUre :i ls ea twjh ns fn;

gkykfd jktho xka/kh ds eq[; lfpo xksih vjksjk us Hkh dkQh fojks/k fd;kA mUgks aus jktho xka/kh dks dkQ le>kus dh dksfkk fd bl izkstsDV dks eatw jh nsus ds ifj.kke dkQh [kjkc gks axsA ysfdu jktho xka/kh xksih vjks jk dh ckr dk Hkh /;ku ugha fn;kA ftl ea =ky; dh vks j ls isIlhdksyk izkstsDV dks eatw jh nhx;h ,oa ?kksk.kk dh x;h og eU =ky; [kk| ,oa izlaLdj.k ea =ky; FkkA bles a ml le; eU=h gqvkdjrs Fks] txnhk VkbZVyjA 19 flrEcj 1988 dh kke 8 ctdj 40 feuV ij nwjnkZu l a es

ljdkj ds }kjk isIlh&dksyk dh ifj;kstuk eatw jh dk lekpkj vk;kA


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) Hkkjr ljdkj us isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk dks ft u krks Za ds vk/kkj ij eatw jh nh os krsZ a bl izdkj

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le; yx jgk gSA Hkkjr nsk es a bl le; lu~ 2003 esa isIlh vkS j dksdkdksyk dh dqy fch 7djksM+ #- izfrokZ gSA bl le; vkSlru isIlh&dksdkdksyk dh ,d cks ry 10 # - dh csph tkrh gSA vFyxHkx 700 djksM+ cksry izfrokZ isIlh o dksdkdksyk dh Hkkjr es a fcd jgh g SA ,d cks ry ij 6 iSls dk

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ls isIlh&dksd dks dj eqDr fd;k gqvk gSA vxj eku fy;k tk; fd isIlh o dksdkdksyk dEifu;ks a dkO;oLFkk[kpZ] foKkiu [kpZ vkS j djks a dk [kPkZ dqy fch dk 40 ls 50 izfrkr gks rks gj lky ;s nks

dEifu;k 3500 djksM+ #i;s Hkkjr ls equkQs ds :i es a yw Vdj vejhdk ys tk jgh gSaA isIlhdksyk dEids ,d eq[; vf/kdkjh jktho c[kh ds vuqlkj bu BaMs is;ksa ij foKkiu dk dqy [kpkZ] dqy fc12% ds vkl&ikl gksrk gSA vFkkZ r BaMs is;kas dh dqy isIlh o dksdkdksyk fch 7000 djksM+ #- rkfoKkiu [kpZ gqvk 850 djksM+ #-A vFkkZ r izR;sd cksry ij foKkiu [kpZ yxHkx 1-20 #-1 #i;s]20 iScSBrk gSA

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mBk;s] ysfdu dqN ugha gqvkA bl rjg isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkFk fd;s x;s le>kSdh ,d Hkh krZ dks dHkh iw jk ugha fd;kA fu;kZ r djus ds izu ij geskk gh isIlh us fdlh vU; dEiuh;k O;fDr }kjk fd;s x;s fu;kZr dks viuk fu;kZr crk;k] vkS j ljdkj dks /kks[kk fn;kA Hkkjr ds fdlkuk

ls vke] phdw] VekVj] ve:n] lsc vkfn [kjhndj fQj izla Ldj.k djds mUgs a fu;kZr djus dk tks okisIlh dk Fkk] mls Hkh dHkh iw jk ugha fd;k x;kA tc VkbZEl Vh-oh- }kjk isIlh&dksyk dh xfrfof/k;ks ij,d Qhpj rS;kj fd;k x;k o ;g iw Nk x;k fd os lc QSDVfj;k dgk ij gSa tgka ls Qyks a dk iz laLdj.kdjds fu;kZr fd;k tkrk gS] rks dEiuh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa us dksbZ Hkh tokc ugha fn;kA

tc Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj ehfM;k dh vks j ls isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ij ncko Mkyk x;k rks ,d fnvpkud isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us tqykbZ 1991 esa fnYyh esa ,d foksk i=dkj ifjkn~ dk vk;kstu fd;kftles a dEiuh dh vks j ls dgk x;k fd] isIlh dEiuh }kjk 9-62 djksM+ #- dk fu;kZr fd;k x;k gysfdu ;g fu;kZr Fkk pk;] pkoy] dkWVu ds rkSfy;s tSlh oLrqvksa dk uk fd isIlh }kjk mRiknu dh

oLrqvks a dkA ysfdu ljdkj }kjk ;g lc dqN tkuus ij Hkh dksbZ dB+ ksj dk;Zokgh ugha dh x;hA Hkk ljdkj ds [kk| iz laLdj.k ea =ky; ds lfpo vkj-ds-jFk }kjk tqykbZ 1991 es a ,d dM+ k i= okf.kTea=ky; dks fy[kk x;kA ml i= es a isIlh dEiuh dh lkjh iksy [kksyh x;hA isIlh }kjk ljdkj dks /kk[kfn;s tkus ds ckjs esa Hkh foLrkj ls fy[kk x;k vkSj isIlh dEiuh ds f[kykQ dkuw uh dk;Zokgh dju dsfy;s dgk x;kA ysfdu bl ij Hkh dqN ugha gqvkA

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Hkh blh rjg /ku ,df=r djuk kq# fd;kA ;g lkjk /ku ml le; ,df=r fd;k tk jgk Fkk] tcisIlh dEiuh dk fof/kor dk;Z Hkh Hkkjr esa kq# ugha gqvk FkkA vfuoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ls fonskh eqnzk dkuw uks a dk mYy?kau djds 1-5 djksM+ Mkyj ,df=r fd;s x;sA

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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) vk;kr djus ij vk;kr dj cgqr gh de yxrk gS A bl rjg ds vk;kr esa rRdkyhu Qsjk dkuwu dkcM+ s iSekus ij mYya?ku fd;k x;kA


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^ygj^ kCn yxkdj bLrseky djuk kq: fd;k A tSls& ^ygj isIlh^] ^^ygj ls ou vi^^] ^^ygj fefjUM^^ygj Lykbl^^ vkfn yxk;kA bu foKkiuks a dk lcls vf/kd iz;ksx isIlh dEiuh us Hkkjr ds Lora =rkfnol ,oa x.kra = fnolksa ij fd;kA Vsyhfotu pSuyksa ij yksdfiz; /kkjkokfgdks a ds kq#gksus ds iw oZ bfoKkiuksa dks lcls vf/kd fn[kk;k tkrk jgkA dbZ fgUnh fQYeks a dk Hkh isIlh dEiuh us vius izpkj dfy;s iz;ksx fd;kA mnkgj.k ds fy;s fouksn ik.M+ s dh fQYe ^^ifjank^^ dks 60 yk[k :- nsdj isIlh uvius fy;s bLrseky fd;kA Hkkjrh; flusek ds dykdkjks a tw ghpkoyk] jseksQukZUMhl dks isIlh&dksykdEiuh us foKkiu ds fy;s lcls igys vuqcaf/kr fd;kA

