phd presentation

الرحيم الرحمن الله الرحيم بسم الرحمن الله بسمالمؤمنون " " و رسوله و عملكم الله فسيرى إعملوا المؤمنون وقل و رسوله و عملكم الله فسيرى إعملوا وقل

""العظيم الله العظيم صدق الله صدق

TO MY FAMILYTO MY FAMILY

بها المحيطة المناطق و الجديدة قفط مدينة على جيوفيزيقية بها دراسة المحيطة المناطق و الجديدة قفط مدينة على جيوفيزيقية دراسةمصر - مصر - قفط ..قفط

GEOPHYSICAL STUDGEOPHYSICAL STUDY Y AT NEW QEFT CITY, AND AREASAT NEW QEFT CITY, AND AREAS SURROUND IT.SURROUND IT. QQ ُُEFT, EGYPTEFT, EGYPT

إشراف إشراف تحت تحتSupervised bySupervised by

Dr. S. O. Elkhateeb Dr. S. S. Osman Dr. S. O. Elkhateeb Dr. S. S. Osman Prof. of Geophysics, Prof. of Geophysics,Prof. of Geophysics, Prof. of Geophysics,

Faculty of Science, Qena, Magnetic and Electric Department,Faculty of Science, Qena, Magnetic and Electric Department, South Valley University. National research institute of astronomySouth Valley University. National research institute of astronomy

and geophysics (NRIAG).and geophysics (NRIAG).Dr. S .R. SalemDr. S .R. Salem

Lecturer of Geophysics,Lecturer of Geophysics,Faculty of Science, Qena,Faculty of Science, Qena,South Valley UniversitySouth Valley University

من من مقدمة مقدمةمحمد بشير أدهم محمد الحسين بشير أدهم الحسين

ByByAlhussein Adham Basheer MohammedAlhussein Adham Basheer Mohammed

Location of the study area

It is bounded by latitudes 25 57’ 56’’ and 26 01’ 56’’ N and longitudes 32’ 49’ 51’’ and 32’ 56’ 27’’ E and covers a surface area of about 214 feddan, while the

next stages have ability of spreading out in the near future.

Geology and Geomorphologic of the study area

Topographic and Geomorphologic contour map of the study area

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170

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0 500 1000

in m eter

W adi

Geologic map of Qeft area (from El Hossary, 1994)

Study area

Shallow boreholes Deep boreholes

Eocene

Pliocene-Holocene

A geologic cross section in the Nile valley, Upper Egypt (Said, 1981)

MAGNETIC POTENTIAL FILED LAND SURVEY DATA

QUALITATIVE INTERPREATION OF THE POTENTIAL FILED DATA

• Nature of the Observed Magnetic Anomalies

• Description of the Detailed Ground Magnetic Data

• Regional and Residual Maps of the Ground magnetic Data

("Upward continuation technique“, "Low-pass filtering technique“, “High-pass

filtering technique” , “Least-Square technique "second order“”)

Map of Detailed Total Ground Magnetic Intensity Data

in nT

-20

-5

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25

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55

70

85

100

Meters0 1000 2000

26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

Regional anomaly map from "Upward continuation technique" on the land survey magnetic data.

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-12

-7

-2

3

26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

0 1000 2000 Meters25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

in nT

Residual anomaly map from "Upward continuation technique" on the land survey magnetic data.

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15

40

65

90

26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

0 1000 2000 Meters25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

in nT

Residual anomaly map from Least-Square technique "second order" on the land survey magnetic data.

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-30

-5

20

45

in nT

Meters0 1000 2000

26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

Structural Trend analysis

• The NNW to SSE- trends (Red Sea- Gulf of Suez trend)

• The NE- SW trend (Aqaba)

• The ENE to WSW trend

North

1-Spectral Analysis Methods:Two-dimensional Radially Averaged Power Spectrum:

QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE POTENTIAL FILED DATA

deep depth = 1865 m eter

shallow depth = 1100 m eter

2-D Power Spectrum for land magnetic survey data

2- (3-D Analytical Signal) Method 26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

0 1000 2000 Meters25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

the basement relief map of magnetic land survey data

in nT

Meters0 1000 2000

26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

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1250

1500

1750

In Meter

Deep

Shallow

3- Euler Deconvolution Method

Map of Euler Deconvolution of Magnetic steps "faults & Dykes".

4-Two- Dimensional Modeling Techniques

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5

30

55

80

in nT

Meters0 1000 2000

26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

A

A'

B B'

RTP land survey magnetic anomaly map, showing location of the selected profiles for depth calculation

Magnetic Modeling Application

Sedimentary layers

Modelling magnetic data

Field magnetic data

North South

Basement complex (0.0049 cgs unit)

Sedimentary layers

Modelling magnetic data

Field magnetic data

West East

Basement complex (0.005 cgs unit)

Two-dimension magnetic model along the profile A-A‘ & B-B’

26 01' 56'' N32 49' 51'' E

0 1000 2000 Meters25 49' 51'' N

26 01' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

32 49' 51'' E25 57' 56'' N32 56' 27'' E

The structure trends analysis of the magnetic land survey data

As conclusions • There are two major anomaly zones; the first one has generally low magnetic values having relatively

high relief, reflecting a major sedimentary basin that occurred in the northeastern part of the area. This basin has a wide extension and probably extends further outside of the investigated area. However, the remaining part of the study area is characterized by short wavelength anomalies representing shallow to moderate basement.

• The Structural trend analyses have been applied for the shallow structural elements deduced from the observed and residual land survey magnetic data. The interpreted fault and/or contact system are statistically analyzed and plotted in the form of rose diagrams. These diagrams showed the major sets of the trends, which are; (i) The NNW to SSE trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend)(i) The NNW to SSE trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend) representing the most prevailing faulting direction in the studied area as the first order, and (ii) The NE to SW trend (ii) The NE to SW trend (Aqab trend)(Aqab trend) this trend is significance in the residual anomaly trend, (iii) The ENE-WSW trend (iii) The ENE-WSW trend (Aualitic)(Aualitic) is the third order trend. The oldest tectonic trends seem to be rejuvenated as related to the opening of the Red Sea and the two gulfs.

• Depth estimationDepth estimation was carried out for the major selected anomalies of the RTP magnetic maps using spectral analysis, in order to delineate the depth to basement. Moreover, the 3-D analytical signal, Euler deconvoluation and two dimension modeling techniques have been applied to estimate basement surface as well as structural deformations affecting the overlying sedimentary section. The depth results obtained from the land magnetic survey area range from 1100 to 1860 from 1100 to 1860 meter.meter. The means of these results were calculated and the basement relief map was constructed to the area of study. This map was constructed to illustrate the paleo-topographic configuration of the basement rocks that may be related to the predominant structural element shows that the depth to the basement surface ranges from 1100 to 1860 meters.

• Therefore, it is concluded that there is no recent seismic activitiesno recent seismic activities in the area of study, this is directly related and associated with the absent of the major and effected deep structures in the study and all structural trends related to the affection of major trends to the surface .

LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS

Rock resistivity and Pore-water resistivity of the sand samples representing the

water-bearing Formation.

Water Salinity(p.p.m)

Water Resistivity(ohm-meter)

Formation Resistivity Factor(ohm-meter)

Water Conductivity(ohm-1-meter-1)

612 5.4 10.2 0.19

1002 4.2 9.92 0.24

1230 2.9 4.66 0.34

1700 2.4 5.47 0.42

2200 1.71 3.44 0.58

2300 1.65 3.57 0.61

A- True Resistivity Measurement

ρt = R.A/L

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2

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12

0 1000 2000 3000W ater Salinity (p.p.m)

Ro

ck R

esis

tivit

y (

Oh

m m

)

Variation of true resistivity of sand with salinity of Saturating water

B-Evaluation of The Formation Factor

F=ρr / ρw

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8

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12

0 2 4 6

W ater Resistivity (ohm m)

Rock

Res

istivi

ty (O

hm m

)

The relation between the rock resistivity and the Pore-water resistivity of water bearing formation

0

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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Water Salinity (P.P.m)

Wa

ter

Co

nd

uc

tiv

ity

(o

hm

-1

me

ter-

1)

The relation between water salinity and water Conductivity

Water Salinity range

(ppm)

Rock Resistivity Range(ohm.m)

Water Quality

<1000 >9.92 Fresh

1000-5000 3.57-9.92 Brackish

>5000 <3.57 Saline

Ranges of resistivity for rocks saturated with water of different salinities

DATA PROCESSING AND DATA PROCESSING AND INTERPRETATION OF INTERPRETATION OF

RESISTIVITY AND TEM SURVEYRESISTIVITY AND TEM SURVEY

Cement Factory

26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

393837

363534

333231

3029

28

272625

24

23222120

19

181716

151413

12

1110

9876

54

321A

A'