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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) fMCckcan Hkkstu LuSd Qw M vk;kr djus ,oa 151 djksM+ #- lkUnz ?kksy (Concentrate) ) vk;kr djus rFk66 djksM+ #- ykHkkak ds :i esa ys tkus dk mYys[k fd;kA vFkkZr dqy feykdj 497 djksM+ #- Hkkjr ckgj tkus dh ckr bl iz Lrko esa dgh x;hA

lHkh fonskh dEifu;k fodklkhy nskks a dh ywV djus ds fy;s cnuke jgha gS aA bu dEifu;ks a dk lcls cM+

mn~ns; /ku dekdj vius &vius nskks a es a ys tkus dk gh jgrk gSA /ku dks ys tkus ds fy;s dbZ ?kksfkr&v?kksfkr jkLgqvk djrs gS aA dqN dkuw uh vkS j dqN xS jdkuw uh jkLrksa ls ;g /ku ys tk;k tkrk gSA dkuwuh ,oa ?kksfkr jkLrk /kutkus dk ykHkkak ds :i esa ;k kq) equkQs ds :i es a gks rk gSA ysfdu xS jdkuw uh vkS j v?kksfkr jkLrk V ka lQj iz kbflax(Transfer pricing) dk gksrk gSA lHkh fonskh dEifu;k vk;kr vkS j fu;kZ r dk O;kikj viuh gh dEifu;ksa (ParentsCompanies) ds lkFk djrh gS aA tc Hkh dksbZ fonskh dEiuh] vk;kr djrh gS rks geskk cktkj ds ew Y; ls cgq r ps Hi j] viuh gh lg;ksxh dEiuh ls djrh gSA blh rjg tc Hkh dksbZ fonskh dEiuh fu;kZ r djrh gS rks viuh g

lg;ksxh dEiuh dks cktkj Hkko ls de ew Y; ij ns rh gSA bl rjg nksuks a gh jkLrksa ls /ku dks ys tkus dk dk;Z fd;ktkrk gSA fonskh dEifu;k ftl ns k esa tkrh gS a] ogk dh LFkkuh; Lonskh dEifu;ks a ds lkeus izfrLi/kkZ esa a djksM+ ka s # - dk

uqdlku mBkdj Hkh lLrh dher ij eky csp ldrh gS aA isIlh&dksyk us lu~ 1990&91 es a ;gh fd;k vkS jyxHkx 24 djksM+ #- dk ?kkVk mBk;kA


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iIlh&dksyk ,o dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ks }kjk jktufrd gLr{k

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jkVifr dh ljdkj dk r[rk iyV is Ilh&dksyk dEiuh us lh -vkbZ-,- dh enn ls djk;kA vejhdi=dkj&ys[kd ckWc oqMoMZ us viuh iqLrd ^^lhsV okj vkQ lh-vkbZ ,-^^ es a bl luluh[ks t rF; dk

mn~?kkVu fd;k FkkA ;g iq Lrd lu~ 1981 ls 1987 ds chp es a lh-vkbZ-,-}kjk nwljs nskks a es a fd;s x;s jktuSfrd gLr{ksi dks mtkxj djrh gSA ftl le; is Ilh&dksyk dEiuh dk Hkkjr es a iz osk gqvk m

le; bl dEiuh dk eq [; vf/kdkjh MksukYM dSaMy gksrk FkkA bl MksukYM dSaM jkVifr fjpM Z fuDlu ls dkQh xgjh nksLrh jghA ftl le; lYoknksj vysUns dh ljdkj dk fpyh es r[rk iyV fn;k x;k vkSj fQj lYoknksj vysUns dh gR;k dh x;h] rc vejhdk es a fjpMZ fuDlu jkVifr Fkk] vkS j MksukYM dSaMy isIlh dEiuh dk eq[; vf/kdkjh FkkA vejhdh jkVifr fjpMZ u u rRdkyhu lh-vkbZ-,-ds funskd vkj - gsYe dks vknsk fn;k Fkk] fd fdlh Hkh dher ij fpyh jkVifr lYoknksj vysUns ugha jguk pkfg,A ftl le; fpyh es a lYoknksj vysUns jkVifr cuk] le; is Ilh&dksyk dEiuh dk fpyh es a eq[; O;kikjh vkWxLVhu ,MokMZ FkkA lYoknksj vysUns nskHkDr ,oa Lonskh leFkZd FkkA og vius nsk fpyh dh yw V cUn djkus ds fy;s vejhdh dEifu;ks a ij

fkdatk dl jgk FkkA tc lYoknksj vysUns vius nsk dks vejhdh dEifu;ksa ds kksk.k ls eqDr djkus iz;kl es a yxk gqvk Fkk] mlh le; vkWx LVhu ,MoMZ vejhdk x;k vkS j vejhdk ds fonsk eU=h gujhfdflaxj dks feykA gsujh fdflaxj ls mldh eqykdkr ds ckn og lh-vkbZ-,-ds funskd vkj - gsYe dfeykA ;s nksuksa gh eqykdkrs a isIlhdksyk dEiuh ds eq[; vf/kdkjh MksukYM dSaMy us djk;hA MksudSaMy ebZ 1991 rd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk eq[; vf/kdkjh jgkA lu~ 1970 es a lYoknksj vysUns fpyhdk jkVifr cuk vkSj lu~ 1973 es a mldh gR;k dj nh x;hA gR;k ds iw oZ vejhdk es a rRdkyhu jkVfjpMZ fuDlu us] la ln es a dgk fd ^^fpyh dk orZeku jkVifr lYoknks j vysUns vejhd h fgrksa ds fo:)gS A ;gh ckr lh-vkbZ-,-funskd vkj - gsYe }kjk ,oa isIlh dEiuh ds eqf[k;k MksukYM dSaMy }kjk H

dgh x;hA ftuds nLrkost vkt Hkh miyC/k gS aA vejhdk dh lHkh dEifu;k] vejhdh lkez kT;okn dnqfu;k ds reke nskksa es a QSykus ds fy, dke djrh j gha gSaA isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk dks vejhd

lkezkT;okn ds nks gkFk ekuk tkrk gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh }kjk dbZ ckj ;g dgk x;k gS fd ^^tc rddksbZ O;kikjh gekjs fgrks s a dh iw frZ djrk jgsxk] rHkh rd og O;kikj djrk jgsxk vkS j le`f)kkyh gks

jgsxk^^AHkkjrh; la ln es a Hkh isIlh&dksyk dEiuh ,oa lh-vkbZ-,- ds vkilh lEcU/kka s ij dkQh dqN dg

x;kA 21 ls 27 tqykbZ 1991 ds lkIrkfgd v[kckj ^^lUMs vkWCtcZj^^ (Sunday observer) es a foLrkj ls bl


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) ij fy[kk x;kA blh vad esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd Hkkjr ds dqN usrkvksa ,oa 17 vf/kdkfj;ks a uisIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk dks Hkkjr es a ykus esa fjor yh gSA

Hkkjrh; jktuhfr es a Hkh iw oZ iz/kkueU=h jktho xka/kh us vejhdk fojks/kh :[k viuk;k FkkA [kkM+ h ;q) gks jgk Fkk] rks jktho xka/kh us vejhdh gokbZ tgktksa es a rsy Hkjus ls badkj djk;k Fk

isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks jksdus dh Hkjiw j dksfkk dh Fkh ysfdu dqN lkalnks a ds ncko ea s vkdjisIlh&dksyk dks eatwjh nhA D;wck ds jkVifr QhMsydkL=ks ,oa fQfyLrhuh usrk ;klj vjkQkr us ml le; jktho xka/kh dks lko/kku jgus ds fy;s lansk Hksts FksA D;ks afd b u nksuks a us rkvks a dks jktho xka/kh dgR;k fd;s tkus dk vanskk gks x;k FkkA 21 ebZ 1991 dks ftl fnu jktho xka/kh dh gR;k gq;h] mlhfnu VkbEl vkWQ bfUM;k lekpkj i= dks fn;s x;s vius lk{kkRdkj es a jktho xka/kh us dgk fd êgkkfDr Hkkjr dks fLFkj gks rs ns[kuk ugha pkgrh gS^Â tc jktho xka/kh dks iw Nk x;k fd og egkkfdkSu gS\ rks mUgksaus tokc fn;k fd ^ôg egkkfDr lksfo;r&:l rks ugha gh gS^Â vFkkZ r~ og egkkfvejhdk gSA mlh nkS jku ^lUMs (Sunday) uked lekpkj i= es a Hkh jktho xka/kh dk ,d lk{kkRdkjizdkf

gqvk Fkk] ftles a mUgks aus isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh dM+ h vkykspuk dh FkhA mlesa dgk x;k fd ^^ftl vk/kkij is Ilhdksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa ykbls al fn;k x;k] mles a rks [kk| iz laLdj.k dk {ks= eq[; Fkk j mles a 50]000 yksxks a dks jkstxkj nsus dh ckr egRoiw .kZ FkhA ysfdu isIlh dEiuh us bldk ikyu ughfd;k gSA jktho xka/kh us oh-ih-flag ljdkj dh vkykspuk djrs gq;s dgk fd ;g ljdkj isIlh&dksykdEiuh ds f[kykQ dksbZ Hkh dk;Z okgh ugha dj jgh gS] cfYd isIlh dEiuh dks cpkus dh dksfkk dj jggSA

jktho xka/kh dhgR;k Jhyadk eas fga lkoknh laxBu fycjsku VkbxlZ vkQ rfey bZye (LTTE) ufd;kA bl laxBu dks izfk{k.k nsus dk dk;Z btjk;yh laLFkk eks lkn djrh jgh gSA eks lkn ds vejhdh

xqIrpj laLFkk lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk utnhdh lEcU/k gSaA isIlh&dksyk dks nf{k.k Hkkjr es a QSykus okyvMSdyjkt dh lgkuqHkw fr (LTTE) ds lkFk jgh gSA ;fn bl utfj;s ls jktho xka/kh gR;kdkaM[kkstchu dh tk;s rks dqN vkSj lPpkbZ lkeus vk ldrh gSA

lksfo;r la ?k ea s tks Hkh dqN xr 10&15 okks Za esa s jktuSfrd :i ls ?kfVr gqvk] og isIlh&dksyk d lksfo;r la?k eas tkus ds ckn gh gqvkA blh rjg phu esa Hkh jktuSfrd mFky&iqFky isIlh&dksyk digqpus ds ckn gh gq;hA


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Hkkjrh; lekpkj&i=ks ,oa if=dkvks ea iIlh&dksyk ds ck

mn~?kkfVr lR;

9 vxLr 1986] dks ^^djaV^ (Current) if=dk es a izdkfkr%& ^^Hkkjrh; la ln ds bfrgkl esa db okks Z a ea s igyh ckj lRrk i{k ,oa foi{k ds lkalnka s esa] isIlh&dksyk ds izu ij bruh ,drk fn[kk;h n jgh gSA^^

3 flrEcj 1989 dks ^^fCyV~t^^ (BLITZ) es a izdkfkr%& ^îsIlh&dksyk ds vejhdh xqIrpj l LF lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk lEcU/kksa ds vfrfjDr vU; dbZ egRoiw .kZ eqn~ns gSa] ftu ij fopkj djus dh t:jr gSAisIlh&dksyk dks Hkkjr ds cktkj esa ywVus dh [kqyh NwV ns nh x;h gS^Â

& ^^;g vkp;Z dh ckr gS fd lRrk i{k ds vUnj gh isIlh&dksyk dk fojks/k djus okys vf/kd g ysfdu fQj Hkh bl dEiuh dh ifj;kstuk dks eatw jh feyh gS^âA

& ^^Hkkjr es a vkyw dk fpIl cukus vkSj BaMs is; dh iw jh rduhd miyC/k gS] fQj Hkh ,d fokvejhdh dEiuh dks Hkkjr es a yk;k x;k gSA kk;n gh dHkh ;g dEiuh vius fu;kZr ok;nksa dks iw jkdjsxhA ,d ckj bl dEiuh dk mRiknu dk;Z kq# gks x;k rks fQj Hkkjr ljdkj Hkh ncko Mky e vleFkZ gksxhA vUrr% vius fu;kZr ok;nksa dks iw jk djus ds fy;s ;g dEiuh igys ls fu;kZr gks jg

lkekuks a dk fu;kZr vius uke ls [kjhn dj] dj ysxhA^^

6 ebZ 1989 QkbusfUk;y ,Dlizsl eas izdkfkr%& ^^ftu vejhdh dEifu;ks a ds O;kikfjd fgHkkjr ds cktkj es a gS a] os lHkh Hkkjr ds fo#) yxk;s tkus okys lqij&301] Lisky&301 ds iz ko/kkuk a dsfojks/k esa gSaA bl lUnHkZ es a isIlh dEiuh ds eqf[k;k MksukYM dS aMy us vejhdh O;kikj izfrfuf/k dks fy[kk gS vkSj mUgsa lq>ko fn;k gS fd Hkkjr ij lqij&301 ds rgr dk;Z okgh ugha djs a^Â