B

C

B'

C'

F'

FED

D'E'

0 1000 2000 Meter

VES site12 Number of VES&TEM___ Profile Elongated

Profile LitterA___

TEM site

Location of TEM, VESes & its Profiles in the study area

1- Qualitative InterpretationA- Data of Vertical Electrical Sounding

Iso-Apparent Resistivity Contour Maps• Show the different resistivity layers affected by the artificial electric curre

nt passed through the ground.• Define the faulting regions according to the specific anomalies of certain

real extension along given direction, which have maximum horizontal electric resistivity gradients.

• Detect the silt layers and the saline water locations.• Show the lateral variation along certain horizontal plane.• Show the expected regions of the groundwater accumulation in the study

area.• Outlining the geological and the hydro-geological picture of the study are

a.

Ohm m.

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26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter

Cement Factory

Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=1m

Ohm m.

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0 1000 2000

26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter

Cement Factory

Iso-apparent resistivity contour map for AB/2=8m)

Ohm m.

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26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

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25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter

C em en t F a ctory


In Ohm.m

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26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

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25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter

C em en t F a cto ry


Ohm m .

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0 1000 2000

26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter



Ohm m.

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0 1000 2000

26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter

C em en t F actory


Ohm.m.

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26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter



B- Data of TEM

Iso-Apparent multi-frequency electromagnetic Conductivity Contour Maps

1. Show the different Conductivity layers affected by the artificial electromagnetic waves approved through the ground.

2. Describe the faulting regions according to the specific anomalies of certain real extension along given direction, which have maximum horizontal conductivity gradients.

3. Notice the silt layers and the saline water locations.4. Illustrate the lateral variation along certain horizontal plane.5. Explain the probable regions of the groundwater accumulation in the

study area.6. Exactness the geological and the hydro-geological picture of the

study area.

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th in

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g. S

cale"

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ivity m

.sc/m

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Iso-apparent conductivity contour map for different Frequency

From both TEM and VESes, the qualitative interpretation of abovementioned maps led to the following conclusions:

1-The resemblance in the form of anomalies and the drifts of the contour lines for most of the created maps for both techniques, especially the surface parts, gives an image about the homogeneity of the area in its electrical properties

2-The surface layers in the study area exhibit a relatively high to middle resistivity values and low to middle conductivity with high frequency "about 12525 Hz" that may be attributed to the nature of the weathered rocks in such semi-arid regions covered with transported farm soil, such high values may reflect mixed gravel, sand, and soil lithology.

3-The maps show a general increase in resistivity towards the eastern direction agrees with decrease in conductivity, may be deciphered as due to the increase in the thickness of the probed formations since the eastern part is localized in somewhat topographic high area.

4-The low resistivity values with high conductivity values encountered at apparent depths of a bout AB/2=10 m and at moderately high frequency "about 10860 Hz". It may outline the nature of the clay lenses that appeared in the shallow depths in some portions along the study area.

5-The high resistivity values with low conductivity values stumble upon at apparent depths of a bout AB/2=140m and at about 8050 Hz. may outline the nature of the formation that mainly composed of argillaceous limestone.

6-The low resistivity values with high conductivity values encountered at apparent depths of a bout AB/2= 200m and at about 1735 Hz. may outline the nature of the formation containing water (as constrained from the drilled water wells), where it is mainly composed of loose sands.

7-The very low resistivity values recorded at AB/2= 400 m apparent depth and at about 578 Hz" may reflect the change in water quality or a change in formation lithology, where these values are very characteristic of these causes.

QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF VESes and TEM DATA

The quantitative interpretation of the resistivity and TEM data for the present study includes:

1. Interpretation of the vertical sounding curves manually at first using master curves to reach at preliminary models for input to further processing automatically using to “Zohdy’s technique 1989” and “Resist’s software 1988”.

2. Interpretation of the Electromagnetic sounding curves automatically using to “TEMIX XL's software 1996”.

3. Illustrating and analysis of the geoelectrical Cross-section, which reflects the lithologic implications of the studied sections.