3 uoEcj 1988 dks ^^n fgUnw^^ esa izdkfkr%& ^^Hkkjr ds dbZ fgLlks a esa ;g vkkadk O;Dr dh tk jgh gS fd [kk| iz laLdj.k ds {ks = esa ,d fonskh dEiuh dk vkuk Hkkjr ds fy;s vPNk ugha gksxkA bdEiuh dh Hkkjr dks dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA vPNk gksrk fd Lonskh dEifu;ksa ,oa Lonskh rduhd dks bl

{ks= es a ckSrs ds fy;s dbZ fu;eks a dk mYya?ku gqvk gS^Â 23 vDVw cj 1988 dks ^^n fgUnq Lrku VkbEl^^ esa izdkfkr%& ^îsIlh&dksyk dEiuh }kjk de

50]000 yksxks a dks jkstxkj fn;k tk;sxk^Â27 flrEcj 1988 dks ^^VkbEl vkQ bf.M;k^^ esa izdkfkr%& ^îatkc ds fdlkuks a dh ,d gs DVs

Hkw fe ls yxHkx 7000 #- dh vkenuh gks jgh gS tks cgqr de gSA isIlh&dksyk dh ifj;kstuk vkuckn iatkc ds fdlkuks a dh vkSlru vkenuh yxHkx 15000 #- izfrgsDVs;j ls 25]000 #- izfr gsD;j


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) Hkkjr tSls nsk dks fonskh khry is; dh t:jr gS\ vkS j og Hkh viuh lq j{kk O;oLFkk dks [krjs e Mkydj] fonskh dEiuh dks cqykuk cgqr eagxk iM+ ldrk gS\^^

11 Qjojh 1988 dks ^^n fgUnqLrku VkbEl^^ esa izdk fkr%& ^^Hkkjr ljdkj us Lonskh v j Lokoyacu ds jkLrs dks NksM+ dj is Ilh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr es a vkus dh vuqefr nh gS tks nsk d

vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy;s ?kkrd fl) gksxk^Â ;g c;ku iw oZ iz/kkueU=h pUnzks[kj us fn;k FkkA 1990&1991 esa pkj ekg ds fy;s pUn zks[kj nsk ds iz/kkueU=h cus rks mUgksaus isIlh&dksyk dEiuh d?kksVkyks a vkS j ok;nk f[kykQh ds ckjs es a tkp djk;h vkSj dEiuh dks uksfVl fn;k x;kA lkFk gh lkpUnzks[kj ljdkj us isIlh&dksyk }kjk ijkekZ kqYd(Consultancy Fees) ds uke ij Hkkjr ls /ku vejhdys tkus ij ikcUnh yxk fn;kA lHkh dj olw yus okys foHkkxks a tSls mRikndj funskkky; ,oa vk;dj odEiuhdj funskky;ks a dks isIlh&dksyk ds s f[kykQ l[rh cjrus ds vknsk fn;s x;sA ysfdu bu lHkdk;Z okgh ij dksbZ Bks l QSlyk ljdkj ys ikrh] mlds iw oZ gh pUnz ks[kj ljdkj fxj x;hA iatkc ds ,dusrk cyoa r fla g jkew okfy;k us rRdkyhy iz/kkueU=h pUnzks[kj dks ,d yEck i= fy[kk FkkA bl i= e

isIlh&dksyk dh /kks[kk/kM+ h ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls fy[kk x;k FkkA14 1 vDVwcj 1988 dks ^^djaV^ (Current) if=dk es a izdkfkr%& ^^jktho xka/kh ljdkj ds ckjs e tks Hkh vQokgs a mM+ jgh gS a] /khjs&/khjs os lc lp gks rh tk jgh gSaA vHkh gky gh es a jktho xka/kh dvejhdk okfkxaVu ;k=k gq;h gSA bl ;k=k ls ykSVus ds ckn gh Hkkjr ljdkj ds m|ksx ea =h ts

os axyjko us isIlh&dksyk ifj;kst uk dks vPNk dguk kq# fd;k gS] tcfd kq# esa os isIlh&dksyk dkfojks/k djrs jgsA ;g dSlk QS lyk gS fd isIlh ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh nsus ds fy;s ,d u;k ea =ky; [kk|,oa iz la Ldj.k ds uke ls [kksyk x;k gSA okLro esa rks ;g ifj;kstuk m|ksx ea =ky; ds }kjk gh Lohgks ldrh FkhA ysfdu vyx ls u;k ea =ky; [kksyuk kd iSnk djrk gSA txnhk VkbZVyj tSls fonsk

dEifu;ks a ds leFkZd dks bl u;s [kk| ,oa izla Ldj.k ea =ky; dk ea=h cuk;k tkuk Hkh kd iSnkgSA pw fd kq# ea s m|ksxeU=h ts-oasxyjko us bl is Ilh ifj;kstuk dks udkj fn;k Fkk] blfy;s u;keU=ky; cukdj isIlh&dkssyk dks eatwjh nh x;h gSA m|ksx lfpo vksfrek cks jfn;k Hkh bl isIlhifj;kstuk ds f[kykQ jgs gSaA ysfdu m|ksx ea=ky; ds jkT;ea =h v#.kkpye isIlh&dksyk ds leFkZu e

jgsA D;kss afd rfeyukMq ds gh v#.kkpye ds vMSdyjkt ds lkFk vPNs lEcU/k gaS^Â nf{k.k HisIlh&dksyk dks QSykus es a vMSdyjkt dh eq[; Hkwfedk jghA

15 21 flrEcj 1988 dks ^^n bfUM;u iks LV^^ esa izdkfkr%& ^ôkeiaFkh ikfVZ;k-ih-vkbZ- vkSj lh-ih-vkbZ- nksuka s us gh Hkkjr ljdkj ls ekx dh gS fd isIlh&dksyk dks fn;k x;k ykbZls a l jn~n

fd;k tk;A jktho xka/kh ljdkj dh mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr ds rgr bl is Ilh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkvuqefr nsuk nqHkkZX;iw.kZ gSA ;g dne Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks fonskh dEifu;ksa ds gkFkks a fxjoh j[kutSlk gSA Hkkjr ljd kj foo cSad vkSj eqnzkdksk ds funs Zkksa ij dke dj jgh gS] vkS j Hkkjr dks fondEifu;ks a dh yw V ds fy;s [kksy fn;k x;k gSA^^

16 21 flrEcj 1986 dks ^^vkxZukbtj^^ esa izdkfkr%& ^îsIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr es a vkus nsukfcYdqy Hkh le>nkjh dk QSlyk ugha gSAisIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk khry is; ,slh [kkl pht ugha gS vkSuk gh bl dEiuh dk vkyw fpIl ,s lk [kkl gSA 1977 es a Hkkjr ls dksdk&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkxk;k xFkk] D;ks afd og dEiuh vius khry is; dk QkewZyk crkus dks rS;kj ugha FkhA vkyw dk fpIl vkSj


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) dh pVuh Hkkjr ds ?kj&?kj es a] xko&xko esa curk gSA vr% fpIl vkSj pVuh cukus ds fy;s vejhdhdEiuh dks ykus dk dksbZ vkSfpR; ugha gSA oSls rks isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us iw oZ esa dHkh Hkh vkyw dk fpIlvkSj VekVj dh pVuh cukus dk dk;Z ugha fd;k gS] vkSj uk gh [kk| izla Ldj.k dk dksbZ vuqHko bdEiuh ds ikl gSA jktho xka/kh ljdkj us bl isIlh ifj;kstuk dks tks eatwjh nh gS] mldk ,d Hk

vk/kkj Bks l ugha gSA^^ ;g c;ku Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds usrk t; dk gS] tks ikVhZ dh vkfFkZd uhf okys lew g ds izeq[k jgsA bl c;ku ds yxHkx 10 lky ckn Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds usrRo es a ,d ljdkj cuh tks vHkh rd vDVw cj&2003 rd py jgh gSA ysfdu vHkh rd bl ljdkj us HisIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds f[kykQ dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha fd;k gSA


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Hkkjrh; laln e iIlh dks yk ds ckjs e iNs x; iu ,oaljdkj ds ef=;ks }kjk fn;s x; mRrj

tc ls isIlh&dksyk dEiuh Hkkjr es a vk;h] rHkh ls ysdj vkt rd yxHkx 500 izu fofHk lka lnksa }kjk la ln es a iw Ns x;sA ftues s a ls dqN izeq[k izuksa dks uhps fn;k tk jgk gSA

lkaln nhiu ?kksk }kjk iwNk x;k izu

& 29 vxLr 1991%&

izu%& eSa ljdkj ls ;g tkuuk pkgrk gw fd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Lohd`r] ysVj vkQ bUU(Letter of Intent) es a tks kCn ^VuZ vks oj^ fy[kk x;k gS] mldk vFkZ D;k gS\ dkuw u ea=ky; dks bl kVuZ vksoj(Turn Over) dh O;k[;k djus ds fy;s D;ksa dgk x;k gS\izu%& yksdlHkk v/;{k egksn;] ea=h egksn; txnhk VkbZVyj us laln esa ckj&ckj dgk gS fdisIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks Hkkjr esa khry is; vius czkaM uke ls mRiknu djus ,oa cspus dh vuqefr ughnh tk;sxhA bl dEiuh dks flQZ [kk| izla Ldj.k ds {ks = es a gh vuqefr gksxhA ysfdu eq>s yxrk gS fd;g vejhdh dEiuh] Hkkjr ljdkj dh fdlh Hkh ckr ;k funs Zkksa dks ugha ekusxhA ;g dEiuh le; vkij khry is; dk mRiknu vkSj fch nksuksa gh vius uke ls djsxhA xr 20 tqykbZ 1989 dks [kk|izla Ldj.k ea =h txnhk VkbZVyj }kjk la ln esa vkoklu fn;k x;k Fkk fd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dHkkjr esa khry is; mRiknu djus dh vuqefr rc rd ugha nh tk;sxh tc rd og dEiuh vius djkjdh lHkh krks Za dks iw jk ugha djsxhA ysfdu vHkh&vHkh ljdkj dh vks j ls lw puk nh x;h gS isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us vius dqy VuZ vks oj dk 25% khry is; mRiknu kq: dj fn;k gSA lhfLFkfr es a ljdkj bl dEiuh dks jksdus ds fy;s dksbZ dk;Z okgh D;ks a ugha djrh gS\ ljdkj dks bldEiuh dh ok;nkf[kykQh ds fo#) dk;Zokgh djus ls dkSu jksd jgk gS\ea=h fxfj/kj xksekax }kjk fn;k x;k mRrj%&

^^gekjs ikl dksbZ fuxjkuh djus okyk ra= ugha gSA gekjs ea =ky; dks isIlh dEiuh }kjk ekfl Lrjij tks tkudkjh nh tkrh gS] mlh ds vk/kkj ij ge dk;Z djrs gSa A

blh cgl es a Hkkx ys rs gq;s lka ln gkjosUnz flag ga liky }kjk fn;k x;k c;ku%& ^^eq>s irk pyk gfd ;g dEiuh dqN leqnzh oLrqvks a dk fu;kZr dj jgh gS] ftldk ia tkc ds fdlkuks a ds lkFk dqysuk&nsuk ugha gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd ;g is Ilh&dksyk dEiuh ljdkj ds lkFk feydj iatkc ds yksxks dk/kks[kk ns jgh gSA eq>s ea=h egksn; ls ;g vkoklu pkfg, fd os bl dEiuh dh /kks[kk/kM+ h dks jksds axs^^


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ok;nk fd;k x;k Fkk fd iatkc ds fdlkuks a dks ykHk gksxkA ysfdu vHkhrd ,s lk dksbZ ykHk iatkc dsfdlkuks a dks ugha gqvk gSA D;k vHkhrd isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh vks j ls iatkc es a ,s lh dksbZ QSDVjh yxx;h gS] ftles a Qy ,oa lfCt;ksa dk iz laLdj.k djds dksbZ mRikn cuk;k tk jgk gS\

lka ln gkjosUnz flag galiky dk oDrO;%& ^îsIlh&dksyk dEiuh ds lkFk fd;s x;s djkj dh ;gkrZ gS fd igys [kk| iz la Ldj.k ds {ks = esa dEiuh dkj[kkus yxkdj mRiknu dk;Z djsxhA mlds ckn khry is; cktkj eas yk ldsxh^Â

yksdlHkk v/;{k dh izfrf;k%& ^^ysfdu D;k vHkh rd bl dEiuh us ,s lh dksbZ QSDVjh [izla Ldj.k ds fy;s ugha yxk;h gS D;k\