4. Preparing the Isopach maps of the groundwater bearing layers and its depths.

Example for the interpretation of vertical electrical sounding No. 11 by Resist’s software

TEM sounding curve and its interpretation at station No. 11

Geoelectrical Cross Sections

As a conclusion, from both TEM and VESes soundings

• The range of resistivity and conductivity variation in each layer is narrow, and in the case where wide variations do exist, it is met with a change in the corresponding thickness and lithology.

• The range of thickness change is also narrow except in areas where the obtained resistivity is low "High Conductivity".

• The study of the shallow section within the specified area reflects that, the shallow section comprises four layers in most part and five layers in some parts of the study area.

• The average maximum resistivity value obtained for the surface layer as will as minimum conductivity value "with high frequency", where weathering products that composed of boulders and stones derived from the nearly mountains are present.

• The resistivity values decrease gradually with the increase of depth and versa reverse for conductivity values "with decrease in frequency".

• There is no evidence of presence either any remarkable structure interrupted the lithologic continuity of the study area.

• Tow different lithological layers had been noted that appears in some places and disappear in another, clay lens appears in some places “scattered sites” in the first layer, and argillaceous limestone appears below the second layer in some places ”Northeast and East portions”.

• There are two main aquifers in the study area. The upper one is the fresh water-bearing layer and the lower aquifer is the brackish to saline water quality.

• Unmoral noted low resistivity value appeared in site of site No. 36 in both VESes and TEM survey, so it should be studied by another tools to make more details and explain this phenomenon. (Done by more detailed tools in Chapters 6, 7, and 8)

• There’s a notable similarity between the qualitative interpretation and the quantitative interpretation of both VES and TEM techniques, which previously have been interpreted in part one.

DEPTH TO THE WATER-BEARING FORMATIONS

Meter

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34

42

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26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter

C em en t F actory

1-Depth of the fresh water aquifer contour map

Meter

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0 1000 2000

26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter


2-Depth to the Saline water aquifer contour map

Meter

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26

34

42

50

58

0 1000 2000

26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter


ISOPACH MAP OF FRESH WATER AQUIFER

22--D ELECTRIC IMAGING DATA D ELECTRIC IMAGING DATA INTERPRETATIONINTERPRETATION

Ohm m.

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360

0 1000 2000

26 01' 56" N32 49' 51" E

26 01' 56" N32 56' 27" E

25 57' 56" N32 49' 51" E

25 57' 56" N32 56' 27" E

Meter

Cement Factory


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th in

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er "

Log.

Sca

le"

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duct

ivit

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.sc/

m

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Iso-apparent conductivity contour map for different Frequency

2-D electrical resistivity sections along the area

Location map of the 2 Dimension electrical resistivity sections and zones

2-D electrical resistivity sections No.2 along Zone One

2-D electrical resistivity sections No.9 along Zone Two

2-D electrical resistivity sections No.11 along Zone Two.

1-The interpreted Geoelectrical cross-sections suggest three-layer model at four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.

2-The Geoelectrical layers were converted from the resistivity values into four lithologic layers as:

A – Surface layer: clay (transported soil for agriculture activity) B – Second layer: gravely sand -to-sand lithology C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone.D – Fourth layer “Filled-Gab”: very loose material “dust and factory wastes – very low resistivity material” 3-there is palpable facts, from the R2D data, suggests that there is a gab had

been made and filled with material and according to the notted low values that characterized it may be a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called “BYBASS” that may caused lowing in resistivity values . this gab disturbances the former sequence of the area (Fig. 6-5).

4- two edges of this gab had been detected by the R2D profiles but the other edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.

5-The penetrated interface, which has been detected by R2D survey in the study area, has depth values reach 24 m with Wenner array

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Zone (B)

R2D detected area

Detected "Filled-Gab" area

Filled-Gab

Meter

Classification of the rock material quality according to 2-D electrical imaging survey in the study area, New Qeft City, Qena area.

INTERPRETATION OF SHALLOW INTERPRETATION OF SHALLOW SEISMIC REFRACTION DATASEISMIC REFRACTION DATA

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4

3

2

1120 m.

10

m.

7

Spot area for Seism ic survey

Seismic Profile

Number of Profile

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Spot area for Seismic Survey

A- DATA PROCESSING AND RESULTS

Profile No. 2

0.00

50.00

100.00

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22

Geo. No.

"

Normal

Meddel.

Reverse

S. C. = 5 Meters

Time-Distance curves along profile “2”

Profile No. 2

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Layer No.3

Layer No.2

Layer No.1

0 50 Meters

Geoseismic cross section along profile “2”

Profile No. 11

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22

Geo. No.