lka ln gkjosUnz flag dk mRrj %& ^ûgha^âAyksdlHkk v/;{k dh fVIi.kh%& ^êU=h th vkidks bl lEcU/k es a tYnh vkS j dM+ h dk;Zokgh d

dh t:jr gSA ftldk dksbZ ifj.kke fudy lds ^Â

lka ln nhisu ?kksk dh fVIi.kh%& ^^;k rks isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks djkj dh lHkh krksZ a dks iw jkdjuk pkfg, ;k fQj bl dEiuh dks Hkkjr ls ckgj fudky nsuk pkfg,^Âfxfj/kj xksekaxks dk c;ku%& ^^tc isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dh Vhe Hkkjr vk;h Fkh] rc ,d ;w fuV d

dher 1200 #- crk;h x;h FkhA ysfdu vc ;g dher c


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) lq/khj fxjh lka ln dk c;ku%& ^îsIlh dEiuh us cgqr lkjs ok;ns fd;s Fks] ftles a ls ,d Hk

ok;nk iw jk ugha fd;k^ÂMk- jkepUnz Mkse lka ln dk c;ku%& ^îsIlh dEiuh us iatkc ds fdlkuks a es a ,d vkkk iSnk dh

Fkh] fd nw ljh gfjr kafr iatkc esa fQj gksxhA isIlh ifj;kstuk ls 50]000 yksxks a dks jkstxkj feyus ok

FkkA ysfdu vkt okLrfodrk D;k gS\ la ln esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k fd bl dEiuh dk vejhdh xqIrp la LFkk lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk Hkh lEcU/k gSA lc tkurs gSa fd bl isIlh dEiuh us lh-vkbZ-,- ds lkFk feydjfpyh nsk dh vysUns ljdkj dk r[rk iyV djk;k FkkA eq>s Mj gS fd ;g dEiuh Hkkjr es a Hkh ,s lk gh

jktuSfrd gLr{ksi dj ldrh gSA^^6 fnlEcj] 1988 dks laln es a gq;h cgl %&

t;iky js M~Mh lkaln dk c;ku%& ^^bruh cM+ h fonskh dEiuh isIlh&dksyk] nl lky rd fcukkq) equkQs ds Hkh O;kikj dj ldrh gSA D;ks afd bl dEiuh ds ikl vusdks a jkLrs gS a ftuds }kjk Hkkjr/ku vejhdk ys tk;k tk ldrk gSA bles a ,d jkLrk ^^vks oj bUok;flax^ (Over invoicing) dk gSA eg

dh ckr ;g gS fd vkyw fpIl ,oa ikidkuZ dks rks fu;kZr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA rks ;s oLrq,a Hkkjrcktkj es a gh csph tk;s axhA ea =h egksn; D;k vkius bu ckrksa ij xEHkhjrk ls fopkj fd;k gS\ ea =h egksn;vki gels dg jgs gSa fd isIlh dEiuh vius dqy mRiknu dk 25% gh khry is; cukdj cspsxhA ysfduvkius vuqeku yxk;k gS fd ;g fdruk [krjukd gks ldrk gS\ ;fn isIlh dEiuh dk O;kikj LFkkfx;k rks ihNs&ihNs dksdk&dksyk dEiuh Hkh pyh vk;sxhA dksdk&dksyk dEiuh Hkkjr es a 100 izfrkfu;kZr djus ds cgkus ls i zosk djus tk jgh gSA uke ds fy;s rks 100 izfrkr fu;kZr fd;s tkus dh ckrgS] ysfdu mRiknu dk 25% Hkkjrh; cktkj es a gh cspk tk;sxkA Hkkjr ds cktkjksa esa fQj dksyk ;q) k#gksxkA tks vkfFkZd :i ls khr ;q) ls Hkh Hk;adj gksxkA ;fn ljdkj pkgrh gS fd nsk e sa fLFkjrk ,

le`f) cuh jgs rks isIlh vkSj dksdk&dksyk dEifu;ks a dks dHkh Hkh Hkkjr es a O;kikj dh vuqefr ugha nhtkuh pkfg,A^^txnhk VkbZVyj ea =h dk c;ku%& ^îsIlh&dksyk dEiuh us Hkkjr ljdkj dks cSad xkjaVh vk

dkuw uh xkjaVh nh gSA ;g dEiuh vius lHkh fu;kZr ok;nksa dks iw jk djsxh] ;g ge ns[ks axsA ;g dEiuiatkc esa iSnk gksus okys Qy&lfCt;ks a dk 25% fu;kZr djsxh] ;g cgqr gh egRoiw .kZ gSA^^3 uoEcj 1988 dks laln esa gqbZ cgl%&

,u- bZ- cyjke lkaln dk c;ku%& ^^vki isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks vuqefr nsus tk jgs gSaA bldEiuh ds }kjk fu;kZr djus ls lEcfU/kr lHkh ckrs a okLrfodrk ls cgqr nwj gSaA vki ea =h egksn; lnu

dks xqejkg ugha djs aA vki tkurs gSa fd bl dEiuh dk bfrgkl cgqr gh dkyk ,oa [kjkc jgk gSA cgqr gh dq[;kr ,oa cnuke dEiuh gSA bfrgkl dk gjsd fo|kFkhZ tkurk gS fd blh is Ilh&dksyk dEus fpyh dh lYoknks j vysUns ljdkj dk r[rk iyV fn;k FkkA^^

nhisu?kksk lka ln dk c;ku%& ^^D;k ea =h egksn; nqfu;k esa ,d Hkh ,s ls dkj[kkus dk irk crk ldrs gSa tgk isIlh&dksyk dEiuh Qyks a dk jl rS;kj djkrh gks] ,oa mldk fu;kZ r djrh gks\^^

txnhk VkbZVyj ea =h dk c;ku%& ^îsIlh&dksyk }kjk fn;s x;s rF;k ls irk pyrk gS fd bldEiuh dk 60% O;kikj Qy mRiknks a ls tqM+ k gqvk gSA^^


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) nhisu ?kksk lkaln dk c;ku%& ^^vki ea=h th xyr cksy jgs gSa vkS j vkidks xyr tkudkjh nh

x;h gSAisIlh&dksyk dEiuh dk iw jh nqfu;k esa a khry is;ks a dk gh O;kikj gSA ;koa r flUgk lkaln jkT;lHkk dk c;ku%& ^^v/;{k egksn;] isIlh&dksyk dk ekeyk cgqr

la osnukhy gSA bl iw js ekeys esa vkdM+ ksa dh ckthxjh dh x;h gSA isIlh&dksyk dEiuh us ljdkj dks ,oa

n sk dks xqejkg fd;k gSA ;g dEiuh nsk ds yksxksa dh ywV djus tk jgh gSA bl dEiuh us vius djkjdh lHkh krks Za dk mYya?ku fd;k gSA bl le; ekuuh; iz/kkuea =h lnu es a cSBs gq;s gSaA eS a ;g tkuukpkgrk gw fd ljdkj bl dEiuh ds f[kykQ D;k dkuw uh ,oa izkklfud dk ;Zokgh djus tk jgh gS\ ;fnea=h egksn; es js izu dk mRrj ugha ns ldrs rks ekuuh; iz/kkueU=h bl izu dk mRrj ns a^^A