Normal

Meddel.

Reverse

S. C. = 5 Meters

Time-Distance curves along profile No. 11

Profile No. 11

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Layer No.4

Layer No.3

Layer No.2

Layer No.1

0 50 Meters

Geoseismic cross section along profile No. 11

1-The interpreted Geoseismic cross-sections suggest three-layer model at four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.

2-The Geoseismic layers were converted from the velocities values into four lithologic layers as:

Top A – Surface layer: clay (transported covered agriculture soil) B – Second layer: gravely sand-to-sand layer C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone. D –“Filled-Gab” : contains very material may be (dust and factory wastes called “BYBASS” )

3-there is obvious evidence, from the seismic data, suggests that there is a gab had been made and filled with very fine grains material and it may be consist of a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called “BYBASS” . This gab is disturbance of the former sequence of the area.

4- Two edges of this gab had been perceived by the seismic profiles but the other edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.

5-The penetrated interface, which has been seismically detected in the study

area, has depth values vary from 23 m at the geophone site “4” of profile “3” to 27m at geophone “9” of profile “22”

THE SEISMIC WAVE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE STUDY AREA

First : Compressional (P-Waves) Velocity

420

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510

520

530

540

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

M/Sc

Meter

A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the first layer in the mark area.

760

785

810

835

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

m/sc

Meter

A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the second layer in the mark area

1100

1150

1200

1250

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

M/Sc

Meter

A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the third layer in the mark area.

370

410

450

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

M/Sc

Meter

A map showing the distribution of P-wave velocity in the “Filled-Gab” in the mark area.

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220.5

222

223.5

225

226.5

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

M/Sc

Meter

A map showing the distribution of S-wave velocity in the first layer (agriculture soil) in the study area

430

435

440

445

450m/sc

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of S-wave velocity in the second layer in the study area

230

250

m/sc

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of S- wave velocity in the “Filled-Gab” in the study area

INTERPRETATION OF ISOPACH MAPS OF DIFFERENT LAYERS

1.141.161.181.21.221.241.261.281.31.321.341.361.381.41.421.441.461.48

Meter

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

Isopach map of the first layer in the study area

9.5

10.5

11.5

12.5

13.5

14.5

15.5

16.5

17.5

18.5

19.5

20.5

21.5

22.5

23.5

Meter

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

Isopach map of the second layer in the study area

9.54

9.64

9.74

9.84

9.94

10.04

10.14

10.24

10.34

10.44

10.54

10.64

10.74

10.84

10.94

Meter

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

Isopach map of the “Filled-Gab” in the study area

INTERPRETATION OF DEPTH TO THE DIFFERENT LAYERS MAPS

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

5.5

6.5

7.5

8.5

9.5

10.5

11.5

12.5

Meter

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

Depth contour map to the second layer in the study area

2121.221.421.621.82222.222.422.622.82323.223.423.623.82424.224.4

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

Meter

Depth contour map to the third layer in the study area

1.34

1.35

1.36

1.37

1.38

1.39

1.4

1.41

1.42

1.43

1.44

1.45

1.46

1.47

1.48

1.49

1.5

Meter

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

Depth contour map to the “Filled-Gab” in the study area

Inspection of the various maps drawn for the different layers reveals that:

1-Both the change in the seismic velocityvelocity associated with each layer and which is observed between the different layers is remarkable. Such variation in velocities shows that the sequence is not constant allover the study area. On the other hand, the limited variation of velocity with each layer suggests an equivalent.

2-The irregular change in thickness and depthirregular change in thickness and depth characterize the

different layer over the study area. The pointed of sudden change of the former parameters suggests an equivalent behavior in lithologylithology in for individual layer and the uneven of disturbance associated with geological geological structuresstructures

GEOTECHNICAL CHARACTERISITICS OF THE FOUNDATION MATERIAL

A-ELASTIC MODULI

0.3150.320.3250.330.3350.340.3450.350.3550.360.3650.370.3750.380.3850.390.3950.40.405

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Poisson’s Ratio (σ) in the first layer (transported soil for agriculture activity) in the study area.

0.25

0.254

0.258

0.262

0.266

0.27

0.274

0.278

0.282

0.286

0.29

0.294

0.298

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Poisson’s Ratio (σ) in the second layerin the study area.