Mk-;sykekapyh fkokth lka ln%& ^^v/;{k egksn;] iwjs nsk esa yksxksa ds chp ;g ppkZ gS fd H ljdkj us isIlh&dksyk dEiuh dks eatw jh nsus ds fy;s gh ,d u;s ea =ky; ^[kk| iz laLdj.k^ dk xBfd;k gSA D;k vc isIlh ifj;kstuk dks eatwjh ds ckn bl ea =ky; dks lekIr dj fn;k tkuk pkfg,\2 eb 1990 dks laln es gq;h cgl%&

dey eksjkjdk lka ln%& ^^v/;{k egksn;] eSa isIlh&dksyk ifj;kstuk ds vkfFkZd i{k ls lEcfU/dqN xaHkhj vkifRr lnu ds lkeus j[kuk pkgrk gw A kq# es a tc bl ifj;ks tuk dks ljdkj ds lkeueatwjh ds fy;s j[kk x;k Fkk] rc bldh ykxr 22 djksM+ #i;s FkhA vc bl ifj;kstuk dh ykxr c


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isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dkkhry is;ksa esa dhVuk 5 vxLr] 2003 dks ^lsUVj Qkj lk;Ul ,UM ,uok;jesUV^ la LFkk dh iz;ksxkkyk }kjk tkjh

x;h fjiksVZ d s vuq lkj is Ilh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds khry is;ks a es a s] fu/kkZfjr ek=k ls dbZ xquk vf/kdhVukkd ik;s x;sA bl laLFkk ds rhu oSKkfudks s a iz ks- Mk- ,p-ch-ekFkqj] Mk- liuk tkWulu] ,oa vfoukdqekj us isIlh ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds khry is;ks a ds lHkh czkaM ukeks a ls fcdus okys is;ksa dk oSKkfijh{k.k fd;kA bl ijh{k.k esa ygj is Ilh] ygj ls ou vi] ygj fefjUMk] dksdk&dksyk] FkElvi] fyEflVk tSls djhc 12 cz kaMks dks fy;k x;kA vkt dh izpfyr vUrjjkVh; ijh{k.k rduhd] ksesVksxzkQh dks bySDVku dSIpj fMVsDVj(Electron Capture Detector) ,oa ukbVkstu QkWLQks jl fMVsDV(Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector) dh enn ls ;s ijh{k.k fd;s x;sA bu ijh{k.kks a ls Kkr gqvk fd isIlh vkdksdk&dksyk }kjk tks ikuh bLrseky fd;k tk jgk gS& khry is; cukus ds fy;s& ml ikuh esa ghdhVukkdks a dh ek=k cgq r vf/kd gSA nqfu;k dh fofHkUu la LFkkvksa tSls foo LokLF; laxBu] [kk| ,od`fk laxBu ,Q - ,- vks- vejhdh i;kZoj.k la j{k.k la LFkk(USEPA) [kk| ,oa vkSkf/k izkklu(F.D.A.)us dhVukkdksa dh [kk| ,oa is; inkFkks Za es sa mifLFkfr ds fy;s dqN ekun.M r; fd;s gq;s gSaA ;w jksih;vkfFkZd vk;ksx (E.E.C) us ihus ds ikuh es a vf/kdre dhVukkdks a dh ek=k 0-0001 feyhxzke izfr yhV

r; dh gSA vFkkZ r ,d yhVj ikuh es a vf/kd ls vf/kd 0-0001 feyhxzke dhVukkd dh mifL ldrh gS tks euq; dh lsgr ds fy;s T;knk [krjukd ugha ekuh tkrh gSA vHkh ;w jksi ds lHkh nskks e 25 fnlEcj 2003 ls u;s ekud r; fd;s tk jgs gSaA ftuds vuq lkj ihus ds ikuh es a ,d yhVj es vf/kdre 0-00003feyhxz ke gh dhVukkd gks lds axsA bl ek=k dks lqjf{kr ekuk tkrkgSA lsUVj Q

lk;Ul ,.M ,uok;jesUV ds oSKkfudksa us ;wjksi ds bUgha ekun.Mks as dks vk/kkj cukdj] Hkkjr esa fcdus okyisIlh&dksdk&dksyk ds BaMs is;ksa dh tkp dhA bl tkap esa fyUMsu] Dyks jksikbjhQkl] Mh-Mh-Vh-] etSls [krjukd dhVukkd isIlh o dksdk&dksyk ds khry is;ks a es a ik;s x;sA bl dk;Z ds fy;s isIlh vk jdksdk&dksyk ds czkaM dh 36 cks rys a fnYyh ds fofHkUu cktkjks a ls [kjhnh x;haA ebZ 2003 esa budk ijh{kfd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr vejhdk ls Hkh isIlh&dksdk dksyk ds BaMs is;ksa ds uewus Hkh ijh{k.k x;sA fnYyh ds cktkjks a ls izkIr khry is;ks a es a tks Hkh [krjukd dhVukkd] tgjhys jlk;u ik;s x;s

mudh lw ph vkSj ek=k uhps nh x;h gS&

BMs is; dkckaM uke

dhVukkdks dh ek=kek=k ifryhVj es]

;wjksih;nskks es dhVukkdks dh

;wjksih; nskks dhryuk e Hkkjr es


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) Hkkjr es ek=k ifryhVj

es fdrus xuk vf/kd

dhVukkd isIlh 0-0187 feyhxzke 0-0005

feyhxzke37 xquk vf/kd

ekM.VsuM&;w

0-0141 feyhxzzke 0-0005 AA 28 xquk vf/kd

MkbV isIlh 0-0071 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 14 xquk vf/kdfefj.MkvkjsUt

0-0196 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 39 xquk vf/kd

fefjUMk yseu 0-0352 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 70 xquk vf/kd

Cyw isIlh 0-0142 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 29 xquk vf/kd ls ou&vi 0-0166 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 33 xquk vf/kddksdkdksyk 0-0223 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 45 xquk vf/kdQSUVk 0-0214 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 43 xquk vf/kdfyEdk 0-0148 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 30 xquk vf/kd