0.17

0.18

0.19

0.2

0.21

0.22

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Poisson’s Ratio (σ) in the Filled-Gab in the study area

308309310311312313314315316317318319320321322323324325326327328329330331332

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Dyn/cm2

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Rigidity modulus (μ) in thefirst layer (agriculture soil) in the study area

14101420143014401450146014701480149015001510152015301540155015601570158015901600Dyn/cm2

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Rigidity modulus (μ) in thesecond layer in the study area

352

372

392

412

432

452

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-GabSecond Layer

Dyn/cm2

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Rigidity modulus (μ) in theFilled-Gab in the study area

820825830835840845850855860865870875880885890895900905

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Dyn/cm2

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Young’s Modulus (E) in thefirst layer (agriculture soil) in the study area

3500

3550

3600

3650

3700

3750

3800

3850

3900

3950

4000

Dyn/cm2

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

) A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Young’s Modulus (E) in thesecond layer in the study area

-50050100150200250300350400450500550600650700750800850900950100010501100Dyn/cm2

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Young’s Modulus (E) in theFilled-Gab of the study area

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

1250

1300

1350

1400

1450

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Dyn/cm2

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Bulk Modulus (K) in the first layer (agriculture soil) of the study area

2550

2600

2650

2700

2750

2800

2850

2900

2950

3000

3050

3100

3150

3200Dyn/cm2

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Bulk Modulus (K) in the second layer of the study area

430

480

530

580

Dyn/cm 2

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the allotment of Kinetic Bulk Modulus (K) in the Filled-Gab of the study area

B-STANDERD PENETRATION TEST (SPT) [N-VALUE]

Cohesion less soil

N-values 0-10 11-30 31-50 >50

State Loose Medium Dense Very Dense

Cohesive soil

N-Value <4 4-6 6-1516-25

>25

State Very Soft Soft Medium Stiff Hard

13.65

13.75

13.85

13.95

14.05

14.15

14.25

14.35

14.45

14.55

14.65

14.75

14.85

14.95

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

A map illustrate the distribution of the N- value in the first layer (agriculture soil) of the study area

99

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map illustrate the distribution of the N- value in the second layer of the study area

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map illustrate the distribution of the N- value in the Filled-Gab of the study area

C-MATERIAL COMPETENCE SCALES

-0.62

-0.6

-0.58

-0.56

-0.54

-0.52

-0.5

-0.48

-0.46

-0.44

-0.42

-0.4

-0.38

-0.36

-0.34

-0.32

-0.3

-0.28

-0.26

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

A map showing the distribution of The Material Index (ν) in the firstlayer (agriculture soil) of the study area

-0.14

-0.135

-0.13

-0.125

-0.12

-0.115

-0.11

-0.105

-0.1

-0.095

-0.09

-0.085

-0.08

-0.075

-0.07

-0.065

-0.06

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of The Material Index (ν) in thesecond layer of the study area.

0.19

0.2

0.21

0.22

0.23

0.24

0.25

0.26

0.27

0.28

0.29

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of The Material Index (ν) in theFilled-Gab of the study area.

3.45

3.5

3.55

3.6

3.65

3.7

3.75

3.8

3.85

3.9

3.95

4

4.05

4.1

4.15

4.2

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

A map showing the distribution of Concentration Index (Ci) in the first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study area

4.4

4.44

4.48

4.52

4.56

4.6

4.64

4.68

4.72

4.76

4.8

4.84

4.88

4.92

4.96

5

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of Concentration Index (Ci) in the Second layer of the study area.

5

5.5

6

6.5

7

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of Concentration Index (Ci) in the Filled-Gab of the study area

0.460.470.480.490.50.510.520.530.540.550.560.570.580.590.60.610.620.630.640.650.660.67

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

A map showing the distribution of Stress Ratio (Si) in the first layer (agriculture soil) of the study area

0.36

0.365

0.37

0.375

0.38

0.385

0.39

0.395

0.4

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of Stress Ratio (Si) in the second layer of the study area.

-0.02

0

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0.22

0.24

0.26

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of Stress Ratio (Si) in the Filled-Gab of the study area

4.4E-0064.6E-0064.8E-0065E-0065.2E-0065.4E-0065.6E-0065.8E-0066E-0066.2E-0066.4E-0066.6E-0066.8E-0067E-0067.2E-0067.4E-0067.6E-0067.8E-0068E-0068.2E-0068.4E-0068.6E-0068.8E-006

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Meter

A map showing the distribution of the Density Gradient (Di) in the first layer (agriculture soil) of the study area

2.5E-006

2.7E-006

2.9E-006

3.1E-006

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of the Density Gradient (Di) in the second layer of the study area

1.15E-005

1.25E-005

1.35E-005

1.45E-005

1.55E-005

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

MeterA map showing the distribution of the Density Gradient (Di) in the

Filled-Gab of the study area

D- FOUNDATION MATERIALS BEARING CAPACITY

408410412414416418420422424426428430432434436438440442444446448450

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

K.Pa

Meter

A map showing the distribution of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qult) in the first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study area

Qult = 10Qult = 102.932(log Vs-1.45)2.932(log Vs-1.45)

2980

3005

3030

3055

3080

3105

3130

3155

3180

3205

3230

3255

3280

3305

3330

3355

3380

K.Pa

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

MeterA map showing the distribution of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity

(Qult) in the second layer of the study area.

480

530

580

630

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of the Ultimate Bearing Capacity (Qult) in the Filled-Gab of the study area

Qa = Qult / F

204205206207208209210211212213214215216217218219220221222223224225

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

K.Pa

Meter

A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qa) A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qa) in the first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study areain the first layer (Agriculture soil) of the study area

1490

1510

1530

1550

1570

1590

1610

1630

1650

1670

1690

K.Pa

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

Meter

A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qa) in the second layer of the study area.

240

260

280

300

320

340

0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Filled-Gab

K.Pa

Meter

A map showing the distribution of the Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qa) in the Filled-Gab of the study area

MechanicalProperties

Surface layer Second Layer Gab-Filled

From To From To From To

Elastic moduli

Poisson’s ratio 0.32 0.40 0.27 0.29 0.17 0.2Kinetic rigidity

modulus 308 330 1418 1555 352 432

Kinetic young’s modulus 821 903 3590 3997 831 1038

Kinetic bulk modulus 822 1442 2551 3098 432 577

N-value 13.6 15 99 112 16 22

Material competence

Material index -0.60 -0.27 -0.14 -0.06 0.19 0.28Concentration

index 3.5 4.15 4.50 4.77 5.98 6.57

Stress ratio 0.46 0.67 0.36 0.4 0.21 0.25Density gradient 4.45X10-6 8.62X10-6 2.48X10-6 2.98X10-6 1.15X10-5 1.51X10-5

Foundation material bearing capacity

Ultimate bearing capacity

409 449 2987 3368 486 636

Allowable bearing capacity

204 224 1493 1684 243 318

Meter0 10 20

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 31'' E

26 01' 19'' N32 56' 35'' E

26 01' 21'' N32 56' 35'' E

Zone "B"

SSR survey area

Zone B "Filled-Gab"

Zone A

Classification of the foundation rock material quality for engineering purposes according to the geotechnical characteristics in the study area, New Qeft City, Qena

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

It is bounded by latitudes 25 57’ 56’’ and 26 01’ 56’’ N and longitudes 32’ 49’ 51’’ and 32’ 56’ 27’’ E and covers a surface area of about 214 feddan, while the

next stages have ability of spreading out in the near future.

From Magnetic land surveyFrom Magnetic land survey • There are two major anomaly zones; the first one has generally low magnetic values

having relatively high relief, reflecting a major sedimentary basin that occurred in the northeastern part of the area. This basin has a wide extension and probably extends further outside of the investigated area. However, the remaining part of the study area is characterized by short wavelength anomalies representing shallow to moderate basement.

• The Structural trend analyses have been applied for the shallow structural elements deduced from the observed and residual land survey magnetic data. The interpreted fault and/or contact system are statistically analyzed and plotted in the form of rose diagrams. These diagrams showed the major sets of the trends, which are; (i) The NNW to SSE (i) The NNW to SSE trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend)trends (Red Sea-Gulf of Suez trend) representing the most prevailing faulting direction in the studied area as the first order, and (ii) The NE to SW trend (Aqab trend)(ii) The NE to SW trend (Aqab trend) this trend is significance in the residual anomaly trend, (iii) The ENE-WSW trend (Aualitic)(iii) The ENE-WSW trend (Aualitic) is the third order trend. The oldest tectonic trends seem to be rejuvenated as related to the opening of the Red Sea and the two gulfs.