LizkbV 0-0055 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 11 xquk vf/kdFkEl&vi 0-0111 feyhxzke 0-0005 AA 22 xquk vf/kd

Hkkjr es a fcdus okys ij nh x;h rkfydk ds vuqlkj isIlh&dksyk es a dhVukkdks a dh ek=;w jksih; isIlh&dksyk esa dhVukkdks a dh ek=k ls 37 xquk vf/kd gSA blh rjg Hkkjr es a fcdus okydksdk&dksyk es a ;w jksih; ekudks a dh rqyuk es a 45 xquk vf/kd dhVukkd tgj gSA blh rjg Hkkjr fcdus okys FkEl vi es a;w jksih; ekudksa dh rqyuk es a 22 xquk vf/kd dhVukkd tgj gSA Hkkjr es fcdu

okys ls ou vi esa rks ;wjksih; ekudks a dh rqyuk es a 70 xquk vf/kd dhVukkd tgj gSA Hkkjrh; f;w jksih; ekudkss a dh rqyuk es a 30 xquk vf/kd dhVukkd tgj gSA blh rjg isIlh ,o a dksdk&dksyk dvU; lHkh cz kUMksa es a dbZ xquk vf/kd dhVukkd tgj ik;k x;k gSA isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk esa feys gq;s dhVukkdksa dk kjhj o LokLF

ij nqizHkko isIlh&dksyk vkSj dksdk&dksyk ds khry is;ksa es a pkj izdkj ds dhVukkd fyUu

Dyks jksikbjhQkl] Mh-Mh-Vh-] ,oa eSykfFk;ku ik;s x;sA bu dhVukkdks a dk kjhj ds LokLF; ij cgqr g[kjkc vlj gks rk gSA fyUMsu uke dk tgjhyk dhVukkd kjhj ds ikpurU= ,oa olu rU= }kjk kjhds rdksa s esa (Fattissues) tek gks rk jgrk gSA ;g fyUMsu yhoj] fdMuh rFkk kj hj dh izfrjks/kd rU= dcgqr uqdlku igqpkrk gSA fyUMsu uked dhVukkd tgj] dSa lj vkSj tUetkr kkjhfjd fod`fr;ks a dsfy;s Hkh ftEesnkj gks rk gSA kjhj dh ,UMkskbu xzfUFk dks Hkh fyUMsu Hkkjh uqdlku igqpkrk gSA


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WWW.RAJIVDIXITMP3.COM(09928064941, 9782705883) fyUMsu dh 40 feyhxzke ek=k fdlh Hkh O;fDr d h efgyk ;k iq:k dh iztuu {kerk dks lek

dj ldrh gS A iq:kkss a ds o`k.k rU=(Testienlar system) dks cgqr cqjh rjg ls fyUMsu izHkkfor djrk Aefgykvks a ds fu;fer ekfldp dks Hkh fyUMsu izHkkfor djrk gSA efgykvks a ds kjhj esa s cuus oky,LVkstksu ,oa izkstsLVksu gkeks ZUl dh ek=k dks fyUMsu dkQh de dj nsrk gSA pwgks a ij fd;s x;s ijh{k.

ls ;g fl) gqvk gS fd fyUMsu ls yhoj dSUlj gks rk gSA fyUMsu fdlh Hkh O;fDr ds rfU=dk rU= dks Hcqjh rjg ls izHkkfor djrk gSA gn; dks jDr igqpkus okyh ufydkvks a dks Hkh fyUMsu dkQh {kfr igqgSA

isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk es a fyUMsu ds ckn nw ljk [krjukd tgjhyk dhVukkd Mh -Mh(Dichloro diphenyltrichlo roethane) ik;k x;kA ;g Mh-Mh-Vh-euq; ds oh;Z esa kqk.kqvks a dh la[;k dedjus dk dk;Z ,oa fL=;ksa esa s o{ k dSUlj fodflr djus ds fy;s ftEesnkj ekuk tkrk gSA fL=;ks a ds kjhds fy;s lcls egRoiw .kZ ,LVkstu uked gkeks Zu dks Mh-Mh-Vh- de dj nsrk gSA bl dkj.k ls efgykvks efcuk fdlh dkj.k xHkZikr gksus vkS j o{kLFky ds dSUlj gksus dk [krjk iSnk gks tkrk gSA yEcs le; rd

cgqr vYi ek=k esa Hkh Mh-Mh-Vh-kjhj es a tk;s rks yhoj dSUlj gksus dh lEHkkouk jgrh gSA isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdks&dksyk es a rhljk [krjukd dhVukkd tgj Dyks jksikbjhQ(Chloropyrifos) feykA ;g dhVukkh tgj euq; kjhj ds efLrd ,oa rfU=dk rU=(Nervous system) dkcqjh rjg ls izHkkfor djrk gSA Dyks jksikbjhQkWl efLrd dh dksfkdkvks a dks cq jh rjg ls uV dj nsrkgSA yxkrkj Dyks jksikbZ jhQkWl euq; kjhj es a cgqr gh vYi ek=k esa Hkh tk, rks fnekxh fodkl dks jknsrk gSA kjhj dh eka lis fk;ks a dks Hkhdetks j djus dk dke DyksjksikbZ jhQkWl djrk gSA DyksjksikbjhQk

ls kjhj dk fodkl Hkh #drk gS vkS j euq; LoHkko es a Hkh fod`fr;k vk tkrh ga SA isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk es a pkSFkk dhVukkh tgj eSykfFk;ku(Malathiyan) ik;k x;kA ;g

tgj Hk;adj dSaljdkjd gSA ;g dhVukkh tgj kjhj ds rfU=dk rU= ij Hkh cgqr cqjk izHkko djrk efgykvks a ea as Lru dSalj Hkh fodflr djus dk dk;Z ;g eSykfFk;ku djrk gSA tUetkr kkfodykaxrk dks Hkh iSnk djus dk dk;Z eSykfFk;ku djrk gSA ;g dhVukkh tgj i{kk?kkr dk Hkhcu ldrk gSA

egRoiw .kZ ckr ;g gS fd isIlh&dksyk ,oa dksdk&dksyk ds Hkkjr es a fcdus okys khry is;ks a esa gh;s dhVukkh tgj eSykfFk;ku] DyksjksikbZ jhQkWl] Mh -Mh-Vh-] ,oa fyUMsu ik;k x;kA ysfdu tc is Ilh&dks,oa dksdk&dksyk ds vejhdk esa fcdus okys khry is;ks a dk ijh{k.k fd;k x;k rks dksbZ Hkh tgj mues

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