• Depth estimationDepth estimation was carried out for the major selected anomalies of the RTP magnetic maps using spectral analysis, in order to delineate the depth to basement. Moreover, the 3-D analytical signal, Euler deconvoluation and two dimension modeling techniques have been applied to estimate basement surface as well as structural deformations affecting the overlying sedimentary section. The depth results obtained from the land magnetic survey area range from 1100 to 1860 meter.from 1100 to 1860 meter. The means of these results were calculated and the basement relief map was constructed to the area of study. This map was constructed to illustrate the paleo-topographic configuration of the basement rocks that may be related to the predominant structural element shows that the depth to the basement surface ranges from 1100 to 1860 meters.

• Therefore, it is concluded that there is no recent seismic activitiesno recent seismic activities in the area of study, this is directly related and associated with the absent of the major and effected deep structures in the study and all structural trends related to the affection of major trends to the surface .

from both TEM and VESes soundings

• The range of resistivity and conductivity variation in each layer is narrow, and in the case where wide variations do exist, it is met with a change in the corresponding thickness and lithology.

• The range of thickness change is also narrow except in areas where the obtained resistivity is low "High Conductivity".

• The study of the shallow section within the specified area reflects that, the shallow section comprises four layers in most part and five layers in some parts of the study area.

• The average maximum resistivity value obtained for the surface layer as will as minimum conductivity value "with high frequency", where weathering products that composed of boulders and stones derived from the nearly mountains are present.

• The resistivity values decrease gradually with the increase of depth and versa reverse for conductivity values "with decrease in frequency".

• There is no evidence of presence either any remarkable structure interrupted the lithologic continuity of the study area.

• Tow different lithological layers had been noted that appears in some places and disappear in another, clay lens appears in some places “scattered sites” in the first layer, and argillaceous limestone appears below the second layer in some places ”Northeast and East portions”.

• There are two main aquifers in the study area. The upper one is the fresh water-bearing layer (Depth from 10 to 55m and thickness arrange from 18m to 60m) and the lower aquifer is the brackish to saline water quality (Depth from 40 to 100m).

• Unmoral noted low resistivity value appeared in site of site No. 36 in both VESes and TEM survey, so it should be studied by another tools to make more details and explain this phenomenon. (Should be done by more detailed geophysical tools.

1-The interpreted Geoelectrical cross-sections suggest three-layer model at four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.

2-The Geoelectrical layers were converted from the resistivity values into four lithologic layers as:

A – Surface layer: clay (transported soil for agriculture activity) B – Second layer: gravely sand -to-sand lithology C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone.D – Fourth layer “Filled-Gab”: very loose material “dust and factory wastes – very low resistivity material” 3-there is palpable facts, from the R2D data, suggests that there is a gab had

been made and filled with material and according to the noted low values that characterized it may be a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called “BYBASS” that may caused lowing in resistivity values . this gab disturbances the former sequence of the area .

4- two edges of this gab had been detected by the R2D profiles but the other edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.

5-The penetrated interface, which has been detected by R2D survey in the study area, has depth values reach 24 m with Wenner array

from R2D imaging Data

1-The interpreted Geoseismic cross-sections suggest three-layer model at four positions and four-layer model at the other ten positions.

2-The Geoseismic layers were converted from the velocities values into four lithologic layers as:

Top A – Surface layer: clay (transported covered agriculture soil) B – Second layer: gravely sand-to-sand layer C – Third layer: argillaceous limestone. D –“Filled-Gab” : contains very material may be (dust and factory wastes called “BYBASS” )

3-there is obvious evidence, from the seismic data, suggests that there is a gab had been made and filled with very fine grains material and it may be consist of a dust and wastes of the cement factory that called “BYBASS” . This gab is disturbance of the former sequence of the area.

4- Two edges of this gab had been perceived by the seismic profiles but the other edges are unknown and unlimited in the spot area.

5-The penetrated interface, which has been seismically detected in the study

area, has depth values vary from 23 m at the geophone site “4” of profile “3” to 27m at geophone “9” of profile “22”

From Shallow seismic refraction data

لله الحمد أن دعوانا أخر لله و الحمد أن دعوانا أخر والعالمين العالمين رب رب

الرحيم الرحمن الله الرحيم بسم الرحمن الله بسمأنت " " إنك منا تقبل أنت ربنا إنك منا تقبل ربنا

العليم العليم السميع "" السميعالعظيم الله العظيم صدق الله صدق

Thank you